WO2009084575A1 - 内燃機関用スパークプラグ - Google Patents
内燃機関用スパークプラグ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009084575A1 WO2009084575A1 PCT/JP2008/073559 JP2008073559W WO2009084575A1 WO 2009084575 A1 WO2009084575 A1 WO 2009084575A1 JP 2008073559 W JP2008073559 W JP 2008073559W WO 2009084575 A1 WO2009084575 A1 WO 2009084575A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- noble metal
- tip
- ground electrode
- metal tip
- inner layer
- Prior art date
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 58
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 204
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/02—Details
- H01T13/16—Means for dissipating heat
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spark plug used for an internal combustion engine.
- a spark plug for an internal combustion engine such as an automobile engine includes, for example, a central electrode extending in the axial direction, an insulator provided outside the center electrode, a cylindrical metal shell provided outside the insulator, and a base end portion Comprises a ground electrode joined to the tip of the metal shell. Further, the ground electrode is disposed so that the front end portion of the inner peripheral surface thereof is bent back so as to face the front end portion of the center electrode, whereby a spark discharge gap is formed between the front end portion of the center electrode and the front end portion of the ground electrode. Is formed.
- the ground electrode is composed of two layers, an outer layer made of a Ni alloy and an inner layer made of a copper alloy that is a better heat conductive metal than the Ni alloy.
- the structure technology is known. JP-A-5-242952
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the object thereof is to optimize the positional relationship between the inner layer of the ground electrode and the noble metal tip, thereby improving the heat drawing performance of the noble metal tip, and consequently the noble metal tip.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a spark plug for an internal combustion engine that can improve the peel resistance and durability.
- the spark plug for an internal combustion engine of this configuration includes a rod-shaped center electrode extending in the axial direction, A substantially cylindrical insulator having an axial hole extending in the axial direction and the central electrode provided in the axial hole; A substantially cylindrical metal shell provided on the outer periphery of the insulator; A grounding electrode extending from the tip of the metal shell, and the tip being bent toward the center electrode; A noble metal tip bonded to the tip of the ground electrode, A spark plug for an internal combustion engine in which a gap is formed between the tip of the center electrode and the noble metal tip, The noble metal tip is bonded in a state where its central axis is shifted toward the axial base end side with respect to the central axis of the ground electrode,
- the ground electrode includes an outer layer made of a nickel alloy and an inner layer made of a heat conductive material better than the outer layer, The tip of the inner layer is located closer to the axis than the base end of the ground electrode, Of the cross section orthogonal to the central axis of the ground electrode
- the noble metal part which consists of noble metal alloys in the front-end
- the gap is formed between the noble metal portion provided on the center electrode and the noble metal tip provided on the ground electrode.
- the ground electrode has a two-layer structure formed by an outer layer and an inner layer that includes a material having better thermal conductivity than the outer layer, and the inner layer is a base end of the ground electrode.
- the inner layer In the cross section passing through the central axis and the axis of the ground electrode, the inner layer extends beyond the straight line extending from the inner peripheral surface of the metal shell to the tip side along the axis. ). That is, since the inner layer having excellent thermal conductivity is provided at a position relatively close to the noble metal tip, the heat of the noble metal tip can be easily drawn through the inner layer, and thus the heat drawing performance of the noble metal tip. Can be improved.
- the noble metal tip when the amount of heat received is further increased on the center side of the combustion chamber, the noble metal tip is grounded in a state where the center axis of the noble metal tip is shifted from the center axis of the ground electrode toward the axial base end side (the metal shell side). Bonded to the electrode. That is, the noble metal tip is provided at a position further away from the center of the combustion chamber. For this reason, the amount of heat received by the noble metal tip due to combustion can be relatively reduced, and a decrease in peel resistance and durability can be more reliably prevented.
- the surface viewed from the front end surface side of the ground electrode is the center axis of the ground electrode with respect to the cross section having the maximum cross-sectional area of the inner layer among the cross sections orthogonal to the center axis of the ground electrode.
- the noble metal tip is provided such that the area of the overlapping region between the inner layer and the noble metal tip on the projection surface is 25% or more of the area of the inner layer on the projection surface. That is, the overlapping region between the inner layer and the noble metal tip along the central axis of the ground electrode is relatively large. Thereby, the heat of the noble metal tip can be efficiently drawn toward the metal shell through the inner layer having excellent thermal conductivity, and the heat drawing performance of the noble metal tip can be further improved. As a result, the peel resistance and durability can be further improved.
- the spark plug for an internal combustion engine of this configuration is characterized in that, in the above configuration 1, the ratio (overlap ratio) of the overlapping region of the inner layer and the noble metal tip on the projection plane is 28% or more.
- the peel resistance and durability of the noble metal tip can be further improved. From the viewpoint of further improving the peel resistance and durability, it is preferable to further increase the overlapping ratio of the noble metal tip to the inner layer along the central axis of the ground electrode. Therefore, it is more preferable that the overlapping ratio is 30% or more.
- the spark plug for an internal combustion engine according to this configuration is the above-described configuration 1 or 2, wherein the noble metal tip is in a state in which a central axis thereof is deviated by 0.1 mm or more toward the axial base end side with respect to the central axis of the ground electrode. It is characterized by being joined.
- the noble metal tip is arranged at a position further away from the center of the combustion chamber. For this reason, the amount of heat received by the noble metal tip can be further reduced, and the durability can be further improved.
- the spark plug for an internal combustion engine of this configuration is characterized in that, in any of the above configurations 1 to 3, the shortest distance between the inner layer and the noble metal tip is 0.5 mm or more and 2 mm or less.
- the heat of the noble metal tip can be drawn more efficiently by the inner layer having excellent thermal conductivity.
- the distance between the inner layer and the noble metal tip is less than 0.5 mm, the heat of the noble metal tip will be excessively drawn, and a temperature difference will occur between the noble metal tip and the ground electrode, and the joint between the two There is a possibility that the stress acting on the surface increases.
- the temperature difference between the noble metal tip and the ground electrode can be made relatively small. The stress acting on the joint between the two can be made relatively small.
- the distance between the inner layer and the noble metal tip is 0.5 mm or more and 2 mm or less, the heat of the noble metal tip can be drawn sufficiently, but not excessively, and the peel resistance can be further improved. Improvements can be made.
- the spark plug for an internal combustion engine according to this configuration is the spark plug for an internal combustion engine according to any one of the above configurations 1 to 4, wherein the noble metal tip is formed such that the tip surface of the noble metal tip protrudes from the tip surface of the ground electrode. It is characterized by being joined to the inner peripheral surface located on the electrode side.
- the noble metal tip can be disposed at a position further away from the center of the combustion chamber, it is possible to further improve the peel resistance and durability.
- the spark plug for an internal combustion engine according to the present configuration has a structure in which the length of the joint portion of the noble metal tip with respect to the ground electrode along the central axis of the ground electrode is 0.5 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less in the configuration 5 described above.
- the length of the joint portion of the noble metal tip to the ground electrode along the central axis of the ground electrode is set to 0.5 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the possibility of occurrence of welding unevenness as much as possible, and to secure sufficient bonding strength. As a result, the peel resistance can be further improved.
- the spark plug for an internal combustion engine of this configuration is characterized in that, in the above configuration 5 or 6, the amount of burial of the noble metal tip from the inner peripheral surface of the ground electrode is 0.1 mm or more.
- the bonding strength between the two can be improved, and further improvement of the peel resistance can be achieved.
- Configuration 8 The spark plug for an internal combustion engine of this configuration is characterized in that, in any one of the above configurations 1 to 7, the portion of the ground electrode to which the noble metal tip is joined is flat.
- the noble metal tip can be joined to the ground electrode relatively easily and stably. it can. As a result, the joint strength between the two can be further improved, and the peel resistance of the noble metal tip can be further improved.
- the present configuration 8 is more significant when a ground electrode having a circular cross section or the like is used in order to improve the ignitability by facilitating the flow of the air-fuel mixture into the spark discharge gap.
- the spark plug for an internal combustion engine according to this configuration is characterized in that, in the above configuration 8, the portion to which the noble metal tip is joined is flattened by cutting or pressing the inner peripheral surface of the ground electrode.
- the portion of the ground electrode to which the noble metal tip is bonded can be made relatively flat.
- the inner peripheral surface of the ground electrode becomes a concave shape toward the outer peripheral side, and the inner layer along the central axis of the ground electrode is joined by bonding a noble metal tip to the concave portion. It is possible to relatively easily increase the overlapping ratio of the noble metal tip with respect to. That is, the configuration 1 can be realized relatively easily, and the peel resistance and durability can be improved relatively easily and more reliably.
- Configuration 10 The spark plug for an internal combustion engine of this configuration is arranged such that the tip surface of the noble metal tip is opposed to the tip portion of the center electrode in any one of the above configurations 1 to 9. Spark discharge is performed substantially along a direction orthogonal to the axial direction.
- each of the above-described configurations is embodied in a so-called spark plug of a type that performs a spark discharge in the lateral direction as in the above-described configuration 10.
- the amount of protrusion of the ground electrode to the combustion chamber center side can be made relatively small, the amount of heat received by the ground electrode and the noble metal tip can be further reduced, and the peeling resistance and durability can be further improved. Further improvement can be achieved.
- Configuration 11 The spark plug for an internal combustion engine of this configuration is arranged such that, in any one of the above configurations 1 to 9, the end surface of the noble metal tip in the axial direction is opposed to the tip of the center electrode. Spark discharge is performed substantially along the axial direction.
- each configuration described above may be embodied in a so-called spark plug that discharges in the vertical direction.
- the spark discharge gap is located closer to the center of the combustion chamber, and excellent ignitability can be realized.
- the tip surface of the noble metal tip is disposed to face the axis line located on the tip side of the center electrode, Spark discharge is performed obliquely with respect to the axial direction.
- each configuration described above may be embodied in a so-called obliquely discharging spark plug.
- the protruding amount of the ground electrode can be made relatively small, the amount of heat received by the ground electrode and the like can be reduced, and the peel resistance and the like can be further improved.
- the type that discharges in the vertical direction there is a concern that the propagation of the flame toward the center side of the combustion chamber may be hindered by the ground electrode, but according to the present configuration 12, the concern is wiped out. And flame propagation can be improved. That is, by adopting a type that discharges in an oblique direction, it is possible to improve the peeling resistance and the flame propagation property in a balanced manner.
- Configuration 13 The spark plug for an internal combustion engine according to this configuration is characterized in that, in any one of the above configurations 1 to 12, the maximum cross-sectional area of the ground electrode in a cross section orthogonal to the central axis of the ground electrode is 3.3 mm 2 or less.
- the area of the front end surface of the metal shell to which the ground electrode is joined is generally made smaller.
- a thinner (smaller cross-sectional area) ground electrode can be employed.
- the cross-sectional area of the ground electrode tends to be relatively small.
- the heat extraction performance of the noble metal tip made through the ground electrode tends to be insufficient. That is, in a ground electrode having a comparatively small cross-sectional area, there is a further concern that the noble metal tip is deteriorated in peel resistance and durability.
- the ground electrode in the configuration 13 has a relatively small maximum cross-sectional area of 3.3 mm 2 or less, and there is a concern that the peel resistance and durability may be lowered.
- the cross-sectional area of the ground electrode is relatively small, it can be said that it is more significant to adopt the above configuration 1 or the like.
- the ratio of the overlapping region of the inner layer and the noble metal tip on the projection plane to the inner layer on the projection plane Is more effective than 25%. More specifically, considering the rate of improvement in heat sink performance when the overlap ratio is relatively large (25% or more) based on the heat sink performance when the overlap ratio is relatively small (less than 25%), The smaller the cross-sectional area is, the more the heat pulling performance can be improved. That is, it can be said that the overlap ratio of 25% or more is particularly significant when the cross-sectional area of the ground electrode is relatively small.
- the spark plug for an internal combustion engine of the present configuration has the length of the inner layer on the projection plane along the width direction of the inner layer as A in any one of the configurations 1 to 13, When the length of the overlapping region of the inner layer and the noble metal tip on the projection plane along the width direction of the inner layer is a, 0.35 ⁇ a / A ⁇ 0.60 It is characterized by satisfying.
- the width direction of the inner layer means a direction orthogonal to a plane including the axis and the central axis of the ground electrode.
- the overlapping region between the inner layer and the noble metal tip along the central axis of the ground electrode can be made larger. For this reason, the heat drawing performance of the noble metal tip can be further improved.
- the spark plug for an internal combustion engine of this configuration is any one of the above configurations 1 to 14, wherein the length of the inner layer on the projection plane along the width direction of the inner layer is A, When the length of the overlapping region of the inner layer and the noble metal tip on the projection plane along the direction orthogonal to the width direction of the inner layer is b, 0.07 ⁇ b / A ⁇ 0.40 It is characterized by satisfying.
- the overlapping region between the inner layer and the noble metal tip along the central axis of the ground electrode can be further increased.
- the heat drawing performance of the noble metal tip can be further improved.
- FIG. 1 is a partially broken front view showing a spark plug (hereinafter referred to as “spark plug”) 1 for an internal combustion engine.
- spark plug a spark plug 1 for an internal combustion engine.
- the direction of the axis CL ⁇ b> 1 of the spark plug 1 is the vertical direction in the drawing, the lower side is the front end side of the spark plug 1, and the upper side is the rear end side.
- the spark plug 1 includes an insulator 2 as a cylindrical insulator, a cylindrical metal shell 3 that holds the insulator 2, and the like.
- the insulator 2 is formed by firing alumina or the like, and in its outer portion, a rear end side body portion 10 formed on the rear end side, and a front end than the rear end side body portion 10.
- a large-diameter portion 11 that protrudes radially outward on the side, a middle body portion 12 that is smaller in diameter than the large-diameter portion 11, and a tip portion that is more distal than the middle body portion 12.
- a leg length part 13 formed with a smaller diameter than this is provided.
- the large-diameter portion 11, the middle trunk portion 12, and most of the leg long portions 13 are accommodated inside the metal shell 3.
- a tapered step portion 14 is formed at the connecting portion between the leg length portion 13 and the middle trunk portion 12, and the insulator 2 is locked to the metal shell 3 at the step portion 14.
- a shaft hole 4 is formed through the insulator 2 along the axis CL1, and a center electrode 5 is inserted and fixed at the tip side of the shaft hole 4.
- the center electrode 5 has a rod-like shape (cylindrical shape) as a whole, and its tip end surface is formed flat and protrudes from the tip of the insulator 2.
- the center electrode 5 includes an inner layer 5A made of copper or a copper alloy and an outer layer 5B made of a Ni alloy containing nickel (Ni) as a main component.
- a cylindrical noble metal portion 31 made of a noble metal alloy (for example, an iridium alloy) is provided at the tip of the center electrode 5. More specifically, the noble metal portion 31 is provided by forming a welded portion 41 (see FIG. 2A, etc.) by laser welding or the like on the outer periphery of the contact surface between the outer layer 5A and the noble metal portion 31. It has been.
- a terminal electrode 6 is inserted and fixed on the rear end side of the shaft hole 4 in a state of protruding from the rear end of the insulator 2.
- a cylindrical resistor 7 is disposed between the center electrode 5 and the terminal electrode 6 of the shaft hole 4. Both ends of the resistor 7 are electrically connected to the center electrode 5 and the terminal electrode 6 through conductive glass seal layers 8 and 9, respectively.
- the metal shell 3 is formed in a cylindrical shape from a metal such as low carbon steel, and a screw portion (male screw portion) 15 for attaching the spark plug 1 to the engine head is formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof. Yes.
- a seat portion 16 is formed on the outer peripheral surface on the rear end side of the screw portion 15, and a ring-shaped gasket 18 is fitted on the screw neck 17 on the rear end of the screw portion 15.
- a tool engaging portion 19 having a hexagonal cross section for engaging a tool such as a wrench when the metal shell 3 is attached to the engine head is provided.
- a caulking portion 20 for holding the insulator 2 is provided on the rear end side of the metal shell 3.
- a tapered step portion 21 for locking the insulator 2 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the metal shell 3.
- the insulator 2 is inserted from the rear end side to the front end side of the metal shell 3, and the rear end of the metal shell 3 is engaged with the step portion 14 of the metal shell 3. It is fixed by caulking the opening on the side radially inward, that is, by forming the caulking portion 20.
- An annular plate packing 22 is interposed between the step portions 14 and 21 of both the insulator 2 and the metal shell 3. Thereby, the air tightness in the combustion chamber is maintained, and the fuel air entering the gap between the leg long portion 13 of the insulator 2 exposed to the combustion chamber and the inner peripheral surface of the metal shell 3 is prevented from leaking outside.
- annular ring members 23 and 24 are interposed between the metal shell 3 and the insulator 2 on the rear end side of the metal shell 3, and the ring member 23 , 24 is filled with powder of talc (talc) 25. That is, the metal shell 3 holds the insulator 2 via the plate packing 22, the ring members 23 and 24, and the talc 25.
- a ground electrode 27 made of Ni alloy or the like is joined to the distal end surface of the distal end portion 26 of the metal shell 3.
- the ground electrode 27 is configured such that the distal end surface 27f faces the side surface portion of the center electrode 5 (the noble metal portion 31) by bending the distal end side.
- the ground electrode 27 has a two-layer structure including an outer layer 27A and an inner layer 27B.
- the outer layer 27A is made of a Ni alloy [for example, Inconel 600 and Inconel 601 (both are registered trademarks)].
- the inner layer 27B is made of a copper alloy or pure copper, which is a better heat conductive metal than the Ni alloy.
- the ground electrode 27 has a circular cross section, and the maximum cross sectional area of the ground electrode 27 is 3.3 mm 2 or less in a cross section perpendicular to the central axis CL2 of the ground electrode 27. It is said that.
- a prismatic noble metal tip 32 made of a noble metal alloy (for example, platinum alloy) is joined to the tip of the inner peripheral surface 27i of the ground electrode 27. More specifically, the noble metal tip 32 is partly embedded in the ground electrode 27 and joined with the tip surface 32f protruding from the tip surface 27f of the ground electrode 27 in a direction perpendicular to the axis CL1. Yes. Further, a spark discharge gap 33 is formed as a gap between the side surface portion of the noble metal portion 31 and the tip end portion of the noble metal tip 32, and spark discharge is performed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis CL1.
- a noble metal alloy for example, platinum alloy
- the noble metal tip 32 is joined to the ground electrode 27 so that the tip end face 32f faces the side surface of the center electrode 5 (noble metal part 31). Yes. More specifically, the center axis CL3 of the noble metal tip 32 is shifted from the center axis CL2 of the ground electrode 27 by 0.1 mm or more to the rear end side (the metal shell 3 side) in the axis CL1 direction with respect to the ground electrode 27. It is joined. Further, in the cross section passing through the central axis CL2 and the axis CL1 of the ground electrode 27, the inner peripheral surface of the metal shell 3 extends more than the straight line SL extending along the axis CL1 (that is, the base of the ground electrode 27).
- the tip of the inner layer 27B is located on the axis CL1 side. That is, the inner layer 27B is provided in a state of extending to the tip end side of the ground electrode 27.
- the shortest distance C between the inner layer 27B and the noble metal tip 32 is 0.5 mm or more and 2 mm or less (for example, 1 mm).
- the length D (joint portion length) D along the central axis CL2 of the ground electrode 27 of the joint portion of the noble metal tip 32 to the ground electrode 27 is set to 0.5 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less.
- the amount of burial E from the inner peripheral surface 27i of the ground electrode 27 of the noble metal tip 32 is set to 0.1 mm or more.
- the inner layer 27B and the noble metal tip 32 on the projection plane PH overlap with the inner layer 27B on the projection plane PH.
- a ratio (overlap ratio) occupied by the area OA (parts with a dotted pattern in the drawing) is 25% or more.
- the metal shell 3 is processed in advance. That is, a cylindrical metal material (for example, an iron-based material such as S17C or S25C or a stainless steel material) is formed by forming a through-hole by cold forging to produce a rough shape. Thereafter, the outer shape is adjusted by cutting to obtain a metal shell intermediate.
- a cylindrical metal material for example, an iron-based material such as S17C or S25C or a stainless steel material
- a two-layer ground electrode 27 made of a Ni alloy and a copper alloy is resistance-welded to the front end surface of the metal shell intermediate.
- so-called “sag” is generated.
- the threaded portion 15 is formed by rolling at a predetermined portion of the metal shell intermediate body.
- the metal shell 3 to which the ground electrode 27 is welded is galvanized or nickel plated.
- the surface may be further subjected to chromate treatment.
- the insulator 2 is molded separately from the metal shell 3.
- a raw material powder mainly composed of alumina and containing a binder or the like a green granulated material for molding is prepared, and rubber press molding is used to obtain a cylindrical molded body.
- the obtained molded body is ground and shaped. Then, the shaped one is put into a firing furnace and fired, whereby the insulator 2 is obtained.
- the center electrode 5 is manufactured separately from the metal shell 3 and the insulator 2. That is, the Ni alloy is forged, and an inner layer 5A made of a copper alloy is provided at the center of the Ni alloy to improve heat dissipation.
- a noble metal portion 31 is provided on the tip portion of the center electrode 5 by laser welding. More specifically, after the front end surface of the outer layer 5B and the base end surface of the columnar noble metal portion 31 are overlapped, a laser beam is irradiated to the outer periphery of both contact surfaces to form the melted portion 41. As a result, the noble metal portion 31 is provided at the tip of the center electrode 5.
- the glass seal layers 8 and 9 are generally prepared by mixing borosilicate glass and metal powder, and the prepared material is injected into the shaft hole 4 of the insulator 2 with the resistor 7 interposed therebetween. After being heated, it is baked and hardened by pressing with the terminal electrode 6 from behind while heating in a firing furnace. At this time, the glaze layer may be fired simultaneously on the surface of the rear end side body portion 10 of the insulator 2 or the glaze layer may be formed in advance.
- the insulator 2 provided with the center electrode 5 and the terminal electrode 6 and the metal shell 3 provided with the ground electrode 27 are assembled as described above. More specifically, it is fixed by caulking the opening on the rear end side of the metal shell 3 formed relatively thin inward in the radial direction, that is, by forming the caulking portion 20.
- the noble metal tip 32 is resistance-welded to the tip of the ground electrode 27.
- the ratio of the overlapping region OH of the inner layer 27B and the noble metal tip 32 on the projection surface PH to the inner layer 27B on the projection surface is 25% or more.
- the ground electrode 27 is bent to adjust the spark discharge gap 33 between the center electrode 5 (the noble metal portion 31) and the noble metal tip 32 provided on the ground electrode 27.
- the ground electrode 27 has a two-layer structure formed by the outer layer 27A and the inner layer 27B including a better heat conductive material than the outer layer 27A. Further, in the cross section passing through the central axis CL2 and the axis line CL1 of the ground electrode 27, the inner layer 27B extends to a position reaching the straight line SL extending the inner peripheral surface of the metal shell 3 along the axis line CL1 to the front end side. (In this embodiment, the inner layer 27B extends to a position where the shortest distance between the inner layer 27B and the noble metal tip 32 is not less than 0.5 mm and not more than 2 mm).
- the inner layer 27B having excellent thermal conductivity is provided at a position relatively close to the noble metal tip 32, the heat of the noble metal tip 32 can be easily drawn through the inner layer, and consequently the noble metal tip 32.
- the heat-drawing performance can be improved.
- the noble metal tip 32 when the amount of heat received further increases on the center side of the combustion chamber, the noble metal tip 32 has its own center axis CL3 shifted from the center axis CL2 of the ground electrode 27 to the rear end side (the metal shell 3 side) in the axis CL1 direction. In this embodiment, it is bonded to the ground electrode 27 in a state of being shifted by 0.1 mm or more. That is, the noble metal tip 32 is provided at a position further away from the center of the combustion chamber. For this reason, the amount of heat received by the noble metal tip 32 due to combustion can be relatively reduced, and a reduction in peel resistance and durability can be more reliably prevented.
- the area of the overlapping region OH between the inner layer 27B and the noble metal tip 32 on the projection plane PH is set to 25% or more of the area of the inner layer 27B on the projection plane PH.
- the length of the joint portion of the noble metal tip 32 to the ground electrode 27 along the central axis CL2 of the ground electrode 27 is 0.5 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less, each part of the joint portion Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility of occurrence of welding unevenness as much as possible, and to secure sufficient bonding strength. As a result, the peel resistance can be further improved.
- the noble metal tip 32 is bonded to the ground electrode 27 with a sufficient amount of burying E (0.1 mm or more), the bonding strength between the two can be improved, and the peeling resistance can be further improved. Improvements can be made.
- the ground electrode 27 is formed in a circular cross section, the air-fuel mixture can be more easily flown into the spark discharge gap 33, and the ignitability can be improved. .
- the tip surface 32f of the noble metal tip 32 protrudes in a direction perpendicular to the axis CL1 with respect to the tip surface 27f of the ground electrode 27, the ignitability can be further improved.
- the relationship between the overlapping ratio of the noble metal tip to the inner layer on the projection plane and the temperature of the noble metal tip was analyzed by a finite element method (FEM) simulation.
- FEM finite element method
- the overlapping ratio was 28% or more, the temperature of the noble metal tip was further reduced, and the heat of the noble metal tip was drawn more efficiently. Therefore, it can be said that it is more preferable to set the overlapping ratio to 28% or more (for example, 30% or more) from the viewpoint of realizing more excellent heat drawing performance for the noble metal tip.
- spark plug samples were prepared in which the amount of deviation of the center axis of the noble metal tip from the center axis of the ground electrode (tip deviation amount) was changed, and a thermal endurance test was performed on each sample.
- the graph of FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the tip shift amount and the oxide scale ratio.
- a larger oxide scale ratio means that a larger thermal stress difference is generated at the joint between the ground electrode and the noble metal tip, which means that the peel resistance is insufficient.
- the displacement amount toward the distal end side in the axial direction is expressed as minus with the central axis of the ground electrode as a reference point, and the displacement amount toward the proximal end side in the axial direction is represented as plus.
- the sample with a chip displacement amount exceeding 0 mm can have a relatively low oxide scale ratio and has sufficient peeling resistance. This is presumably because the amount of heat received by the noble metal tip accompanying combustion could be relatively reduced because the noble metal tip was provided at a position further away from the center of the combustion chamber.
- the oxide scale ratio was less than 40%, and it was revealed that the samples had excellent peeling resistance. Therefore, it can be said that it is more desirable that the amount of chip deviation is 0.1 mm or more from the viewpoint of further improving the peel resistance.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the shortest distance “SC” and the oxide scale ratio.
- the oxide scale ratio is 50%. It was found that the peeling resistance was insufficient. This is considered to be due to the following reason. That is, when the shortest distance “SC” is less than 0.5 mm, the heat of the noble metal tip is excessively drawn, and a relatively large thermal stress is generated at the joint between the ground electrode and the noble metal tip. This is thought to be caused by the fact that it occurred. In addition, when the shortest distance “SC” exceeds 2 mm, it is considered that heat is not easily transferred from the noble metal tip to the inner layer, and thus the heat pulling of the noble metal tip is insufficient.
- the shortest distance “SC” between the noble metal tip and the inner layer was 0.5 mm or more and 2 mm or less, the oxide scale ratio was less than 50%, and it was revealed that the film had excellent peeling resistance. This is presumably because the heat of the noble metal tip could be drawn sufficiently but not excessively.
- the shortest distance “SC” is more preferably 0.5 mm or more and 1.8 mm or less, and the shortest distance “SC” is 1 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less. It can be said that it is even more preferable.
- a spark plug sample in which the joint length “SD” of the noble metal tip with respect to the ground electrode and the burying amount “SE” were variously changed was prepared, and the sample was subjected to a desktop burner test [the temperature of the noble metal tip was 1000. The test was repeated for 2 minutes after heating with a burner for 2 minutes so that the temperature became 1 ° C., and this was repeated, and the number of cycles when the oxide scale ratio reached 50% (cycles reaching 50% oxide scale) ) Was measured. The result of the test is shown in FIG. In the figure, the test results when the burial amount “SE” is 0.05 mm are plotted with cross marks, and the test results when the burial amount “SE” is 0.1 mm are plotted with black squares. . Further, the test results when the buried amount “SE” was 0.2 mm were plotted with black circles, and the test results when the buried amount “SE” was 0.3 mm were plotted with black triangles.
- the sample having a junction length “SD” of less than 0.5 mm has an oxidation scale 50% reaching cycle of less than 1000 cycles, and the oxide scale easily enters, that is, the peel resistance is insufficient. It became clear. This is presumably because the joining portion was too small to ensure sufficient joining strength. Further, it was found that the sample having a junction length “SD” exceeding 1.5 mm also had an oxidation scale 50% reaching cycle of less than 1000 cycles, and the peel resistance was insufficient. This is considered to be due to the fact that the joint portion of the noble metal tip with respect to the ground electrode is too large, resulting in welding unevenness at each portion of the joint portion.
- the relationship between the maximum cross-sectional area of the ground electrode and the temperature of the noble metal tip was analyzed by a finite element method (FEM) simulation.
- FEM finite element method
- the conditions such as temperature in the simulation were set as follows. That is, when the spark plug is attached to the engine (that is, when heat is drawn from the ground electrode to the metal shell side) and the overlap ratio is 0%, the temperature of the noble metal tip is 1000 ° C.
- the ambient temperature was set so that The ratio of the maximum cross-sectional area of the ground electrode and how much the temperature of the noble metal tip is reduced when the overlap ratio is 50% on the basis of the temperature of the noble metal tip when the overlap ratio is 0%. It calculated about the relationship with (temperature reduction rate).
- FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the maximum cross-sectional area of the ground electrode and the temperature reduction rate.
- the temperature reduction rate was relatively large for the sample having the maximum cross-sectional area of the ground electrode of 3.3 mm 2 or less. That is, in the case of a ground electrode having a relatively small cross-sectional area, there is a concern that the peel resistance and durability may be lowered.
- the cross-sectional area of the ground electrode is 3.3 mm 2 or less, the overlapping ratio is 25% or more. It has been found that the effects of the above are more effective. Therefore, it can be said that setting the overlap ratio to 25% or more is more effective when the cross-sectional area of the ground electrode is relatively small, 3.3 mm 2 or less.
- the ground electrode 27 is described as having a simple two-layer structure, but it may have a three-layer structure or a multilayer structure of four or more layers.
- the inner layer of the outer layer 27A contains a better heat conductive metal than the outer layer 27A.
- an intermediate layer made of copper alloy or pure copper may be provided inside the outer layer 27A, and an innermost layer made of pure nickel may be provided inside the intermediate layer.
- the ground electrode has a three-layer structure or more, a plurality of layers that are located inside the outer layer 27A and contain a metal having a good thermal conductivity than the outer layer 27A correspond to the inner layer 27B.
- the intermediate layer and the innermost layer correspond to the inner layer 27B.
- the noble metal tip 32 is bonded to the center axis CL2 of the ground electrode 27 in a state where the center axis CL3 of the noble metal tip 32 is shifted by 0.1 mm or more toward the rear end side in the axis CL1 direction.
- the center axis CL3 of the noble metal tip 32 is shifted to the rear end side in the direction of the axis CL1 with respect to the center axis CL2 of the ground electrode 27, and the deviation amount of the noble metal tip 32 is less than 0.1 mm. Also good.
- the tip of the inner peripheral surface 27i of the ground electrode 27 is formed by cutting or pressing.
- the noble metal tip 32 may be bonded after being processed into a flat shape.
- the noble metal tip 32 can be joined to the ground electrode 27 relatively easily and stably.
- the bonding strength of the noble metal tip 32 to the ground electrode 27 can be further improved, and the peel resistance can be further improved.
- the inner peripheral surface of the ground electrode 27 can be formed in a concave shape toward the outer peripheral side, and the noble metal tip 32 is joined to the concave portion, whereby the central axis of the ground electrode 27 is obtained.
- the overlapping region of the noble metal tip 32 on the inner layer 27B along the CL2 can be increased relatively easily.
- the peel resistance and durability can be improved relatively easily and more reliably.
- the tip surface 32f of the noble metal tip 32 is configured to face the side surface of the center electrode 5 (noble metal portion 31).
- the distal end surface 32f may be configured to face the axis line CL1 positioned on the distal end side with respect to the center electrode 5. In this case, peeling resistance and flame propagation can be improved in a balanced manner.
- the ground electrode 27 has a circular cross section, but the cross sectional shape of the ground electrode 27 is not particularly limited. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13 (a), the ground electrode 27 may be configured to have an oval cross section, and as shown in FIG. 13 (b), flat chamfers are formed at the four corners of the rectangular cross section. It is good also as comprising in the cross-sectional shape (cross-sectional octagon shape) which provided the part 27ch. Further, as shown in FIG. 13C, a configuration may be adopted in which a curved portion 27cu is provided instead of the cutout portion 27ch (only a part of the cutout portion 27ch is replaced with the curved portion 27cu). It is also possible. In this case, similarly to the case where the ground electrode 27 has a circular cross section, the air-fuel mixture can easily flow into the spark discharge gap 33, and the ignitability can be improved.
- the inner peripheral surface 27i is flattened by cutting or pressing the tip of the inner peripheral surface 27i of the ground electrode 27. It is good also as comprising in a shape.
- the length of the inner layer 27B on the projection plane PH along the width direction of the inner layer 27B is A, and the projection plane along the width direction is A.
- the arrangement position of the noble metal tip 32 with respect to the inner layer 27B may be adjusted so as to satisfy 0.35 ⁇ a / A ⁇ 0.60.
- the overlapping area OA between the inner layer 27B and the noble metal tip 32 along the central axis CL2 of the ground electrode 27 can be made larger. Therefore, the heat drawing performance of the noble metal tip 32 can be further improved.
- the inner layer 27B satisfies 0.07 ⁇ b / A ⁇ 0.40. It is good also as adjusting the arrangement position of the noble metal tip 32 with respect to. When configured to satisfy 0.07 ⁇ b / A ⁇ 0.40, the overlapping area OA can be made even larger. For this reason, it is possible to further improve the heat drawing performance of the noble metal tip 32.
- the ground electrode 27 is joined to the distal end surface of the distal end portion 26 of the metal shell 3 .
- a part of the metal shell or pre-welded to the metal shell
- the present invention can also be applied to the case where the ground electrode is formed by cutting out a part of a certain tip metal fitting (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-236906).
- the ground electrode 27 may be joined to the side surface of the tip portion 26 of the metal shell 3.
- the tool engaging portion 19 has a hexagonal cross section, but the shape of the tool engaging portion 19 is not limited to such a shape.
- it may be a Bi-HEX (deformed 12-angle) shape [ISO 22777: 2005 (E)].
- FIG. 1 It is a partially broken front view which shows the structure of the spark plug of this embodiment.
- (A) is a partially broken enlarged front view showing the configuration of the tip portion of the spark plug, and (b) is a partially enlarged side view when the ground electrode and the like are viewed from the tip surface side of the ground electrode.
- (A) is an enlarged sectional view showing the shortest distance between the inner layer and the noble metal tip, and (b) is a schematic diagram showing the overlapping region of the inner layer and the noble metal tip on the projection plane. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a noble metal chip
- A)-(c) is the partial expanded side view when the ground electrode etc. in another embodiment are visually recognized from the front end surface of the ground electrode.
- A)-(c) is the partial expanded side view when the ground electrode etc. in another embodiment are visually recognized from the front end surface of the ground electrode. It is a schematic diagram for showing the width direction length etc. of the inner layer in a projection surface, and an overlapping area
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Abstract
Description
前記軸線方向に延びる軸孔を有するとともに、前記中心電極が前記軸孔に設けられた略円筒状の絶縁体と、
前記絶縁体の外周に設けられた略円筒状の主体金具と、
前記主体金具の先端部から延び、先端が前記中心電極に向けて曲げられて配置された接地電極と、
前記接地電極の先端部に接合された貴金属チップとを備え、
前記中心電極の先端部及び前記貴金属チップの間に間隙が形成されてなる内燃機関用スパークプラグであって、
前記貴金属チップは、その中心軸が前記接地電極の中心軸に対して前記軸線方向基端側にずれた状態で接合されるとともに、
前記接地電極は、ニッケル合金よりなる外層及び当該外層よりも良熱伝導性素材を含んでなる内層を備え、
前記接地電極の基端よりも前記内層の先端が前記軸線側に位置し、
前記接地電極の中心軸に直交する断面のうち、前記内層の断面積が最大となる断面に、前記接地電極の先端面側から視認した面を前記接地電極の中心軸に沿って投影させてなる投影面について、
前記投影面における前記内層と前記貴金属チップとの重なり領域の占める割合(重なり割合)を25%以上としたことを特徴とする。
前記軸線方向と直交する方向にほぼ沿って火花放電が行われることを特徴とする。
前記軸線方向にほぼ沿って火花放電が行われることを特徴とする。
前記軸線方向に対し斜めに火花放電が行われることを特徴とする。
前記内層の幅方向に沿った、前記投影面における前記内層と前記貴金属チップとの重なり領域の長さをaとしたとき、
0.35≦a/A≦0.60
を満たすことを特徴とする。
前記内層の幅方向に直交する方向に沿った、前記投影面における前記内層と前記貴金属チップとの重なり領域の長さをbとしたとき、
0.07≦b/A≦0.40
を満たすことを特徴とする。
2…絶縁碍子(絶縁体)
3…主体金具
4…軸孔
5…中心電極
26…(主体金具の)先端部
27…接地電極
27A…外層
27B…内層
27f…(接地電極の)先端面
27i…(接地電極の)内周面
32…貴金属チップ
32f…(貴金属チップの)先端面
33…火花放電間隙(間隙)
CL1…軸線
CL2…(接地電極の)中心軸
CL3…(貴金属チップの)中心軸
OA…重なり領域
PH…投影面
SL…直線
C…最短距離
D…(接合部分の)長さ
E…埋没量
Claims (15)
- 軸線方向に延びる棒状の中心電極と、
前記軸線方向に延びる軸孔を有するとともに、前記中心電極が前記軸孔に設けられた略円筒状の絶縁体と、
前記絶縁体の外周に設けられた略円筒状の主体金具と、
前記主体金具の先端部から延び、先端が前記中心電極に向けて曲げられて配置された接地電極と、
前記接地電極の先端部に接合された貴金属チップとを備え、
前記中心電極の先端部及び前記貴金属チップの間に間隙が形成されてなる内燃機関用スパークプラグであって、
前記貴金属チップは、その中心軸が前記接地電極の中心軸に対して前記軸線方向基端側にずれた状態で接合されるとともに、
前記接地電極は、ニッケル合金よりなる外層及び当該外層よりも良熱伝導性素材を含んでなる内層を備え、
前記接地電極の基端よりも前記内層の先端が前記軸線側に位置し、
前記接地電極の中心軸に直交する断面のうち、前記内層の断面積が最大となる断面に、前記接地電極の先端面側から視認した面を前記接地電極の中心軸に沿って投影させてなる投影面について、
前記投影面における前記内層と前記貴金属チップとの重なり領域の占める割合を25%以上としたことを特徴とする内燃機関用スパークプラグ。 - 前記投影面における前記内層と前記貴金属チップとの重なり領域の占める割合を28%以上としたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の内燃機関用スパークプラグ。
- 前記貴金属チップは、その中心軸が前記接地電極の中心軸に対して前記軸線方向基端側に0.1mm以上ずれた状態で接合されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関用スパークプラグ。
- 前記内層と前記貴金属チップとの最短距離を0.5mm以上2mm以下としたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関用スパークプラグ。
- 前記貴金属チップを、前記貴金属チップの先端面が前記接地電極の先端面から突出した状態で前記接地電極のうち前記中心電極側に位置する内周面に接合したことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関用スパークプラグ。
- 前記接地電極の中心軸に沿った前記接地電極に対する前記貴金属チップの接合部分の長さを0.5mm以上1.5mm以下としたことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の内燃機関用スパークプラグ。
- 前記貴金属チップの前記接地電極の内周面からの埋没量を0.1mm以上としたことを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載の内燃機関用スパークプラグ。
- 前記接地電極のうち前記貴金属チップの接合される部位を平坦状としたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関用スパークプラグ。
- 前記接地電極の内周面に対して切削加工或いはプレス加工を施すことによって前記貴金属チップの接合される部位を平坦状としたことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の内燃機関用スパークプラグ。
- 前記貴金属チップの先端面が、前記中心電極の先端部と対向して配置されており、
前記軸線方向と直交する方向にほぼ沿って火花放電が行われることを特徴とする請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関用スパークプラグ。 - 前記貴金属チップの前記軸線方向における端面が、前記中心電極の先端部と対向して配置されており、
前記軸線方向にほぼ沿って火花放電が行われることを特徴とする請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関用スパークプラグ。 - 前記貴金属チップの先端面が、前記中心電極よりも先端側に位置する前記軸線と対向して配置されており、
前記軸線方向に対し斜めに火花放電が行われることを特徴とする請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の内燃機関用スパークプラグ。 - 前記接地電極の中心軸に直交する断面における、前記接地電極の最大断面積を3.3mm2以下としたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至12のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関用スパークプラグ。
- 前記内層の幅方向に沿った、前記投影面における前記内層の長さをAとし、
前記内層の幅方向に沿った、前記投影面における前記内層と前記貴金属チップとの重なり領域の長さをaとしたとき、
0.35≦a/A≦0.60
を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1乃至13のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関用スパークプラグ。 - 前記内層の幅方向に沿った、前記投影面における前記内層の長さをAとし、
前記内層の幅方向に直交する方向に沿った、前記投影面における前記内層と前記貴金属チップとの重なり領域の長さをbとしたとき、
0.07≦b/A≦0.40
を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1乃至14のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関用スパークプラグ。
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US12/810,652 US8640666B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-25 | Spark plug for internal combustion engine |
CN2008801233622A CN101911409B (zh) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-25 | 内燃机用火花塞 |
JP2009521044A JP5048063B2 (ja) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-25 | 内燃機関用スパークプラグ |
EP08866011.3A EP2226911B1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-25 | Spark plug for internal combustion engine |
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JP5036894B1 (ja) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-09-26 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スパークプラグ |
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JP6318796B2 (ja) | 2014-04-10 | 2018-05-09 | 株式会社デンソー | スパークプラグ |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101911409A (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
US20100275870A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
US8640666B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 |
CN101911409B (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
EP2226911B1 (en) | 2013-11-27 |
JPWO2009084575A1 (ja) | 2011-05-19 |
JP5048063B2 (ja) | 2012-10-17 |
EP2226911A1 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
EP2226911A4 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
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