WO2005090417A1 - 吸放湿性超微粒子及び該超微粒子を用いた製品 - Google Patents
吸放湿性超微粒子及び該超微粒子を用いた製品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005090417A1 WO2005090417A1 PCT/JP2004/017158 JP2004017158W WO2005090417A1 WO 2005090417 A1 WO2005090417 A1 WO 2005090417A1 JP 2004017158 W JP2004017158 W JP 2004017158W WO 2005090417 A1 WO2005090417 A1 WO 2005090417A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/28—Selection of materials for use as drying agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/261—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/265—Synthetic macromolecular compounds modified or post-treated polymers
- B01J20/267—Cross-linked polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/12—Hydrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/44—Preparation of metal salts or ammonium salts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
- F24F3/1423—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with a moving bed of solid desiccants, e.g. a rotary wheel supporting solid desiccants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2810/00—Chemical modification of a polymer
- C08F2810/20—Chemical modification of a polymer leading to a crosslinking, either explicitly or inherently
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
- F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
- F24F2203/1032—Desiccant wheel
- F24F2203/1036—Details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
- F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
- F24F2203/1068—Rotary wheel comprising one rotor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/909—Polymerization characterized by particle size of product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particles having high hygroscopicity and moisture releasing performance and particularly excellent in moisture absorption rate, and products using the ultrafine particles.
- hygroscopic agents such as lithium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and phosphorus pentoxide, which have a large amount of moisture absorption and a high moisture absorption rate, have been used. Since these hygroscopic agents are deliquescent, they liquefy after moisture absorption and contaminate others, corrode metals, etc., have poor form stability and are difficult to form into molded products, and have too high hygroscopicity. It has poor moisture release properties and cannot be used repeatedly, and has the following disadvantages.
- a hygroscopic agent such as silica gel, zeolite, sodium sulfate, activated alumina, and activated carbon can be used repeatedly because it has a hygroscopic property and a moisture releasing property, and some of the above problems have been solved.
- a hygroscopic agent such as silica gel, zeolite, sodium sulfate, activated alumina, and activated carbon can be used repeatedly because it has a hygroscopic property and a moisture releasing property, and some of the above problems have been solved.
- disadvantages such as low moisture absorption, high temperature for regeneration, crushing and pulverization due to repeated moisture absorption and desorption, large specific gravity, and difficulty in mixing with resin.
- a water absorbent resin represented by a polyacrylate type is sometimes used.
- the water-absorbing ability of liquid water is very good, but the moisture-absorbing performance of gaseous moisture is inferior to that of the above-mentioned inorganic hygroscopic agent, which is low.
- the specific problems are that water retention is high and moisture is hardly released, and although the moisture absorption capacity is high at a relative humidity close to saturation, the moisture absorption capacity at a lower relative humidity is extremely low.
- it is tacky and has a large volume change due to moisture absorption or water absorption, and the moisture absorption rate in question is extremely slow.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a highly moisture-absorbing and desorbing fiber made of an organic polymer
- Patent Document 2 proposes an organic moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particle, which solves the problem of high saturated moisture absorption performance. Gives one answer. However, the moisture absorption performance in a short time has not been improved, and it is pointed out that the moisture absorption rate is still low as a problem.
- Patent Document 6 describes a moisture-absorbing / desorbing polymer having a potassium salt-type carboxyl group and excellent in moisture-absorbing / desorbing speed. Even though the diameter was small, it was only about several / zm and was not obtained, and it did not have sufficient capacity for the high level required for practical use.
- Patent Document 7 also exemplifies a material in which moisture-absorbing and desorbing fine particles are added to a paint. The main component is a paint, and the moisture-absorbing and desorbing fine particles are used as an additive. As a result, the moisture-absorbing / desorbing fine particles are covered with the paint, which hinders direct contact with moisture or air for regeneration, making it difficult to exhibit high moisture-absorbing and releasing properties.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-5-132858
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-8-225610
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-5-105704
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-2000-17101
- Patent Document 5 JP-A-10-237126
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-11320
- Patent Document 7 JP-A-2003-231863
- An object of the present invention is to provide moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particles having high, moisture-absorbing and moisture-releasing properties and capable of exhibiting the moisture-absorbing and moisture-releasing performance in a short time, that is, having excellent moisture-absorbing and desorbing rates.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a product using the ultrafine particles.
- the present inventor has focused on the moisture absorption / desorption performance of the moisture absorption / desorption material, particularly on the moisture absorption / desorption speed, and has continued intensive research. As a result, focusing on the fact that the particle size of the moisture absorbing and releasing material has a large effect on the moisture absorbing and releasing rate, we set the particle size below a certain level and carried out crosslinking to prevent fusion due to cohesive force that prevents the development of surface functions. Excellent moisture absorption and moisture release speed by the introduction It has been found that the organic polymer has a high degree of strength, and the present invention has been completed.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particle comprising a crosslinked polymer containing 1.0 to 10. Omeq Zg as a polar group and having an average primary particle diameter of 0.2 m.
- the following is achieved by the moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particles, wherein the saturated moisture absorption at 20 ° C, 65% RH and 90% RH is not less than 20% by weight and not less than 40% by weight, respectively.
- the ultra-fine moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particles include a moisture-absorbing and desorbing sheet in which the particles are fixed on a substrate, a moisture-absorbing and desorbing element obtained by laminating the sheets, and an element having the element as one element.
- a dehumidifier it is used in fields that require a high rate of moisture absorption and desorption.
- a device, an apparatus, and a system that perform dehumidification by repeating moisture absorption and desorption can provide a high moisture absorption rate of the material. This contributes to improving the dehumidifying performance, improving the efficiency, and reducing the size of the equipment. In addition, as a result of improved performance, much energy has been required for dehumidification and regeneration, so that it is now possible to obtain the same performance with a small amount of energy, resulting in an energy saving effect. It is now possible to do things.
- FIG. 1 is a corrugated single-stage sheet made of the moisture-absorbing and releasing sheet of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a honeycomb-shaped moisture-absorbing / desorbing element comprising the moisture-absorbing / desorbing sheet of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a hygroscopic rotor formed of a corrugated hygroscopic element made of the hygroscopic sheet of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a humidifying and dehumidifying apparatus using a moisture absorbing / releasing rotor made of the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a moisture-absorbing / desorbing element in which single-stage corrugated sheets made of the moisture-absorbing / desorbing sheet of the present invention are laminated so that the ventilation directions are the same.
- FIG. 6 shows a moisture-absorbing / desorbing element in which single-stage corrugated sheets made of the moisture-absorbing / desorbing sheet of the present invention are laminated so as to have different ventilation directions.
- FIG. 7 is a batch switching type humidifying / dehumidifying apparatus using moisture-absorbing / desorbing elements stacked so that the ventilation directions are the same according to the present invention.
- the hygroscopic ultrafine particles of the present invention need to be composed of a crosslinked polymer, that is, a polymer having a salt-type carboxyl group of 1.0 to 10. OmeqZg and having a crosslinked structure.
- a crosslinked polymer that is, a polymer having a salt-type carboxyl group of 1.0 to 10. OmeqZg and having a crosslinked structure.
- the salt-type carboxyl group is a highly hydrophilic polar group for exhibiting hygroscopicity, and it is preferable to contain as much of the group as possible when obtaining high hygroscopicity.
- the hygroscopic performance is reduced, especially when the amount is less than 1.0 meqZg. In the case, the obtained hygroscopic property is inferior to the above-mentioned inorganic hygroscopic agent. Loses practical value.
- the amount of the salt-type carboxyl group is 3.OmeqZg or more, the superiority of the hygroscopic performance becomes remarkable as compared with other existing hygroscopic materials, which is more preferable and often gives a result.
- the type of the salt of the salt-type carboxyl group is not particularly limited as long as it forms a salt structure with the carboxyl group.
- alkali metals such as Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs
- g alkaline earth metals such as Ca, Sr, and Ba
- other metals such as Cu, Zn, Al, Mn, Ag, Fe, Co, and Ni
- organic cations such as NH + and aminy conjugates And the like.
- K which is particularly effective in improving the moisture absorption / release rate, is more preferable.
- two or more of the above salts can be used simultaneously.
- the method for introducing a salt-type carboxyl group is not particularly limited.
- a monomer having a salt-type carboxyl group may be homopolymerized or copolymerized with another copolymerizable monomer.
- Method 1 a method of obtaining a polymer having a carboxyl group and then converting it to a salt form
- Method 2 a method of obtaining a polymer having a functional group capable of being derivatized into a carboxyl group.
- Method 3 A method of polymerizing the polymer and converting the functional group of the obtained polymer to a carboxyl group by chemical modification and further converting it to a salt form (Method 3), or a method of performing the above Method 3 by graft polymerization, etc. No.
- the method of polymerizing a monomer having a salt-type carboxyl group in the first method includes, for example, a method containing a carboxyl group such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, and butylpropionic acid.
- a carboxyl group such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, and butylpropionic acid.
- the monomer corresponding to the corresponding salt type monomer alone, or two or more of these monomers, or a mixture of the same type but a carboxylic acid type and a corresponding salt type is polymerized.
- a method based on copolymerization of a monomer with another monomer copolymerizable with the monomer is exemplified.
- the second method of obtaining a polymer having a carboxyl group and then converting it to a salt form includes, for example, a homopolymer of an acid type monomer having a carboxyl group as described above, Ah Alternatively, this is a method in which a copolymer of two or more kinds or a copolymer with another copolymerizable monomer is obtained by polymerization and then converted to a salt form.
- the method for converting a carboxyl group to a salt form is not particularly limited.
- Alkali metal ions such as Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba Alkaline earth metal ions such as Cu, Zn, Al, Mn, Ag, Fe, Co, Ni and other metal ions, NH + and organic compounds such as amine compounds
- It can be converted by a method such as performing ion exchange by applying a solution containing ON.
- the method of introducing a carboxyl group into the third chemical modification method includes, for example, a homopolymer of a monomer having a functional group capable of being modified into a carboxyl group by a diagonal modification treatment, There is a method in which a copolymer of two or more kinds or a copolymer with another copolymerizable monomer is polymerized, and the obtained polymer is modified into a carboxyl group by hydrolysis. If the salt is not in the salt form, the above-mentioned method for converting the carboxyl group into a salt is applied.
- Monomers having a tolyl group such as Atari-tolyl and methallyl-tolyl; acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, and butylpropione.
- examples thereof include anhydrides, ester derivatives, amide derivatives, and cross-linkable ester derivatives of monomers having a carboxylic acid group such as an acid.
- anhydride examples include maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, methacrylic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, N-phenylmaleimide, N-cyclomaleimide and the like.
- ester derivative examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, lauryl, pentadecyl, cetyl, stearyl, behyl, 2-ethylhexyl, isodecyl, isoamyl and the like.
- Alkyl ester derivatives methoxyethylene glycol, ethoxyethylene glycol, methoxypolyethylene glycol, ethoxypolyethylene glycolone, polyethylene glycol, methoxypropylene glycol, propylene glycol, methoxypolypropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, methoxypolytetraethylenedalicol, polytetraethylenedalicol , Polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol-polytetraethylene glycol, polyethylene Len glycol-polypropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol-polytetra Alkyl ether ester derivatives such as ethylene glycol and butoxyshethyl; cyclic compound ester derivatives such as cyclohexyl, tetrahydrofurfuryl, benzyl, phenoxethyl, phenoxypolyethylene glycol, isobutyl, neopentyl glycol benzoate; hydroxy
- Ethylene glycol di (meth) atalylate polyethylene dalcol di (meth) atalylate, 1,4-butanediol di (meth) atalylate, 1,3-butanediol di (meth) atalylate, 1 , 6-Hexanediol (meth) acrylate, 1, 9-nonanediol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexane ( Meth) acrylate, glycerin dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3 atalyloxypropyl (meth) acrylate, bisphenol A diethylene glycol with ethylene oxide di (meth) acrylate, bisphenol A propylene oxide Additives di (meth) atalylate, neopentyldaricole
- amide derivatives examples include amide derivatives such as (meth) acrylamide, dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, monoethyl (meth) acrylamide, n-butyl (meth) acrylamide, and t-butyl (meth) acrylamide.
- Other methods for introducing carboxyl groups by chemical modification include oxidation of alkenes, alkyl halides, alcohols, aldehydes, etc. You can do it.
- the method of introducing a salt-type carboxyl group by a hydrolysis reaction of a polymer in the above-mentioned third method is not particularly limited, and known hydrolysis conditions can be used.
- a salt-type carboxyl group is introduced into a crosslinked polymer obtained by polymerizing the above-mentioned monomer using a basic aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide, for example, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or ammonia.
- a hydrolysis method using potassium hydroxide is preferable, since a potassium salt-type carboxyl group having an excellent moisture absorption rate can be easily obtained.
- the condition of 1.0-10 Omeq / g is determined by clarifying the relationship between reaction factors such as reaction temperature, concentration, and time and the amount of introduced salt-type carboxyl groups by experiments. be able to.
- Other monomers copolymerizable with the above-mentioned monomers described in the above polymerization method are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, and vinyl fluoride.
- N-containing conjugates or their salts, anhydrides, derivatives thereof, etc . styrenes such as styrene, methylstyrene, chlorostyrene and the like, and alkyl or halogen-substituted products thereof; aryl alcohols and their esters or ethers; -Bulmimides such as bi-phthalphthalimide and N-bulsuccinoimide; bulpyridine, bulimidazole, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N-bulpyrrolidone, and N-bilka Basic bur compounds such as rubazole and bulpyridine; unsaturated aldehydes such as acrolein and methacryloline; glycidyl methacrylate, N-methylol acrylamide, hydroxyxetyl methacrylate, triallyl isocyanurate, and triaryl cyanide Examples include crosslinkable vinyl conjugates such as nurate and divinylbenzene.
- the moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particles be a crosslinked polymer having a crosslinked structure in order to exhibit a high and high moisture absorption rate and to maintain shape stability during moisture absorption.
- This crosslinked structure is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the moisture absorption / desorption performance aimed at by the present invention and the performance of a product that has the performance, and the crosslinking by covalent bonds, ionic crosslinking, and intermolecular intermolecular bonding are not particularly limited. Any structure such as crosslinking by action or crystal structure may be used.
- the method for introducing cross-linking is not particularly limited.
- a method for introducing cross-linking by copolymerizing a cross-linkable monomer, or the above-mentioned monomer is first polymerized. Then, a post-crosslinking method such as introduction of a crosslinked structure by a chemical reaction or by physical energy can be used.
- a post-crosslinking method such as introduction of a crosslinked structure by a chemical reaction or by physical energy can be used.
- the method of using a crosslinkable monomer in the polymerization step of the monomer or the method of chemically post-crosslinking after obtaining the polymer can introduce strong crosslinkage by covalent bonds. Yes, preferred because it is less susceptible to physical and chemical denaturation due to moisture absorption and release
- the above-mentioned crosslinkable vinyl conjugate is used and copolymerized with a monomer having a carboxyl group or capable of being modified into a carboxyl group.
- a crosslinked polymer having a crosslinked structure based on a covalent bond can be obtained.
- the polymer is not affected by the acidic conditions shown by the monomeric acrylic acid or the like, or by the chemical influence (for example, hydrolysis) when modifying the carboxyl group in the polymer.
- it must be a crosslinkable monomer.
- Crosslinkable monomers that can be used in the method of using a crosslinkable monomer in the monomer polymerization step include glycidyl methacrylate, N-methylol acrylamide, triallyl isocyanurate, and triaryl cyanurate.
- Cross-linkable polymers such as dimethylbenzene, dibutylbenzene, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, and methylenebisacrylamide.
- a cross-linked structure of triallyl isocyanurate, triaryl cyanurate, dibutylbenzene, or methylenebisacrylamide introduces a carboxyl group to be applied to a cross-linked polymer containing them. It is desirable because it is chemically stable during hydrolysis and the like.
- the post-crosslinking method is not particularly limited.
- the content of a vinyl monomer having a nitrile group is 50% by weight or more, the -tolyl group contained in a tolyl-based polymer, and a hydrazine-based compound.
- a post-crosslinking method of reacting formaldehyde can be used.
- the method using a hydrazine-based compound is stable to acids and alkalis, and can contribute to improvement in hygroscopicity because the formed cross-linking structure itself is hydrophilic. It is extremely excellent in that it can introduce a strong crosslink that can maintain such a form.
- the details of the crosslinked structure obtained by the reaction have not been identified, but are presumed to be based on a triazole ring or a tetrazole ring structure.
- butyl monomer having a -tolyl group used herein is not particularly limited as long as it has a nitrile group. Specifically, acrylonitrile, metathali-tolyl, ethatalonitrile, cycloacrylonitrile, ⁇ - Fluoroacrylonitrile, bi-lidene cyanide and the like. Above all, it is advantageous in terms of cost, has a large amount of ditrinole groups per unit weight, and is most preferably acrylonitrile.
- the method of introducing a cross-link by reaction with a hydrazine-based compound is not particularly limited as long as a desired cross-linked structure can be obtained.
- the concentration of the acrylonitrile-based polymer and the hydrazine-based compound at the time of the reaction is not limited.
- the solvent to be used, the reaction time, the reaction temperature, and the like can be appropriately selected as needed.
- the reaction temperature if the temperature is too low, the reaction rate will be slow and the reaction time will be too long. If the temperature is too high, the plasticity of the raw material acrylonitrile-based polymer will occur, and There may be a problem that the attached form is destroyed.
- the preferred reaction temperature is 50-150 ° C, more preferably 80-120 ° C.
- the part of the Atari-mouth nitrile-based polymer to be reacted with the hydrazine-based compound is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on its use and the form of the polymer. Specifically, reacting only on the surface of the polymer, Alternatively, the reaction can be appropriately selected such that the reaction is performed up to the core portion as a whole, or the reaction is performed by limiting a specific portion.
- the hydrazine compounds used herein include hydrazine, such as hydrohydrazine, hydrazine sulfate, hydrazine hydrochloride, hydrazine nitrate, hydrazine bromate, and hydrazine carbonate; and ethylenediamine, guanidine sulfate, guadine hydrochloride, and the like. Hydrazine derivatives such as guanidine nitrate, guadin phosphate and melamine.
- the average primary particle diameter of the moisture absorption / desorption ultrafine particles needs to be 0.2 m or less.
- the term “average primary particle size” as used herein refers to the average particle size of the hygroscopic ultrafine particles in a state where no association or aggregation has occurred (primary particles).
- the particle diameter is larger than 0.2 m, the following two points are not preferred: (1) The specific surface area is reduced, and the amount of surface adsorption that contributes to the improvement of the moisture absorption rate is reduced. (2) Since the radius is large, the movement time of the water molecule to the center of the particle becomes long. For this reason, in a very short time, the water molecules cannot move to the center of the particles, and the center does not contribute to the moisture absorption rate, and the inherent moisture absorption ability cannot be exhibited.
- the saturated moisture absorption must be at least 20% and 40% by weight at 20 ° C, 65% RH (relative humidity) and 90% RH, respectively. is there. If the value of the saturated moisture absorption rate is less than 20% by weight and 40% by weight at each relative humidity, the basic performance is low moisture absorption performance, and as a result, the moisture release performance is also poor. Can not achieve.
- the saturated moisture absorption refers to a moisture absorption in a saturated state at a constant temperature and humidity.
- the moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particles of the present invention are not limited to containing a polar group other than the above-mentioned salt-type carboxyl group. It is not a salt type, but carboxylic acid groups as well as sulfonic acid groups, salt-type sulfonic acid groups, amino groups, phosphate groups, salt-type phosphate groups, hydroxyl groups, nitro groups, aldehyde groups, amide groups, and the like. Polar groups such as nitrile and mercapto groups Can be contained.
- sulfonic acid groups and Z or salt-type sulfonic acid groups contribute to stably obtain or allow water-based hygroscopic ultrafine particles to be present or to be present. It is particularly preferred because it is a high and hydrophilic group suitable for hygroscopicity.
- the sulfonic acid (salt) group described in the present invention includes monosubstituted sulfate and its salt (-0—SO H (or M: salt)).
- the amount of the sulfonic acid (salt) group contained together with the salt-type carboxyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 2. OmeqZg.
- the amount of the group is less than 0.1 lmeq Zg, the ion repulsion due to the electric charge of the fine particles in an aqueous system becomes small, so that ultrafine particles may not be obtained, and the ultrafine particles may be stably present. This can be difficult.
- the amount of the sulfonic acid (salt) group exceeds 2.OmeqZg, the degree of hydrophilicity as a polymer becomes too large, and the state becomes similar to that of a water-absorbing resin, and the problems described above may occur. is there.
- the sulfonic acid (salt) group has a smaller amount of moisture absorption per unit weight than the salt-type carboxy group, so the salt-type carboxyl group is reduced and the sulfonate (salt) group is increased, so that the hygroscopic capacity itself is reduced. There is a problem of inviting.
- the type of the salt of the sulfonic acid group is not particularly limited as long as it forms a salt structure with the sulfonic acid group.
- alkali metals such as Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs
- Alkaline earth metals such as Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, etc.
- other metals such as Cu, Zn, Al, Mn, Ag, Fe, Co, Ni, etc.
- organic cations such as NH +, Aminy ligated compounds, etc.
- the potassium type which can coexist with a potassium salt type carboxyl group which is particularly effective in improving the moisture release rate, is more preferable. Further, one or more of the above salts can be used simultaneously.
- the method for introducing the sulfonic acid (salt) group is not particularly limited.
- a method of copolymerizing a monomer having a sulfonic acid (salt) group and an initiator! examples include a method of introducing a sulfonic acid (salt) group and a method of introducing a sulfonic acid (salt) group into a polymer by performing polymerization using a reactive emulsifier having a sulfonic acid (salt) group. It comes out.
- Monomers that can be used in the method of copolymerizing a monomer having a sulfonic acid (salt) group include, for example, butyl sulfonic acid (salt), (meth) aryl sulfonic acid (salt), styrene Sulfo Acid (salt), 4 sulfobutyl (meth) atalylate and its salt, methallyloxybenzenesulfonic acid (salt), aryloxybenzenesulfonic acid (salt), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (salt) ), 2-sulfoethyl (meth) acrylate
- an initiator capable of generating a sulfonic acid (salt) radical and introducing the initiator as a terminal of the initiator can be exemplified.
- the initiator is, for example, a thermally decomposed type of persulfate such as ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate; and the redox initiator is persulfate or perchloric acid as an oxidizing agent.
- any combination of initiators capable of generating a sulfonic acid (salt) radical can be mentioned.
- the chain transfer agent include thioglycolsulfonic acid (salt).
- a reactive emulsifier having a sulfonic acid (salt) group there is no particular limitation on the reactive emulsifier that can be used, for example, 4-nonyl-2- (1probe) phenoxypolyethoxy.
- Ethyl sulfonic acid and its salts sulfo (salt) alkyl alkenyl succinate, sulfo (salt) alkyl aryloxy (hydroxy) propyl ester, alkyl sulfo (salt) phenoxy mono (hydroxy) propyl ( (Meth) acrylic acid ester and the like.
- the method for obtaining the ultrafine particles having hygroscopicity of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any method can be used as long as it can obtain the ultrafine particles having the above characteristics.
- a method of obtaining an ultrafine particle polymer a polymerization method such as emulsion polymerization, precipitation polymerization, or microemulsion polymerization can be used, and the mode of polymerization is normal phase polymerization or reverse phase polymerization. It does not matter.
- a polymerization method such as emulsion polymerization, precipitation polymerization, or microemulsion polymerization
- the mode of polymerization is normal phase polymerization or reverse phase polymerization. It does not matter.
- there is a wide range of choices such as the type and amount of an emulsifier and an initiator, and emulsion polymerization which can obtain a more various ultrafine polymer gives good results.
- a method using a reverse phase polymerization method can directly polymerize a monomer having a carboxyl group as described above to obtain moisture absorption / desorption ultrafine particles.
- carboxyl group is introduced by chemical modification
- water is used as a solvent.
- the method of using the moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particles of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a method in which the particles are dried and powdered as they are a method in which the particles are fixed on an appropriate base material such as paper, film, sheet and the like to be used as a moisture absorbing and releasing sheet, and kneaded into resin, fiber, paint, etc.
- Methods and the like can be mentioned.
- the method of using as a moisture-absorbing / desorbing sheet is effective for increasing the rate of moisture-absorbing / desorbing because the surface area of a molded article for absorbing and releasing moisture can be increased.
- the method of fixing or kneading to the base material is preferable because the problem of morphological instability due to volume change due to moisture absorption and release of ultrafine particles can be avoided.
- fixing means that the moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particles are fixed on a substrate, and the fixing strength and the fixing method are not particularly limited, and the physical fixing is performed. Various methods can be used, such as those immobilized by chemical bonding or those immobilized by chemical bonding. Above all, when the hygroscopic ultrafine particles are directly bonded to the base material or chemically bonded to the base material through some kind of compound, they are excellent in durability and give favorable results.
- the amount of the hygroscopic ultrafine particles to be fixed on the base material is not particularly limited, and the amount can be appropriately selected and fixed according to the intended use. However, if the amount is too large relative to the amount of the base material, the strength of the base material may be unfavorable because the strength of the base material cannot be tolerated. In some cases, they cannot be obtained. Specifically, a preferable fixing amount is 5 gZm 2 to 300 gZm 2 .
- the ratio of the moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particles to the non-substrate in the fixing portion is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to improve the moisture absorbing and desorbing performance as much as possible.
- the proportion is preferably as high as possible.
- the moisture-absorbing / desorbing ultrafine particles of the present invention are fixed on a substrate having extremely high hydrophilicity with the moisture-absorbing / desorbing ultrafine particles alone, the water resistance may be insufficient depending on the application. Therefore, if necessary, it is necessary to use the method described below to further firmly adhere. Even in such a case, the moisture absorption / desorption properties of the ultra-fine particles in the fixing part exceeding 80% are better than that of obtaining excellent moisture absorption / desorption properties. preferable.
- the substrate on the side to be fixed is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected and used depending on the intended use.
- it has a form such as paper, nonwoven fabric, woven fabric, knitted fabric, fiber molded body, film, sheet, and the like.
- the material is not particularly limited, such as an organic or inorganic material.
- the form of paper, non-woven fabric, porous sheet, etc. has moderate voids, and because of the unevenness of the surface, it is possible to easily fix the super-absorbent ultra-wet fine particles, The surface area of the fixing surface can be increased, which is suitable for increasing the rate of moisture absorption and desorption.
- a porous substance may be used together with the moisture-absorbing / desorbing ultrafine particles for the purpose of increasing the rate of moisture absorption / desorption as a moisture-absorbing / desorbing sheet.
- the porous substance generally used substances can be used, and as the inorganic substance, activated carbon, carbon black, graphite, carbon fiber, foamed glassy carbon, charcoal, coal, silicon carbide, etc. , Silica gel, alumina, clay-based porous material, porous glass, porous porcelain, sintered metal, alundum, cellular concrete, perlite, vermiculite, shirasu, magnesia, glass fiber, ceramic fiber and the like.
- Organic materials include polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polyphenol, polyurea, polyepoxy, natural rubber, neoprene, neoprene butylene rubber, styrene-butadiene-rubber, Sponge-like or foamed materials that can also be made of silicone resin, polyester, acrylic resin, etc .; sintered bodies made of polyacrylonitrile, acrylic resin, polystyrene, polyphenylene oxide, etc .; Natural polymer porous materials such as straw, tuna, and sponge can be used. Among them, silica gel, zeolite, activated carbon, and the like have various sizes, particle diameters, porosity, pore diameters, and the like, and their high adaptability is advantageous.
- the method for fixing the moisture-absorbing / desorbing ultrafine particles is not particularly limited, and a commonly used method can be appropriately used. Generally, a method is used in which a solution containing hygroscopic ultrafine particles is attached to or impregnated in a substrate, and then the solvent and the like are removed by drying or the like. As a solvent for the solution containing the moisture absorbing and releasing ultrafine particles, there is water or an organic solvent, and a mixture thereof can also be used. Attach a dispersion containing moisture absorbing and releasing ultrafine particles
- the coating method used is not particularly limited, and a commonly used coating method can be used. Above all, the coating method by impregnation is excellent as a method that can surely attach the depressing force to both surfaces at once to the center of the substrate.
- the fixing strength is not particularly limited. However, in a general use of a moisture-absorbing / desorbing sheet in which moisture-absorbing / desorbing ultrafine particles are fixed, continuous absorption and desorption is repeated for a long time. In many cases, the moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particles fixed by dew condensation and the like may be exposed to water. Are preferred. From such a point, it is possible to chemically bond to the base material, or to chemically bond through some compound, and further to absorb the moisture absorbing / releasing ultrafine particles rather than merely fixing them physically. It is preferable to bond the moisture-releasing ultrafine particles to each other, or to chemically bond the bonded material to the substrate.
- the present inventors have also found that in these fixings, another effect due to ultrafine particles is exerted. That is, when the moisture-absorbing / desorbing fine particles having a large particle diameter and the moisture-absorbing / desorbing ultrafine particles of the present invention are used and fixed on a base material, the moisture-absorbing / desorbing ultrafine particles have a larger particle diameter than the large moisture-desorbing / desorbing fine particles. As a result, it was confirmed that the toner can be firmly fixed with a smaller amount of the binder (substance for bonding to the substrate) and the durability can be improved.
- the binder amount can be reduced, and as a result, the ratio of the moisture-absorbing / desorbing material in the fixing portion can be increased, and higher moisture-absorbing / desorbing performance can be obtained. It became possible.
- the above-mentioned phenomena are due to the fact that they became ultra-fine particles, allowing the particles to be densely filled during coating film formation, and the number of contact points between the particles per unit weight increased. it is conceivable that.
- the method for binding the hygroscopic ultrafine particles to the base material in any manner is not limited, and a generally used method can be applied.
- a crosslinkable compound (including polymers) having two or more crosslinkable functional groups in one molecule is used to bond the substrate and the moisture-absorbing / desorbing ultrafine particles or to allow the moisture-absorbing / desorbing ultrafine particles to mutually It is preferable to employ a method of chemically bonding them by a method of combining them, or by combining them.
- the crosslinkable functional groups include epoxy groups, carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, methylol groups, oxazoline groups, amino groups, aziridine groups, isocyanate groups, And an isocyanate group.
- an epoxy group, an aziridine group, and an oxazoline group are preferable because of high reactivity and easy handling.
- the crosslinkable compound having these groups include diglycidyl ether, glycerol diglycidyl ether, glycerol triglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether.
- Di- or triglycidyl compounds Di- or triglycidyl compounds; glycol compounds such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and glycerol; hydroxyl-containing compounds such as glycidyl alcohol, trimethylolpropane, polyvinyl alcohol, and pentaerythritol; ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, and propylenediamine Amine, trimethylolmelamine, polyethyleneimine, urea, oxazoline reactive polymer, polyfunctional aziridination Or the like can be mentioned things. Further, as another kind of crosslinkable conjugate, polyvalent metal salts such as magnesium, zinc, chromium, and calcium can be used.
- glycol compounds such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and glycerol
- hydroxyl-containing compounds such as glycidyl alcohol, trimethylolpropane, polyvinyl alcohol, and pentaerythri
- crosslinkable conjugates may be used alone, and a plurality of them may be used in combination.
- the amount of the crosslinkable compound used is not particularly limited, but it works in a direction that impairs the moisture absorption / desorption performance, so that it is preferable to use an amount as small as possible. It is appropriate to use 0.1-20 wt%, more preferably 1.0-10 wt%.
- a method of using a polymerizable compound and polymerizing the same to bond the substrate to the substrate also has a favorable result.
- the substrate and the moisture-absorbing / desorbing ultrafine particles are firmly bonded to each other by covalent bonds by the graft polymerization starting from the substrate or by the graft polymerization starting from the moisture-absorbing / desorbing ultrafine particles.
- the particles are not directly bonded between the substrate and the hygroscopic ultrafine particles, the substrate and the hygroscopic ultrafine particles or the fine particles are firmly captured by the network formed by the polymerization. As a result, It is fixed on the substrate.
- a mixture of hygroscopic ultrafine particles, a polymerizable compound and a polymerization initiator is applied to a base material, and polymerized at the time of desolvation such as drying.
- the polymerizable compound which can be used in such a method includes a monomer used for introducing a carboxyl group, or a copolymerizable monomer and a crosslinkable monomer.
- the monomers exemplified above can be used as the body. Among them, those having a functional group having high affinity or reactivity with the moisture absorbing / releasing ultrafine particles such as an epoxy group, a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group are preferable.
- the amount of these polymerizable compounds used is not particularly limited, but works in a direction that impairs the moisture absorption / desorption performance, so that it is preferable to use the smallest possible amount. 0.1-20 wt%, more preferably 1.0-10 wt% is appropriate.
- the method of polymerizing the polymerizable compound is not particularly limited, and any commonly used polymerization method can be used. Among them, good results are obtained by using a thermal decomposition type initiator or a redox type initiator that can effectively utilize the heat of drying the coated sheet, or by an energy beam such as electron beam or ultraviolet ray. give.
- thermal decomposition type initiator examples include benzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, diisopropylperoxydicarbonate, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, and cyclohexyl peroxide.
- Redox-type initiators include, for example, tamen hydroperoxide or dialkyl peroxide and amines, polyamines, iron salts; hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, ethylamine, iron salts; potassium peroxide or persulfate. Examples thereof include combinations of ammonium and sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, triethanolamine, iron salts; sodium perchlorate and sodium sulfite; cerium sulfate and alcohol, amine, starch, and the like.
- Sensitizers can be used.
- carbohydrate compounds such as acetone, biacetyl, benzyl, benzoin, benzanthrone, benzophenone, cyclohexanone, and acetylacetone; thiophenol, thiocresol, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, mercaptobenzoxazole, mercaptobenz Thiazole, dithiol methyl rubinate, disulfide, disulfide, dibenzoyldisulfide, dibenzothiazoyldisulfide, tetraalkylthiuram sulfide, tetraalkylthiuram disulfide, thioxanthon, 2-isopropyl Compounds such as thioxanthone and 2,4-dimethylthioxanthone; halogen compounds such as brom
- additives can be used as needed within a range that does not significantly reduce the moisture absorption and release properties aimed at by the present invention.
- a polymerization inhibitor, a leveling agent, a thickener, a thickener, a thixotropic agent, an antihalation agent, an anti-glare agent, a coloring pigment, a diluent, a filler, a reinforcing agent, a thermoplastic resin, and the like are appropriately selected and used. be able to.
- the form in which the moisture-absorbing and desorbing sheet as described above is used is not particularly limited, and it can be used in the form of a sheet as it is, or it can be used after further molding.
- a method of utilizing the high moisture absorption / desorption rate which is a feature of the moisture absorption / desorption ultrafine particles
- a method using a moisture absorption / desorption element formed by laminating the moisture absorption / desorption sheets gives a good result.
- This lamination form is practically advantageous because it can have a large contact area with water vapor involved in moisture absorption and desorption, and can be molded so that pressure loss can be kept low.
- lamination means a state in which there is a large number of holes through which gas such as water vapor or a medium as a medium to be absorbed and released can pass, and the moisture absorption and release sheet is directly processed or molded. It is in a state of being superposed.
- gas such as water vapor or a medium as a medium to be absorbed and released
- moisture absorption and release sheet is directly processed or molded. It is in a state of being superposed.
- moisture absorption / desorption Those containing sheets or molded materials other than sheets are also included in the laminate of the present invention.
- the lamination include a corrugated (corrugated) shape as illustrated in Fig. 1 made of a moisture absorbing and releasing sheet, and a honeycomb shape (square, hexagonal, octagonal, etc.) as illustrated in Fig. 2. ), Roll core shape (pseudo circular shape) and the like.
- a corrugated sheet the moisture absorption / release sheet is continuously folded to produce a sheet having a large number of peaks and valleys continuously, and then the folded sheet is placed on another flat sheet surface. The bottom of the valley is bonded or fused.
- the obtained single-stage sheets can be further stacked or wound into a roll to be used as a molded body having a large number of holes.
- the folded sheet and the flat sheet may be both moisture absorbing and releasing sheets, or only one of them may be a moisture absorbing and releasing sheet.
- the magnitude of the corrugated wave can be appropriately selected from the relationship between the moisture absorption / release performance and the pressure loss according to the intended use. As a normal size, a height of 10 mm or less and a width of 20 mm or less are often used. If higher performance in moisture absorption and desorption is required, a smaller wave size is preferred, with a height of 0.5-5 mm and a width of 0.5 mm-10 mm for good results. Often give.
- Examples of the use of the moisture-absorbing / desorbing element comprising the moisture-absorbing / desorbing sheet of the present invention include, but are not particularly limited to, a device for dehumidifying or humidifying utilizing the performance of "moisture absorbing / releasing", or the heat generation due to moisture absorption. It can be used as a heat pump utilizing heat absorption due to moisture release.
- the humidifying and dehumidifying device includes a moisture absorbing and desorbing element composed of the above-mentioned laminated body as one element. As an example of this device, as shown in FIG.
- the so-called humidity control function which consists of air blowing or suction means, a heat source for regeneration, or a low-humidity air source, performs dehumidification or humidification with the same structure as before, and can maintain a predetermined location at a constant humidity.
- the moisture absorption performance was evaluated based on the amount of moisture absorption for 2 minutes indicating the saturated moisture absorption rate and the moisture absorption rate.
- the saturated moisture absorption refers to a value obtained by the following method. Emulsion-shaped hygroscopic ultrafine particles are impregnated and coated on the paper as the base material, and then the sheet is dried with hot air at 105 ° C. First, about 1. Og of the sheet sample is dried with a hot air drier at 105 ° C for 16 hours, and the weight is measured (Wds (g)).
- the sample is left for 24 hours in a thermo-hygrostat adjusted to a relative humidity of 65% RH or 90% RH at a temperature of 20 ° C, and the weight of the sample that has absorbed moisture is measured (Wws (g)).
- Wws (g) the weight of the sample that has absorbed moisture is measured.
- the same operation is performed for the paper of the base material for impregnation, and the weights of the respective papers are Pds and Pws.
- the saturated moisture absorption rate is calculated by the following equation.
- the saturated moisture absorption of the hygroscopic ultrafine particles themselves is determined by the absolutely dried absorption.
- the moisture-repellent ultrafine particles are finely pulverized in a mortar and made into a dry fine powder to be used as a measurement sample. About 1. Og of the fine powder is dried with a hot air drier at 105 ° C. for 30 minutes and weighed (Wd (g)).
- the sample is left in a thermo-hygrostat adjusted to a relative humidity of 65% RH or 90% RH at a temperature of 20 ° C for 16 hours, and the weight of the absorbed sample is measured (Ww (g)). Based on the above values, it was calculated by the following equation.
- the method of measuring the amount of moisture absorption for 2 minutes is as follows. First, a measurement sample is prepared by the following method. The moisture-absorbing and desorbing fine particles of about 10 weight 0/0 impregnation coating method a paper Emarujiyon solution about 200 m thickness containing, rows coating so that the moisture absorptive and desorptive fine particles of about 50 g / m 2 Then, it is dried with hot air at 120 ° C to produce paper having moisture absorption / release performance.
- the paper was subjected to a single-stage corrugating process under the conditions of a cell pitch of 3.4 mm and a cell height of 1.7 mm, and the obtained step-processed product was wound into a cylindrical shape with an opening of 38 mm in diameter and 200 mm in length.
- the sample that is formed so that air flows in the length direction is used as the measurement sample.
- the sample is subjected to a drying treatment under the conditions of 65 ° C. and an absolute humidity of 14 g Zkg—dry air. Under these conditions, it is confirmed that the weight change has disappeared, the drying process is completed, and the weight at that time is defined as the dry weight (Wdl (g)).
- the moisture release rate was evaluated by the amount of moisture release in 2 minutes. That is, first, a moisture absorption process is performed under the conditions of 27 ° C and an absolute humidity of 1 lg Zkg-Dry air. Under these conditions, it is confirmed that the weight change has been eliminated by saturated moisture absorption, and the moisture absorption treatment is completed. The weight at that time is defined as the moisture absorption weight (Ww2 (g;)). Next, air of 65 ° C and absolute humidity of 14gZkg-dry'air was passed through the corrugate in the corrugated length direction at a surface wind speed of 2mZsec at the opening cross section (38mm diameter) in the corrugated length direction. Perform drying.
- This drying operation is performed for 2 minutes, and the weight after the lapse of 2 minutes is measured, and this is defined as a dry weight (Wd2 (g)).
- the difference between the obtained dry weight (Wd2 (g)) and hygroscopic weight (Ww2 (g)) is defined as the amount of moisture released for 2 minutes.
- Both the moisture absorption rate and the moisture release rate indicate that the value of each of the moisture absorption rate and the moisture release rate in 2 minutes is large, and that the higher the value, the higher the performance of the moisture absorption rate and the moisture release rate.
- the average particle diameter of the particles was measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer “ELS-800” manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. using water as a dispersion medium.
- the amount of salt-type carboxyl groups was determined by precisely weighing a sufficiently dried sample lg (X (g)), adding 200 ml of water thereto, and adding a 1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution while heating to 50 ° C. All the carboxyl groups contained in the sample were converted into H-type carboxyl groups by adjusting the pH to 2 and then titration curves were obtained using a 0.1 IN aqueous solution of NaNaOH according to a conventional method. From the titration curve, the consumption amount of the NaOH aqueous solution (Y (ml)) consumed by the H-type carboxyl group was determined and included in the sample according to the following equation. The total amount of carboxyl groups was calculated.
- Total amount of noreboxinole group meqZg 0. ⁇ / ⁇
- a titration curve was similarly obtained without adjusting to ⁇ 2 by using an aqueous solution of IN hydrochloric acid during the above-mentioned total carboxyl group measurement operation, and the amount of ⁇ -type carboxyl groups contained in the sample was obtained.
- the amount of salt-type carboxyl groups was calculated from the following equation.
- the falling rate of flowing water is measured as follows.
- the 9cm x 21cm moisture-absorbent sheet coated with the moisture-absorbent material is dried at 105 ° C for 30 minutes, and the dry weight is measured.
- the sheet is hung in a 10-liter container filled with water, and for 1 hour, 2 liters of water are poured into the container, and the sheet is allowed to overflow, so that the moisture-absorbing and desorbing sheet is made to flow. Let's go.
- the sheet subjected to the running water treatment is dried at 105 ° C for 30 minutes and weighed.
- the difference between the weight before and after the treatment is divided by the weight before the treatment, and the percentage of falling water is expressed as a percentage.
- This value is a numerical value indicating the water resistance of the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet, and it can be determined that the smaller the value, the higher the water resistance.
- the properties of the obtained moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particles are as shown in Table 1, and the saturated moisture absorption is 55% at 20 ° C x 65% RH and 92% at 20 ° C x 90% RH. Have! In addition, it was confirmed that the two-minute moisture absorption amount and the moisture release amount were as fast as 1.4 and 1.5, respectively.
- the same moisture absorption and release ultrafine particles of the present invention were obtained with the same formulation as in Example 1.
- the properties of the obtained moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particles are as shown in Table 1, and the content of salt-type carboxyl groups was 4.5 meqZg, which was lower than that of Example 1, and the saturated moisture absorption rate was lower. .
- Example 1 Except that the hydrolysis reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that potassium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide were also used, sodium salt type hygroscopic ultrafine particles of the present invention were obtained with the same formulation.
- the saturated moisture absorption was higher than that of Example 1, and had a high moisture absorbing ability.
- the moisture absorption and desorption for 2 minutes was lower than that in Example 1. This is considered to be because the type of the salt of the carboxylic acid was sodium.
- acrylonitrile AN
- MA methyl acrylate
- SPSS sodium p-styrenesulfonate
- 1181 parts of water 450 parts of acrylonitrile (AN), 40 parts of methyl acrylate (MA), 45 parts of sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SPSS) and 1181 parts of water were charged into an autoclave of a 2000 ml container, and further tert-butyl was used as a polymerization initiator. After adding 0.5% of peroxide to the total amount of monomers, the mixture was sealed, and then polymerized at a temperature of 160 ° C for 10 minutes with stirring. After the completion of the reaction, the resultant was cooled to room temperature while continuing to stir, and then the polymerization product was taken out of the auto-tarve.
- AN acrylonitrile
- MA methyl acrylate
- SPSS sodium p-styrenesulfonate
- This product was an emulsion-like polyacrylonitrile-based polymer with an extremely fine particle size, having an average particle size of 0.04 ⁇ m and a polymer concentration of 28%.
- a bridge was introduced by mixing 370 parts of the obtained emulsion-like polyacrylonitrile-based polymer with 50 parts of 60% hydrazine and 850 parts of water, and performing hydrazine treatment at 90 ° C for 16 hours. Further, 100 parts of potassium hydroxide were added, and the reaction was carried out at 95 ° C for 36 hours to hydrolyze the remaining nitrile group to form a carboxylic acid group (at the end of the hydrolysis reaction, a potassium salt type).
- the obtained hydrolyzed solution was placed in a cellulose semi-permeable membrane, immersed in deionized water and desalted to obtain ultrafine microparticles of the present invention in an emulsion-like shape by a post-crosslinking method.
- the properties of the obtained moisture absorbing / desorbing ultrafine particles are as shown in Table 1.
- the post-crosslinking the -tolyl group, which is the source of the carboxyl group, was used, so that the amount of the carboxyl group was slightly lower, but had a sufficient saturated moisture absorption rate and moisture absorption / desorption rate. .
- the dropping speed was adjusted so that the dropping of these monomers was completed in 30 minutes, and the polymerization was carried out under the same conditions for 2 hours after the completion of the dropping.
- the polymer emulsion obtained by pressing was extremely fine with a solid content of 21% and an average particle diameter of 0.03 m.
- a solution prepared by dissolving 45 parts of potassium hydroxide in 475 parts of deionized water was added to 480 parts of the obtained polymer emulsion, and a hydrolysis reaction was performed at 95 ° C for 48 hours and further under reflux conditions for 8 hours.
- the mixed solution after hydrolysis is placed in a cellulose semi-permeable membrane, immersed in deionized water and desalted to introduce a carboxylic acid by hydrolysis of the ester, thereby obtaining an emulsion-like superabsorbent material of the present invention. Fine particles were obtained.
- the properties of the obtained moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particles are as shown in Table 1, the average particle size was extremely small at 0.04 m, and the saturated moisture-absorbing performance and the moisture-absorbing / desorbing speed were excellent.
- Ultrafine treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the hydrolysis conditions were changed to 70 ° C for 4 hours. Particles were obtained. The properties of the obtained ultrafine particles are shown in Table 2.
- the content of the carboxylic acid group was extremely small because the hydrolysis conditions were mild. As a result, the saturated moisture absorption performance was low, and the amount of moisture absorption / desorption in 2 minutes was extremely small, making it impractical.
- the results of evaluating the properties of the obtained product are shown in Table 1.
- the product has high hygroscopicity under high humidity, but has low hygroscopic performance at 20 ° C and 65% RH.
- the quantity was too small to be practically used.
- the average particle size was in a gel state, so it was difficult to measure accurately.
- Example 1 Except that the amount of sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SPSS) was changed to 16 parts, moisture-absorbing and desorbing fine particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the properties of the obtained fine particles are as shown in Table 1, but the average particle diameter was 0.4 m, which was larger than that of the present invention.
- the saturated moisture absorption showed a high value, and the moisture absorbing ability at saturation over time was good.
- the moisture absorption and desorption performance for 2 minutes was lower than that of Example 1 and was inferior to the moisture absorption and desorption performance, and the performance was not sufficient when practical use was considered.
- Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Salt Form Carboxyxyl Group Content [meq / g] 7.9 4.5 9.1 6 7.3 0.8 10.2 8.0 Salt Form-KK Na KKK Na K Sulfonic acid group content [meq / g] 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.21 0.19 0.21 0.1 1 0.08 Average particle size [jLi m] 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.1 0.04 0.06 One 0.4 Sat 20 ° CX 65% RH [%] 56 30 60 48 53 1 1 18 54 sum
- Example 2 0.5 part of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was added to 100 parts of emulsion containing 10% by weight of the hygroscopic ultrafine particles obtained in Example 1, and the mixture was stirred and mixed at room temperature. Using this mixture, impregnation coating was performed on base paper having a basis weight of 45 g / m 2 and drying at 120 ° C. The absorption and release of the present invention in which a moisture absorbing and releasing component having a solid content of 70 g / m 2 was fixed was performed. A wet sheet was obtained. The properties of the sheet were as shown in Table 2. Although the saturated moisture absorption rate was slightly lower than that of the original moisture-absorbing and desorbing ultrafine particles, it maintained high performance and also had excellent water resistance as judged by the falling rate of running water.
- Example 2 To 100 parts of emulsion containing 10% by weight of the hygroscopic ultrafine particles obtained in Example 1, 0.5 part of acrylic acid and 0.02 part of ammonium persulfate were added and stirred and mixed at room temperature. Was. Using the mixed solution, the base paper having a basis weight of 45 g / m 2 was impregnated and dried at 120 ° C. to obtain a moisture absorbing / releasing sheet of the present invention in which a moisture absorbing / releasing component having a solid content of 68 gZm 2 was fixed. Obtained. The properties of the sheet are as shown in Table 2. The sheet has a saturated moisture absorption rate that maintains the same high performance as the original hygroscopic ultrafine particles, and the dropout rate of running water is not so large. Had good performance.
- a moisture absorbing / releasing sheet of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6, except that 1.8 parts of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was used.
- the properties of the sheet are as shown in Table 2, and the shedding rate of running water was extremely low, and particularly, the water resistance was excellent.
- the saturated moisture absorption rate was lower than that of the superabsorbent hygroscopic particles, which is a level that can withstand practical use because the moisture absorption / desorption site was used for crosslinking.
- a hygroscopic sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6, except that the hygroscopic particles having a large particle diameter obtained in Comparative Example 3 were used.
- the properties of the obtained sheet are as shown in Table 2, and the saturated moisture absorption performance is a force with a high strength.
- the running water falling rate is 76%, which is the result of more than half of the extremely large moisture absorbing and releasing materials falling off by water. It was not practically usable because of insufficient water resistance! 2]
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/585,318 US7468414B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-11-18 | Moisture absorptive and desorptive ultrafine particles and a product using said ultrafine particles |
JP2006511124A JP5203604B2 (ja) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-11-18 | 吸放湿性超微粒子及び該超微粒子を用いた製品 |
CN2004800419240A CN1972970B (zh) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-11-18 | 吸放湿性超微粒子及使用该超微粒子形成的制品 |
ES04821739T ES2384387T3 (es) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-11-18 | Partícula ultrafina capaz de absorber y desorber humedad y producto que utiliza la partícula ultrafina |
AT04821739T ATE553833T1 (de) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-11-18 | Ultrafeines teilchen, das zur absorption und desorption von feuchtigkeit befähigt ist, und produkt unter verwendung des ultrafeinen teilchens |
EP04821739A EP1726601B1 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-11-18 | Ultrafine particle capable of moisture absorption and desorption and product utilizing the ultrafine particle |
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JP2004-079591 | 2004-03-19 | ||
JP2004079591 | 2004-03-19 |
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WO2005090417A1 true WO2005090417A1 (ja) | 2005-09-29 |
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PCT/JP2004/017158 WO2005090417A1 (ja) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-11-18 | 吸放湿性超微粒子及び該超微粒子を用いた製品 |
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US (1) | US7468414B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1726601B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5203604B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101026573B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1972970B (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE553833T1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2384387T3 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI381001B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005090417A1 (ja) |
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- 2004-11-18 US US10/585,318 patent/US7468414B2/en active Active
- 2004-11-18 ES ES04821739T patent/ES2384387T3/es active Active
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JP2018188588A (ja) * | 2017-05-10 | 2018-11-29 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | タイヤ用ゴム組成物 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5203604B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
CN1972970A (zh) | 2007-05-30 |
KR101026573B1 (ko) | 2011-03-31 |
ATE553833T1 (de) | 2012-05-15 |
EP1726601A4 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
US20070185292A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
US7468414B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 |
TWI381001B (zh) | 2013-01-01 |
ES2384387T3 (es) | 2012-07-04 |
TW200602369A (en) | 2006-01-16 |
JPWO2005090417A1 (ja) | 2009-05-07 |
KR20060134993A (ko) | 2006-12-28 |
EP1726601B1 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
EP1726601A1 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
CN1972970B (zh) | 2010-10-13 |
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