Classifications

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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
  • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D263/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D263/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D263/18—Oxygen atoms
  • C07D263/20—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2
  • C07D263/22—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
  • A61K31/4015—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. piracetam, ethosuximide
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  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
  • A61K31/4166—1,3-Diazoles having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. phenytoin
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  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
  • A61K31/4168—1,3-Diazoles having a nitrogen attached in position 2, e.g. clonidine
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/42—Oxazoles
  • A61K31/421—1,3-Oxazoles, e.g. pemoline, trimethadione
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/42—Oxazoles
  • A61K31/422—Oxazoles not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
  • A61K31/427—Thiazoles not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
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  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/433—Thidiazoles
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  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/4965—Non-condensed pyrazines
  • A61K31/497—Non-condensed pyrazines containing further heterocyclic rings
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  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/50—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
  • A61K31/501—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
  • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
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  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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  • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D207/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D207/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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  • C07D207/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D207/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D207/24—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
  • C07D207/26—2-Pyrrolidones
  • C07D207/263—2-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
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  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
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  • C07D233/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
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  • C07F7/10—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages containing nitrogen having a Si-N linkage
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  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
  • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
  • C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
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  • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
  • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D263/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members

Definitions

• This invention relates to a class of chemical compounds that inhibit cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and therefore may have utility in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
• CETP cholesterol ester transfer protein
• CHD coronary heart disease
• stroke and peripheral vascular disease represent a truly enormous burden to the health care systems of the industrialized world.
• CHD coronary heart disease
• stroke and peripheral vascular disease represent a truly enormous burden to the health care systems of the industrialized world.
• CHD coronary heart disease
• stroke and peripheral vascular disease represent a truly enormous burden to the health care systems of the industrialized world.
• CHD coronary heart disease
• stroke and peripheral vascular disease represent a truly enormous burden to the health care systems of the industrialized world.
• CHD coronary heart disease
• HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors especially the statins
• LDL-C Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol
• epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and atherosclerosis, leading to the conclusion that low serum HDL-C levels are associated with an increased risk for CHD.
• cholesteryl ester transfer protein a plasma glycoprotein that catalyzes the movement of cholesteryl esters from HDL to the apoB containing lipoproteins, especially VLDL (see Hesler, CB. , et. al. (1987) Purification and characterization of human plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein. J. Biol. Chern. 262(5), 2275-2282)).
• CETP cholesteryl ester transfer protein
• VLDL cholesteryl ester transfer protein
• CETP plays a role in reverse cholesterol transport, the process whereby cholesterol is returned to the liver from peripheral tissues.
• many animals do not possess CETP, including animals that have high HDL levels and are known to be resistant to coronary heart disease, such as rodents (see Guyard-Dangremont, V., et. al., (1998) Phospholipid and cholesteryl p st ⁇ x. transfer activities in plasma from 14 vertebrate species. Relation to atherogenesis susceptibility; c ⁇ mp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. MoI. Biol. 120(3), 517-525).
• statins such as simvastatin (ZOCOR®) represent
• statins only achieve a risk reduction of approximately one-third in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis and ensuing atherosclerotic disease events.
• pharmacologic therapies are available that favorably raise circulating levels of HDL-C.
• Certain statins and some fibrates offer modest HDL-C gains.
• Niacin which provides the most effective therapy for raising HDL-C that has been clinically documented, suffers from patient compliance issues, due in part to side effects such as flushing.
• An agent that safely and effectively raises HDL cholesterol levels can answer a significant, but as yet unmet medical need by offering a means of pharmacologic therapy that can significantly improve circulating lipid profiles through a mechanism that is complementary to existing therapies.
• Compounds having Formula I including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, are CETP inhibitors, having the utilities described below:
• X is selected from -O-, -NH-, -N(Ci-Cs alky 1)-, and -(CRR6)-;
• Each R is independently selected from the group consisting of H, -C1-C5 alkyl, and halogen, wherein -C1-C5 alkyl is optionally substituted with 1-11 halogens;
• B is selected from the group consisting of Al and A ⁇ , wherein Al has the structure:
• Rl and R6 are each independently selected from H, -C1-C5 alkyl, halogen, and -(C(R)2)nA2, wherein -C1-C5 alkyl is optionally substituted with 1-11 halogens;
• R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, -C1-C5 alkyl, halogen, Al, and -(C(R)2)nA ⁇ wherein -C1-C5 alkyl is optionally substituted with 1-11 halogens; Wherein one of B and R2 is Al; and one of B, Rl, R2, and R ⁇ is A2 or -(C(R)2)nA 2 ; so that the compound of Formula I comprises one group Al and one group A ⁇ ;
• A3 is selected from the group consisting of: (a) an aromatic ring selected from phenyl and naphthyl;
• a benzoheterocyclic ring comprising a phenyl ring fused to a 5-6-membered heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S, and optionally also having 1-2 double bonds (in addition to the double bond of the fused phenyl ring) wherein the point of attachment of A3 to the phenyl ring to which A3 is attached is a carbon atom;
• A2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• a benzoheterocyclic ring comprising a phenyl ring fused to a 5-6-membered heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S, and optionally also having 1-2 double bonds (in addition to the double bond of the fused phenyl ring);
• R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, -OH, -C1-C5 alkyl, and halogen, wherein -C1-C5 alkyl is optionally substituted with 1-11 halogens.
• Still other compounds of the invention have a structure in accordance with Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: Id
• R3 and R4 are each independently selected from H and -C1-C3 alkyl. hi many of the compounds of Formula I, Ia, Ib, Ic, and Id, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, p is 0-2.
• R7 and R.8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, -NR3R 4 , -C1-C3 alkyl, -OC1-C3 alkyl, -CN, -NO2, and pyridyl, wherein C1-C3 alkyl in all instances is optionally substituted with 1-3 halogens.
• a ⁇ is optionally substituted with 1-2 substituent groups independently selected from halogen, -C1-C4 alkyl, and -CN, wherein -C1-C4 alkyl is optionally substituted with 1-3 halogens.
• R? is selected from H, halogen, -NR3R4, -C1-C3 alkyl, -OC1-C3 alkyl, -CN, - NO2, and pyridyl, wherein C1-C3 alkyl in all instances is optionally substituted with 1-3 halogens; and
• R8 is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, -CH3, -CF3, -OCH3, and -OCF3.
• A3 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of Cl, F, -C1-C4 alkyl, and -OC1-C4 alkyl, wherein -Ci-C4 alkyl and -OC 1-C4 alkyl are optionally substituted with 1-5 F.
• a preferred subgroup of compounds has Formula Ie, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof
• X is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -NH-,
• Each R is independently selected from the group consisting of H and -CH3;
• B is selected from the group consisting of Al and A2, wherein Al has the structure:
• Rl is selected from the group consisting of H, -C1-C5 alkyl, and -(C(R)2)nA ⁇ , wherein -C1-C5 alkyl is optionally substituted with 1-11 halogens;
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H, -C1-C5 alkyl, Al, and -(C(R)2) n A2, wherein -Ci-C5alkyl is optionally substituted with 1-11 halogens;
• one of B and R.2 is Al; and one of B, Rl, and R ⁇ is A ⁇ or -(C(R)2)nA ⁇ ; so that the compound of Formula Ie comprises one group Al and one group A ⁇ ;
• A2 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, cyclohexyl, and pyridyl, wherein A2 is optionally substituted with 1-2 substituent groups independently selected from halogen, -C1-C4 alkyl, and -CN, wherein -Ci-C4 alkyl is optionally substituted with 1-3 halogens;
• Each R a is independently selected from the group consisting of -C1-C3 alkyl and halogen, wherein -C1-C3 alkyl is optionally substituted with 1-3 halogens;
• Each Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of Cl, F, -C1-C4 alkyl, and -OC1-C4 alkyl, wherein -C1-C4 alkyl and -OC1-C4 alkyl are optionally substituted with 1-5 F; n is 0 or 1; p is an integer from 0-2; and q is an integer from 0-3.
• Subsets of compounds having formula Ie include compounds of formula If, Ig, and Di, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
• Rl and R2 are each independently selected from H and -C1-C5 alkyl, wherein -C1-C5 alkyl is optionally substituted with 1-11 halogens.
• a ⁇ may be selected from the group consisting of phenyl, cyclohexyl, and pyridyl, wherein A ⁇ is optionally substituted with 1-2 substituent groups independently selected from halogen, -CH3 -CF3 , and -CN.
• each R a independently is selected from the group consisting of -CF3 and Cl.
• each Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of -C1-C3 alkyl, -OCH3, and F.
• Rl and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H and -C1-C2 alkyl.
• X is selected from -O-, -NH-, -N(CH3)-, .
• n is 0 or 1.
• p is 1.
• q is 2 or 3.
• a subset of compounds defined previously comprises compounds having formula Ii, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
• R7 is selected from the group consisting of Cl and -CF3 ;
• R c is selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CH3 -CF3 , and -CN; and t is an integer from 0-2.
• Other groups are as defined previously.
• a subset of compounds defined previously comprises compounds having formula Ij, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• R7 is selected from the group consisting of Cl and -CF3 ;
• R c is selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CH3 -CF3 , and -CN; and t is an integer from 0-2.
• Other groups are as defined previously. Definitions
• Alkyl means saturated carbon chains which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof, unless the carbon chain is defined otherwise.
• alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec- and tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and the like.
• Alkylene groups are alkyl groups that are difimctional rather than monofunctional. For example, methyl is an alkyl group and methylene (-CH/2-) is the corresponding alkylene group.
• alkenyl means carbon chains which contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond, and which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof. Examples of alkenyl include vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, and the like.
• Alkynyl means carbon chains which contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, and which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof. Examples of alkynyl include ethynyl, propargyl, 3-methyl-l-pentynyl, 2-heptynyl and the like.
• Cycloalkyl means a saturated carbocyclic ring having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, unless otherwise stated (e.g., cycloalkyl may be defined as having one or more double bonds). The term also includes a cycloalkyl ring fused to an aryl group. Examples of cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and the like. "Cycloalkenyl” means a non-aromatic carbocyclic ring having one or more double binds.
• Aryl when used to describe a substituent or group in a structure means a monocyclic or bicyclic compound in which the rings are aromatic and which contains only carbon ring atoms.
• aryl can also refer to an aryl group that is fused to a cycloalkyl or heterocycle.
• Preferred "aryls” are phenyl and naphthyl. Phenyl is generally the most preferred aryl group.
• EDC is l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide.
• Heterocyclyl means a fully or partially saturated or aromatic 5-6 membered ring containing 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, S and O, unless otherwise stated.
• “Benzoheterocycle” represents a phenyl ring fused to a 5-6-membered heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms, each of which is O, N, or S, where the heterocyclic ring may be saturated or unsaturated. Examples include indole, benzofuran, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran and quinoline.
• DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
• Halogen includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• HOBT is 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole.
• IPAC is isopropyl acetate.
• Weight amine is N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine.
• composition as in pharmaceutical composition, is intended to encompass a product comprising the active ingredient(s), and the inert ingredient(s) that make up the carrier, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination, complexation or aggregation of any two or more of the ingredients, or from dissociation of one or more of the ingredients, or from other types of reactions or interactions of one or more of the ingredients.
• pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention encompass any composition made by admixing a compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• tetrazole means a 2H-tetrazol-5-yl substituent group and tautomers thereof.
• Optical Isomers - Diastereomers - Geometric Isomers - Tautomers Compounds of Formula I may contain one or more asymmetric centers and can thus occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, diastereomeric mixtures and individual diastereomers. The present invention is meant to comprehend all such isomeric forms of the compounds of Formula I. When structures are shown with a stereochemical representation, other stereochemical structures are also included, such as enantiomers, other diastereoisomers (where diastereomers are possible), and mixtures of the enantiomers and/or diastereomers, including racemic mixtures.
• Some of the compounds described herein may contain olefmic double bonds, and unless specified otherwise, are meant to include both E and Z geometric isomers.
• keto-enol tautomers Some of the compounds described herein may exist as tautomers.
• An example is a ketone and its enol form, known as keto-enol tautomers.
• keto-enol tautomers The individual tautomers as well as mixtures thereof are encompassed with compounds of Formula I.
• enantiomers and other compounds with chiral centers may be synthesized by stereospecific synthesis using optically pure starting materials and/or reagents of known configuration.
• biphenyl and biaryl compounds herein are observed as mixtures of atropisomers (rotamers) in the NMR spectra.
• the individual atropisomers as well as mixtures thereof are encompassed with the compounds of this invention.
• salts derived from inorganic bases include aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper, ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganic salts, manganous, potassium, sodium, zinc, and the like. Particularly preferred are the ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium salts. Salts in the solid form may exist in more than one crystal structure, and may also be in the form of hydrates.
• Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, and basic ion exchange resins, such as arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline, N,N'- dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethyl-morpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylarnine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tromethamine, and the like.
• basic ion exchange resins such
• salts may be prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acids, including inorganic and organic acids.
• acids include acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the like.
• Particularly preferred are citric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, maleic, phosphoric, sulfuric, and tartaric acids.
• Therapeutically active metabolites where the metabolites themselves fall within the scope of the claimed invention, are also compounds of the current invention.
• Prodrugs which are compounds that are converted to the claimed compounds as they are being administered to a patient or after they have been administered to a patient, are also compounds of this invention.
• Compounds of the current invention are potent inhibitors of CETP. They are therefore useful in treating diseases and conditions that are treated by inhibitors of CETP.
• One aspect of the present invention provides a method for treating or reducing the risk of developing a disease or condition that may be treated or prevented by inhibition of CETP by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of this invention to a patient in need of treatment.
• a patient is a human or mammal, and is most often a human.
• a "therapeutically effective amount” is the amount of compound that is effective in obtaining a desired clinical outcome in the treatment of a specific disease.
• Diseases or conditions that may be treated with compounds of this invention, or which the patient may have a reduced risk of developing as a result of being treated with the compounds of this invention include: atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, dyslipidemia, hyperbetalipoproteinemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, familial-hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disorders, angina, ischemia, cardiac ischemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, reperfusion injury, angioplastic restenosis, hypertension, vascular complications of diabetes, obesity and endotoxemia.
• the compounds of this invention are expected to be particularly effective in raising HDL-C and/or increasing the ratio of HDL-C to LDL-C. These changes in HDL-C and LDL-C may be beneficial in treating atherosclerosis, reducing or reversing the development of atherosclerosis, reducing the risk of developing atherosclerosis, or preventing atherosclerosis.
• Any suitable route of administration may be employed for providing a mammal, especially a human, with an effective dose of a compound of the present invention.
• oral, rectal, topical, parenteral, ocular, pulmonary, nasal, and the like may be employed.
• Dosage forms include tablets, troches, dispersions, suspensions, solutions, capsules, creams, ointments, aerosols, and the like.
• compounds of Formula I are administered orally.
• the effective dosage of active ingredient employed may vary depending on the particular compound employed, the mode of administration, the condition being treated and the severity of the condition being treated. Such dosage may be ascertained readily by a person skilled in the art.
• the compounds of the present invention are administered at a daily dosage of from about 0.01 milligram to about 100 milligram per kilogram of animal or human body weight, preferably given as a single daily dose or in divided doses two to six times a day, or in sustained release form.
• the total daily dose will generally be from about 0.5 milligram to about 500 milligrams.
• the dosage for an adult human may be as low as 0.1 mg.
• the dosage regimen may be adjusted within this range or even outside of this range to provide the optimal therapeutic response.
• Oral administration will usually be carried out using tablets. Examples of doses in tablets are 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg, and 500 mg.
• Other oral forms can also have the same dosages (e.g. capsules).
• compositions which comprise a compound of Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention comprise a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient, as well as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and optionally other therapeutic ingredients.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refers to salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases or acids including inorganic bases or acids and organic bases or acids.
• a pharmaceutical composition may also comprise a prodrug, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, if a prodrug is administered.
• Pharmaceutical compositions may also consist essentially of a compound of Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier without other thereapeutic ingredients.
• the compounds of Formula I can be combined as the active ingredient in intimate admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier according to conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques.
• the carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration, e.g., oral or parenteral (including intravenous).
• any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed, such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents and the like in the case of oral liquid preparations, such as, for example, suspensions, elixirs and solutions; or carriers such as starches, sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like in the case of oral solid preparations such as, for example, powders, hard and soft capsules and tablets, with the solid oral preparations being preferred over the liquid preparations.
• oral liquid preparations such as, for example, suspensions, elixirs and solutions
• carriers such as starches, sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like in the case of oral solid preparations such as, for example, powders, hard and soft capsules and tablets, with the solid oral preparations being preferred over the liquid preparation
• tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit form in which case solid pharmaceutical carriers are obviously employed. If desired, tablets may be coated by standard aqueous or nonaqueous techniques. Such compositions and preparations should contain at least 0.1 percent of active compound. The percentage of active compound in these compositions may, of course, be varied and may conveniently be between about 2 percent to about 60 percent of the weight of the unit. The amount of active compound in such therapeutically useful compositions is such that an effective dosage will be obtained.
• the active compounds can also be administered intranasally as, for example, liquid drops or spray.
• the tablets, pills, capsules, and the like may also contain a binder such as gum tragacanth, acacia, corn starch or gelatin; excipients such as dicalcium phosphate; a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; and a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin.
• a dosage unit form is a capsule, it may contain, in addition to materials of the above type, a liquid carrier such as a fatty oil.
• Various other materials may be present as coatings or to modify the physical form of the dosage unit. For instance, tablets may be coated with shellac, sugar or both.
• a syrup or elixir may contain, in addition to the active ingredient, sucrose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propylparabens as preservatives, a dye and a flavoring such as cherry or orange flavor.
• Compounds of formula I may also be administered parenterally. Solutions or suspensions of these active compounds can be prepared in water suitably mixed with a surfactant such as hydroxypropylcellulose. Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols and mixtures thereof in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
• the pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
• the form must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
• the carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (e.g. glycerol, propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol), suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oils.
• Compounds of the invention may be used in combination with other drugs that may also be useful in the treatment or amelioration of the diseases or conditions for which compounds of Formula I are useful.
• Such other drugs may be administered, by a route and in an amount commonly used therefor, contemporaneously or sequentially with a compound of Formula I.
• Therapeutic compounds that can be administered with the compounds of this invention include compounds that are useful in improving a patient's lipid profile (i.e. raising HDL-C and lowering LDL-C).
• Preferred compound are statins, including simvastatin, lovastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin, rivastatin, itavastatin, and ZD-4522.
• statins including simvastatin, lovastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin, rivastatin, itavastatin, and ZD-4522.
• Particles used in the assay were created from the following sources: Synthetic donor HDL particles containing DOPC (Dioleoyl Phosphatidyl Choline), BODIPY®-CE (Molecular Probes C- 3927), triolein (a triglyceride), and apoHDL were essentially created by probe sonication as described by Epps et al, but with the addition of a non-diffusable quencher molecule, dabcyl dicetylamide, in order to reduce background fluorescence. Dabcyl dicetylamide was made by heating dabcyl n-succinimide with dicetylamine in DMF at 95 °C overnight in the presence of diisopropylamine catalyst.
• DOPC Dioleoyl Phosphatidyl Choline
• BODIPY®-CE Molecular Probes C- 3927
• triolein a triglyceride
• apoHDL a non-diff
• Native lipoproteins from human blood were used as acceptor particles. Particles having a density less than 1.063 g/ml were collected by ultracentrifugation. These particles include VLDL, DDL, and LDL. Particle concentrations were expressed in terms of protein concentration as determined by BCA assay (Pierce, USA). Particles were stored at 4°C until use.
• Assays were performed in Dynex Microfluor 2 U-bottom black 96-well plates (Cat #7205).
• An assay cocktail containing CETP, IX CETP buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA), and half the final concentration of acceptor particles was prepared, and 100 ⁇ L of the assay cocktail was added to each well of the plate.
• Test compounds in DMSO were added in a volume of 3 ⁇ L. The plate was mixed on a plate shaker and then incubated at 25 0 C for 1 hour.
• a second assay cocktail containing donor particles, the remaining acceptor particles and IX CETP buffer was prepared. 47 ⁇ L of the second assay cocktail was added to the reaction wells to start the assay.
• Assays were performed at 25°C in a final volume of 150 ⁇ L. Final concentrations of materials were: 5 ng/ ⁇ L donor particles, 30 ng/ ⁇ L acceptor particles (each expressed by protein content), IX CETP buffer, 0.8 nM recombinant human CETP (expressed in CHO cells and partially purified), and up to 2% DMSO when testing compounds.
• Iodides 1-3 are prepared by treatment of 1-2 with isoamylnitrite, n-pentylnitrite, t-butyl nitrite or the like in the presence of diiodomethane (see for example: Smith et al., J. Org. Chem. 55, 2543, (1990) and references cited therein) either neat or in a solvent such as THF or acetonitrile.
• the iodide can be prepared first by diazonium formation using isoamylnitrite, n-pentylnitrite, t-butyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, nitrous acid or the like followed by heating in the presence of iodine or an iodide salt such as copper iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, tetrabutylammonium iodide or the like.
• iodine or an iodide salt such as copper iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, tetrabutylammonium iodide or the like.
• Reduction of 1-3 with DBBAL in dichloromethane affords aldehyde 1-4.
• Reduction of aldehyde 1-4 with sodium borohydride or the like in methanol or ethanol or the like gives alcohol 1-5.
• nitrile 2-2 Reduction of nitrile 2-2 is accomplished with lithium aluminum hydride in diethyl ether to afford 2-aminomethyl aniline 2-3.
• the nitrile can be reduced with palladium on carbon or Raney nickel under hydrogen atmosphere in methanol, ethanol or the like.
• Other methods for reduction of a nitrile to an aminomethyl group can be found in Smith, M. B. and March, J. "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry", 5 th Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 1204 (2001) and references therein.
• the reaction may be run with or without a base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, or the like.
• a base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, or the like.
• Reduction of the ester functionality of 3-2 affords amino alcohol 3-3.
• the preferred reducing reagent is LiAlH 4 , in a solvent such as ether, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, dioxane, or the like.
• Other methods for reduction of an ester can be found in "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry" 5 th Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 1551.
• Enantiopure products may be obtained via chiral chromotography.
• the epoxide may be made from epoxidation of an olefin, cyclization of a halohydrin or 1, 2-diol, or other methods described in "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry” 5 th Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 1051.
• the preferred solvent for this reaction is isopropanol.
• the epoxide opening may be carried out in a solvent such as acetonitrile or the like with the aid of a Lewis Acid catalyst such as Yb(OTf)3 or the like.
• a solvent such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, or the like
• a base such
• aminoalcohol 4-2 can be converted to an appropriate carbamate by treatment with reagents such as dibenzyl dicarbonate or benzyl chloroformate in the presence of bases such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or the like in solvents such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane or the like.
• bases such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or the like in solvents such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane or the like.
• the carbamates can then be converted into oxazolidinones 4-3 by treating with bases like lithium-, sodium- or potassium hexamethyldisilazide in solvents like tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane or the like.
• Enantiopure products may be obtained via chiral chromatography
• Protection of the nitrogen with a BOC or Cbz group can be carried out by reaction of 5-1 with di-t-butyldicarbonate or dibenzyldicarbonate in an appropriate solvent such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, or the like.
• Alcohol 5-2 can be converted to azide 5-3 by reaction with methanesulfonyl chloride in dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, or the like in the presence of an appropriate base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N- methylmorpholine, or the like.
• the alcohol may be converted to an alternative leaving group, such as tosylate, iodide, bromide, or the like.
• the mesylate is then displaced by an azide source, such as NaN3, LiN3, BU4NN3 or the like in an appropriate solvent, such as DMF, DMPU, or the like.
• Azide 5-3 can also be prepared by treatment of alcohol 5-2 with diphenylphosphoryl azide, diethylazodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine in THF. Azide 5-3 can be reduced by hydrogenation over a metal catalyst such as Pt ⁇ 2 or Pd/C or the like in an appropriate solvent, such as EtOAc, THF,
• Enantiopure products may be obtained via chiral chromatography.
• a solvent such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, or the like
• a base such as
• the alcohol may be converted to an alternative leaving group, such as tosylate, iodide, bromide, or the like.
• the mesylate is then displaced by an azide source, such as NaN3, UN3, BU4NN3 or the like in an appropriate solvent, such as DMF, DMPU, or the like.
• Azide 7-3 can also be prepared by treatment of alcohol 5-2 with diphenylphosphoryl azide, diethylazodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine in THF.
• Azide 7-3 can be reduced to amine 7-4 with H2 over Pt ⁇ 2 with THF as a solvent when R4 is benzyl.
• Cyclization of 7-4 to imidazolidinones 7-5 is accomplished through the use of an appropriate base, such as lithium diisopropylamide or lithium-, sodium-, or potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide or the like in an appropriate solvent, such as THF, dimethoxyethane, DMF, DMA, or the like.
• an appropriate base such as lithium diisopropylamide or lithium-, sodium-, or potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide or the like
• an appropriate solvent such as THF, dimethoxyethane, DMF, DMA, or the like.
• Enantiopure products may be obtained via chiral chromatography.
• Compound 8-1 (prepared as described in Schemes 5, 6, and 7) wherein R, R a , A ⁇ , A3, p, and n are as defined in the claims can be converted to 8-2 by treatment with an appropriate alkylating agent such as an alkyl halide, alkyl tosylate, alkyl mesylate, or the like (for example methyl iodide) in an appropriate solvent such as THF, dimethoxyethane, DMF, DMA, or the like, in the presence of an appropriate base, such as lithium diisopropylamide or lithium-, sodium-, or potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide or the like.
• an appropriate alkylating agent such as an alkyl halide, alkyl tosylate, alkyl mesylate, or the like (for example methyl iodide) in an appropriate solvent such as THF, dimethoxyethane, DMF, DMA, or the like
• an appropriate base such as lithium diisopropyl
• Benzoic acids 9-2 can be reduced to benzyl alcohols 9-3 with reducing agents such as borane in solvents such as tetrahydrofuran or the like(See: Smith, M. B. and March, J. "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry", 5 th Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 1549 (2001) and references therein).
• 9-2 can be esterified by known methods including treatment with trimethylsilyldiazomethane and the resulting ester reduced to alcohol 9-3 with L1AIH4 or the like.
• Intermediates 9-3 can be transformed into benzyl bromides 9-4 using reagents such as triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrabromide in solvents such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane or the like (See: Smith, M. B. and March, J. "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry", 5 th Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 518-519 (2001) and references therein).
• solvents such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane or the like
• Nitroalcohols 10-2 can be reduced to aminoalcohols 10-3 with reductants such as Raney nickel, palladium on activated carbon or platinum oxide in the presence of hydrogen gas and aqueous acid in alcoholic solvents such as methanol, ethanol or the like (See: Langer, O., et ah, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2001, 9, 677-694).
• reductants such as Raney nickel, palladium on activated carbon or platinum oxide
• bases such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or the like in solvents like dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane or the like.
• Compounds 13-4 are then prepared via a Suzuki or Stille reaction or variation thereof employing palladium catalyzed cross coupling of iodide 13-3 with an appropriately substituted aryl- or heteroaryl-boronic acid, -boronate ester or -trialkyl tin as described in Miyaua et al., Chem. Rev. 95, 2457 (1995) and references cited within and as described in Smith, M. B. and March, J. "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry", 5 th Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 868-869 (2001) and references cited therein.
• 2-Amino-l-phenylethanols 14-3 can be prepared from 14-2 via the corresponding silylated cyanohydrin by treatment with trimethylsilyl cyanide and catalytic zinc iodide followed by reduction with lithium aluminum hydride or the like reducing agent.
• 2-amino-l-phenylethanols 14-3 can be prepared from 14-2 via the corresponding cyanohydrin by treatment with potassium cyanide followed by reduction.
• Oxazolidinones 14-4 can be alkylated with alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl bromides using bases such as sodium hexamethyldisiliazide or sodium hydride in solvents like tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether or the like to afford products 14-5.
• Enantiopure products may be obtained via chiral chromatography.
• Nitroalcohols 15-2 can be reduced to aminoalcohols 15-3 with reductants such as Raney nickel, palladium on activated carbon, or platinum oxide in the presence of hydrogen gas and aqueous acid in alcoholic solvents such as methanol, ethanol or the like (See: Langer, O., et al., Bioorg. Med. Chenu, 2001, 9, 677-694).
• reductants such as Raney nickel, palladium on activated carbon, or platinum oxide
• alcoholic solvents such as methanol, ethanol or the like
• bases such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or the like in solvents like dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane or the like.
• Oxazolidinones 15-5 are prepared via a Suzuki or Stille reaction or variation thereof employing palladium catalyzed cross coupling of iodides 15-4 with appropriately substituted aryl- or heteroaryl- boronic acids, -boronate esters or -trialkyl tin compounds, as described in Miyaura et al., Chem. Rev. 95, 2457 (1995) and references cited within, and as described in Smith, M. B. and March, J. "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry", 5 th Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 868-869 (2001) and references cited therein.
• Oxazolidinones 15-5 can be alkylated with alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl bromides using bases such as sodium hexamethyldisiliazide or sodium hydride in solvents like tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether or the like to afford products 15-6.
• Enantiopure products may be obtained via chiral chromatography.
• Compounds 16-2 can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding acids and then treated with diphenylphosphorazidate and a trialkylamine base to effect a Curtius rearrangement, affording chiral oxazolidinones 16-3.
• Oxazolidinones 16-4 are prepared via a Suzuki or Stille reaction or variation thereof employing palladium catalyzed cross coupling of iodides 16-3 with appropriately substituted aryl- or heteroaryl-boronic acids, -boronate esters or -trialkyl tin compounds, as described in Miyaura et al., Chem. Rev. 95, 2457 (1995) and references cited within, and as described in Smith, M. B. and March, J.
• Oxazolidinones 16-4 can be alkylated with alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl bromides using bases such as sodium hexamethyldisiliazide or sodium hydride in solvents like tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether or the like to afford products 16-5.
• oxazolidinones 16-3 are alkylated with the appropriate bromides to afford compounds 16-6, which are subjected to a Suzuki or Stille reaction or variation thereof with appropriately substituted aryl- or heteroaryl-boronic acids, -boronate esters or -trialkyl tin compounds to afford products 16-5.
• Step A methyl r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyri(hvdroxy)acetate
• Step B methyl r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyll(bromo)acetate
• Step C methvir3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyll( ⁇ r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2- yll methyl 1 amino)acetate
• Step D 2-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyll-2-( ⁇ r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2- yllmethyl I amino)ethanol
• Step E 4-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyll-3-lf5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2- y limethy 11-1,3 -oxazolidin-2-one
• phosgene 21 ⁇ L of a 20% solution in toluene, ⁇ 0.0535 mmol
• CH2CI2 0.5 mL
• 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-( ⁇ [5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2- yl]methyl ⁇ amino)ethanol 3. mg, 0.00535 mmol
• CH2CI2 0.5 mL
• Step A 2-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl ' )phenylloxirane
• NaH 1.09 g of 60% NaH, 27.27 mmol
• DMSO 90 mL
• trimethylsulfoxonium iodide 7.0 g, 31.82 mmol
• the reaction was stirred for 5 minutes and then 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (1.5 mL, 9.09 mmol) was added as a solution in DMSO (15 mL).
• the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and then poured into ice/water (300 mL). The mixture was extracted with pentanes (3 x 150 mL).
• Step B l-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1-2-( ⁇ r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2- yll methyl ) amino)ethanol
• Step C 5-[3.5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyll-3-(r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-rtrifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2- yll methyl ⁇ - 1 ,3-oxazolidin-2-one
• the 2 enantiomers could be separated by chiral HPLC using 15% EPA/heptanes and an AD chiral column.
• Step A 2-(
• Step B Benzyl (2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-2-ylethyl) ⁇ r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2- ylimethyl ) carbamate
• Step C 3-ir5'-Isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-vnmethyl
• a solution of potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (464 ⁇ L of a 0.5M solution in toluene, 0.232 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of benzyl (2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-2-ylethyl) ⁇ [5'-isopropyl-2'- methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]methyl ⁇ carbamate (134.3 mg, 0.232 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) at room temperature under N2- After stirring at room temperature for 1 h, the reaction was quenched with saturated NH4CI (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL).
• This compound was separated into its two enantiomers (4S, 5R)-5-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-l,3-oxazolidin-2-one and (4R, 5S)-5-[3,5- bistrifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-l,3-oxazolidin-2-one using chiral HPLC (AS column, 20 x 250 mm, 15% ⁇ -PrOH in heptane).
• the Weinreb amide from Step 1 (6kg, 22.5 mol) and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)bromobenzene (4.85L, 28.1 mol) are dissolved in anhydrous THF (24L).
• the solution is purged with nitrogen to remove distilled oxygen.
• the solution is cooled to -1O 0 C and iso-PrMgCl in THF (56.4 mol) is slowly added (2 hours) to the reaction via addition funnel, maintaining a reaction temperature ⁇ - 5 0 C.
• the solution is allowed to warm to 20 0 C and aged overnight at 20° C.
• the reaction is then cooled to -10 0 C under nitrogen and is quenched slowly over 2 hours into 5N HCl (14L) that is maintained at 0-5 0 C.
• MTBE 60L is added and the biphasic mixture is agitated for 5 min. After warming to 20°-25°C, it is allowed to settle for 30 min, and then the layers are separated. The organic layer is washe
• the organic layer is vacuum transferred through a 1 -micron in-line PTFE filter into a distillation flask and is then concentrated to ⁇ 12L under vacuum (internal temperature ⁇ 40°C). Heptane is added and the distillation is continued under vacuum at 40°-55°C until the final volume is 4OL.
• the solution is cooled to 35°-37°C , seeded (-0.5%, 30gms) and then aged for 30min to allow for a full seed bed to grow.
• the slurry is cooled to 10°C over 2-3 hrs.
• the slurry is then filtered, washed with 5°C heptane (18L), and allowed to dry fully on the Filter pot using a vacuum/nitrogen sweep overnight.
• the dried solid is obtained with >99.9ee%.
• the amide can be recrystallized from straight heptane if the optical purity is not sufficient.
• TFA (9L) is added to a 100 L Buchi reactor under an inert atmosphere and is cooled to -5°C.
• the ketone product from Step 2 (5.50 kg, 13.1 mol) is added as a solid followed by a TFA rinse (2
• the reaction is quenched with ⁇ 2 L of the 50w/w% KOH solution with vigorous stirring and cooling, keeping temp at -20 0 C.
• Cold THF (16.5L, previously stored in freezer) is added, followed by slow addition of the remainder of the KOH solution (-13.7 L), followed by a 2 L water rinse while keeping temp ⁇ 20 0 C.
• the reaction is aged at room temperature.
• the reaction is quenched after 3 h with 27.5 L PAC and 20 L 20%w/v aq NaCl.
• the aqueous and organic layers are separated.
• the organic layer is washed with 26 L of 20%w/v aq NaCl, then with 36 L water, then with 31 L 0.5 N HCl, and finally with 32 L of water.
• the organic layer is concentrated to -10 L.
• Heptane (20 L) is added, yielding crystals.
• the organic layer is concentrated to -10 L.
• Heptane (20L) is added again, and the organic layer is concentrated to -10 L.
• Heptane (22 L) is added and the slurry is aged at rt.
• the solid is filtered and washed with 24 L heptane.
• a solid product is obtained (98.8% purity, >99.95%ee, by LC).
• the solid is then re-dissolved in 12.5 L MeOH (endothermic). At rt, 3 L water is added, and the mixture is aged to initiate crystallization. Water (9.5 L) is added over ⁇ 60min at rt. After aging for 60min, the slurry is filtered and the solid is washed with 5 L MeOH/water (1/1.5), 5 L MeOH/water (1/4) and then 4 L water. The solid product is dried at 50° C under vacuum (99.9% pure by LC, >99.95%ee).
• Step A terf-butyl ⁇ 2-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyll-2-hydroxyethylH r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-
• Step B l-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyll-2-((ferf-butoxycarbonyl) ⁇ r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4- (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-vnmethyl I amincOethyl methanesulfonate
• Step C terf-butvH 2-azido-2-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyllethyl I ⁇ r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4- (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-vnmethyl 1 carbamate
• Step D mixture of fers-butyl
• Step E l-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyll- N 2 - ⁇ r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyDbiphenyl-2- y 11 methyl ⁇ ethane- 1 ,2-diamine
• tert-butyl ⁇ 2-amino-2-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ⁇ [5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2- yl]methyl ⁇ carbamate and tert-butyl [l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-( ⁇ [5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4- (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]methyl ⁇ amino)ethyl]carbamate in CH
• Step F 4-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyll-l- ⁇ r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2- yll methyl ) imidazolidin-2-one
• the two enantiomers of this compound could be separated using an AD chiral column with 5% ⁇ Wheptanes.
• Step A ferf-butyl l(li?)-2-hydroxy-l-phenylethy 11 carbamate
• Step B fe?t-butyl r(l/?)-2-oxo-l-phenylethvHcarbamate
• CH2CI2 20 mL
• Dess-Martin periodinane 447 mg, 1.05 mmol
• the reaction was stirred at 0 0 C for 15 minutes and then at room temperature for 30 minutes.
• the reaction was then diluted with EtOAc (75 mL) and washed rapidly with 10% K2CO3 (2 x 30 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated.
• Step C fer?-butyir(li?)-2-( ⁇ r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-vnmethyl)amino)-l- phenylethyll carbamate
• Step D (lJ?)-N2- ⁇ r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl ' )biphenyl-2-yllmethyl
• Step E (4i?)-l- ⁇ r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-vnmethyl)-4- phenylimidazolidin-2-one.
• Step B benzyl r2-(4-chlorophenylV2-hydroxyethyni r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4- (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-vH methyl I carbamate
• Step C benzyl r2-azido-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyn I r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl- 2-yll methyl ⁇ carbamate
• Step D benzyl r2-amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl] I r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl- 2-yllmethyl ⁇ carbamate
• benzyl [2-azido-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl] ⁇ [5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4- (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]methyl ⁇ carbamate (30 mg, 0.05 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added Pt ⁇ 2 (8 mg) and the reaction was stirred at room temperature under hydrogen for 1 hour.
• Step E 4-(4-chlorophenvD-l-i r5'4sopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2- ylimethyl ⁇ imidazolidin-2-one
• Step B 5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluorornethyl')biphenyl-2-carbaldehvde
• a solution of 0.725 g of [5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]methanol in 10 mL of CH2CI2 was added 1.14 g of Dess-Martin periodinane. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, then filtered and concentrated.
• Step C 2-amino-l-r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl1ethanol
• a solution of 0.679 g of 5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-carbaldehyde in 1.5 mL of CH2CI2 was added ca. 5 mg of Znl2, then 0.23 g of trimethylsilyl cyanide.
• the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h, and then partitioned between 15 mL of water and 10 mL of Et2 ⁇ .
• the aqueous phase was extracted with 2 x 10 mL of Et2 ⁇ .
• Step D 5-r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yll-l ,3-oxazolidin ⁇ 2-one
• Step B (4S)-4-benzyl-3-ir5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromehtyl)biphenyl-2-vnmethyl ⁇ -13- oxazolidin-2-one.
• the ether layer was then dried over anhydrous MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated.
• the material is chromatographed on SiO 2 using a step gradient of 1:3 CH 2 Cl 2 /hexanes, then 1: 1 CH 2 Cl 2 /hexanes, then 100% CH 2 Cl 2 to afford [2-iodo-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanol as a white solid.
• Carbon tetrabromide (1.86 g; 5.6 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (1.47 g; 5.6 mmol) were added successively to a stirred solution of [2-iodo-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanol (1.13 g; 3.74 mmol) in CH2CI2 (25 mL) at 0°C under N2.
• the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 48 h.
• a second equivalent of carbon tetrabromide (1.2 g; 3.74 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (0.98 g; 3.74 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred an additional 14 h.
• the racemic material was separated by chiral HPLC using 15% IP A/heptane and an OD column into its two enantiomers.
• Step l (4S,5R)-5-r3.5-bis(trifluoromethvDphenyll-3-12-iodo-5-(trifluoromethyDbenzyll-4-methyl-L3- oxazolidin-2-one
• Step 2 (4S,5R)-5-r3.5-bis(trifluorometr ⁇ vnphenyl1-3- ⁇ r4'-fluoro-5'isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4- (trifluoromethyDbiphenyl-2-yll methyl ⁇ -4-methyl- 1 ,3 -oxazolidin-2-one
• Step A (4S,5S)-5-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyri-3- ⁇ r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-
• Step B (15,2.y)-l-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyll-2-(( r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4- (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yllmethyl ⁇ amino)propan-l-ol.
• Step C fer?-butyl ⁇ (l l S,25)-2-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyn-2-hydroxy-l-methylethy ⁇ r5'-isopropyl-
• Step D fe?t-butyl ⁇ (l l S,2J?)-2-azido-2-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenvn-l-methylethyll ⁇ r5'-isopropyl-2'- methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yllmethyl ⁇ carbamate.
• Step E (IR, 2SVl-azido4-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1-N- ⁇ r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-
• Step F (lR,2S)-l-r3,5-bis(ttifluoromethvDphenyri-N 2 - ⁇ r5'-iso ⁇ ro ⁇ yl-2'-methoxy-4- (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yllmethyllpropane-l,2-diamine.
• Step G (4R,5S)-4-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1-l-l r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-
• Reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature for one hour, quenched with acetic acid ( ⁇ 80ml) where color change was observed from yellow to off white and stirred for 30 minutes (pH ⁇ 7)(slight exotherm noted).
• the mixture was concentrated to a slush, diluted with 7:2 hexane:ethyl acetate, and was allowed to sit overnight. Solids were removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated to yellow oil.
• the title compound was obtained after flash column using 9: 1 hexane:ethyl as the eluant.
• Step B (4S,5R)-5-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenvn-3-(2-bromo-5-chlorobenzyl)-4-methyl-l,3-oxazolidin-
• trans-3-r3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyll-5-r5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yll-4- methyl-l,3-oxazolidin-2-one (racemic)
• Step B (4i?,5 J R)-5-[2-iodo-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl- 1 ,3-oxazolidin-2-one
• Step B (45,55)-5-[2-iodo-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-l ,3-oxazolidin-2-one

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• Cardiology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Obesity (AREA)
• Vascular Medicine (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
• Endocrinology (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
• Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
• Pyrrole Compounds (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Nitrogen- Or Sulfur-Containing Heterocyclic Ring Compounds With Rings Of Six Or More Members (AREA)
• Thiazole And Isothizaole Compounds (AREA)
• Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
• Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)

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• 2009
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• 2015
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