WO1999047969A1 - Dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides et son procede de production - Google Patents
Dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides et son procede de production Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999047969A1 WO1999047969A1 PCT/JP1999/001432 JP9901432W WO9947969A1 WO 1999047969 A1 WO1999047969 A1 WO 1999047969A1 JP 9901432 W JP9901432 W JP 9901432W WO 9947969 A1 WO9947969 A1 WO 9947969A1
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- liquid crystal
- resin film
- substrate
- crystal display
- layer
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
- G02F1/13394—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers regularly patterned on the cell subtrate, e.g. walls, pillars
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133377—Cells with plural compartments or having plurality of liquid crystal microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. one microcell per pixel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133305—Flexible substrates, e.g. plastics, organic film
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/02—Materials and properties organic material
- G02F2202/022—Materials and properties organic material polymeric
- G02F2202/023—Materials and properties organic material polymeric curable
- G02F2202/025—Materials and properties organic material polymeric curable thermocurable
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element and a method for manufacturing the same, and in particular, it is possible to display a bright color image even with a reflection type by providing a plurality of liquid crystal layers on one substrate.
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device and a method for manufacturing the same. Background technology
- liquid crystal display devices display images by controlling the light transmitted to each pixel by combining a twisted nematic liquid crystal and a polarizing plate. Have been.
- the liquid crystal display element that displays a color image has a microphone that transmits red, green, or blue light corresponding to each of the three adjacent pixels. By setting up a filter, a color image can be displayed by additive color mixing.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos As shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 84224, each color is used with a dichroic dye.
- a guest-host mode liquid crystal display device that controls the absorption and transmission of light has been proposed.
- This liquid crystal display device is composed of a plurality of panels each having a liquid crystal layer containing dichroic dyes of different colors. Specifically, three liquid crystal panels, each containing a liquid crystal containing a dichroic dye of cyan, yellow, or yellow, are sandwiched between a pair of glass substrates, and all layers are stacked.
- This type of guest-host mode liquid crystal display device displays bright and vivid colors because light is not absorbed by the color filter or the polarizing plate. It is also suitable for reflective liquid crystal display devices.
- each pixel is formed when the pixels become finer. Because the thickness of the glass substrate is relatively large compared to the pixels, the effect of parallax increases, and color shift occurs when the displayed image is viewed from an angle. There are issues.
- a so-called polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 6-337643 has been proposed. Proposed.
- a resist host or a host material is provided on a substrate 1291 as shown in FIG.
- the liquid crystal layer is formed by laminating liquid crystal layers 1295 to 1297 in which the liquid crystal 1299 is dispersed and held to be solidified.
- drive electrodes 1229 to 12 connected to drive elements provided on one substrate 1291 corresponding to each liquid crystal layer 1295 to 1297. 9 4 is formed.
- the parallax is not required between the liquid crystal layers 1295 to 1297 so that a glass substrate is not required.
- a guest-host mode liquid crystal display element free from color shift can be obtained.
- such a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element is required to disperse and maintain the guest-host liquid crystal 1299 in the resist material or the polymer material 128.
- the ratio of the resist material or the high-molecular material 128 in the liquid crystal layer 122 to 297 becomes large (the ratio of the guest host liquid crystal 129 to the It becomes smaller.) For this reason, there is a problem that the actual aperture ratio becomes small and it is difficult to increase the contrast ratio.
- a liquid crystal display device as shown in FIG. 80 in Japanese Patent Application No. 9-127057.
- a film-like sealing plate 111-111 is provided on a substrate 111 as a supporting member (speaker) 111-111.
- Liquid crystal 1 1 2 5-1 1 1 between the substrate 1 1 0 1 and the sealing plate 1 1 1 3 and between each sealing plate 1 1 1 3 to 1 1 1 5 27 is enclosed.
- the film-like sealing plates 11 13 to 11 15 supported by the supporting members 111 to 111 as described above, the glass is reduced.
- the supporting members 111 to 110 of the liquid crystal display element as described above are, for example, provided for each layer as a substrate 111 or a sealing plate 111, 113, or A photosensitive resin is applied on 114, and only the part that forms the support member 110-111 is polymerized and cured by mask exposure, and then the other parts are developed. It is formed by removing.
- the supporting members 1 1 108 to 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 If they are not formed at the same position, the sealing plates 1 1 1 3 to 1 1 1 5 will not be reliably supported. Specifically, the positioning accuracy of the supporting members 111 to 111 is not sufficient.
- the supporting members 111, 110 If the position is shifted, as shown in Fig. 81 (b), depending on the pressure when the sealing plate 111 and the substrate 111 are bonded together, etc.
- the sealing plates 1 1 1 3... are deformed or the amount of displacement is large
- the supporting members 1 1 0 2 of the second display layer 1 1 2 2 as shown in FIG. 9 penetrates into the first display layer 111, and the structures of the first display layer 111 and the second display layer 112 are destroyed. Therefore, when the support members 108-110 of each layer are formed by mask exposure as described above, it is necessary to perform accurate mask alignment.
- the support members 1108... are areas where the light transmittance is not controlled, in order to increase the aperture ratio, the support members 1108-11 in the pixel are required. It is preferable to make the area occupied by 10 as small as possible, but in order to do so, it is necessary to further improve the positioning accuracy of the mask. Specifically, for example, when the support members 110... Are formed to have a size of 7 m square, if the displacement of the support members 110. Destruction of the 1st display layer 1 1 1 7 etc. will occur. Therefore, it is necessary to align the mask so that the above-mentioned misalignment is 3 / m or less.
- the present inventors have already invented a liquid crystal display element which has solved the problem of the liquid crystal display element shown in FIG. 79, and applied for such an invention (Japanese Patent Application No. 9-127507). It is doing.
- the invention according to Japanese Patent Application No. 9-112757 is an invention on which the present invention is based, and comprises a liquid crystal layer filled with liquid crystal between a substrate and a sealing film. In this configuration, the sealing film is supported by the support member.
- the ratio of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer can be increased, and the effective aperture ratio is increased and the contrast ratio is increased as compared with the conventional example. And came out.
- the invention underlying the present invention is characterized by the following method (1) or (2) as a method for forming a sealing film on a support member.
- the sealing film is released from the surface of the plate member and sealed.
- the mold release was not performed smoothly, and the transfer of the sealing film did not occur, resulting in a decrease in the yield.
- the transfer film becomes Occurs because it is not transferred to the top.
- the area occupied by the support member be as small as possible in order to increase the aperture ratio.
- the adhesion area between the support member and the transfer film is also reduced, so that the force is concentrated on the small area when releasing the mold, and transfer and release cannot be performed. was there.
- the solid film when the solid film is formed on the substrate on which the support member is formed, the solid film may be thinly covered on the support member. Since the solid film was sandwiched between the sealing film and the sealing film, the adhesion was not performed, and the sealing film was lifted, which reduced the yield.
- the support member and the sealing film may be smoothly bonded to each other. If the area of the liquid crystal display device is increased, the aperture ratio becomes lower, so that the brightness and contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display element are deteriorated, and the display quality is reduced. Therefore, it is desirable that the area occupied by the support member in the pixel be 10% or less of the pixel area. In this case, the sealing film only adheres in a small area on the support member, and the other portions float in the air, so that the adhesion between the support member and the sealing film is reduced. If it was not enough, it would cause the yield to decrease as described above.
- the step of bonding the support member on the substrate and the sealing film and forming a gap between the substrate and the sealing film involves sealing with a small area on the support member. Since it was necessary to bond and bond the membranes, there was difficulty in bonding.
- thermobonding As a method of bonding the resin film to the substrate, there is a thermal bonding (heat seal). Adhesion by thermal bonding is performed by using a so-called laminating machine by passing a laminated substrate and a resin film between at least one of the heated rollers. In addition, the resin film is bonded on the board due to the thermoplasticity of the resin film.This is an effective method when the board and the resin film are bonded without gaps. is there. When an attempt is made to bond a support member and a resin film as a sealing film using this method, the resin film or the support member needs to have thermoplasticity. .
- the resin film softens and deforms according to the shapes of the substrate and the support member, and only on the support member. Did not allow the resin film to adhere.
- the support member was heated to a temperature having thermoplasticity, the softened support member was crushed by laminating.
- the resin film or the supporting member is made to have thermoplasticity, a gap for sealing the liquid crystal cannot be formed between the resin film and the substrate. The gap has become extremely narrow.
- liquid crystal display elements are thin and light, they are widely used as displays for portable information terminals. Since the liquid crystal panel itself is a light-receiving element (or non-light-emitting element) that does not emit light by itself, a liquid crystal display element generally has a reflector disposed on the back of the liquid crystal panel to improve the reflection of external light. Reflective liquid crystal display elements, which are used for display, and transmissive liquid crystal display elements, in which a package light is placed on the back of the liquid crystal panel to project the light of the package light for display. it can.
- a liquid crystal can be driven at a low voltage of several volts, and in the case of the above-mentioned reflective liquid crystal display element, display is performed using external light without using a backlight. Power consumption is extremely low.
- the three colors of cyan, magenta, and yellow are displayed based on the so-called subtractive color mixing principle.
- the present inventors have disclosed a reflective color liquid crystal display device in which three host liquid crystal layers are laminated (for example, Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 6-8266324).
- the reflective color liquid crystal display element is provided between a lower substrate 1301 and an upper substrate 132, each of which is cyan, yellow, or yellow. It comprises three liquid crystal layers 1303 to 1305 filled with one guest-host liquid crystal.
- a thin film transistor (hereinafter referred to as a TFT element) 1306 to 1308 and a first pixel electrode 1309 serving also as a reflection film are provided on the lower substrate 1301.
- a first insulating film 1311 supported by the first photosensitive polyimide 1310 is formed on the lower substrate 1301. It is provided.
- a second pixel electrode 1312 and a second photosensitive polyimide 1314 are provided on the first insulating film 1311. The second pixel electrode 1312 is connected to the TFT element 1307 via the opening 1313.
- a third insulating film 1315 supported by the second photosensitive polyimide 1314 is provided.
- a third pixel electrode 1316 and a third photosensitive polyimide 1317 are provided on the third insulating film 1315.
- the third pixel electrode 13 16 is connected to the TFT element 13 08 via the opening 13 18.
- a common electrode 1319 is provided on the third photosensitive polyimide 1317.
- a voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 13 03 by the first pixel electrode 13 09 and the second pixel electrode 13 12 on the substrate, and the second liquid crystal layer 13 4 is applied with a voltage by the second pixel electrode 1312 and the third pixel electrode 1316, and the third liquid crystal layer 1305 is connected to the third pixel electrode 1316 and the common electrode.
- the voltage is applied by 13 19.
- the above-mentioned conventional reflective color liquid crystal display element has room for improvement with respect to the following points. That is, in general, the yield tends to decrease as the process proceeds, for example, a liquid crystal layer is sequentially laminated on a TFT array substrate. Therefore, if a defect or the like is found in the liquid crystal layer, even the expensive TFT array substrate is discarded, resulting in an increase in cost.
- the pattern of the pixel electrodes formed on the substrate is a simple matrix liquid crystal such as TN (Twisted Nematic) or STN (Super Twisted Nematic), it is suitable for the model. Therefore, it is necessary to perform an etching process so that the formation pattern of the pixel electrode is different. Therefore, the pixel electrode forming process becomes complicated, and the manufacturing cost of the liquid crystal panel is reduced. This has prevented the reduction of product costs.
- the plastic substrate itself is expensive, and the heat resistance is inferior to that of a glass substrate or the like, making it difficult to form or process a transparent electrode. As a result, the cost is higher. Presentation of the invention
- the group of the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned situation, and does not require a mask positioning step when forming a support member, and can reduce manufacturing costs. It is another object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display element and a method of manufacturing the same, which can easily increase the contrast ratio by reducing the area occupied by the support member.
- the present invention is bright, has a high contrast ratio, and can be applied to a reflective liquid crystal display element, so that there is no color shift due to parallax, and the method is simple. It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display element and a method for manufacturing the same, which are capable of improving the production yield.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element which simplifies a contact hole forming step and enables reliable conduction between an electrode and a conductive member. It is the purpose.
- the present invention can reduce or prevent the occurrence of wrinkles in the resin film due to the formation of the electrodes on the resin film by the sniffing process.
- An object is to provide a liquid crystal display element.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element which can improve the yield and reduce the production cost, and a method for producing the same.
- the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is directed to a method in which a pixel electrode and a driving element connected to the pixel electrode are formed on an upper surface.
- a liquid crystal is sealed between the substrate and the resin film, and an adhesive layer interposed between the plurality of support members and the resin film to bond the resin film and the support member.
- the gap is provided between the substrate and the resin film, and the liquid crystal is sealed in the gap to form the liquid crystal layer. Therefore, the ratio of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal display element is increased. Thus, the effective aperture ratio is increased, and a high contrast ratio and a bright display can be realized.
- the adhesive layer develops thermoplasticity and bonds the support member and the resin film, the resin film deforms along the support member, and a gap for enclosing the liquid crystal is formed.
- the narrowing can be prevented beforehand, and the substrate and the resin film are maintained at a constant interval. Therefore, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is kept constant, and the display performance is improved.
- the invention according to claim 2 includes a transparent substrate on which a pixel electrode and a driving element connected to the pixel electrode are formed on an upper surface, and a plurality of resin films disposed above the substrate. Therefore, a common electrode is formed on the upper surface of the resin film at the uppermost position, and a pixel electrode is formed on the upper surface of the other resin films.
- a plurality of liquid crystal layers formed by filling liquid crystal in gaps formed by interposing a large number of columnar supporting members between the substrate and the resin film and between the resin films. And each of the resin filters is provided on the upper surface of the substrate.
- a liquid crystal display element having a structure in which the liquid crystal display element and the driving element are electrically connected to each other, wherein an adhesive layer is interposed between the support members and the resin film, and the adhesive layer is formed of The adhesive layer develops thermoplasticity to obtain an adhesive state between the resin film and the support member.
- the support member existing between the substrate and the resin film, and the resin film The supporting member existing between the films is characterized by being located at substantially the same position with respect to a plane parallel to the substrate.
- a multi-layer liquid crystal display element using a resin film which has the same function as the first aspect of the invention, is configured.
- the support member in which the support member exists between the substrate and the resin film and the support member in which the support member exists between the resin films are substantially at the same position with respect to a plane parallel to the substrate. For this reason, the support members are arranged in a straight line in the direction perpendicular to the substrate. As a result, the resin film of each layer can be reliably supported, and the deformation of the support member due to the displacement of the support member between the layers and the destruction of the liquid crystal layer can be prevented. .
- the invention according to claim 3 or 4 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the resin film has a more thermoplastic property than a non-thermoplastic material or an adhesive layer.
- the support member is a material having a higher temperature at which the material develops, and the support member is made of a material having no thermoplasticity or a material having a higher temperature at which the material develops thermoplasticity than the adhesive layer. Also, it is characterized in that it is cured before bonding.
- the invention according to claim 5 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 2, wherein the liquid crystal layer and the resin film are laminated in three sets each, and the liquid crystal forming the three liquid crystal layers is It is characterized by being a guest-host liquid crystal containing dichroic dyes of different colors.
- liquid crystal display element capable of full-color display is configured.
- the invention according to claim 6 or 7 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the substrate is a transparent substrate, and the support member and the adhesive layer support the surface of the substrate.
- a light-shielding film is formed at the member forming position, and the light-shielding film is a photomask, which is a positive type photoresist formed by a photolithography method. And.
- the position accuracy of the support member is high, so that the area occupied by the support member can be reduced and the contrast ratio can be increased. Easy.
- the invention according to claim 8 or 9 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the substrate is a transparent substrate, and the support member and the adhesive layer are support members on a substrate surface.
- a light-shielding film is formed in a portion other than the formation portion. This light-shielding film is used as a photomask, and is a negative type photo resist formed by a photolithography method. And. Also in this configuration, the positional accuracy of the support member is improved as in the invention described in claim 6 or 7.
- the invention according to claim 10 or 11 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the distance between the supporting members present in a pixel region among the plurality of supporting members is: 1 5 ⁇ m to l 0 0 ⁇ m It is characterized by being within.
- the reason for regulating the distance between the support members is that if the distance between the support members is too large, the resin film will sag between the support members and the distance between the substrate and the resin film will be constant. This is because they cannot be maintained and cause a decrease in color blur and contrast ratio.
- the spacing between the support members is too small, the number of support members is too large, which causes a decrease in the aperture ratio.
- the invention according to claim 12 or 13 is characterized in that, in the liquid crystal display element according to claim 1 or 2, the thickness of the resin film is 0.5 m to 10 / zm.
- the thickness of the resin film is regulated for the following reasons. That is, when the average of the thickness of the resin film is smaller than 0.5 m, wrinkles are easily generated in the resin film. If the average thickness of the resin film is larger than 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , the voltage drop in the resin film becomes too large compared to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer. .
- the specific resistance of the resin film is specified for the following reason. That is, when the specific resistance of the resin off I Lum is 1 0 1 ° ⁇ . Cm by Ri yet large, Ri Do large active voltage drop in the resin off Lee Lum compared to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer Because it is too much.
- the invention according to claim 16 or 17 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 2 or claim 5, wherein the plurality of resin films are resin films having optical anisotropy.
- the resin film is characterized in that the slow axes of the resin film are all arranged in the same direction. According to the above configuration, light attenuation due to optical anisotropy of the resin film can be suppressed, and a bright display can be realized.
- the invention according to claim 18 or 19 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the resin film has air permeability, and the common electrode has a reflective property. It is made of a material, and also has a feature that it also functions as a shielding film for preventing oxygen and moisture in the outside air from entering the element via the resin film.
- the invention according to claim 20 or 21 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the resin film has air permeability, and oxygen and moisture in the outside air are reduced by the resin film.
- a shielding film is formed on the common electrode to prevent intrusion into the element through the common electrode.
- the invention according to claim 22 or 23 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the common electrode is a transparent electrode, and the shielding film is a metal material having reflection characteristics. It is characterized by comprising a reflector.
- the invention according to claim 24 or 25 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the common electrode is a transparent electrode, and a large number of fine electrodes are formed on the surface of the common electrode.
- a transparent resin layer having an uneven shape is formed, and a reflective film having an uneven shape according to the surface shape is formed on this resin layer. It is characterized by the fact that is formed.
- the light reflection characteristic of the reflection film becomes diffusive, and the deterioration of display performance due to the reflection of the light source can be prevented as compared with the case where the reflection film is specular. it can.
- the adhesive layer is made of a thermoplastic material, and the adhesive layer
- the resin film and the support member are bonded together by expressing thermoplasticity.
- a transparent resin layer having a large number of fine irregularities on the surface is formed on the upper surface of the resin film. On this resin layer, the uneven shape according to the surface shape Reflective film Ri Contact is formed, it features that you reflecting film this also serves as a common electrode.
- the invention according to claim 27 provides a substrate on which a pixel electrode and a driving element connected to the pixel electrode are formed on an upper surface, and a plurality of resin films disposed above the substrate.
- a pixel electrode is formed on the upper surface of another resin film other than the uppermost resin film, such a plurality of resin films, a substrate and a resin film.
- Driving elements corresponding to the pixel electrodes on each of the resin films are provided on the upper surface of the substrate, and three-dimensional elements provided in association with the pixel electrodes on the resin films are provided.
- a liquid crystal display element having a structure in which a pixel electrode on the resin film and a driving element are electrically connected by wiring, and an adhesive layer is provided between each of the support members and the resin film.
- the adhesive layer is made of a material having thermoplasticity, and the adhesive layer exhibits thermoplasticity to obtain an adhesive state between the resin film and the support member.
- the supporting member existing between the resin film and the supporting member and the supporting member existing between the resin films are located at substantially the same position with respect to the plane parallel to the substrate, and On the upper surface of the resin film, a transparent film with many fine irregularities A characteristic resin layer is formed, and a reflective film having an uneven shape corresponding to the surface shape is formed on the resin layer, and the reflective film also serves as a common electrode. .
- the invention according to claim 28 is a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element, wherein a number of columnar support members are provided on a transparent substrate on which a pixel electrode and a driving element connected to the pixel electrode are formed.
- a resin film bonding step of bonding the resin film on the support member while maintaining a gap between the substrate and the resin film and
- a common electrode forming step of forming a common electrode on the upper surface of the film and a liquid crystal sealing step of sealing liquid crystal between the substrate and the resin film.
- an extremely thin resin film can be easily bonded to the support member.
- the liquid crystal is sealed in the gap between the substrate and the resin film to form the liquid crystal layer, so that the ratio of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal display element can be increased, and the liquid crystal layer can be substantially increased.
- the liquid crystal display element having a high contrast ratio and a high contrast ratio and a bright display can be manufactured.
- a resin film is used as a sealing film, and the resin film is bonded to a supporting member via an adhesive layer. In this way, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the production yield which may cause a problem beforehand.
- the invention according to claim 29 is a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element, wherein a large number of support members are formed on a transparent substrate on which a pixel electrode and a driving element connected to the pixel electrode are formed.
- a supporting member forming step of forming, an adhesive layer forming step of forming an adhesive layer on each of the supporting members, and a resin film laminated on the supporting member via the adhesive layer, and heated in this state thus, a resin film bonding step of bonding the resin film on the support member while maintaining a gap between the substrate and the resin film; and Forming an opening in the film; forming a pixel electrode on the resin film; and forming a corresponding drive element on the substrate and a pixel on the resin film through the opening.
- a process of electrically connecting the electrodes and A laminating step of alternately laminating a region for enclosing a crystal and a resin film wherein a step of forming a support member on the resin film bonded to the substrate; and Forming an adhesive layer, bonding a resin film on the support member, forming an opening in the resin film, and forming a pixel electrode on the resin film. And a pair on the substrate through the opening.
- the step of electrically connecting the corresponding drive element and the pixel electrode on the resin film is performed at least once so that the liquid crystal sealing region and the resin film can be connected to each other.
- a support member is further formed on such a laminating step, and a resin film laminated last in the laminating step, and an adhesive layer is formed on the support member. Bonding a topmost resin film on the support member, forming a common electrode on the topmost resin film, forming a liquid crystal sealing region between the substrate and the resin film, And injecting a liquid crystal into a liquid crystal sealing region between the resin films.
- a multi-layer liquid crystal display element having the same function as the invention described in claim 28 can be manufactured.
- the invention according to claim 30 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 29, wherein, in the step of forming the opening, reactive ion etching is used. An opening is formed in the resin film.
- the invention according to claim 31 or 32 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 28 or claim 29, wherein the resin film bonding step is performed by heating the liquid film. A step of pressing the resin film by the roller.
- the invention according to claim 33 or 34 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 32, wherein the temperature at which the adhesive layer exhibits thermoplasticity is the resin film. Is lower than the temperature at which The heating roller is used to heat the adhesive layer to a temperature higher than the temperature at which the adhesive layer develops plasticity and lower than the temperature at which the resin film develops plasticity.
- the adhesive layer is plasticized by the heated mouth lines, and the resin film is adhered to the support member via the adhesive layer.
- the support member and the resin film are not plasticized, it is possible to prevent the resin film from being deformed along the support member or the support member from being broken. Therefore, it is possible to easily attach the resin film to the support member while maintaining a gap corresponding to the height of the support member.
- the invention according to claim 35 or 36 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 32, wherein at least a surface portion of the heated roller has rigidity. It is characterized by being made of materials.
- the resin film is not deformed by the support member and the resin film is not deformed, and the resin film is adhered to the support member in a smooth state.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer can be made uniform, and display unevenness and defects can be prevented.
- the invention according to claim 37 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 28, wherein the supporting member forming step includes forming a light-shielding film at a supporting member forming portion on the substrate surface. After coating the light-shielding film and applying a first photoresist to the surface of the substrate, exposing the light-shielding film as a photomask from the back side of the substrate and then exposing the first positive resist 1 Is developed with a developing solution, and the first post-type resist is cured to form a support member on the substrate.
- the adhesive layer forming step includes the step of: After applying the second resist, the light-shielding film is exposed from the back side of the substrate as a photomask, and then the second positive resist is developed with a developing solution. And a step of forming an adhesive layer on the support member. According to the above configuration, it is not necessary to align the mask between the support member and the adhesive layer, the adhesive layer can be easily formed on the support member, and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the invention according to claim 38 or 39 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 28 or claim 29, wherein the resin layer forming step and the resin film bonding are performed.
- a resin film having an adhesive layer coated on one surface in advance is prepared, and the resin film is coated with the adhesive layer so that the surface covered with the adhesive layer faces the support member. Then, the resin film is attached to the support member by superimposing the resin film on the support member and heating in this state.
- the step of forming an adhesive layer on the support member is not required, and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the invention according to claim 40 or 41 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 28 or claim 29, wherein in the supporting member forming step, the plurality of supporting members are formed. It is characterized in that the support member existing in the pixel region is formed to have a width equal to or greater than the height.
- the roller is used to pass through the laminate when the resin film is overlaid on the support member.
- the support member can be prevented from being destroyed by one pressure, and the production yield can be increased.
- the invention according to claim 42 or 43 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 28 or claim 29, wherein the thickness of the resin film is 0.5 mm. m to 10 m.
- the thickness of the resin film is regulated for the following reasons. In other words, if the average thickness of the resin film is smaller than 0.5 // m, This is because the film is apt to wrinkle. If the average thickness of the resin film is larger than 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , the voltage drop in the resin film will be too large compared to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer. is there.
- the invention according to claim 44 or 45 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 28 or claim 29, wherein a main component of the resin film is a polyester resin. It is characterized by the following.
- the invention according to claim 46 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 28, wherein the step of bonding the support member and the resin film on the substrate includes the step of: It is characterized in that a vent is formed for ventilating the gap between the resin film and the outside and the outside.
- the invention according to claim 47 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 29, wherein the step of bonding the support member and the resin film on the substrate includes the step of: Forming a ventilation hole for ventilating the gap between the resin film and the outside, and bonding the resin film to the support member on the resin film during the step of bonding the resin film to the outside; It is characterized by forming a ventilation port for ventilating the gap between each other and the outside.
- the invention according to claim 48 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 46, wherein a portion of the liquid crystal display element around the display portion on the substrate is left unpartially adhered. By bonding the resin film and the resin film, a portion not bonded is provided as a vent.
- the air vent can be easily formed, and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the invention according to claim 49 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 47, wherein the resin is formed around a display portion on the substrate except for a part that is not bonded.
- the film and the resin film are bonded to each other, so that a portion not bonded is provided as a vent.
- the air vent can be easily formed, and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the invention according to claim 50 or 51 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 48 or claim 49, wherein the inner wall of the vent is subjected to a treatment for reducing surface tension. This is the feature.
- the invention according to claim 52 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 46, wherein the substrate and the resin film are bonded to each other around a display portion on the substrate, and Liquid crystal sealed area between resin films is once sealed After that, a through hole is formed in a part other than the display part of the resin film to form a ventilation port.
- the ventilation port can be easily formed, and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the invention according to claim 53 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 47, wherein the substrate, the resin film, and the resin film are arranged around a display portion on the substrate. After sealing the liquid crystal encapsulation area between the substrate and the resin film and between the resin film and the resin film, make through holes in the resin film other than the display part. It is characterized by being formed as a vent.
- the ventilation port can be easily formed, and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the invention according to claim 54 or 55 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 46 or 47, further comprising a step of closing the vent.
- the invention according to claim 56 is a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element, wherein a number of columnar support members are provided on a transparent substrate on which a pixel electrode and a driving element connected to the pixel electrode are formed. Forming a support member, forming an adhesive layer on each of the support members, and laminating a resin film on the support member via the adhesive layer, and heating in this state Accordingly, a bonding step of bonding the resin film on the support member while maintaining a gap between the substrate and the resin film, and a step of bonding the resin film on the upper surface of the resin film.
- a reflective film having a diffusive property can be easily formed on the liquid crystal layer.
- the invention according to claim 57 is a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element, wherein a large number of columnar supports are provided on a transparent substrate on which a pixel electrode and a driving element connected to the pixel electrode are formed.
- a support member forming step of forming a member, an adhesive layer forming step of forming an adhesive layer on each of the support members, and a resin film laminated on the support member via the adhesive layer, and heated in this state By doing so, a laminating step of laminating the resin film on the support member while maintaining a gap between the substrate and the resin film, and an opening in the resin film. Forming a pixel electrode on the resin film and forming a corresponding drive element on the substrate and a pixel electrode on the resin film through the opening.
- a laminating step of alternately laminating a region to be bonded and a resin film wherein a step of forming a support member on the resin film laminated on the substrate; and forming an adhesive layer on the support member Forming a pixel electrode on the resin film, forming an opening in the resin film, bonding a resin film on the support member, forming an opening in the resin film, and forming a pixel electrode on the resin film.
- the step of electrically connecting the corresponding drive element on the substrate and the pixel electrode on the resin film through the opening is performed at least once.
- Forming Forming an adhesive layer on the support member and bonding the uppermost resin film on the support member, and applying a photoresist on the upper surface of the uppermost resin film.
- a reflective film having a diffusive property can be easily formed on the liquid crystal layer.
- An invention according to claim 58 is a resin film structure, wherein a plurality of resin films including at least two resin films on which electrodes are formed are laminated, In a liquid crystal display element having a structure in which a liquid crystal layer is interposed between films, contact holes are formed through the entire laminated resin film, and at least a portion of each of the predetermined electrodes is formed. The conductive members formed on the inner peripheral surface of the contact hole are in contact with the exposed portions, protruding into the contact hole. Then, the predetermined electrodes are electrically connected to each other.
- the contact holes are formed by penetrating all the laminated resin films, so that any electrodes on the laminated resin films can be connected to each other. This will be possible.
- the contact area between the electrode and the conductive member increases. Therefore, reliable conduction between the electrode and the conductive member can be obtained.
- a liquid crystal display element with improved reliability with respect to the electrical connection state can be obtained.
- the invention according to claim 59 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 58, wherein the resin film comprises at least the first resin film and the second resin film. And the diameter of the contact hole of the second resin film is larger than the diameter of the contact hole of the first resin film adjacent to the second resin film.
- the first resin film is formed so as to be large, and is characterized in that the electrode on the first resin film protrudes into the contact hole and is exposed.
- the inner peripheral surface of the contact hole has a stepped shape, and the electrode on the first resin film forms a step surface. Therefore, the electrodes and the conductive members are reliably conducted.
- the invention according to claim 60 is a liquid crystal display device having a structure in which a plurality of resin films on which electrodes are formed are laminated and a liquid crystal layer is interposed between the resin films, wherein all of the laminated resin films are provided.
- a plurality of contact holes penetrating are formed, and predetermined electrodes among the plurality of electrodes are connected to each other through a conductive member formed on an inner peripheral surface of the contact hole. It is characterized by being electrically connected.
- the present invention is particularly effective when a complicated three-dimensional wiring structure is required.
- the invention according to claim 61 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 60, wherein the predetermined electrode is exposed in a contact hole.
- a conductive member is connected to the portion.
- the invention according to claim 62 is characterized in that, in the liquid crystal display element according to claim 61, the predetermined electrode is protruded and exposed in a contact hole.
- the contact area between the electrode and the conductive member is further increased. Therefore, more reliable conduction between the electrode and the conductive member can be obtained.
- the invention according to claim 63 provides a substrate on which at least the first and second driving elements are formed, and a first resin foil on which at least the first electrode is formed. And a second resin film on which a second electrode is formed to be laminated on the first resin film, between the substrate and the resin film, and between the substrate and the resin film.
- a liquid crystal display element having a structure in which a liquid crystal layer is interposed between films, at least the first resin film and the second resin film are laminated in a state where the first resin film and the second resin film are laminated.
- the voltage applied to the electrode can be controlled by the drive element.
- the invention according to claim 64 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 63, wherein the first and second electrodes are exposed in a contact hole. And a conductive member is connected to the exposed portion.
- the first and second electrodes and the conductive member are reliably conducted.
- the invention according to claim 65 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 64, wherein the first and second electrodes protrude and are exposed in the contact holes. Characterize.
- the contact area between the first and second electrodes and the conductive member becomes larger. It will be even bigger. Therefore, more reliable conduction between the first and second electrodes and the conductive member can be obtained.
- the invention according to claim 66 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 65, wherein the diameter of the contact hole of the second resin film is smaller than that of the first resin film. It is characterized in that the contact hole is also formed with a large diameter.
- the inner peripheral surface of the contact hole has a stepped shape, and the electrode on the first resin film forms a step surface. Therefore, conduction between the electrode and the conductive member is ensured.
- the voltage applied to each pixel electrode can be controlled by the driving element on the substrate, and a multi-layer liquid crystal display element using a resin film can be obtained.
- the invention according to claim 68 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 67, wherein the pixel electrode is exposed inside the contact hole for each contact hole.
- the conductive member is connected to the exposed portion.
- the contact area between the electrode and the conductive member increases due to the configuration in which the conductive member contacts the exposed portion of the pixel electrode. Therefore, reliable conduction between the electrode and the conductive member can be obtained. As a result, a liquid crystal display device having a multilayer structure with improved reliability with respect to the electrical connection state can be obtained.
- the invention according to claim 69 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 68, wherein the pixel electrode protrudes into the contact hole for each contact hole. It is characterized by being exposed.
- the invention according to claim 70 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 69, wherein the diameter of the contact hole of the upper resin film is smaller than that of the contact of the lower resin film. The feature is that the diameter of the hole is large.
- the inner peripheral surface of the contact hole is stepped, and the electrode on the lower resin film forms a step surface. Therefore, the pixel electrode and the conductive member are reliably conducted.
- the invention according to Claims 71, 72, 73, and 74 is characterized in that, in the liquid crystal display element, the electrode is made of a material having resistance to driving. It is characterized in that the contact hole is formed by a dry etching process.
- the invention according to claim 75 is a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element, comprising: a resin film laminating step of laminating a plurality of resin films on which electrodes are formed; and a laminated resin film.
- a conductive treatment step of electrically connecting predetermined electrodes to each other.
- a plurality of sets of desired electrodes can be electrically connected only by performing the contact hole forming step once. Therefore, the contact hole forming step can be simplified as compared with the conventional example.
- the invention according to claim 76 is a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element, wherein the first electrode is formed on a substrate on which at least the first and second driving elements are formed.
- the first resin film and the second electrode are formed.
- a resin film laminating step of laminating the second resin film and the second resin film in this order, and a first resin film that penetrates at least the first resin film and the second resin film.
- a contact hole forming step of forming a first contact hole, a first conductive member is filled in the first contact hole, and the second contact hole is filled with the first contact hole.
- a second conductive member, and the first drive element is electrically connected to the first electrode through a first conductive member, and the second drive member is electrically connected to the first electrode through a second conductive member.
- the invention according to claim 77 is a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element, wherein a plurality of resin foils on which electrodes made of a material having resistance to dry etching are formed. Films are laminated, a contact hole is formed in the laminated resin film, and a predetermined electrode of the plurality of electrodes is electrically connected to each other through the contact hole.
- a method of manufacturing a resin film structure that is electrically connected comprising: forming an electrode on the resin film only with respect to the predetermined electrode; Removing the electrode portion where the through hole is formed from the resin film so that the removal area is larger than the removal area of the lower electrode; and Forming contact holes by contacting. To. The electrode has resistance to draining, and the resin film has no resistance.
- the resin film is removed by the dry etching, but the electrodes are not removed.
- only a predetermined electrode is removed in a range larger than the lower electrode removal range.
- the contact hole is opened, only a predetermined electrode protrudes into the contact hole and is exposed. Therefore, a reliable conduction state between the predetermined electrode and the conductive member can be obtained, and the reliability of the electrical connection between the predetermined electrodes is improved.
- the invention according to claim 78 is a liquid crystal display element, comprising: a resin film; a wrinkle-reducing layer provided on the resin film and having impact resistance to spatter; And an electrode made of an inorganic material formed on the wrinkle alleviating layer by a method.
- the invention according to claim 79 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 78, characterized in that the thickness of the resin film is smaller than 10 m.
- the thickness of the resin film is regulated as described above for the following reasons. In other words, when the thickness is less than 10 ⁇ m, the impact resistance to spatter is extremely small, and wrinkles are remarkably generated without a wrinkle reducing layer. is there.
- the invention according to claim 80 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 78, wherein the relaxation layer is made of an organic resin containing silica particles or an acrylic resin.
- an organic resin or an acrylic resin containing silica particles is Since the impact resistance to spatter is great, wrinkles can be reliably prevented.
- a liquid crystal display device having a resin film without wrinkles is configured. As a result, unnecessary scattering due to wrinkles of the resin film does not occur, and display characteristics can be improved.
- the invention according to claim 82 is a substrate made of a transparent material, on which a reflective film is formed, and a sealing plate provided on a side of the substrate on which the reflective film is formed,
- a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer provided between the substrate and a sealing plate, wherein an opening is formed in the reflective film, and the substrate and the sealing are formed.
- the photosensitive resin is exposed through the opening at a position where the opening of the reflective film is formed between the sealing plate and the sealing plate. It is characterized in that a supporting member for supporting is provided.
- the position accuracy of the support member is high, so that it is easy to reduce the area occupied by the support member and increase the contrast ratio. Can be used.
- the invention according to claim 83 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 82, wherein the photosensitive resin is a negative resist.
- the invention according to claim 84 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 83, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes a polymer and a liquid crystal dispersed and held in the polymer. It is characterized by including.
- the liquid crystal layer is formed by the liquid crystal that has been consumed by the exposure of the mixed solution to form the support member, so that the substantial aperture ratio is large, and It is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display element having a higher last ratio.
- the invention according to claim 87 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 86, wherein three sets of the liquid crystal layer and the sealing plate are provided, and each of the liquid crystal layers is a cyan liquid, a cyan liquid, and a liquid crystal layer. It is characterized in that it contains a guest-host liquid crystal containing dichroic dyes and liquid crystals of different colors from each other.
- the invention according to claim 88 wherein a step of forming a reflective film having the opening on the substrate; and a step of forming a photosensitive resin layer on the substrate on which the reflective film is formed.
- Forming the photosensitive resin layer exposing the photosensitive resin layer from the substrate side through the opening of the reflective film, and curing the photosensitive resin layer. Removing the unexposed portions by development to form the support member, bringing the sealing plate into close contact with the support member, and applying a liquid crystal between the substrate and the sealing plate. And a step of forming the liquid crystal layer by sealing the liquid crystal layer.
- the invention of claim 89 is the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element of claim 88, characterized in that the photosensitive resin layer is formed from a negative resist. .
- the invention according to claim 90 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 88, wherein the step of forming the liquid crystal layer includes a step of forming a liquid crystal and a photosensitive material between the substrate and the sealing plate. Enclosing a mixed solution containing a molecular precursor, and exposing the mixed solution from the sealing plate side to cure the polymer precursor in the mixed solution, thereby obtaining a polymer and Forming the liquid crystal layer containing the liquid crystal dispersed and held in the polymer, and fixing the sealing plate to the substrate.
- the substrate and the sealing plate can be easily and securely fixed by the polymer cured by the exposure.
- the invention according to claim 91 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 88, wherein the step of bringing the sealing plate into close contact with the supporting member includes the supporting member or the sealing plate. A step of applying an adhesive to at least one of them, and a step of fixing the sealing plate to the substrate.
- the invention according to claim 92 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 91, wherein the bonding step includes at least one of the support member and the sealing plate.
- the method is characterized in that it includes a step of applying an adhesive to the substrate.
- the substrate and the sealing plate can be easily and reliably fixed without using a mixed solution containing a liquid crystal and a photosensitive polymer precursor.
- the actual aperture ratio can be increased, and a liquid crystal display element with a higher contrast ratio can be manufactured.
- the invention according to claim 93 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 88, wherein a step of forming a new photosensitive resin layer on the sealing plate; and A step of exposing from the substrate side through the opening of the reflective film and the already formed support member and curing, and an exposure by shielding the reflective film in the new photosensitive resin layer A step of forming a new supporting member by removing a portion which has not been formed by development, and a step of bringing a new sealing plate into close contact with the new supporting member; The step of enclosing liquid crystal and forming a new liquid crystal layer between the new sealing plate and the new liquid crystal layer is performed at least once, thereby forming a plurality of liquid crystal layers. And are characterized. As a result, a liquid crystal display element capable of displaying a single color image can be manufactured.
- the invention of claim 94 is a step of forming a reflective film having the opening on the substrate, and an auxiliary support member in a predetermined area on the substrate other than the area where the opening of the reflective film is formed.
- Forming a liquid crystal a step of adhering the sealing plate to the auxiliary support member, and sealing a mixed solution containing a liquid crystal and a photosensitive polymer precursor between the substrate and the sealing plate.
- the support member is formed at the position of the opening without fail, and the positional accuracy of the support member can be easily increased.
- the area occupied by the support member can be reduced without causing destruction, etc., and the liquid crystal layer depends on the liquid crystal remaining after the formation of the support member by exposure to the mixed solution. Since the liquid crystal display element is formed by the above method, a substantial aperture ratio can be increased, and a liquid crystal display element having a higher contrast ratio can be manufactured. In addition, since it is not necessary to align the mask as in the case where a separate mask is used, manufacturing costs can be reduced.
- the invention according to claim 96 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 94, wherein a new auxiliary support member is provided on the already formed sealing plate at a position corresponding to the already formed auxiliary support member.
- a feature is that a plurality of liquid crystal layers are formed.
- the liquid crystal layer is formed by the liquid crystal remaining after the formation of the support member by the exposure of the mixed solution, so that the substantial aperture ratio is large and the contrast is high.
- a liquid crystal display element having a higher ratio can be manufactured.
- liquid crystal display device capable of displaying a color image can be manufactured.
- the invention of claim 99 has a substrate made of a transparent material, a sealing plate provided facing the substrate, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the substrate and the sealing plate.
- a liquid crystal display element wherein a light-shielding film is formed in a predetermined region of the substrate, and a photosensitive resin is formed between the substrate and the sealing plate at a position where the light-shielding film is formed.
- a support member for supporting the sealing plate which is formed by exposing a portion where the light-shielding film is not formed.
- the position accuracy of the support member is high, so that it is easy to reduce the area occupied by the support member and increase the contrast ratio. Can be used.
- the invention according to claim 100 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 99, wherein the photosensitive resin is a positive resist.
- the invention of claim 101 is the liquid crystal display element of claim 99. Further, the light-shielding film is characterized by being formed from a black resist.
- the invention according to claim 102 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 99, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes a polymer and a liquid crystal dispersed and held in the polymer.
- the invention according to claim 103 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 99, wherein a plurality of the liquid crystal layers and a sealing plate are provided in a stack, and the light shielding film is provided between the sealing plates.
- a support member for supporting each sealing plate formed by exposing the photosensitive resin through the area where the light-shielding film is not formed is provided at the position where It is characterized by the fact that
- liquid crystal display device capable of displaying a single color image can be configured.
- the invention according to claim 104 wherein a step of forming a light-shielding film in a predetermined region on the substrate, a step of forming a photosensitive resin layer on the substrate on which the light-shielding film is formed, Exposing the photosensitive resin layer of the unformed portion from the substrate side, and removing the exposed portion of the photosensitive resin layer by development to form the light shielding film.
- the support member is formed at the position of the opening without fail, and the positional accuracy of the support member can be easily increased. Therefore, the liquid crystal layer due to the misalignment of the support member is formed. Thus, the area occupied by the support member can be reduced without causing breakage or the like, and a liquid crystal display element having a high contrast ratio can be manufactured. In addition, since there is no need to position the mask as in the case where a separate mask is used, manufacturing costs can be reduced.
- the invention according to claim 105 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 104, wherein the photosensitive resin layer is formed from a positive resist. are doing.
- the invention of claim 106 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element of claim 104, wherein the step of forming the liquid crystal layer comprises: a step of forming a liquid crystal and a photosensitive layer between the substrate and the sealing plate. Encapsulating a mixed solution containing the polymer precursor and the polymer solution by exposing the mixed solution from the sealing plate side and curing the high molecular precursor in the mixed solution. And forming the liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal dispersed and held in the polymer, and fixing the sealing plate to the substrate. ing.
- the invention of claim 107 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element of claim 104, wherein a step of forming a new photosensitive resin layer on a sealing plate, and the light-shielding film are formed. Exposing the portion of the new photosensitive resin layer that does not exist from the substrate side; Removing the exposed portion by development to form a new support member at the position where the light-shielding film is formed; and bringing a new sealing plate into close contact with the new support member. The step of sealing the liquid crystal and forming a new liquid crystal layer between the already formed sealing plate and the new sealing plate is performed at least once. In addition, a plurality of liquid crystal layers are formed.
- liquid crystal display device capable of displaying a color image can be manufactured.
- the invention according to claim 108 is a liquid crystal display device, comprising: a liquid crystal between a substrate having a common electrode provided on an inner surface thereof and a sealing plate supported by a support member provided on the common electrode. And a display layer formed by providing a pixel electrode on a surface of the sealing plate opposite to the surface facing the liquid crystal layer, and a non-linear structure for driving the liquid crystal layer. An element electrically connected to the non-linear element, an output electrode for outputting a drive voltage for driving the liquid crystal layer to the pixel electrode, and an electrode arranged to face the substrate.
- a connection means having an electrical connection function and a fixed connection function, wherein the connection means electrically connects the pixel electrode to the drive electrode.
- the configuration is essentially different from a configuration in which a liquid crystal layer is formed on an array substrate having a non-linear element as in a conventional liquid crystal display element.
- This is a configuration in which an array substrate having a non-linear element is fixedly connected to the array substrate by connecting means. Therefore, since the display layer and the array substrate are independently configured, even if a display defect is found in, for example, a liquid crystal layer, even the array substrate on which the nonlinear element is formed is discarded. Need Absent. As a result, a liquid crystal display device with an improved yield can be provided at low cost.
- the invention according to claim 109 is the liquid crystal display element according to claim 108, wherein the connection means is an anisotropic conductive adhesive.
- Liquid crystal is filled between a first sealing plate provided with a first pixel electrode on a surface opposite to the surface facing the common electrode and opposite to the surface facing the common electrode, thereby forming a first liquid crystal layer; The first sealing plate, and formed on the first sealing plate.
- Liquid crystal is filled between a surface supported by the second support member and a second sealing plate provided with a second pixel electrode on a surface facing the first pixel electrode and a surface opposite to the first pixel electrode.
- the liquid crystal display device has a structure in which two liquid crystal layers are formed and includes at least one or more second liquid crystal layers.
- the array substrate drives the first liquid crystal layer by the first pixel electrodes.
- a first driving electrode for outputting a driving voltage of the first driving electrode, a first nonlinear element electrically connected to the first driving electrode, and a driving voltage for driving the second liquid crystal layer to the second pixel electrode.
- At least one or more second drive electrodes, and at least one or more second nonlinear elements electrically connected to the second drive electrodes, are provided, and Furthermore, first and second connection means having an electric connection function and a fixed connection function are provided.
- the first connection terminal and the first drive electrode are electrically connected via the first connection means, and the second connection terminal and the second drive electrode are connected to the second connection means.
- the display layer and the array substrate are fixedly connected to each other by the first and second connection means.
- the liquid crystal is filled between the substrate and the sealing plate to form a liquid crystal layer, and the supporting member existing between the substrate and the sealing plate.
- a display layer having a structure that supports the sealing plate, and a non-linear element for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer and driving the liquid crystal layer by dimming is provided on the array substrate facing the substrate.
- a liquid crystal display device comprising: an array substrate having a separated structure, wherein the display layer comprises: a common electrode provided on an inner surface of the substrate; and a first support formed on the substrate.
- a liquid crystal is filled between a supported and a first sealing plate provided with a first pixel electrode on a surface opposite to a surface facing the common electrode, and a first liquid crystal layer is formed.
- a second pixel electrode is provided on the sealing plate, and on a surface opposite to the surface facing the first pixel electrode, supported by a second support member formed on the first sealing plate.
- the second liquid crystal layer is formed by filling the liquid crystal between the second sealing plate and the second sealing plate, and the second supporting plate formed on the second sealing plate and the third supporting member formed on the second sealing plate.
- the third liquid crystal layer is formed by filling the liquid crystal between the third sealing plate provided with the third pixel electrode on the surface opposite to the surface facing the second pixel electrode and being supported by the second pixel electrode.
- the liquid crystal fills a space between the substrate provided with the common electrode on the inner surface and the sealing plate supported by the support member provided on the common electrode.
- a display layer formed by forming a liquid crystal layer, a driving circuit for driving the liquid crystal layer, and electrically connected to the driving circuit, and arranged at predetermined intervals
- a plurality of pixel electrodes, and an array substrate disposed so as to face the substrate, wherein the display layer and the array substrate are connected by connection means.
- the invention according to claim 11 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein the thickness of the sealing plate is in a range of 0.5 m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less. It is characterized by being made of a polymer resin.
- the invention described in claim 11 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 13, wherein the substrate and the array substrate are made of a polymer resin.
- the invention according to claim 116 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 114, wherein the substrate and the array substrate are made of a polymer resin.
- the liquid crystal fills a space between the substrate provided with the common electrode on the inner surface and the sealing plate supported by the support member provided on the common electrode.
- a liquid crystal layer is formed, and a plurality of pixel electrodes are provided at regular intervals on a surface of the sealing plate opposite to a surface supported by the support member;
- a plurality of array substrates each including a plurality of non-linear elements for driving the layers, and the display layer and the array so that the plurality of pixel electrodes and the plurality of non-linear elements are electrically connected to each other.
- the board is connected by the connecting means. It is characterized by
- the pitch of the pixel electrode becomes non-uniform at the seam between the panels, so that the seam is viewed on the display screen.
- a plurality of pixel electrodes are provided at regular intervals on the surface of the sealing plate facing the array substrate, so that the joints between the array substrates are displayed. It does not appear on the screen. Therefore, it is possible to provide a multi-screen liquid crystal display element in which the seams between the panels are inconspicuous.
- the invention according to claim 118 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 117, wherein the plurality of array substrates are arranged on the same plane, and the display layer and the plurality of display substrates are arranged in the same plane.
- the plurality of pixel electrodes and the plurality of non-linear elements are opposed to each other by the connection means within a range where they can be electrically connected correspondingly.
- a plurality of array substrates are precisely arranged so that seams between panels are not conspicuous, and a display layer and the plurality of array substrates are bonded together.
- the planar relative position between the display layer and the array substrate may be within a range in which the pixel electrode and the nonlinear element can be electrically connected, and therefore, the requirement for alignment accuracy is relaxed. be able to.
- the invention according to claim 119 is the invention according to claim 117, wherein one optical filter is provided between the substrate and the common electrode. It is characterized by.
- color display can be easily achieved on the display screen of the liquid crystal display element.
- the substrate and the array substrate may be bonded together so that the pixel electrode and the drive electrode are electrically connected via the connection means. Therefore, the planar relative position between the pixel electrode and the drive electrode only needs to be within the range that can be connected by the connection means, and this can reduce the accuracy requirement of the alignment. .
- the invention according to claim 122 is a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 122, further comprising: a step of forming another support member on the pixel electrode; A step of forming another sealing plate so as to be supported by the supporting member, and filling another liquid crystal between the sealing plate and the other sealing plate to form another liquid crystal layer And at least one step of forming another pixel electrode on the surface of the other sealing plate opposite to the surface facing the other liquid crystal layer. In this case, a plurality of liquid crystal layers are formed.
- FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram of the liquid crystal display element according to Embodiment 11;
- FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged sectional view of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged sectional view of FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view near the ventilation port 135.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a state of occurrence of wrinkles in the resin film.
- FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram showing a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element according to Embodiment 2-1.
- FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram showing a manufacturing process of the resin film structure according to Embodiments 2-5.
- FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view of the resin film structure according to Embodiments 2-6.
- FIG. 34 is a partial plan view showing a configuration per pixel of the liquid crystal display element of Embodiment 3-1.
- FIG. 38 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element of Embodiment 3-1.
- FIG. 41 is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element of Embodiment 3-1.
- FIG. 42 is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element of Embodiment 3-1.
- FIG. 44 is a partial plan view showing a configuration per pixel of the liquid crystal display element of Embodiment 3-2.
- FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG.
- FIG. 51 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a configuration per pixel of the liquid crystal display element according to Embodiment 3-3.
- FIG. 56 is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element of the embodiment 3-3.
- FIG. 58 is a partial plan view showing a configuration per pixel of the liquid crystal display element of Embodiments 3-4.
- FIG. 59 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C of FIG.
- FIG. 61 is an explanatory view showing the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element of Embodiments 3-4.
- FIG. 65 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing a liquid crystal display element according to Embodiment 41 of the present invention.
- FIG. 66 is a plan view schematically showing a TFT in the liquid crystal display device.
- FIG. 67 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing a display unit in the liquid crystal display device.
- FIG. 71 is an explanatory diagram showing the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element according to Embodiment 41.
- FIG. 73 shows a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element according to Embodiment 41.
- FIG. 74 is an explanatory diagram showing the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element according to Embodiment 41.
- FIG. 76 is an explanatory view showing the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element according to Embodiment 4-2.
- FIG. 77 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing the liquid crystal display element according to Embodiment 4-3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 80 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of another conventional liquid crystal display element.
- FIG. 81 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a defect caused by a displacement of the support member.
- this liquid crystal display element has a guest host liquid crystal of cyan, magenta, and yellow on a substrate 101, as shown in Fig. 1, respectively. It is composed of three liquid crystal layers 106, 107, and 108 filled with 3.
- the substrate 101 is made of borosilicate glass.
- a thin-film transistor (amorphous silicon) as a driving element is formed on this substrate 101.
- this is referred to as a TFT element.
- 102, 103, and 104 are formed.
- a first pixel electrode Ml arranged in a matrix in the pixel display area 144 and a plurality of source lines are provided.
- the second liquid crystal layer 107 and the third liquid crystal layer 108 have basically the same configuration as the first liquid crystal layer 106, and are related to the second liquid crystal layer 107.
- a support member 119, a three-dimensional wiring pad 144, and an adhesive layer 132 are provided, and the support member 120, the three-dimensional wiring pad is associated with the third liquid crystal layer 108.
- a layer 144 and an adhesive layer 133 are provided.
- a common electrode 116 also serving as a reflection film is provided on the resin film 113 above the third liquid crystal layer 108.
- the common electrode 1 16 is made of aluminum.
- a protective film 117 for protecting the liquid crystal layer from external pressure or the like is formed on the common electrode 116.
- the protective film 17 is an acrylic resin.
- the concentration of cyan, yellow, and yellow dichroic dyes was appropriately adjusted in consideration of the color balance. Things are enclosed.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a reflective color liquid crystal, has no light and no backlight, and obtains a color display by reflecting external light.
- Light incident from the opposite side of the substrate 101 from the liquid crystal layer passes through the liquid crystal layers 106, 107, and 108 in this order, and passes through the common electrode 1 16 that also serves as a reflective film.
- the light is reflected, passes through the liquid crystal layers 108, 107, and 106 again in this order, and shows the display to the observer looking from the opposite side of the substrate 101 from the liquid crystal layer.
- guest-host liquid crystals containing cyan, magenta, and yellow dichroic dyes are enclosed in the liquid crystal layers 106, 107, and 108 as described above. That is, when no voltage is applied between the pixel electrodes sandwiching each liquid crystal layer, light in the absorption wavelength region of each color is absorbed among the incident light, and when a voltage is applied, the light is transmitted. By controlling the voltage applied to each liquid crystal layer in this way, the absorption and transmission of light can be controlled, and a full-color display can be obtained.
- a specific driving method of the liquid crystal display element in the present embodiment will be described below.
- the color image display is performed by subtractive color mixture
- the image signal is given as RGB (red, green, blue) image data
- CMY cyan, mathematics
- a voltage corresponding to its complement (0, 1, 1) may be applied. .
- the width of the support member is made larger than the height of the support member, so that the destruction of the support member as described above is prevented. It can be avoided.
- the width of the support member is set to be equal to or more than the width of the support member, so that the support member is not broken and a decrease in the yield is suppressed. I can do it.
- the interval between the supporting members existing in the range of the pixel portion is set to 25 ⁇ m (pitch of one side of the supporting member is 5 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m).
- the resin film sags between the support members and the distance between the substrate and the resin film or between the resin films can be maintained. It may cause flaws and lower the color unevenness contrast ratio.
- the distance between the support members is set to 10 or less, the sag of the resin film is small, and the gap between the substrate and the resin film can be maintained. Wear. By doing so, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is maintained, and color contrast and a decrease in contrast ratio due to insufficient gap can be prevented.
- a transparent ITO conductive film was formed on the substrate 101 on which the TFT elements 102, 103, and 104 were formed by sputtering. Then, by photolithography and etching, the drain terminals 103 a, 104 a and the first pixel of the TFT elements 103 and 104 are obtained. Ring electrode Ml. At the same time, a source line and a gate line around the pixel are formed by the transparent conductive film.
- a step of forming the support member 118 is performed.
- a first positive type resist is applied by spin coating on a substrate 101 on which a light-shielding film 105 is formed, and pre-pressed.
- the light-shielding film 105 is used as a photomask to expose portions other than those where the support member 118 and the three-dimensional wiring pad 140 are to be formed.
- the film is developed with a positive resist developer and cured with a post-baker, so that the support member 111 is formed on the light-shielding film 105 as shown in FIG. 8.
- a three-dimensional wiring pad 140 can be formed.
- the second positive resist used for the adhesive layer 1 In the heating step use a material that has the property of hardening after developing thermoplasticity.
- the post-baking temperature at which the adhesive layer 13 1 (the same applies to the adhesive layers 13 2 and 13 3) exhibits the thermoplasticity.
- a material with a temperature of 150 ° C which is lower than the temperature at which the resin film 111 (same for the resin films 112, 113) develops thermoplasticity. I do.
- the support member 118 (the same applies to the support members 119 and 120) has already been cured, and does not exhibit thermoplasticity when heated again.
- the resin film and the support member in the present invention are not limited to the above examples. That is, the resin film may be any of a non-thermoplastic material and a thermoplastic material having a higher temperature at which thermoplasticity is exhibited than the adhesive layer.
- the support member is made of a non-thermoplastic material or a thermoplastic material having a higher temperature to exhibit thermoplasticity than the adhesive layer, or a material which is cured before the adhesive treatment. Any one may be sufficient. Due to such a combination of the resin film and the support member and the adhesive layer having thermoplasticity, the resin film is deformed along the support member or the support member is broken. In addition, the support member and the resin film can be bonded to each other.
- the bonding layer 13 1 of the display area peripheral portion 14 6 should be provided with a photomask on the substrate side for shielding the display area peripheral portion 14 6 from light during the exposure in the step (3). As a result, after development, the adhesive layer 13 1 in the display area peripheral portion 1 4 6 6 remains without being removed. By this step, another step for sealing such as application of a sealing material is not required, so that the step can be simplified.
- the adhesive layer 1311 is formed on the entire periphery of the display area peripheral portion 1446, a process involving heating or vacuuming after bonding the resin film 111 is performed.
- the air sealed in the gap between the substrate 101 and the resin film 111 expands and the resin film 111 bursts, or the support member 118 and the resin film 111 contact each other.
- the problem of peeling of the adhesive may occur. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a vent for venting the air in the gap to the outside.
- a photomask which does not shield a part of the display area peripheral part 146 but shields the other part thereof from light.
- FIG. 8 shows this situation.
- a resin film 111 composed mainly of PET is superimposed on the side on which the support member 111 and the adhesive layer 131 are formed on the substrate 101, and the laminate is laminated. Pass between Rollers 1 26 and 1 27 in the evening.
- at least one of the rollers 12 6 and 12 7 of the laminator, and preferably, the surface of the roller 126 contacting the resin film is removed.
- the temperature is set to 150 ° C. at which the adhesive layer 13 1 exhibits thermoplasticity.
- the roller of Lamine is generally made of an elastic material (rubber, etc.).
- the roller as the roller 126 on the resin film side has elasticity.
- the supporting member is pressed by the mouthpiece 126 when the material having the material is used.
- the resin film 111 may be deformed plastically to the substrate 101 side and bend, and the gap may not be maintained. Therefore, the mouthpiece 126 is made of a rigid body having a hardness such that the bite when pressed is smaller than the elastic deformation of the resin film, for example, stainless steel.
- the resin film is not deformed by the support member 118, and the resin film is adhered to the support member in a smooth state to seal the liquid crystal.
- the thickness of the gap can be made uniform.
- the main component of the resist film 128 is an acrylic resin, which is decomposed and removed at a speed of 0.3 / m / min, like the resin film.
- the resin film 111 in the openings 124 and 125 is removed by RIE treatment for 5 minutes, while the resist film 128 is 1.5 in the opening.
- the resist film 128 protected the resin film 111 except for the openings m and left. Thereafter, the resist film 128 was peeled off, and openings 124, 125 were formed in the resin film 111 as shown in FIG. 10 (b). In this way, an opening can be formed by reactive ion etching, and an opening is formed in a resin film that is resistant to organic solvents such as PET or an acid. Can be formed.
- vent before the immersion process.
- the location where the vent is provided is a part other than the pixels around the display part, and the vent is formed by drilling a hole of 50; To close the vent, press the iron tip heated to about 200 ° C against the vent, and close the joint by heat bonding of the resin film.
- the air in the gap can be ventilated more smoothly.
- the effect of preventing the resin film from being broken, etc. is increased.
- a resin film having air permeability and moisture permeability is used, after manufacturing the liquid crystal display element, oxygen or moisture in the air enters the gearbox through the resin film.
- the display performance may be deteriorated by lowering the retention rate of the liquid crystal.
- the common electrode becomes a shielding film and oxygen is removed.
- a reflective film having a diffusive property can be formed on the liquid crystal layer, and the display can be easily viewed.
- a gap for enclosing liquid crystal is formed between the resin film and the substrate or between the resin films, and the liquid crystal is filled in the gap.
- Encapsulation to form a liquid crystal display element eliminates color shift due to parallax caused by the lamination of liquid crystal layers, and provides a bright, high-contrast liquid crystal display.
- the device can be realized.
- Wo 99/47969
- a resin film is used as a sealing film, and this resin film is bonded to a supporting member via an adhesive layer, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process. And increase the production yield.
- FIG. 21 a specific configuration of the liquid crystal display device will be described with reference to FIGS. 21 and 22.
- FIG. 21 a specific configuration of the liquid crystal display device will be described with reference to FIGS. 21 and 22.
- the support members 205, 206, and 207 are made of a positive resist, and have a prismatic shape having a square cross section perpendicular to the axis (in this embodiment, 10 zm on each side).
- the support members 205, 206, and 207 are arranged in a state of being distributed at predetermined pitches over the entire pixel portion, and hold the gaps A, B, and C.
- Pad row for 3D wiring 2 4 1 Wo 99 / consists of three three-dimensional wiring pads 24 1 a, 24 1 b, and 24 1 erected at almost the same position in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 201.
- the three-dimensional wiring pad array 24 2 is provided at three positions that are arranged substantially at the same position in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 201. It is composed of two-dimensional wiring nodes 2442a, 2442b, and 2442c.
- 24 1 a, 24 1 b, 24 1 c; 24 2 a, 24 42 b, 24 42 c are square prisms with a square section perpendicular to the axis.
- These three-dimensional wiring nodes 24 1 a, 24 1 b, 24 1 c; 24 2 a, 24 42 b, 24 42 c are support members 205, 206, Consists of a positive resist as in 207.
- the connector penetrates through these three-dimensional wiring terminals 24 1 a, 24 1 b, 24 1 c and the resin films 202, 203, 204.
- Holes 212 are formed and penetrate through the three-dimensional wiring pads 2442a, 2442b, 2442c and the resin films 202, 203, 204.
- contact holes 2 13 are formed. Then, the connection terminal 2 2 a of the TFT 2 22 is exposed in the contact hole 2 12, and the connection terminal 2 2 3 a of the TFT 2 2 3 It is exposed inside cut hole 2 13.
- the contact hole 211 is for connection wiring between the pixel electrode 209 and the TFT 222, and the contact hole 213 is for the pixel electrode 210 and the TFT 222. Connection for wiring.
- the alignment film 229 on the pixel electrode 209 has been removed, whereby the pixel electrode 209 partially covers the contact hole 211. It is in a state of protruding into 2 and exposed.
- the resin film 202, the supporting member 205 and the three-dimensional wiring pad 24 la, 2442a are the supporting member 205 and the three-dimensional wiring pad 2411a, An extremely thin, positive-type resist adhesive layer was formed on the 24a and bonded.
- the adhesive layer is shown integrally with the supporting member 205 and the three-dimensional wiring pads 2441a and 2442a.
- contact holes 2 1, 2 and 2 were formed by reactive ion etching (RIE) using oxygen plasma, which is a method of dry etching. 13 was formed.
- RIE reactive ion etching
- the resin film, the positive resist, the alignment film, and the acrylic resin constituting the wrinkle reduction layer are etched by RIE, while the inorganic resin is made of ITO. Most of the pixel electrodes are hardly etched.
- the resin film, the positive resist, and the like were etched at a depth of 1 ⁇ m per minute under the conditions of an oxygen flow rate of 15 SCCM and an electric power of 150 W.
- conductive members 2 14 and 2 15 made of a water-soluble polycarbonate resin were applied with a spin coat, as shown in FIG. 26 (b).
- the contact holes 2 12 and 2 13 are filled with the conductive members 2 14 and 2 15.
- the conductive members other than the contact holes 212, 213 are exposed to the positive resist. It floats and peels off along with the resist 2 27, and as shown in Fig. 27, a structure in which the conductive members 2 14 and 2 15 are embedded only in the contact holes 21 2 and 21 3 was formed.
- the pixel electrodes 209 and 210 exposed to the contact holes are in contact with the conductive members 2 14 and 2 15.
- Embodiment 2-2-2-2-3 shows an example of a liquid crystal display element.
- an aperture is provided in a gap between a substrate and a resin film or between resin films.
- the sealing plate 11 is provided with three-dimensional wiring openings 11 a and 21 a at positions above the drain electrodes 3 d and 4 d of the TFT elements 3 and 4. Are formed. First pixel electrode 9, liquid crystal layer 21, support member 18, and sealing plate W
- the support members 19 and 20 of the second display layer 7 and the third display layer 8 are, like the support member 18 of the first display layer 6, the first pixel electrode 9 and the By forming the negative resist hardened by exposure through the openings 9a, 5a, and 5b of the matrix 5, the first resist is accurately formed. 1 It is arranged at the same position as the support member 18 of the display layer 6.
- the guest-host liquid crystal contained in the liquid crystal layers 21 to 23 of the display layers 6 to 8 includes cyan, yellow, and yellow so that an appropriate color balance is obtained. The concentration of the dichroic dye of — has been adjusted.
- the supporting members 18 can be made as small as about a square, and 95% or more. It is possible to obtain the aperture ratio in each pixel. Since the liquid crystal layers 21 include a polymer network, the actual aperture ratio is slightly smaller than this. Next, a method for manufacturing the above liquid crystal display element will be described with reference to FIGS.
- TFT elements 2 to 4 made of amorphous silicon are formed on a substrate 1 made of borosilicate glass.
- an aluminum reflective film is formed by vacuum evaporation, and the pixel shape is formed by photolithography and etching.
- a first pixel electrode 9 also serving as a reflective film and a drain electrode 2 d of the TFT element 2 is formed.
- an opening 9a is also formed.
- the area of the first pixel electrode 9 and the opening are formed.
- a black matrix 5 having openings 5a and 5b is formed by mask exposure to the regions where the portions 5a and 5b are to be formed and development.
- the support member 18 is formed by the following steps (3) to (5).
- the release layer 2 is formed on the surface of the transfer substrate 27 made of an ultraviolet-transparent glass on which a predetermined mask 27a is formed.
- the sealing plate 11 is formed.
- the mask pattern 27 a is a drain electrode of the TFT elements 3 and 4. It is formed so as to block light at positions corresponding to 3d and 4d.
- the release layer 26 is formed by spin-coating a 10% by weight aqueous solution of, for example, polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as “PVA”) with a spin coat (rotational speed of 2000).
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the formation of the support member 19 is performed in the same manner as the formation of the support member 18 in the first display layer 6 ((4) above), and the first pixel electrode 9 and the black matrix are formed. This is performed by irradiating ultraviolet rays from the substrate 1 side using the mask 5 as a mask. As a result, the supporting member 19 can be accurately positioned. It is formed at the same position as. That is, unlike the case where a mask is separately used, the position of the mask is not aligned, and the problem as shown in FIG. 81 can be surely prevented.
- the negative resist forming the support member 19 is transmitted through the negative resist 18 by irradiating the negative resist with ultraviolet light having a wavelength that is largely absorbed, thereby facilitating the support member 19 having a certain height. Can be formed.
- a negative type resist whose ultraviolet absorption wavelength characteristic changes before and after polymerization is used, and the support member 18 already polymerized has a high transmittance but the support member 19 is formed.
- the transmittance of the negative resist before polymerization may be reduced by irradiating a low wavelength ultraviolet ray.
- the first pixel electrode 9 and the substrate 1 on which the black matrix 5 is masked are formed.
- the support member 20 is formed exactly at the same position as the support members 18 and 19 by the irradiation of the ultraviolet rays.
- the negative resist for forming the support member 20 may have a different ultraviolet absorption (photosensitivity) wavelength characteristic from the support members 18 and 19, and the support members 18 and 19 may be used. It is preferable to irradiate ultraviolet light having a wavelength with high transmittance.
- each of the display layers 6 to 8 is supported by back exposure through the opening 9 a, 5 a, 5 b of the first pixel electrode 9 and the black matrix 5.
- the support members 18 can easily be made as small as 7 m square, and the aperture ratio can be increased and the contrast ratio can be increased. Moreover, there is no need to align the mask as in the case of using a separate mask.
- the polymer precursor may be more efficiently polymerized, for example, by using those having different ultraviolet absorption (photosensitivity) wavelength characteristics from each other.
- the substrate 1 is irradiated with ultraviolet rays (UV) of 100 mJ / cm 2 from the substrate 1 side. That is, the light-shielding film 35 is used as a mask, and only the portion of the positive resist 61 1 ′ where the light-shielding film 35 is not formed is exposed.
- UV ultraviolet rays
- a second display layer 32 4 and a third display layer 32 2 having substantially the same structure as the first display layer 32 3 are provided on the first display layer 32 3.
- the second display layer 324 includes the second liquid crystal layer 327, the second pixel electrode 331, the second sealing plate 334, and the spacer (the second liquid crystal layer 327).
- the third display layer 3 25 has a third liquid crystal layer 3 28, a third pixel electrode 3 32, and a third sealing layer.
- a stop plate 33 5 and a spacer (third support member) 34 1 c are provided.
- the first to third sealing plates 33 to 33 are made of a film-like polymer compound.
- the first to third sealing plates 33 to 33 are made of a film-like polymer compound.
- the film thicknesses of 33 to 33 are set to 1.0 / m.
- Each of the spacers 3411a to 3441c is a quadrangular prism having a cross-sectional shape of a square having a side of about 10m and a height of 4zm.
- the above-mentioned spacers 34 1 a to 34 1 c are regularly arranged at a pitch of 50 m in each of the first to third display layers 32 3 to 32 5. That is, due to such a shape and arrangement, the first to third liquid crystal layers 32 to 36 due to the first to third sealing plates 33 33 to 33 35 hanging down. The thickness unevenness of 328 is prevented, and an effective aperture ratio of about 95% is ensured. Further, a structure having excellent mechanical strength can be obtained.
- the second liquid crystal layer 327 is formed in the same manner as the first liquid crystal layer 326. That is, first, a positive resist is applied on the first pixel electrode 330, and the resist is exposed from the side of the substrate 321, and a spacer is provided at the same position as the first liquid crystal layer 32. 1 b... and the nodes for three-dimensional wiring 3 4 2 ⁇ 3 4 2 are formed in a self-aligned manner.
- the position of the opening 3442a * 3442a in the three-dimensional wiring pad 3442, 3442 ' is shielded from light and irradiated with ultraviolet rays.
- the openings 3442a and 3442a are opened in the negative type resist, and the other portions are cured to form the third sealing plate 335.
- the substrate 321 and the third sealing plate 335 are adhered to the periphery of the display area without the spacer 341, but a gap is formed in a part of the non-display area.
- a liquid crystal injection port is provided by providing a single cell.
- a film thickness of 50 was formed on the third sealing plate 33 5 by a sputtering method.
- An aluminum film is formed to a thickness of O nm, and the third pixel electrode 3332 and the relay electrode 351 are formed by photolithography and etching. .
- a guest-host liquid crystal in which a yellow dichroic dye is dissolved is injected into the positive chiral nematic liquid crystal from the above-mentioned injection port, and as shown in FIG. 3 A liquid crystal layer 3 2 8 is formed.
- an inspection process for inspecting the display state of the display unit 3 is performed. That is, a voltage is applied to the connection terminals 354-356 using an inspection machine to drive the first to third liquid crystal layers 326 to 328.
- the first to third liquid crystal layers 326 to 3288 are in cyan, magenta, or yellow, respectively, while they are transparent when the voltage is turned on.
- the operation state of the first to third liquid crystal layers 326 to 328 can be inspected.
- point defects and line defects appear on the display section 303. If such a defect is found, only the display section 303 is discarded.
- the array substrate 301 and the display section 303 are pasted together.
- Positioning is performed as long as the planar relative position between the array substrate 301 and the display section 303 is kept within a certain precision, and strict precision is not required.
- the bonding is performed while applying a pressure of 0.2 atm and heating at 120 ° C.
- the epoxy resin 372 in the anisotropic conductive adhesive 302 is deformed into an elliptical shape.
- the gold plating 373 is brought into conduction by, for example, contacting the drive electrode 315 with the connection terminal 356.
- the epoxy resin 372 since the epoxy resin 372 is deformed into an elliptical shape as described above, it has an insulating function in a direction perpendicular to the film thickness direction.
- the epoxy resin 372 can be hardened. Therefore, the array substrate 301 and the display section 303 are connected while the continuity between the drive electrodes 315 to 317 and the connection terminals 354 to 356 is maintained. It is possible to paste it can.
- the reflective liquid crystal display element according to the embodiment 41 manufactured as described above is driven by inputting an image signal or the like to the array substrate 301 side. It was confirmed that a bright color image was displayed. Further, in the above-mentioned liquid crystal display element, since the array substrate 301 and the display section having the first to third liquid crystal layers 326-328 are independent elements, display defects are not present in the liquid crystal layer and the like. Even if it is found, it is not necessary to dispose of even the array substrate 301 on which TFTs 31 to 31 are formed, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced and the yield can be reduced. Can be improved.
- the film thickness of the first to third sealing plates 33 33 to 335 is set to 1.0 ⁇ m, but the film thickness is not limited thereto. Without, 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ ! What is necessary is just within the range of ⁇ 10zm.
- the display layer 389 is provided with a spacer 395, a sealing plate 384 and a liquid crystal layer 385.
- the sealing plate 384 is made of a PET (Polyethilene Te 1 ephthalate) film having a thickness of l Atm. The PET film is thinned by stretching and has a birefringence of about 0.05 m.
- the liquid crystal layer 85 is made of a chiral nematic liquid crystal to which a chiral agent is added so that the twist pitch becomes 32 zm. As a result, the liquid crystal molecules near the sealing plate 384 are horizontally aligned in the film stretching direction, and the liquid crystal layer 385 has a twisted nematic twisted by 45 degrees. It becomes a chip orientation. Note that the gap of the liquid crystal layer 385 is 4 zm.
- the adhesive 393 is made of urethane resin having a film thickness of l ⁇ m.
- the adhesive 393 is not limited to the urethane resin described above, and various conventionally known adhesives can be employed.
- the reflective liquid crystal display element according to the present embodiment 412 differs from the reflective liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment in that the liquid crystal layer 3 is provided between the common electrode 38 3 and the sealing plate 38 4. .. Are formed on the resin wiring substrate 387, and the pixel electrodes 386... Are not formed on the sealing plate 384. Therefore, in the reflective liquid crystal display element, it is not necessary to manufacture the display section 391 in accordance with the pattern shape of the pixel electrodes 386... On the drive substrate 392. Even if the display pattern is changed according to the condition, it can be easily manufactured simply by changing the pattern of forming the pixel electrodes 386 on the resin wiring substrate 389 7.
- the substrate 410 is made of a rectangular glass having a diagonal dimension of 85 cm.
- the liquid crystal layer 403 has a twisted nematic orientation in which a chiral nematic liquid crystal having a twist pitch of 50 ⁇ m is twisted 90 degrees.
- the alignment film 402 is made of a polyimide resin.
- the common electrode 329 is formed by a sputtering method or the like. Further, a polyimide resin is applied on the common electrode 329, and a rubbing process is performed in a predetermined direction to form an alignment film 402.
- an adhesive 407 is formed on the sealing plate 384 and the pixel electrode 404 in the display portion 501. Subsequently, the display section 402 and the array substrates 502 a to 502 d fixed to the housing 412 are aligned, and heated while being pressed at a predetermined pressure. The adhesive 407 was cured.
- the above alignment is performed as long as the planar relative position between the array substrates 502 a to 502 d and the display unit 501 is within a certain accuracy, and strict accuracy is required. It does not require a request.
- a gap for enclosing liquid crystal is formed between the resin film and the substrate or between the resin films, and the liquid crystal is encapsulated in the gap to form a liquid crystal display element.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/423,543 US6304309B1 (en) | 1998-03-19 | 1999-03-19 | Liquid crystal display device and method of manufacturing the same |
EP99909292A EP0990942A4 (en) | 1998-03-19 | 1999-03-19 | Liquid crystal display and method for the production thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP10/70069 | 1998-03-19 | ||
JP07006998A JP3205536B2 (ja) | 1998-03-19 | 1998-03-19 | 液晶表示素子およびその製造方法 |
JP10/138317 | 1998-05-20 | ||
JP13831798A JP3202192B2 (ja) | 1998-05-20 | 1998-05-20 | 液晶表示装置、及びその製造方法 |
JP10/147449 | 1998-05-28 | ||
JP14744998 | 1998-05-28 | ||
JP11/69732 | 1999-03-16 | ||
JP11069732A JP3072514B2 (ja) | 1998-05-28 | 1999-03-16 | 液晶表示素子およびその製造方法 |
JP11/71369 | 1999-03-17 | ||
JP7136999A JP3597073B2 (ja) | 1999-03-17 | 1999-03-17 | 表示装置およびその製造方法 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/423,543 A-371-Of-International US6304309B1 (en) | 1998-03-19 | 1999-03-19 | Liquid crystal display device and method of manufacturing the same |
US09/897,112 Division US6563557B2 (en) | 1998-03-19 | 2001-07-03 | Liquid crystal display device including a stack of plurality of resin film and method for fabricating the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999047969A1 true WO1999047969A1 (fr) | 1999-09-23 |
Family
ID=27524201
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1999/001432 WO1999047969A1 (fr) | 1998-03-19 | 1999-03-19 | Dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides et son procede de production |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6304309B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0990942A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20000071044A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1263610A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW505805B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999047969A1 (ja) |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6573972B2 (en) | 1999-12-14 | 2003-06-03 | Nec Corporation | LCD panel and method of fabricating same |
KR100395866B1 (ko) * | 1999-12-14 | 2003-08-27 | 엔이씨 엘씨디 테크놀로지스, 엘티디. | Lcd 패널 및 그 제조 방법 |
CN110540782A (zh) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-12-06 | 北京圣润东方科技有限公司 | 一种智能调光膜的制备方法 |
TWI811972B (zh) * | 2021-04-23 | 2023-08-11 | 元太科技工業股份有限公司 | 可撓式顯示裝置 |
CN114899298A (zh) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-08-12 | 诺视科技(苏州)有限公司 | 一种像素单元及其制作方法、微显示屏、分立器件 |
CN114899298B (zh) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-10-25 | 诺视科技(苏州)有限公司 | 一种像素单元及其制作方法、微显示屏、分立器件 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6304309B1 (en) | 2001-10-16 |
EP0990942A4 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
EP0990942A1 (en) | 2000-04-05 |
US20020135720A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
KR20000071044A (ko) | 2000-11-25 |
US6563557B2 (en) | 2003-05-13 |
TW505805B (en) | 2002-10-11 |
CN1263610A (zh) | 2000-08-16 |
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