WO2004049813A1 - ショ糖脂肪酸エステルとポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを含有する乳飲料 - Google Patents
ショ糖脂肪酸エステルとポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを含有する乳飲料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004049813A1 WO2004049813A1 PCT/JP2003/014802 JP0314802W WO2004049813A1 WO 2004049813 A1 WO2004049813 A1 WO 2004049813A1 JP 0314802 W JP0314802 W JP 0314802W WO 2004049813 A1 WO2004049813 A1 WO 2004049813A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- acid ester
- milk
- hlb
- weight
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/152—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
- A23C9/156—Flavoured milk preparations ; Addition of fruits, vegetables, sugars, sugar alcohols or sweeteners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/152—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
- A23C9/1528—Fatty acids; Mono- or diglycerides; Petroleum jelly; Paraffine; Phospholipids; Derivatives thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a milk beverage containing sucrose fatty acid ester and polydaricerin fatty acid ester and having excellent emulsion stability.
- HLB sucrose fatty acid ester
- a sucrose fatty acid ester whose constituent fatty acid is mainly composed of stearic acid and has an HLB of less than 10
- the constituent fatty acids are mainly palmitic acid.
- the monoester content is high.
- the cloud point measured at a concentration of 1% by weight or more in sucrose fatty acid ester of HLB 10 or more and 20% by weight aqueous sodium chloride solution is 90 ° C or more.
- a method of adding a combination of polyglycerin fatty acid esters is known (JP-A-2000-333599).
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and as a result, found that when a specific emulsion stabilizer was added to a milk beverage, the floating of the milk component was suppressed, and the emulsion stability was improved.
- the invention has been reached.
- the gist of the present invention resides in a dairy beverage containing a sucrose fatty acid ester having an HLB of 10 or more, a polydaliserine fatty acid ester, and a sucrose fatty acid ester having an HLB of less than 10.
- Another aspect of the present invention resides in an emulsion stabilizer containing a sucrose fatty acid ester of HLB 10 or more, a polyglycerin fatty acid ester, and a sucrose fatty acid ester of less than HLB 10.
- the milk beverage of the present invention comprises a sucrose fatty acid ester having an HLB of 10 or more, and polyglycerol. It contains fatty acid esters and sucrose fatty acid esters of less than 10 HLB.
- the sucrose fatty acid ester having an HLB of 10 or more generally has a monoester content of 50% by weight or more, and the constituent fatty acids include carbon atoms such as myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, and oleic acid. Four to twenty-two saturated or unsaturated fatty acids are included.
- the constituent fatty acids fatty acids having 16 to 18 carbon atoms are preferable, and saturated fatty acids are preferable.
- those containing palmitic acid or stearic acid are preferably at least 70% by weight
- the monoester content is at least 70% by weight, and at least 80% by weight of the constituent fatty acids.
- sucrose fatty acid ester which is palmitic acid.
- HLB is preferably 15 or more, more preferably 16 or more.
- HLB is usually 22 or less, preferably 18 or less.
- the sucrose fatty acid ester having an HLB of 10 or more is preferably added to the dairy beverage in an amount of 0.03 to 0.1% by weight.
- the fatty acid constituting the polyglycerin fatty acid ester include a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 14 to 22 carbon atoms, such as myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, and oleic acid. Among them, fatty acids having 14 to 18 carbon atoms are preferable, and saturated fatty acids are preferable. Particularly, those containing myristic acid as a main component are preferable.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polyglycerin constituting the polyglycerin fatty acid ester is usually from 2 to 20, preferably from 4 to 12.
- polyglycerol fatty acid ester those having a cloud point range of 80 or more measured at 1% by weight in a 20% by weight aqueous sodium chloride solution are preferable, and particularly those measured at 1% by weight in a 20% by weight aqueous sodium chloride solution are preferred. Most preferred is a highly hydrophilic polydaliserine fatty acid ester having a cloud point range of 90 ° C. or higher.
- Polyglycerin fatty acid esters having such a cloud point range are generally It is obtained by reducing the charge ratio of fatty acid to reserin and reacting at a temperature of 180 to 260 ° C in the presence of an alkali catalyst.
- the charging ratio is 2 mol times or less of the fatty acid to the polydaricerin fatty acid ester, and the alkali metal catalyst uses K 2 C ⁇ 3 , KOH, Na 2 C 0 3 , Na OH, etc. for the polyglycerin.
- X 10 Use 7 to 1 mole times.
- Polyglycerol fatty acid esters of cloud point range was measured at 20 wt% 1 wt% in chloride Na Bok Riumu aqueous solution on 90 or more typically, reduces the amount of alkaline catalyst (for example, K 2 C0 3, KOH, N a 2 C0 3> such as N A_ ⁇ _H, 5 X 10- 7 ⁇ 0 against polyglycerol. Te 1 using molar times), a method of increasing the second half of the temperature in the two-step reaction, for example, reaction temperature 180 to 260 ° C After the esterification reaction in step (1), a method in which the reaction temperature is further increased by 10 to 50 and the reaction is carried out for 1 to 4 hours can be used. (See JP-A-7-145104).
- alkaline catalyst for example, K 2 C0 3, KOH, N a 2 C0 3> such as N A_ ⁇ _H, 5 X 10- 7 ⁇ 0 against polyglycerol. Te 1 using molar times
- PoGE polyglycerin fatty acid esters
- the acid value, saponification value, and hydroxyl value are often used to determine the degree of esterification and the amount of residual fatty acids, and evaluation methods such as ash analysis to determine the amount of stone or residual catalyst are also used.
- PoGE polyglycerin
- the ester form, PoGE is a composition containing PoGE of various esterification degrees having different PoG skeletons and unreacted PoG.
- PoGE contains the by-products generated by the reaction between the alkali catalyst used in the esterification reaction and the fatty acid as the raw material, as well as when the esterification reaction is insufficient and when the fatty acid exceeds the stoichiometric amount. In the case where excessive amounts are used, unreacted fatty acids may be contained.
- PoGE is a complex mixture
- PoGE Even when the average esterification degree is similar or the same, physical properties such as emulsification stability may be significantly different, and conventional chemical analysis methods such as average esterification degree and unreacted PoG alone are sufficient for physical properties. And the inconvenience occurred in the physical property evaluation method. Therefore, in recent years, “cloud point” has been adopted as a comprehensive property specification of polyglycerin fatty acid ester compositions.
- the cloud point is defined as the temperature at which a non-ionic surfactant aqueous solution derived from ethylene oxide separates into two phases due to an increase in temperature and becomes inhomogeneous
- the cloud point of the polyoxyethylene surfactant is defined as the cloud point. It is well-known as a method for evaluating physical properties (Fat and Glossary Dictionary: edited by Japan Oil Chemists' Society (Koshobo)).
- the cloud point is sensitive to the structure and composition of the polyglycerol fatty acid ester and reflects the fatty acid stones, so that differences in the degree of hydrophilicity and composition can be more accurately identified.
- the cloud point is a more useful index than HLB (balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity). Because polydaricerin has a large number of hydroxyl groups, PoGE generally has a higher cloud point and may exceed the boiling point of water when compared to polyoxyethylene-based surfactants. In such a case, it can be easily measured by using an appropriate salt aqueous solution (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-157736). Usually, the higher the hydrophilicity, the higher the cloud point, and the higher the monoester content, the higher the cloud point, even at the same esterification rate.
- the polyglycerin fatty acid ester As a method for measuring the cloud point, it is usually necessary to dissolve the polyglycerin fatty acid ester in an aqueous solution of 1 to 30% by weight of sodium chloride or sodium sulfate, and then measure it.
- the conditions vary depending on the solubility of the target sample, but in the case of the present invention, the polyglycerin fatty acid ester was first dispersed in a 20% by weight aqueous sodium chloride solution to 1% by weight, and stirred while heating. To make a uniform aqueous solution. The obtained homogeneous aqueous solution of polyglycerin fatty acid ester is shaken at 2 to 5 ° C at an arbitrary temperature of 0 ° C or more and 10 ° C or less.
- the steal is separated as an oil or a gel, and the state of the heterogeneous aqueous solution is measured.
- This non-uniform state is called “cloud point”, and the temperature is determined in the present invention. If the temperature is lower than 0 ° C, it will be lower than the melting point of ice, and if it is higher than 10 o ° C, it will be higher than the boiling point of water, making accurate cloud point measurement difficult.
- the amount of polyglycerin fatty acid ester added to dairy beverages is usually 0.01 to 0.1.
- the monoester content is usually from 0 to 50% by weight, preferably from 30 to 50% by weight, and the ester content of the diester or more is usually 50% by weight.
- % To 100% by weight, preferably 50% to 70% by weight.
- Constituent fatty acids include saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having 14 to 22 carbon atoms, such as myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, and oleic acid. Among them, fatty acids having 14 to 18 carbon atoms are preferable, and saturated fatty acids are preferable. stearic acid is preferable in which 70% by weight or more of the constituent fatty acids is contained.
- the monoester content used for preventing precipitation of milk drinks is 30% by weight, and the ester content of diester or more is 70% by weight. %, And sucrose fatty acid esters in which 70% by weight or more of the constituent fatty acids are stearic acid.
- the HLB is usually 5 or more, and preferably 9 or less.
- the amount of sucrose fatty acid ester having an HLB of less than 10 added to milk drinks is usually 0.01 to 0.1% by weight.
- the added amount of each component in the milk beverage of the present invention is preferably a polyglycerol fatty acid ester / HLB weight ratio of sucrose fatty acid ester of less than 10 is 99/1 to 1/99, and 5/1 to 1/99. More preferably, it is 5. In particular, it is most preferable that the weight ratio is 1 to 1, which is effective for suppressing the floating of milk components.
- the weight ratio of the polyglycerol fatty acid ester to the sucrose fatty acid ester having an HLB of 10 or more is not particularly limited, but is usually from 0.5 to; LZ1, preferably from 0.6 to 0.6. Is one.
- the coffee beans used in the milk beverage of the present invention are not particularly limited, and the same type of coffee beans may be used, or two or more types of coffee beans may be mixed and used. Normally, roasted coffee beans are used.
- a roasting method a device such as a direct-fired roasting machine or a hot-air roasting machine is used, and heating is performed at a temperature of 200 to 300 ° C until the target L value is reached.
- the L value is used as an index indicating the degree of roasting of coffee beans.
- the L value is a value obtained by measuring the lightness of roasted coffee beans with a color difference meter. Black is represented by an L value of 0, and white is represented by an L value of 100. Therefore, the deeper the roasted coffee beans are, the darker the roasted beans become, and the lower the L value becomes, the stronger the bitterness of the coffee beverage becomes. Conversely, the shallower the roasting, the higher the L value and the stronger the sourness.
- coffee beans having an L value of 15 to 35 are used in the production of coffee beverages, but if the L value is less than 15, the bitterness of the coffee beverages is high, which is not preferable. If the L value exceeds 35, the acidity becomes strong, which is not preferable.
- the roasted coffee beans are ground to a predetermined particle size using a coffee mill or the like, and extracted with hot water. Specifically, usually, ground coffee beans are put into hot water at 90 to 98 ° C, stirred for about 10 minutes, and then the insoluble matter is removed by filtration to obtain a coffee extract.
- ground coffee beans are put into hot water at 90 to 98 ° C, stirred for about 10 minutes, and then the insoluble matter is removed by filtration to obtain a coffee extract.
- the content of the coffee extract is usually 5 to 10% by weight, preferably 5 to 7% by weight in terms of green beans.
- the content of the coffee extract is less than 5% by weight in terms of green beans, even the combination of the emulsion stabilizer of the present invention may not sufficiently suppress the floating of the milk component.
- the content of the coffee extract exceeds 10% by weight in terms of green beans, the bitterness of the coffee is too strong, which is not preferable as milk coffee.
- Milk components used in the milk beverage of the present invention include milk, whole milk powder, and skin milk powder. Examples thereof include powder and fresh cream, and the protein may be adjusted by separately adding proteins such as skim milk powder and milk fat such as butter and milk oil. Among them, milk can be preferably used because the smoothness of mouthfeel is not impaired than milk powder.
- the content of the milk component in the milk drink is usually 4 to 60% by weight, preferably 8 to 25% by weight in terms of milk. -[Other ingredients]
- the milk beverage of the present invention may contain other known stabilizers such as emulsion stabilizers, sugars, flavors and vitamins.
- emulsion stabilizers include lecithin, lysolecithin, glycerin fatty acid ester, diglycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, and organic acid monoglyceride.
- milk beverage of the present invention examples include milk coffee and milk tea, but milk coffee is preferred.
- the milk beverage of the present invention is usually prepared in advance with an emulsion stabilizer containing a sucrose fatty acid ester of less than HLB 10 and a polyglycerin fatty acid ester and a sucrose fatty acid ester of HLB 10 and more. It is prepared by mixing
- the emulsion stabilizer may contain other components added to the milk beverage.
- the total content of sucrose fatty acid esters of less than 10 HLB, polyglycerol fatty acid esters, and sucrose fatty acid esters of more than 10 HLB contained in the emulsion stabilizer is usually 50 to 100% by weight. It is preferably 70 to 100% by weight, more preferably 90 to 100% by weight.
- the compounding ratio of each emulsifier contained in the emulsion stabilizer is usually the same as the compounding ratio of each emulsifier in the above-mentioned milk beverage.
- the amount of the emulsion stabilizer of the present invention to be added to the milk beverage is usually 0.05 to 0.3% by weight.
- the milk beverage of the present invention is also prepared by individually mixing sucrose fatty acid esters of less than HLB 10, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, and sucrose fatty acid esters of HLB 10 or more with other components. can do.
- the milk beverage of the present invention is usually prepared by mixing a coffee or black tea extract with milk components such as sugar and milk, then mixing an aqueous solution of an emulsion stabilizer, adjusting the pH by adding sodium bicarbonate, and then using a homogenizer. To perform homogenization.
- a pH adjuster such as sodium bicarbonate
- the pH of milk coffee is preferably 5.0 to 7.0, more preferably 6.0 to 6.6.
- the milk beverage thus prepared is sterilized by heating.
- the sterilization method may be either retort sterilization or UHT sterilization, but in the present invention, it is preferable to perform UHT sterilization.
- the UHT sterilization used in the present invention is an ultrahigh temperature sterilization at a sterilization temperature of 130 to 150 ° C and a sterilization value (F0) at 121 ° C corresponding to 10 to 50.
- UHT sterilization is a well-known method such as a steam injection method in which steam is directly blown into a beverage, a direct heating method such as a steam infusion method in which a beverage is injected into water vapor and heated, and an indirect heating method using a surface heat exchanger such as a plate or tube.
- a plate-type sterilizer can be used.
- the median particle size (the particle size at which the total frequency of occurrence of the particle size is 50%) was measured using LA-500 manufactured by HOL IBA.
- the cream-off amount (emulsification stability) was evaluated by TurbiScan MA2000, manufactured by Formul Corporation.
- these milk coffees were stored at 40 ° C for 2 months, and the re-dispersibility of the milk ring formed on the liquid surface due to the floating of the milk components was evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Milk component ascent rate is 4 dB (%) / d ay or more and less than 5 dB (%) / d ay
- Milk component ascent rate is 5 dB (%) / day or more and less than 6 dB (%) / day
- X Milk component ascent rate is 6 dB '(%) / day or more
- dB (%) is an abbreviation for deltaBackscattering, which is the rate of change of the backscattered light intensity.
- the milk ring redispersibility in Table 1 was evaluated as follows. * Milk ring redispersibility evaluation criteria
- Emulsion stabilizer Emulsion stability Polyglycerin fatty acid 2 sucrose fatty acid ester Immediately after sterilization
- Example 1 16 300 5 100 ⁇ 100 300 0.49
- Comparative Example 1 16 300 5 0 ⁇ 100 400 0.50 * ⁇
- Acid ester Acid ester Stinic acid ester ⁇ ⁇ Note 1) Sucrose palmitic acid ester Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd. Product name Lyotosugar ester P—1670
- sucrose fatty acid ester and polyglycerin sugar fatty acid ester indicates the amount in milk drink.
- the milk beverage of the present invention can suppress the rise of milk components after heat sterilization by adding a specific emulsion stabilizer, and has good emulsion stability after long-term storage.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Dairy Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003302581A AU2003302581A1 (en) | 2002-12-03 | 2003-11-20 | Milk beverage containing sucrose fatty acid ester and polyglycerol fatty acid ester |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002350912 | 2002-12-03 | ||
JP2002-350912 | 2002-12-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004049813A1 true WO2004049813A1 (ja) | 2004-06-17 |
Family
ID=32463126
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2003/014802 WO2004049813A1 (ja) | 2002-12-03 | 2003-11-20 | ショ糖脂肪酸エステルとポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを含有する乳飲料 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2009207500A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20050084764A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1324973C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003302581A1 (ja) |
TW (2) | TW201041518A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004049813A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP5956924B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-16 | 2016-07-27 | 三菱化学フーズ株式会社 | 脂肪含有酸性飲料 |
CH707314A1 (de) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-13 | Innoprax Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von kalten Kaffeemilchgetränken. |
CN103005598B (zh) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-10-29 | 贾明跃 | 一种植物饮料及其制备方法 |
CN104824161A (zh) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-08-12 | 内蒙古蒙牛乳业(集团)股份有限公司 | 含乳饮料及其制备方法 |
CN106106961A (zh) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-16 | 广州嘉德乐生化科技有限公司 | 一种咖啡乳饮料及其制备方法 |
JP7070135B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-20 | 2022-05-18 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 乳化組成物及び飲料 |
CN112218541A (zh) * | 2018-06-08 | 2021-01-12 | 三菱化学食品株式会社 | 饮料、乳化油脂组合物和乳化剂组合物 |
CN114617166A (zh) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-06-14 | 内蒙古蒙牛乳业(集团)股份有限公司 | 牛奶谷物组合物及其制备方法 |
CN114916657A (zh) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-08-19 | 郑州百瑞生物制品有限公司 | 一种灭菌型浓缩椰乳饮料稳定剂及其制备方法和用途 |
Citations (6)
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JPH06245742A (ja) * | 1993-02-25 | 1994-09-06 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 缶入り飲料 |
JPH07289164A (ja) * | 1994-04-22 | 1995-11-07 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | ミルクコーヒー用乳化剤組成物およびミルクコーヒー飲料の製造法 |
JPH09121764A (ja) * | 1995-11-02 | 1997-05-13 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 缶入りミルク飲料およびその製造方法 |
JP2000333599A (ja) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-12-05 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 乳飲料 |
JP2002119211A (ja) * | 2000-10-18 | 2002-04-23 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | L値24以下の焙煎コーヒー豆より得られるコーヒー抽出液及び乳成分を含有する均一なコーヒー |
JP2002125588A (ja) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-05-08 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 液状乳成分より調製され、かつuht殺菌された乳飲料 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63102659A (ja) * | 1986-10-18 | 1988-05-07 | Kanebo Foods Ltd | 密封容器入飲料 |
JP3509566B2 (ja) * | 1997-07-11 | 2004-03-22 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 乳飲料 |
JP3789648B2 (ja) * | 1997-07-11 | 2006-06-28 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 乳飲料 |
JP3651882B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-14 | 2005-05-25 | 三菱化学フーズ株式会社 | 乳成分含有弱酸性飲料および当該飲料用の配合組成物 |
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2003
- 2003-11-20 KR KR1020047011579A patent/KR20050084764A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-11-20 WO PCT/JP2003/014802 patent/WO2004049813A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-11-20 AU AU2003302581A patent/AU2003302581A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-20 CN CNB2003801001834A patent/CN1324973C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-11-28 TW TW099124476A patent/TW201041518A/zh unknown
- 2003-11-28 TW TW092133607A patent/TW200421980A/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2009
- 2009-06-25 JP JP2009150581A patent/JP2009207500A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06245742A (ja) * | 1993-02-25 | 1994-09-06 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 缶入り飲料 |
JPH07289164A (ja) * | 1994-04-22 | 1995-11-07 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | ミルクコーヒー用乳化剤組成物およびミルクコーヒー飲料の製造法 |
JPH09121764A (ja) * | 1995-11-02 | 1997-05-13 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 缶入りミルク飲料およびその製造方法 |
JP2000333599A (ja) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-12-05 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 乳飲料 |
JP2002119211A (ja) * | 2000-10-18 | 2002-04-23 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | L値24以下の焙煎コーヒー豆より得られるコーヒー抽出液及び乳成分を含有する均一なコーヒー |
JP2002125588A (ja) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-05-08 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 液状乳成分より調製され、かつuht殺菌された乳飲料 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW200421980A (en) | 2004-11-01 |
KR20050084764A (ko) | 2005-08-29 |
TWI353218B (ja) | 2011-12-01 |
AU2003302581A1 (en) | 2004-06-23 |
JP2009207500A (ja) | 2009-09-17 |
CN1324973C (zh) | 2007-07-11 |
TW201041518A (en) | 2010-12-01 |
CN1691891A (zh) | 2005-11-02 |
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