JPWO2020105587A1 - 高速吸放湿性重合体、ならびに該重合体を含有する繊維構造物、樹脂成型物、空調用素子、収着式熱交換モジュールおよび吸着式ヒートサイクル - Google Patents
高速吸放湿性重合体、ならびに該重合体を含有する繊維構造物、樹脂成型物、空調用素子、収着式熱交換モジュールおよび吸着式ヒートサイクル Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2020105587A1 JPWO2020105587A1 JP2020558378A JP2020558378A JPWO2020105587A1 JP WO2020105587 A1 JPWO2020105587 A1 JP WO2020105587A1 JP 2020558378 A JP2020558378 A JP 2020558378A JP 2020558378 A JP2020558378 A JP 2020558378A JP WO2020105587 A1 JPWO2020105587 A1 JP WO2020105587A1
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- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- YOMFVLRTMZWACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyltrimethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(C)C YOMFVLRTMZWACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010559 graft polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004198 guanidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000789 guanidine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].NC(N)=[NH2+] PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012493 hydrazine sulfate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000377 hydrazine sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCUFMVPCXCSVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)=C DCUFMVPCXCSVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical class [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropylammonium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
(1) 対カチオンが有機オニウムイオンであるカルボキシル基を2.0〜8.0mmоl/g含有し、かつ架橋構造を有する有機系高分子であって、前記有機オニウムイオンの含有する全てのアルキル基の炭素数が1〜4である事を特徴とする高速吸放湿性重合体。
(3) 有機オニウムイオンの含有する炭素数が1〜20である事を特徴とする(1)または(2)のいずれかに記載の高速吸放湿性重合体。
(4) 重合体の形状が繊維状、粒子状およびフィルム状のいずれかである事を特徴とする(1)から(3)のいずれかに記載の高速吸放湿性重合体。
(6) (1)から(4)のいずれかに記載の高速吸放湿性重合体を含有する樹脂成型物。
(8) (1)から(4)のいずれかに記載の高速吸放湿性重合体を、熱交換モジュールの表面の少なくとも一部に付着させたことを特徴とする収着式熱交換モジュール。
(9) (1)から(4)のいずれかに記載の高速吸放湿性重合体を、吸着コアとして含有することを特徴とする吸着式ヒートサイクル。
絶乾させた高速吸放湿性重合体を乳鉢で細かく粉砕し、乾燥粉末状としたものを測定試料として用いる。該重合体粉末約0.2gを熱風乾燥機で105℃、30分間乾燥し重量を測定する(Wd(g))。次に試料を温度20℃で相対湿度65%RHまたは90%RHに調製された恒温恒湿器に24時間放置し、吸湿した試料の重量を測定する(Ww(g))。以上の値をもとに、次式により算出したものである。
飽和吸湿率(重量%)={(Ww−Wd)/Wd}×100
絶乾させた高速吸放湿性重合体を乳鉢で細かく粉砕、乾燥粉末状としたものを測定試料として用いる。該重合体粉末約0.2gを熱風乾燥機で105℃、30分間乾燥し重量を測定する(Wd1(g))。次に、試料を温度30℃、飽和塩法により75%RHに調製した密閉容器内に5分間静置し、吸湿した試料の重量を測定する(Ww1(g))。以上の結果をもとに、5分間吸湿初速度を次式により算出する。
5分間吸湿初速度((g/g)/s)={(Ww1−Wd1)/Wd1}/300
まず、十分乾燥した試料約1gを精秤し(W2(g))、これに200mlの水を加えた後、50℃に加温しながら1mol/l塩酸水溶液を添加してpH2にし、次いで0.1mol/l水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で常法に従って滴定曲線を求める。該滴定曲線からカルボキシル基に消費された水酸化ナトリウム水溶液消費量(V2(ml))を求め、次式によって全カルボキシル基量(Aa(mmol/g))を算出する。
Aa(mmol/g)=0.1×V2/W2
別途、上述の全カルボキシル基量測定操作中の1mol/l塩酸水溶液添加によるpH2への調製をすることなく同様に滴定曲線を求め、試料中に含まれるH型カルボキシル基(COOH)の量(Ab(mmol/g))を求める。これらの結果から次式により塩型カルボキシル基量を算出する。
塩型カルボキシル基量(mmol/g)=Aa−Ab
重合槽にアクリロニトリル(AN)80部、ジビニルベンゼン20部からなる単量体混合液、および過硫酸アンモニウム4部を水330部に溶解した酸化剤水溶液を添加し、温度を65℃まで昇温して3時間重合させる。得られたポリマー分散液を遠心脱水することで、粉末状アクリロニトリル系重合体を得た。
実施例1において、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウムをヨウ化1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウムに変更したこと以外は同様にして、1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム(DMI)塩型カルボキシル基を有する実施例2の高速吸放湿性重合体を得た。該重合体の飽和吸湿率、5分間吸湿初速度はともに実施例1には劣るものの、吸湿性能自体は非常に優れていることが確認できた。これは、実施例1と比較して、単位重量当たりのカルボキシル基量が低下したこと、対カチオンとなる有機オニウムイオンの疎水性が上がったことによるものと考えられる。
実施例1において、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウムを臭化テトラブチルアンモニウムに変更したこと以外は同様にして、テトラブチルアンモニウム(TBA)塩型カルボキシル基を有する実施例3の高速吸放湿性重合体を得た。該重合体の飽和吸湿率、5分間吸湿初速度はともに実施例1にはやや劣るものの、吸湿性能自体は非常に優れていることが確認できた。これは、実施例1と比較して、単位重量当たりのカルボキシル基量が低下したこと、対カチオンとなる有機オニウムイオンの炭素数が多く疎水性が上がったことによるものと考えられる。
実施例1において、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウムを臭化1−エチルピリジニウムに変更したこと以外は同様にして、1−エチルピリジニウム(EPY)塩型カルボキシル基を有する実施例4の高速吸放湿性重合体を得た。該重合体の飽和吸湿率、5分間吸湿初速度はともに実施例1にはやや劣るものの、吸湿性能自体は非常に優れていることが確認できた。これは、実施例1と比較して、単位重量当たりのカルボキシル基量が低下したこと、対カチオンとなる有機オニウムイオンの炭素数が多く疎水性が上がったことによるものと考えられる。
実施例1において、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウムを塩化1−ドデシルピリジニウムに変更したこと以外は同様にして、1−ドデシルピリジニウム(DPY)塩型カルボキシル基を有する比較例1の吸放湿性重合体を得た。該重合体の飽和吸湿率、5分間吸湿初速度はともに実施例1に大きく劣り、吸湿性能自体も劣っていることが確認できた。これは、実施例1と比較して、単位重量当たりのカルボキシル基量が大きく低下したこと、対カチオンとなる有機オニウムイオンの含有するアルキル鎖の炭素数が10を超えており、疎水性が大きく上昇したことによるものと考えられる。
実施例1で作製した粉末状吸放湿性重合体について吸湿性能を評価した。該重合体の飽和吸湿率は実施例1を上回るものの、5分間吸湿初速度では大きく劣ることが確認できた。これは、実施例1と比較して単位重量当たりのカルボキシル基量が増加したが、一方で対カチオンとなるナトリウムイオンのイオン半径が小さく、電子密度が高いため、イオン解離が鈍く、吸湿速度が低下したものと考えられる。
実施例1において、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウムを水酸化カリウムに変更したこと以外は同様にして、カリウム(K)塩型カルボキシル基を有する比較例3の吸放湿性重合体を得た。該重合体の飽和吸湿率は実施例1とほぼ同等であるものの、5分間吸湿初速度は実施例1には劣るものであった。これは、実施例1と比較して、対カチオンであるカリウムイオンは、有機オニウムイオンよりもイオン半径が小さく、電子密度が高いため、イオン解離が鈍いことによるものと考えられる。
A型シリカゲル(林純薬製)について吸湿性能を評価した。A型シリカゲルの飽和吸湿率、5分間吸湿初速度はともに、実施例1より劣ることが確認できた。
2 吸放湿性ローター
3 モーター
4 被除湿高湿度気体
5 除湿後気体
6 被加湿低湿度気体
7 加湿後気体
8 ヒーター等熱源
9 ファン
10 除湿・加湿領域区切りシール
11 吸放湿性素子充填カラム
12 3方バルブ
13 吸着器
14 蒸発器
15 凝縮器
16 流路切り替えバルブ
17 冷却水
18 温水
19 冷却水
20 冷水
Claims (9)
- 対カチオンが有機オニウムイオンであるカルボキシル基を2.0〜8.0mmоl/g含有し、かつ架橋構造を有する有機系高分子であって、前記有機オニウムイオンの含有する全てのアルキル基の炭素数が1〜4である事を特徴とする高速吸放湿性重合体。
- 有機オニウムイオンが脂肪族アンモニウムイオン、ピリジニウムイオンおよびイミダゾリウムイオンよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類である事を特徴とする請求項1に記載の高速吸放湿性重合体。
- 有機オニウムイオンの含有する炭素数が1〜20である事を特徴とする請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の高速吸放湿性重合体。
- 重合体の形状が繊維状、粒子状およびフィルム状のいずれかである事を特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の高速吸放湿性重合体。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の高速吸放湿性重合体を含有する繊維構造物。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の高速吸放湿性重合体を含有する樹脂成型物。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の高速吸放湿性重合体を含有し、複数の気体貫通路を有することを特徴とする空調用素子。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の高速吸放湿性重合体を、熱交換モジュールの表面に少なくとも一部に付着させたことを特徴とする収着式熱交換モジュール。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の高速吸放湿性重合体を、吸着コアとして含有することを特徴とする吸着式ヒートサイクル。
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WO2017179379A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-14 | 2017-10-19 | 日本エクスラン工業株式会社 | 高嵩高発熱持続性繊維、並びに該繊維を含有する繊維構造物、消臭素材及び中綿 |
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