WO1999040479A1 - Dispositif a cristaux liquides et dispositif electronique - Google Patents
Dispositif a cristaux liquides et dispositif electronique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999040479A1 WO1999040479A1 PCT/JP1999/000311 JP9900311W WO9940479A1 WO 1999040479 A1 WO1999040479 A1 WO 1999040479A1 JP 9900311 W JP9900311 W JP 9900311W WO 9940479 A1 WO9940479 A1 WO 9940479A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- substrate
- crystal device
- reflective
- reflective electrode
- Prior art date
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
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- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technical field of a liquid crystal device, and more particularly, to a structure of a liquid crystal device capable of performing display by switching between a reflective display and a transmissive display and a technical field of an electronic apparatus using the liquid crystal device.
- a polarizing plate, a transflective plate, and a backlight are sequentially arranged on the outer surface of the liquid crystal panel opposite to the observation side.
- this liquid crystal device when the surroundings are bright, external light is taken in, and reflective display is performed using the light reflected by the semi-transmissive reflector. When the surroundings are dark, the backlight is turned on and the display is turned on. Performs transmissive display in which the display can be viewed with the light transmitted through the transmissive reflector.
- liquid crystal device there is one disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-229413 in which the brightness of a reflective display is improved.
- This liquid crystal device has a configuration in which a transflective plate, a polarizing plate, and a backlight are sequentially arranged on the outer surface of the liquid crystal panel opposite to the observation side.
- the reflective display is performed using the light reflected by the semi-transmissive reflector by taking in external light and the surroundings are dark.
- the backlight is turned on to perform transmissive display in which the display can be viewed with light transmitted through the polarizing plate and the transflective plate.
- liquid crystal displays have been required to be colorized, and when colorization is necessary even for devices that use reflective liquid crystal devices.
- the transflective plate is disposed behind the liquid crystal panel.
- a thick transparent substrate of a liquid crystal panel is interposed between the two, and due to parallax, double reflection or blurring of display occurs, so that it is impossible to obtain a sufficient color.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H9-2588219 proposes a reflective color liquid crystal device in which a reflector is arranged so as to be in contact with a liquid crystal layer.
- a reflector is arranged so as to be in contact with a liquid crystal layer.
- the display cannot be recognized when the surroundings become dark.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-318929 proposes a transflective liquid crystal device in which a pixel electrode serving also as a transflective film is provided on the inner surface of a liquid crystal cell.
- this liquid crystal device uses a semi-transmissive reflective film such as a metal thin film in which minute defects such as hole defects and dent defects and fine openings are scattered, the liquid crystal device is generated around the defect and the opening.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and in a liquid crystal device capable of switching between a reflective display and a transmissive display, high-definition images without double reflection due to parallax or display bleeding are generated. It is an object of the present invention to provide a transflective liquid crystal device capable of displaying and an electronic apparatus using the liquid crystal device.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a transparent pair of first and second substrates, A liquid crystal layer sandwiched between first and second substrates, a transparent electrode formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the first substrate, and a rectangular formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the second substrate.
- a first liquid crystal device including a reflective electrode having a slit formed therein and an illumination device arranged on the second substrate on the side opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the reflective electrode reflects external light incident from the first substrate side to the liquid crystal layer side.
- the reflective electrode since the reflective electrode is arranged on the liquid crystal layer side of the second substrate, there is almost no gap between the liquid crystal layer and the reflective electrode, and therefore, double reflection of the display or display bleeding due to parallax is caused. Does not occur.
- the transmissive display the light source light emitted from the illumination device and incident from the second substrate side is transmitted to the liquid crystal layer side via the slit. Therefore, in a dark place, bright display can be performed using the light from the light source.
- the edge of the reflective electrode that defines the short side of the slit that is relatively opposed to the slit ie, both ends of the long side of the slit
- An oblique electric field (hereinafter, referred to as an oblique electric field due to the short side of the slit) between the transparent electrode and the transparent electrode forms a liquid crystal layer.
- the edge of the reflective electrode that defines the long side of the slit that is located relatively close to and opposed to the transparent electrode that is, the edge of the reflective electrode that opposes at both ends of the short side of the slit).
- An oblique electric field (hereinafter referred to as an oblique electric field due to the long side of the slit) is applied to the liquid crystal layer.
- the oblique electric field due to the short side of the slit and the oblique electric field due to the long side of the slit have mutually orthogonal components in the substrate plane. Therefore, when these two kinds of oblique electric fields act on the liquid crystal molecules near the slit, the direction of movement of the liquid crystal molecules is determined according to the strength of these two kinds of oblique electric fields at each position.
- the slit is a square, these two types of oblique electric fields exist evenly, and the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules move depends on the position where their strength relationship is reversed.
- the oblique electric field due to the long side of the slit (the component in the plane of the substrate is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the slit) is relatively increased according to the short side of the short side of the slit. For this reason, in the present invention, the movement of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled by the oblique electric field due to the long side of the slit. Therefore, defective alignment of the liquid crystal in the region near the slit can be reduced, and display defects can be reduced. Furthermore, by partially driving the liquid crystal using the oblique electric field generated by the long side of the slit, the threshold voltage during liquid crystal driving can be lowered, and the power consumption of the liquid crystal device can be reduced. Become.
- a metal whose main component is A 1 (aluminum) is used, but it can reflect external light in the visible light region such as Cr (chromium) and Ag (silver).
- Cr chromium
- Ag silver
- the reflective electrode has both a function of reflecting external light and a function of applying a voltage to the liquid crystal, the device configuration and the manufacturing or design are higher than when a reflective film and a pixel electrode are separately formed. This is also advantageous and can reduce costs.
- a rectangular slit can be easily formed by a photo step, a development step, and a peeling step using a resist. That is, since the slit can be formed at the same time as the formation of the reflective electrode, the number of manufacturing steps does not need to be increased.
- the width of the slit is preferably not less than 0.01 zm and not more than 20 m. Further, it is particularly preferably 1 m or more and 5 m or less. By doing so, it is difficult for humans to recognize, and it is possible to simultaneously realize the reflective display and the transmissive display while suppressing the deterioration of the display quality caused by providing the slit.
- the slit is preferably formed at an area ratio of 5% or more and 30% or less with respect to the reflective electrode. By doing so, it is possible to suppress a decrease in brightness of the reflective display, and to realize a transmissive display by light introduced into the liquid crystal layer through the slit of the reflective electrode.
- the driving method of the first liquid crystal device is a passive matrix driving method.
- Various known driving methods such as an active matrix driving method, a TFT (Thin Film Diode) active matrix driving method, a TFD (Thin Film Diode) active matrix driving method, and a segment driving method can be adopted.
- a plurality of the reflective electrodes are formed in a line at a predetermined gap, and the slit extends in a longitudinal direction of the reflective electrode.
- the oblique electric field due to the slit long side is dealt with, the oblique electric field caused by the gap between the reflective electrodes can be dealt with at the same time, and the slit can be easily formed when the reflective electrode is formed.
- the design of the photomask required at this time can be simplified, which is very advantageous in terms of apparatus configuration, manufacturing, or design.
- the transparent electrode is formed in a plurality of lines at a predetermined gap in a direction intersecting with the reflective electrode, and the slit is formed in the gap between the transparent electrodes. May extend to the opposite position.
- the edge of the reflective electrode that defines the short side of the slit that is relatively opposed to the slit is located in a region where the transparent electrode is not formed, that is, the transparent electrode and the reflective electrode.
- the slit may extend over a plurality of pixels.
- the edge of the reflective electrode that defines the short side of the slit that is relatively opposed to each other is not present for each pixel, the edge of the reflective electrode and the transparent electrode are not provided.
- the slit may further extend out of the image display area.
- the width of the slit may be substantially equal to the gap between the reflective electrodes.
- ⁇ substantially equal '' means that when the same measure is taken for the oblique electric field, the effect of the oblique electric field due to the slit long side and the effect of the oblique electric field caused by the gap between the reflective electrodes are equal on the display.
- the slit width and the gap between the reflective electrodes are equal to the extent that they appear, or equal to the extent that they can be formed with a photomask of the same line width.
- the width of the slit is 4 Aim or less.
- the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal changes according to the slit width. More specifically, when the slit width is wider than 4 m, Since the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal greatly differs between the reflective display and the transmissive display, a drive voltage capable of obtaining a good contrast / density change in both of these displays. It has proved difficult or impossible to set. This is considered to be because if the width of the slit exceeds 4 m, a strong electric field is required to drive the liquid crystal portion facing the slit.
- the slit width is 4 zm or less, so that the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal can be made substantially the same between the reflective display and the transmissive display. For example, if the slit width is 2 n If m and the width of the reflective electrode are 10 / m, it is possible to relatively easily set a drive voltage capable of obtaining a sufficient contrast / density change in both displays.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules which is most likely to move at the approximate center position between the transparent electrode and the reflective electrode, and the longitudinal direction of the slit are separated from the orthogonal direction by 30 ° or more.
- the orientation state changes satisfactorily with almost no generation of tilt domains. Therefore, the threshold voltage at the time of driving the liquid crystal can be lowered, and the power consumption of the liquid crystal device can be reduced. Further, it is possible to eliminate display defects such as disclination due to tilt domains in the liquid crystal layer.
- the angle ⁇ is not in the range of ⁇ 60 ° £ ⁇ 60 °, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules and the longitudinal direction of the slit become almost orthogonal, and tilt domains are generated violently. As a result, the drive voltage also increases. In particular, within the range of ⁇ 30 ° ⁇ £ ⁇ 30 °, the above-mentioned effects are maximized.
- the tilt domain is the same as the phenomenon described on page 254 of “Liquid Crystal Device Handbook” (Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun), edited by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Committee 142, Tilt domains are not caused by the magnitude of the pretilt angle but by the direction in which the electric field is applied.
- the liquid crystal molecules at the substrate interface are oblique. Reverse tilt by influence The possibilities almost disappear. For this reason, it is possible to eliminate display defects such as disc line due to tilt domain caused by reverse tilt. As a result, the threshold voltage at the time of driving the liquid crystal can be reduced, and the power consumption of the liquid crystal device can be reduced. If the angle is out of the range of 30 ° ⁇ (5 ⁇ 30 °), the liquid crystal molecules at the substrate interface are significantly tilted under the influence of the oblique electric field, and display defects occur. In addition, the driving voltage increases and the power consumption increases, especially in the case of 10 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1
- the non-driving state is a dark (black) state.
- the non-driving state is in the dark state, it is possible to suppress light leakage from between pixels or dots where the liquid crystal is not driven during the transmissive display, and the transmissive display has a high contrast. Can be obtained.
- reflected light unnecessary for display from between pixels and between dots can be suppressed, so that a display with high contrast can be obtained.
- the surface of the first substrate on the liquid crystal layer side and the surface of the second substrate on the liquid crystal layer side may at least partially cover the gap between the reflective electrodes. At least one of them has a light shielding layer formed thereon.
- this aspect it is possible to suppress light leakage from between pixels or between dots where the liquid crystal is not driven during transmissive display, and to obtain transmissive display with high contrast. Further, in the reflective display, reflected light unnecessary for display between pixels or between dots can be suppressed, so that a display with high contrast can be obtained.
- a first polarizing plate disposed on the opposite side of the first substrate from the liquid crystal layer, and disposed between the first substrate and the first polarizing plate. At least one first retardation plate is further provided.
- the reflective display and the transmissive display are mainly performed by the first polarizing plate.
- good display control can be performed, and the influence on color tone such as coloring caused by wavelength dispersion of light can be reduced mainly by the first retardation plate.
- a second polarizing plate disposed between the second substrate and the lighting device; and a second polarizing plate disposed between the second substrate and the second polarizing plate. At least one second retardation plate is further provided.
- good display control can be mainly performed in the transmissive display by the second polarizing plate, and the influence on the color tone such as coloring caused by the wavelength dispersion of light is mainly reduced by the second retardation plate. can do.
- the reflective electrode contains 95% by weight or more of A1, and has a layer thickness of 10 nm to 40 nm.
- a transflective reflective electrode having a thin layer thickness can be formed. According to experiments, a transflective reflective electrode having a transmittance of 1% or more and 40% or less and a reflectance of 50% or more and 95% or less can be manufactured within this layer thickness range.
- a color filter is further provided between the reflective electrode and the first substrate.
- the color filter preferably has a transmittance of 25% or more for all light in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm. In this way, a bright reflective color display and a transmissive color display can be realized.
- a scattering plate is further provided on a side of the first substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the mirror surface of the reflective electrode can be made to look like a scattering surface (white surface) by the scattering plate.
- a wide viewing angle can be displayed by scattering by the scattering plate.
- the position of the scattering plate may be any position as long as it is opposite to the liquid crystal layer of the first substrate.
- Backscatter of scattering plate Considering the effect of external light incident (scattering on the incident light side), it is desirable to dispose it between the polarizing plate and the first substrate. Backscattering is scattered light that has nothing to do with the display of the liquid crystal device, and the presence of this backscattering reduces the contrast in the reflective display.
- the reflective electrode has unevenness. According to this aspect, it is possible to eliminate the mirror feeling of the reflective electrode by the unevenness and to make the reflective electrode appear as a scattering surface (white surface). In addition, a wide viewing angle can be displayed by scattering due to unevenness. This uneven shape can be formed by using a photosensitive acryl resin or the like as the base of the reflective electrode, or by roughening the base glass substrate itself with hydrofluoric acid. In addition, it is necessary to further form a transparent flattening film on the uneven surface of the reflective electrode and to flatten the surface facing the liquid crystal layer (the surface on which the alignment film is formed) from the viewpoint of preventing poor alignment of the liquid crystal. desirable.
- the reflective electrode is formed of a laminate of a reflective layer and a transparent electrode layer.
- the reflective layer has a function of reflecting external light and a liquid crystal drive voltage is applied, even if the slit-opened reflective electrode is not formed of a single reflective and conductive film. If the function is given to the transparent electrode layer, the reflective electrode can be obtained.
- the above object of the present invention is also achieved by a first electronic device including the above-described first liquid crystal device of the present invention.
- a transflective liquid crystal device or a transflective liquid crystal device capable of switching and displaying between a reflective display and a transmissive display without a double reflection due to parallax or display bleeding is provided.
- Various electronic devices using color liquid crystal devices can be realized. Such electronic devices can be used in bright or dark places. However, high-quality display can be achieved regardless of ambient light.
- the object of the present invention is to form a pair of transparent first and second substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, and a surface of the first substrate on the liquid crystal layer side.
- a first polarizer disposed on a side of the one substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer; at least one first retardation plate disposed between the first substrate and the first polarizer;
- a second polarizing plate disposed between the second substrate and the lighting device; and at least one second retardation plate disposed between the second substrate and the second polarizing plate. This is also achieved by the second liquid crystal device provided.
- the reflective electrode reflects external light incident from the first substrate side to the liquid crystal layer side.
- the reflective electrode since the reflective electrode is arranged on the liquid crystal layer side of the second substrate, there is almost no gap between the liquid crystal layer and the reflective electrode, and therefore, double reflection of the display or display bleeding due to parallax is caused. Does not occur.
- the light source light emitted from the illuminating device and incident from the second substrate side is transmitted to the liquid crystal layer side through the reflective electrode formed of the semi-transmissive reflective layer. Therefore, in a dark place, bright display can be performed using the light from the light source.
- Such a semi-transmissive reflection layer is provided with a rectangular slit / square fine opening or the like, as in the above-described first liquid crystal device of the present invention, and has a partial area through which light can be transmitted.
- a semi-transmissive reflective film such as a metal thin film in which minute defects such as hole defects and pit defects are scattered. It may be composed of a film. Alternatively, it may be composed of a plurality of line-shaped or island-shaped reflective electrodes formed with a predetermined gap as described later.
- the second liquid crystal device particularly includes the first polarizing plate and the first retardation plate, and the second polarizing plate and the second retardation plate
- the first and second polarizing plates can be used to switch between the reflective display and the transmissive display. In any case, good display control can be performed.
- the first retardation plate reduces the influence on the color tone such as coloring caused by the wavelength dispersion of light during reflective display
- the second retardation plate causes the wavelength dispersion of light during transmissive display. It is possible to reduce the influence on the color tone such as coloring.
- Various known driving methods such as a passive matrix driving method, a TFT active matrix driving method, a TFD active matrix driving method, and a segment driving method can be adopted as a driving method of the second liquid crystal device. It is.
- the non-driving state is a dark (black) state.
- the non-driving state is in the dark state, it is possible to suppress light leakage from between pixels or dots where the liquid crystal is not driven during the transmissive display, and the transmissive display has a high contrast. Can be obtained.
- reflected light unnecessary for display between pixels or between dots can be suppressed, so that a display with high contrast can be obtained.
- the surface of the first substrate on the liquid crystal layer side and the surface of the second substrate on the liquid crystal layer side may at least partially cover the gap between the reflective electrodes. At least one of them has a light shielding layer formed thereon.
- this aspect it is possible to suppress light leakage from between pixels or between dots in which liquid crystal is not driven during transmissive display, and to obtain transmissive display with high contrast. Further, in the reflective display, reflected light unnecessary for display between pixels or between dots can be suppressed, so that a display with high contrast can be obtained.
- the reflective electrode contains 95% by weight or more of A1, and has a layer thickness of 10 nm to 40 nm.
- a transflective reflective electrode having a thin layer thickness can be formed. According to experiments, a transflective reflective electrode with a transmittance of 1% or more and 40% or less and a reflectance of 50% or more and 95% or less was produced within this layer thickness range. Can be manufactured.
- a color filter is further provided between the reflective electrode and the first substrate.
- the color filter preferably has a transmittance of 25% or more for all light in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm. By doing so, a bright reflective color display and a transmissive color display can be realized.
- a scattering plate is further provided on a side of the first substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the mirror surface of the reflective electrode can be made to look like a scattering surface (white surface) by the scattering plate.
- a wide viewing angle can be displayed by scattering by the scattering plate.
- the position of the scattering plate may be any position as long as it is opposite to the liquid crystal layer of the first substrate. Considering the effect of backscattering of the scattering plate (scattering to the incident light side when external light enters), it is desirable to dispose it between the polarizing plate and the first substrate. Backscattering is scattered light that has nothing to do with the display of the liquid crystal device, and the presence of this backscattering reduces the contrast during reflective display. By arranging between the polarizing plate and the first substrate, the amount of backscattered light can be reduced to about half by the polarizing plate.o
- the reflection electrode has irregularities.
- the mirror surface of the reflective electrode can be eliminated by the unevenness and can be seen as a scattering surface (white surface).
- a wide viewing angle can be displayed by scattering due to unevenness.
- This uneven shape can be formed by using a photosensitive acryl resin or the like as the base of the reflective electrode, or by roughening the base glass substrate itself with hydrofluoric acid.
- a transparent flattening film is further formed on the uneven surface of the reflective electrode, and the surface facing the liquid crystal layer is formed. It is desirable to flatten the surface (the surface on which the alignment film is formed) from the viewpoint of preventing poor alignment of the liquid crystal.
- the reflective electrode is formed of a laminate of a reflective layer and a transparent electrode layer.
- the transflective layer constituting the reflective electrode is not formed of a single reflective and conductive film, the reflective layer is provided with a function of reflecting external light and the liquid crystal drive voltage is reduced. If the transparent electrode layer has the function of applying the voltage, a transflective layer constituting the reflection electrode can be obtained.
- the above object of the present invention is also achieved by a second electronic device including the above-described second liquid crystal device of the present invention.
- a transflective liquid crystal device or a transflective liquid crystal device capable of switching between a reflective display and a transmissive display without double reflection due to parallax or display bleeding is provided.
- Various electronic devices using color liquid crystal devices can be realized. Such an electronic device can realize high-quality display regardless of ambient light even in a bright or dark place.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device comprising: a pair of transparent first and second substrates; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates; and a liquid crystal layer-side surface of the second substrate.
- a plurality of reflective electrodes formed with a gap therebetween, and a transparent electrode formed on the surface of the first substrate on the liquid crystal layer side, at a position facing the reflective electrode and at a position facing the gap between the reflective electrodes.
- a third liquid crystal device comprising: a lighting device disposed on a side of the second substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the reflective electrode reflects external light incident from the first substrate side to the liquid crystal layer side.
- the reflective electrode since the reflective electrode is arranged on the liquid crystal layer side of the second substrate, there is almost no gap between the liquid crystal layer and the reflective electrode, and therefore, double reflection of the display or display bleeding due to parallax is caused. Does not occur.
- the light emitted from the illumination device and incident from the second substrate side is directed to the liquid crystal layer side through the gap between the reflective electrodes.
- the liquid crystal can be driven by an oblique electric field generated between the transparent electrode portion facing the gap between the reflective electrodes and the reflective electrode.
- a driving method of the third liquid crystal device various known driving methods such as a passive matrix driving method, a TFT active matrix driving method, a TFT active matrix driving method, and a segment driving method can be adopted. Therefore, a plurality of reflective electrodes are formed in a line shape or a plurality of rectangular shapes, depending on the driving method to be adopted.
- the width of the gap between the reflective electrodes is preferably from 0.01 to 20 m, particularly preferably from 1 to 5 m. By doing so, it is difficult for humans to perceive it, and it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the display quality caused by the provision of the gap, and it is possible to simultaneously implement the reflective display and the transmissive display.
- the gap is preferably formed with an area ratio of 5% or more and 30% or less with respect to the reflective electrode. By doing so, it is possible to suppress a decrease in brightness of the reflective display, and to realize a transmissive display by light introduced into the liquid crystal layer from the gap between the reflective electrodes.
- the liquid crystal portion driven by the oblique electric field occupies a small portion of the entire liquid crystal layer in the transmissive display, by increasing the brightness of the light source by the illumination device, the liquid crystal portion can provide sufficiently bright and high-quality display. It becomes possible.
- the reflective electrode is formed in a plurality of lengths, and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecule at a substantially central position between the transparent electrode and the reflective electrode and the reflective electrode.
- the angle with the longitudinal direction is — 60 ° ⁇ 0 ⁇ 60 °.
- the reflective electrode is formed in a long shape such as a line shape or a rectangular shape, and is located at a substantially central position between the transparent electrode and the reflective electrode, and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecule that is most movable and the longitudinal direction of the reflective electrode. Is more than 30 ° away from the orthogonality, so that the liquid crystal molecules change their alignment state satisfactorily with almost no tilt domain generation by applying a voltage between the transparent electrode and the reflective electrode. . Therefore, the threshold voltage at the time of driving the liquid crystal can be reduced, and the power consumption of the liquid crystal device can be reduced. Further, it is possible to eliminate display defects such as disclination due to tilt domains in the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal molecules at the substrate interface are obstructed by the oblique electric field. There is almost no possibility of reverse tilt due to the influence. For this reason, it is possible to eliminate display defects such as disclination due to tilt domains due to reverse tilt. As a result, the threshold voltage at the time of driving the liquid crystal can be reduced, and the power consumption of the liquid crystal device can be reduced.
- the first liquid crystal device is disposed between the first substrate and the first polarizer, the first polarizer being disposed on the opposite side of the first substrate from the liquid crystal layer. At least one first retardation plate is further provided.
- good display control can be performed in both the reflective display and the transmissive display mainly by the first polarizing plate, and coloring due to wavelength dispersion of light is mainly performed by the first retardation plate.
- the effect on the color tone can be reduced.
- a second polarizing plate disposed between the second substrate and the lighting device; and a second polarizing plate disposed between the second substrate and the second polarizing plate. And at least one second retardation plate.
- good display control can be mainly performed in the transmissive display by the second polarizing plate, and the influence on the color tone such as coloring caused by the wavelength dispersion of light is mainly reduced by the second retardation plate. can do.
- the reflective electrode contains 95% by weight or more of A1, and has a layer thickness of 10 nm to 40 nm.
- a transflective reflective electrode having a thin layer thickness can be formed. According to experiments, a transflective reflective electrode having a transmittance of 1% or more and 40% or less and a reflectance of 50% or more and 95% or less can be manufactured within this layer thickness range.
- a color filter is further provided between the reflective electrode and the first substrate.
- the color filter preferably has a transmittance of 25% or more for all light in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm. In this way, bright reflective color display and transmissive color display can be realized.
- a scattering plate is further provided on a side of the first substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the mirror surface of the reflective electrode can be made to look like a scattering surface (white surface) by the scattering plate.
- a wide viewing angle can be displayed by scattering by the scattering plate.
- the position of the scattering plate may be any position as long as it is opposite to the liquid crystal layer of the first substrate. Considering the effect of backscattering of the scattering plate (scattering to the incident light side when external light enters), it is desirable to dispose it between the polarizing plate and the first substrate.
- Backscattering is scattered light that has nothing to do with the display of the liquid crystal device, and the presence of this backscattering lowers the contrast during reflective display.
- the amount of backscattered light can be reduced to about half by the polarizing plate.
- the reflection electrode has irregularities.
- the mirror surface of the reflective electrode can be eliminated by the unevenness and can be seen as a scattering surface (white surface).
- a wide viewing angle can be displayed by scattering due to unevenness.
- This uneven shape can be formed by using a photosensitive acryl resin or the like as the base of the reflective electrode, or by roughening the base glass substrate itself with hydrofluoric acid.
- the reflective electrode is formed of a laminate of a reflective layer and a transparent electrode layer.
- the reflective layer has a function of reflecting external light and a function of applying a liquid crystal drive voltage to the transparent electrode layer. , The reflective electrode is obtained.
- the above object of the present invention is also achieved by a third electronic device including the above-described third liquid crystal device of the present invention.
- the third electronic device of the present invention double reflection or display bleeding due to parallax is caused. Therefore, it is possible to realize various electronic devices using a transflective liquid crystal device or a transflective color liquid crystal device capable of switching between a reflective display and a transmissive display for display. Such an electronic device can realize high-quality display regardless of ambient light even in a bright or dark place.
- the object of the present invention is to provide (i) a pair of transparent first and second substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, and a surface of the first substrate on the liquid crystal layer side.
- a transparent electrode formed, a reflective electrode formed of a semi-transmissive reflective layer formed on a surface of the second substrate on the liquid crystal layer side, and an illumination disposed on the second substrate on a side opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the reflective electrode reflects external light incident from the first substrate side to the liquid crystal layer side.
- the reflective electrode since the reflective electrode is arranged on the liquid crystal layer side of the second substrate, there is almost no gap between the liquid crystal layer and the reflective electrode, and therefore, double reflection of the display or display bleeding due to parallax is caused. Does not occur.
- the light source light emitted from the illuminating device and incident from the second substrate side is transmitted to the liquid crystal layer side through the reflective electrode formed of the semi-transmissive reflective layer. Therefore, in a dark place, bright display can be performed using the light from the light source.
- Such a semi-transmissive reflective layer is formed from a reflective film in which a rectangular slit / square fine opening or the like is provided and light is transmitted through a part of the area, similarly to the above-described first liquid crystal device of the present invention. It may be composed of a semi-transmissive reflective film such as a metal thin film in which minute defects such as hole defects and dent defects are scattered, or a film that exhibits semi-transmissive reflectivity in the entire region. It may be composed of Alternatively, as in the third liquid crystal device of the present invention, a plurality of reflective electrodes having a linear or island shape may be formed at predetermined intervals.
- the liquid crystal panel in which the transparent electrode and the reflective electrode are driven by the driving means is in a dark state when not driven. That is, normally black It is driven in the lock mode. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress light leakage from between pixels or between dots in which liquid crystal is not driven during transmissive display, and to obtain transmissive display with high contrast. Further, at the time of reflective display, reflected light unnecessary for display between pixels or between dots can be suppressed, so that a display with high contrast can be obtained. As described above, it is possible to improve the contrast in the transmissive display and the reflective display without providing a light-shielding film generally called a black matrix or a black mask at a position facing the gap between the reflective electrodes. Becomes In addition, by providing such a light-shielding film, it is possible to prevent a situation in which the brightness at the time of reflective display is lowered.
- Various known driving methods such as a passive matrix driving method, a TFT active matrix driving method, a TFD active matrix driving method, and a segment driving method, are employed as the driving method of the fourth liquid crystal device. It is possible.
- the liquid crystal panel includes: a first polarizing plate disposed on a side of the first substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer; and the first substrate and the first polarizing plate. And at least one first retardation plate disposed between the first and second retardation plates.
- good display control can be performed in both the reflective display and the transmissive display mainly by the first polarizing plate, and coloring due to wavelength dispersion of light is mainly performed by the first retardation plate.
- the effect on the color tone can be reduced.
- the liquid crystal panel includes: a second polarizing plate disposed between the second substrate and the lighting device; and the second substrate and the second polarizing plate. And at least one second retardation plate disposed therebetween.
- good display control can be mainly performed in the transmissive display by the second polarizing plate, and wavelength dispersion of light mainly occurs by the second retardation plate. Therefore, the influence on the color tone such as coloring can be reduced.
- the reflective electrode contains 95% by weight or more of A1, and has a layer thickness of 10 nm to 40 nm.
- a transflective reflective electrode having a thin layer thickness can be formed. According to experiments, a transflective reflective electrode having a transmittance of 1% or more and 40% or less and a reflectance of 50% or more and 95% or less can be manufactured within this layer thickness range.
- the liquid crystal panel further includes a color filter between the reflective electrode and the first substrate.
- the color filter preferably has a transmittance of 25% or more for all light in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm. In this way, bright reflective color display and transmissive color display can be realized.
- the liquid crystal panel further includes a scattering plate on a side of the first substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the mirror surface of the reflective electrode can be made to look like a scattering surface (white surface) by the scattering plate.
- a wide viewing angle can be displayed by scattering by the scattering plate.
- the position of the scattering plate may be any position as long as it is opposite to the liquid crystal layer of the first substrate. Considering the effect of backscattering of the scattering plate (scattering to the incident light side when external light enters), it is desirable to dispose it between the polarizing plate and the first substrate. Backscattering is scattered light that has nothing to do with the display of the liquid crystal device, and the presence of this backscattering reduces the contrast in the reflective display.
- the reflective electrode has unevenness.
- the mirror surface of the reflective electrode can be eliminated by the unevenness, and can be seen as a scattering surface (white surface).
- a wide viewing angle can be displayed by scattering due to unevenness.
- This uneven shape can be formed by using a photosensitive acryl resin or the like as the base of the reflective electrode, or by roughening the base glass substrate itself with hydrofluoric acid.
- the reflective electrode is formed of a laminate of a reflective layer and a transparent electrode layer.
- the transflective layer constituting the reflective electrode is not formed of a single reflective and conductive film, the reflective layer is provided with a function of reflecting external light and the liquid crystal drive voltage is reduced. If the transparent electrode layer has the function of applying the voltage, a transflective layer constituting the reflection electrode can be obtained.
- the above object of the present invention is also achieved by a fourth electronic device including the above-described fourth liquid crystal device of the present invention.
- a transflective liquid crystal device or a transflective liquid crystal device capable of switching and displaying between a reflective display and a transmissive display without causing double reflection due to parallax or blurring of display.
- Various electronic devices using color liquid crystal devices can be realized. Such an electronic device can realize high-quality display regardless of ambient light even in a bright or dark place.
- FIG. 1a is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing the schematic structure of the first and second embodiments of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1b is a schematic plan view showing a schematic structure of the first and second embodiments.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the rubbing directions of the polarizing plate, the phase difference plate and the liquid crystal cell of the second embodiment, and the driving voltage-reflectance R / transmittance of the liquid crystal device at that time
- FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing a T characteristic.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged sectional view showing a schematic structure on a second transparent substrate in a third embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a schematic structure of a fourth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic vertical sectional view showing a schematic structure of a fifth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic plan view showing a schematic structure of a fifth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an example of a reflective electrode having a slit opened in a sixth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view showing another example of the reflective electrode having the slit opened in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing another example of the reflective electrode having the slit opened in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing another example of the reflective electrode having the slit opened in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing another example of the reflective electrode having the slit opened in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view showing another example of the reflective electrode having the slit opened in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view showing another example of the reflective electrode provided with the slit in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the alignment direction of the liquid crystal in the central portion between the substrates in the seventh and ninth embodiments of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of the liquid crystal device according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a plan view showing a specific configuration example of the reflective electrode in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a plan view showing a specific configuration example of the reflective electrode in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a plan view showing another specific configuration example of the reflective electrode in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a plan view showing another specific configuration example of the reflective electrode in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a plan view showing a modified example of the reflective electrode in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a contrast display for the reflective display when the angle ⁇ is changed in the ninth embodiment according to the present invention.
- 5 is a chart showing contrast on a transparent display.
- FIG. 20 is a chart showing contrast in the reflective display and contrast in the transmissive display when the angle ⁇ is changed in the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 21a is a plan view schematically showing the TFD drive element according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention together with pixel electrodes and the like.
- FIG. 21 b is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 21 a.
- FIG. 22 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing the liquid crystal element in the tenth embodiment together with a drive circuit.
- FIG. 23 is a partially broken perspective view schematically showing the liquid crystal element in the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is an equivalent circuit of various elements, wiring, and the like in a plurality of pixels formed in a matrix and constituting an image display area of the liquid crystal device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a plan view of a plurality of pixel groups adjacent to each other on a transparent substrate on which a data line, a scanning line, a pixel electrode, and the like are formed in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C ′ of FIG.
- FIG. 27 is a graph showing the light transmittance of each colored layer of the color filter in the first to fifth examples.
- FIG. 28 is a schematic perspective view of various electronic devices of the 12th embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1a is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1b is a schematic plan view of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1a.
- the color filter and the black matrix layer shown in Fig. 1a are omitted to make it easier to see the electrode arrangement, and only three stripes are shown for convenience of explanation.
- an actual liquid crystal device has a much larger number of striped electrodes.
- the first embodiment is basically related to a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, the same configuration is applied to an active matrix type device, another segment type device, and other liquid crystal devices. It is possible.
- a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer 3 is sealed between two transparent substrates 1 and 2 by a frame-shaped sealing material 4 is formed.
- the liquid crystal layer 3 is composed of a nematic liquid crystal having a predetermined twist angle.
- a color filter 5 is formed on the inner surface of the front transparent substrate 1, and the color filter 5 includes three colored layers of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) in a predetermined pattern. Are arranged.
- a transparent protective film 10 is coated on the surface of the color filter 5, and a plurality of strip-shaped transparent electrodes 6 are formed on the surface of the protective film 10, such as an IT0 (Indium Tin Oxide) film. Is formed.
- An alignment film 9 is formed on the surface of the transparent electrode 6 and rubbed in a predetermined direction.
- each reflective electrode 7 is formed in a rectangular shape and connected to wiring via an active element.
- the reflective electrode 7 is formed of Cr, A1, or the like, and its surface is a reflective surface that reflects light incident from the transparent substrate 1 side.
- an alignment film 19 similar to the above is formed on the surface of the reflective electrode 7, an alignment film 19 similar to the above is formed.
- the reflective electrode 7 is provided with a large number of openings 7 b (see FIG. Lb) having a diameter of 2 ⁇ m, and the total area of the openings 7 b is about 10% of the total area of the reflective electrode 7. It is provided.
- a polarizing plate 11 is arranged on the outer surface of the front transparent substrate 1, and a retardation plate 13 is arranged between the polarizing plate 11 and the transparent electrode 1. Further, behind the liquid crystal cell, a retardation plate 14 is disposed behind the transparent substrate 2, and a polarizing plate 12 is disposed behind the retardation plate 14. Behind the polarizing plate 12, a backlight 15 having a fluorescent tube 15a emitting white light and a light guide plate 15b having an incident end face along the fluorescent tube 15a is provided. Is placed.
- the light guide plate 15b is a transparent body such as an acryl resin plate having a rough surface for scattering formed on the entire back surface or a printed layer for scattering, and transmits light of the fluorescent tube 15a as a light source. It is configured to receive light at the end face and emit substantially uniform light from the upper surface in the figure.
- Other backlights include LED (light emitting diode) and EL (electroluminescence).
- a light shielding portion formed between the colored layers of the color filter 5 is used.
- a certain black matrix layer 5a is provided substantially corresponding to a plane.
- the black matrix layer 5a is formed by depositing a Cr layer or by using a photosensitive black resin.
- the reflective display will be described. External light passes through the polarizer 11, the retarder 13, and the color filter 5 in FIG. 1, respectively, and passes through the liquid crystal layer 3. Thereafter, the light is reflected by the reflection electrode 7 and is emitted again from the polarizing plate 11. At this time, the transmission (bright state) and absorption (dark state) of the polarizing plate 11 and the brightness between them are controlled in accordance with the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 3.
- the light from the backlight 15 becomes a predetermined polarized light by the polarizer 12 and the retarder 14, is introduced into the liquid crystal layer 3 from the opening 7 b of the reflective electrode 7, and after passing through the liquid crystal layer 3, is subjected to the color filter.
- E5 Transmits through retarder 13.
- the transmission (bright state) and the absorption (dark state) of the polarizing plate 11 and the brightness between them are controlled according to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 3.
- the polarizing plate 11 which is an example of the first polarizing plate
- the retardation plate 13 which is an example of the first retardation plate
- the polarizing plate 12 which is an example of the second polarizing plate
- the second retardation Since the phase difference plate 14 as an example of the plate is provided, good display control can be performed in both the reflection type display and the transmission type display by the polarizing plates 11 and 12.
- the phase difference plate 13 reduces the influence on the color tone such as coloring caused by the wavelength dispersion of the light in the reflection type display (that is, the optimal display in the reflection type display using the phase difference plate 13).
- the phase difference plate 14 reduces the influence on the color tone such as coloring caused by the wavelength dispersion of light in the transmissive display (that is, the phase difference plate 1 4 Under the condition that the display in the reflective display is optimized by the method 3, the display in the transmissive display by the phase difference plate 14 can be further optimized).
- the retardation plates 13 and 14 are one in this embodiment, it is also possible to arrange a plurality of retardation plates at respective positions by liquid crystal cell coloring compensation or viewing angle compensation. . By using a plurality of retardation plates, it is possible to more easily optimize coloring compensation or visual compensation.
- the opening 7b provided in the reflection electrode 7 in the first embodiment is, for example, For example, it is composed of square minute openings or rectangular slits regularly arranged on the surface of the reflective electrode 7, or minute defects such as hole defects and concave defects scattered in the reflective electrode 7. This portion allows light to pass through the reflective electrode 7.
- the configuration of such an opening 7b will be described in detail in later-described sixth to eighth embodiments (see FIG. 7 to FIG. 11), and a detailed description thereof will be omitted here.
- the first embodiment light is introduced from the knock light 15 through the opening 7b provided in the reflective electrode 7 to perform a transmissive display, but the gap 7a between the reflective electrodes 7 is provided. Also, in a configuration in which light is introduced through the device to perform a transmissive display (refer to a thirteenth embodiment described later), the light is reflected by the polarizer 11 and the retarder 13 and the polarizer 12 and the retarder 14. In both the type display and the transmissive type display, good display control can be performed, and the effect of reducing coloring due to wavelength dispersion of light can be similarly obtained.
- a second embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B. That is, the basic configuration of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the second embodiment specifically describes the materials and characteristics of the liquid crystal, the reflective electrode, the alignment film, and the polarizing plate in the first embodiment. This is a limited embodiment.
- the second embodiment is basically related to a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, the same configuration is applied to an active matrix type device, another segment type device, and other liquid crystal devices. It is possible to apply.
- the alignment film 9 formed on the surface of the transparent electrode 6 is subjected to a rubbing treatment in a predetermined direction.
- the liquid crystal molecules of No. 3 have a pretilt angle of about 85 degrees in the rubbing direction.
- An alignment film 19 similar to the above is formed on the surface of the reflective electrode 7, but this alignment film 19 is not subjected to a rubbing treatment.
- the reflective electrode 7 a metal film obtained by sputtering A1 to which 1.0% by weight of Nd was added to a thickness of 25 nm was used, and this A1 was 95% by weight.
- the above materials are used, and the film thickness is set to 10 nm or more and 40 nm or less. It should be noted that such a reflective electrode 7 may be used in the first embodiment.
- quarter-wave plates are used as the phase difference plates 13 and 14, respectively.
- the transmission axes P 1 and P 2 of the polarizing plates 11 and 12 are set in the same direction as shown in FIG.
- the direction R 1 of the rubbing treatment of the alignment film 9 on the inner surface of the transparent substrate 1 is also the direction of the slow axes C 1 and C 2 of the retarders (ie, 1 wavelength plates) 13 and 14. It is applied in the direction that matches.
- the rubbing direction R1 defines the direction in which the liquid crystal layer 3 falls when an electric field is applied.
- a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used as the liquid crystal layer 3.
- FIG. 2B shows the driving voltage characteristics of the reflectance R at the time of the reflective display and the driving voltage characteristics of the transmittance T at the time of the transmissive display in the second embodiment configured as described above.
- the display state when no electric field is applied is dark (black). That is, the liquid crystal device is driven by the normally-black mode.
- the liquid crystal device is driven by the normally-black mode.
- the reflective display will be described.
- the external light passes through the polarizer 11, the retarder 13, and the color filter 5 in FIG. 1, respectively, passes through the liquid crystal layer 3, is reflected by the reflective electrode 7, and is emitted again from the polarizer 11.
- the transmission (bright state) and absorption (dark state) of the polarizing plate 11 and the brightness between them are controlled in accordance with the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 3.
- a predetermined polarized light (circularly polarized light, elliptically polarized light or linearly polarized light) is formed by the optical plate 12 and the phase difference plate 14, introduced into the liquid crystal layer 3 through the opening 7 b of the reflective electrode 7, and after passing through the liquid crystal layer 3, The light passes through the filter 5 and the phase difference plate 13 respectively.
- the transmission (bright state) and absorption (dark state) of the polarizing plate 11 and the intermediate brightness can be controlled according to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 3.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view showing the structure formed on the inner surface of the transparent substrate 2 in the third embodiment.
- the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a reflective electrode 17 is provided instead of the reflective electrode 7, and the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the third embodiment is basically concerned with a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, it can be applied to an active matrix type device, another segment type device, and other liquid crystal devices by the same configuration. Is possible.
- the reflection electrode 17 has, for example, unevenness with a height difference of about 0.8 zm. Therefore, the mirror feeling of the reflective electrode 17 can be eliminated by the unevenness and can be seen as a scattering surface (white surface). In addition, a wide viewing angle can be displayed by scattering due to unevenness.
- the reflective electrode 17 is formed by applying a photosensitive resist on the inner surface of the transparent substrate 2 shown in FIG. 1 by spin coating or the like, and exposing with a light amount adjusted through a mask having fine openings. Thereafter, if necessary, the photosensitive resist is baked and developed. The part corresponding to the opening of the mask by development
- the support layer 16 is partially removed and has a corrugated cross-sectional shape as shown in the figure. Here, only the portion corresponding to the opening of the mask is removed by the above photolithographic process, or only the portion corresponding to the opening of the mask is left. Thereafter, the uneven shape is smoothed by etching or heating. To form a corrugated cross-section like the support layer 16 shown in the drawing, or another layer is laminated on the surface of the support layer once formed to form a smoother surface. You may.
- a reflective electrode 17 having a reflective surface is formed by depositing a metal on the surface of the support layer 16 by vapor deposition, sputtering or the like to form a thin film.
- a metal As the metal, A1, CrAg, Au or the like is used. Since the reflective electrode 17 is formed reflecting the shape according to the corrugations on the surface of the support layer 16, the surface is entirely roughened.
- a planarizing film 18 made of a transparent resin is applied as necessary, and an alignment film 19 is further laminated thereon.
- the reflective electrode 17 as described above is provided, it is possible to prevent external light from being reflected due to direct reflection in the case of a reflective display, thereby reducing display brightness. The visibility can be improved without the need.
- a transparent electrode may be further formed after forming a reflective layer having the same shape as the reflective electrode 17.
- the reflective electrode is formed of a laminate of the reflective layer and the transparent electrode layer, the reflective layer has the function of reflecting external light and the transparent electrode layer has the function of applying a liquid crystal drive voltage.
- a semi-transmissive reflective layer constituting a reflective electrode having irregularities is obtained.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing the structure of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1A are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
- a transmission type light diffusion plate 21 is disposed between the phase difference plate 13 and the transparent substrate 1.
- the light diffusing plate 21 has an internal diffusion type in which transparent particles having different refractive indices are dispersed in a transparent substrate such as an acrylic resin, or the surface of the transparent substrate is roughened (matted). A surface diffusion type can be used. Other configurations are the same as in the first embodiment.
- the light diffusing plate 21 can also prevent the reflection of external light due to the direct reflection of the reflective electrode 7 when performing reflective display, thereby improving the visibility. Note that the light diffusion plate 21 can be used without being limited to the arrangement shown in FIG. 4 as long as it is disposed ahead of the reflection layer.
- the light diffusion plate 21 is formed as a light diffusion layer on the surface of the reflection electrode or the reflection layer. You may.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic vertical sectional view showing the structure of the fifth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5B is a schematic plan view of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 5A.
- Fig. 5b the color filter and the black matrix layer shown in Fig. 5a are omitted to make it easier to see the electrode arrangement, and for the sake of explanation, only three striped electrodes are shown vertically and horizontally.
- an actual liquid crystal device has a much larger number of striped electrodes.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B the same components as those in the first embodiment shown in FIGS.
- the fifth embodiment is basically related to a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, it is applied to an active matrix type device, another segment type device, and other liquid crystal devices with the same configuration. It is possible.
- a reflective electrode 17 having a large number of fine pores 17'a is formed.
- the fine pores 17'a allow light from the backlight 15 to pass through the reflective electrode 17 'when performing transmissive display, making the liquid crystal display visible.
- Fine The hole 17'a can be formed by, for example, depositing the reflective electrode 17 'by vapor deposition or sputtering, and then forming a resist layer having an opening by photolithography and etching. .
- the display can be made brighter when performing transmissive display by means of the pores 17'a, and reflection of external light is performed when performing reflective display as in the third embodiment. Can be prevented.
- FIGS. 6 to FIG. 12 are plan views each showing a reflective electrode having various slits opened.
- the sixth embodiment relates to a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, it is basically applicable to an active matrix type device, another segment type device, and other liquid crystal devices with the same configuration. Is possible.
- a plurality of transparent electrodes 801 as scanning lines as an example of the transparent electrode 6 are formed in a stripe shape on the inner surface of the transparent substrate 1 (see FIG. 1). .
- a reflective electrode 802 as a de-emphasis line which is an example of the reflective electrode 7 is formed.
- the reflective electrode (data line) 802 is provided with a slit 803 which is an example of the opening 7b.
- the reflective electrodes 800 assigned for R (red), G (green), and B (blue) each constitute one dot by the area that overlaps with one transparent electrode 801, and are adjacent to each other. An almost square pixel is composed of three dots of RGB. Four slits 803 are opened in each reflective electrode 802 for each dot.
- the short side 803a of the slit 803 is used.
- the oblique electric field (parallel to the longitudinal direction of 03) is a slit 8 0
- the long side of 3 is weakened according to the length of 8 0 3 b. That is, the movement of the liquid crystal molecules near the slit is controlled by the oblique electric field due to the long side 803 b of the slit 803 (the component in the substrate is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the slit 803).
- the sixth embodiment it is possible to reduce display defects, and at the same time, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the liquid crystal device by lowering the threshold voltage when driving the liquid crystal.
- the oblique electric field due to the short side 803 a of the slit 803 it is possible to take measures against the oblique electric field only for the oblique electric field due to the long side 803 b of the slit 803.
- Such a rectangular slit 803 can be easily manufactured by a photo process / developing process / stripping process using a resist. That is, the slit 803 can be formed at the same time when the reflective electrode 802 is formed.
- the width of the slit 803 is preferably not less than 0.01 ⁇ m and not more than 20 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably not more than 4 m. By doing so, it is difficult for humans to recognize, and it is possible to simultaneously realize the reflective display and the transmissive display while suppressing the deterioration of the display quality caused by providing the slit 803.
- the slit 803 is preferably formed with an area ratio of 5% or more and 30% or less with respect to the reflective electrode 802.
- a plurality of reflective electrodes 802 are formed in a line at a predetermined gap, and the slit 803 is formed in a longitudinal direction of the reflective electrode 802 (that is, in the vertical direction in FIG. 6). Direction). Therefore, by coping with the oblique electric field caused by the slit 803, it is possible to cope with the oblique electric field caused by the gap 802b between the reflective electrodes 802.
- the slit 803 can be easily formed when the reflective electrode 802 is formed, and the design of the photomask required at this time is also simplified. More specifically, the step of providing the slit 803 is not specially set, and the pattern of the slit 803 is also included in the photomask for forming the reflective electrode 802. Good.
- the slit 803 extends to a position facing the gap 801 b of the transparent electrode 801. Therefore, the edge of the reflective electrode 802 that defines the short side 803 a of the slit 803 that is relatively opposed to the slit 803 is located at the gap 800 b of the transparent electrode 801. In other words, since it is located out of the region where voltage is applied between the transparent electrode 801 and the reflective electrode 802, the short side 8 The influence of the oblique electric field due to 0 3a can be extremely significantly reduced.
- the slit 803 may extend over a plurality of pixels, and may extend outside the image display area.
- the edge of the reflective electrode 802 that defines the short side 803 a (not shown in FIG. 7) of the slit 803 relatively opposed to each other is Since it does not exist for each pixel or does not exist in the image display area, the influence of the oblique electric field due to the short side 803a of the slit 803, which causes the alignment failure of the liquid crystal, can be significantly reduced.
- the rectangular slit 803 in the sixth embodiment for example, two slits 803 for each dot as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 and a longitudinal direction as shown in FIG.
- One slit 903 for each dot, and the longitudinal direction as shown in FIG. 11 is parallel and perpendicular to the reflective electrode 1002 (that is, perpendicular and parallel to the transparent electrode 1001)
- a slit 103 formed by connecting a plurality of rectangular slits can be considered.
- a scattering plate may be provided, or the reflective electrode may be made uneven. Further, when driving in the normally black mode, the black matrix layer 5a may not be provided.
- a fifth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 6 to 10.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view for explaining the alignment direction of the liquid crystal in the central portion between the substrates.
- the liquid crystal 503 has a predetermined swist orientation between the two substrates 501 and 502.
- the direction of the major axis of the liquid crystal molecules 504 located substantially at the center between the substrates is defined as the alignment direction 505.
- the liquid crystal on the rectangular slit 803 is caused by a potential difference between the reflective electrode (data line) 802 and the transparent electrode (scan line) 801.
- An oblique electric field is generated, and the oblique electric field causes a slit.
- the liquid crystal on the 803 is driven to enable transmissive display.
- the longitudinal direction (the y direction in FIG. 6) of the slit 803 of the reflective electrode 802 and the orientation direction 804 of the liquid crystal molecules in the central portion between the substrates are formed.
- the angle is defined as.
- the threshold voltage during liquid crystal driving can be reduced, and the power consumption of the liquid crystal device can be reduced.
- the above-mentioned effects are maximized in the range of 30 ° ⁇ £ ⁇ 30 °.
- the longitudinal direction is parallel to the reflective electrode 802 as in the case of FIG.
- a bright and high-quality transmissive display can be obtained.
- the above effects are maximized.
- the longitudinal direction of the slit The angle between the direction (X direction in the figure) and the orientation direction 704 of the liquid crystal molecules in the central part between the substrates is defined as, and the longitudinal direction 904 of the slit 903 of the reflective electrode 902 is defined as the above.
- the angles are preferably in the range of —60 ° to 60 °, and in particular, —30 ° ⁇ £ In the range of ⁇ 30 °, the above-mentioned effects are maximized.
- the effect of the present invention described in the seventh embodiment can be further ensured by defining the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction 506 near the substrate 502 in FIG. Specifically, when the angle between the liquid crystal molecule orientation direction 805 near the lower substrate in FIG. 6 and the longitudinal direction of the slit 703 (Y direction in FIG. 6) is defined as (5, The preferred range is 30 ° ⁇ 5 ⁇ 30 ° because the reason for this is that, outside the range of ⁇ 30 ° S ⁇ 30 °, the liquid crystal molecules at the substrate interface reverse tilt due to the oblique electric field.
- the angle 5 to a range from 30 ° to 30 °, the threshold voltage at the time of driving the liquid crystal can be reduced, and the power consumption of the liquid crystal device can be reduced. In particular, within the range of ⁇ 10 ° ⁇ 5 ⁇ 10 °, the above effects are maximized.
- the angle 6 becomes ⁇ 30 °.
- the threshold voltage at the time of driving the liquid crystal can be reduced, and the power consumption of the liquid crystal device can be reduced.
- the above-mentioned effects are maximized, especially in the range of ⁇ 10 ° ⁇ S ⁇ 10 °.
- a scattering plate may be provided, or the reflecting electrode may be made uneven. Further, when driving in the normally black mode, the black matrix layer 5a may not be provided.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- the same components as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1A are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- FIGS. 15 to 17 are plan views showing specific examples of the configuration of the reflective electrode
- FIG. 18 is a plan view showing a modification of the reflective electrode.
- the reflective electrode 107 is configured to be slightly smaller than the transparent electrode 6 as compared with the first embodiment.
- the reflective electrode 114 is formed in a rectangular shape and connected to a wiring via the active element.
- Other configurations are the same as in the first embodiment. That is, in the eighth embodiment, the reflective electrode 107 on the inner surface of the transparent substrate 2 is formed with a smaller area than the transparent electrode 6 on the inner surface of the transparent substrate 1, and the reflective electrode 107 is formed by using an oblique electric field generated between the two electrodes. Are formed (therefore, the light from the backlight 15 can be transmitted) and the liquid crystal layer 3 is opposed to the gap 107b.
- the reflective display will be described. External light passes through the polarizer 11, the retarder 13, and the color filter 5 in FIG. 14 respectively, passes through the liquid crystal layer 3, is reflected by the reflective electrode 107, and returns from the polarizer 11 again. It is emitted. At this time, transmission (bright state) and absorption (dark state) of the polarizing plate 11 and brightness between them are controlled in accordance with the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 3.
- the transmission type display will be described.
- the light from the backlight 15 becomes a predetermined polarized light by the polarizer 12 and the retarder 14, and is introduced into the liquid crystal layer 3 from the gap portion 107 b where the reflective electrode 10 ⁇ is not formed.
- the light After passing through 3, the light passes through the color filter 5 and the retarder 13 respectively. At this time, the light introduced into the liquid crystal layer 3 is driven by an oblique electric field generated by the reflective electrode 107 and the transparent electrode 6 having different sizes, and as a result, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 3 is reduced. Accordingly, the transmission (bright state) and absorption ( ⁇ state) of the polarizing plate 11 and the brightness between them are controlled.
- a color liquid crystal device capable of switching and displaying between a reflective display and a transmissive display without double reflection or blurring of display can be realized.
- the transparent electrode 6 for generating the oblique electric field Specific examples of the configuration of the reflective electrode 107 are shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 15 shows a configuration example when the present invention is applied to a TFD active matrix liquid crystal device.
- a scanning line 202 is formed on the inner surface of the lower substrate, and a TFD element 203 and a reflective electrode 204 are formed corresponding to each dot.
- a transparent electrode 201 is formed as a data line.
- the transparent electrode 201 is a reflective electrode in each pixel.
- the area is larger than 204, and it is also formed in the opposing area where the reflective electrode 204 is not formed. Therefore, when the liquid crystal driving voltage is applied, the gap between the reflective electrode 204 and the transparent electrode 201 due to the potential difference between the reflective electrode 204 and the gap 205 where the reflective electrode 204 is not formed (the edge of the reflective electrode 204) is oblique. An electric field is generated. The liquid crystal near the reflective electrode 204 is driven by the oblique electric field, and a transmissive display can be performed.
- FIG. 16 shows a configuration example when the present invention is applied to a simple (passive) matrix type liquid crystal device.
- a reflective electrode 302 as a data line is formed on the inner surface of the lower substrate.
- a plurality of transparent electrodes 301 as scanning lines are formed in a stripe shape. The gap between the reflective electrode 302 and the transparent electrode (scan line) 301 formed on the upper substrate
- FIG. 17 shows a configuration example when the present invention is applied to a TFT active matrix liquid crystal device.
- a gate line 403 and a signal line 402 are formed on the inner surface of the lower substrate, and a TFT element 404 and a reflective electrode 405 are formed corresponding to each dot.
- a transparent electrode 401 is formed as a common electrode (counter electrode).
- the transparent electrode 401 has a larger area than the reflective electrode 405 for each pixel, and the transparent electrode 405 is It is also formed in the opposing region that is not formed. Therefore, the reflective electrode 405 and the transparent electrode
- a gap portion where no reflective electrode is formed due to the potential difference of 401 An oblique electric field is generated at 6 (the edge portion of the reflective electrode 405).
- the liquid crystal near the reflective electrode 405 is driven by this oblique electric field, and a transmissive display is possible.
- an opening 603 is provided in the reflective electrode 602, and the transparent electrode 603 is also provided in a region opposed to the opening 603.
- One may be formed. Even with this configuration, when a potential difference occurs between the reflective electrode 602 and the transparent electrode 601, a diagonal electric field is generated in the opening 603, and the liquid crystal in the opening 603 is generated by the diagonal electric field. , And a transmission type display becomes possible.
- a scattering plate may be provided, or the reflective electrode may be made uneven. Further, when driven in the normally-black mode, the black matrix layer 5a may not be provided.
- the longitudinal direction of the reflective electrode 204 (Y direction in FIG. 15) and the above-described substrate
- the angle formed by the orientation direction 206 of the liquid crystal molecules at the center is defined as ⁇ .
- ⁇ In the range of 90 ° ⁇ (60 ° and 60 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 °), display defects (discretion) due to re-still domains occur, resulting in a bright, high-quality transmissive type. Can't get indication. This is because the tilt direction appears because the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the central portion between the substrates and the longitudinal direction of the reflective electrode are almost perpendicular to each other. In this range, since display defects occur, the threshold voltage during liquid crystal drive is P TJP 1 goes up.
- the contrast of the reflection type display when the angle ⁇ defined as described above is changed that is, the ratio of the reflectance in white display to the reflectance in black display
- the transmission type display show the contrast (that is, the ratio of the transmittance in white display to the transmittance in black display).
- the liquid crystal mode is left-handed at 255 degrees.
- the contrast required for high-quality image display using reflective display is 10 or higher, and the contrast required for high-quality image display using transmissive display is obtained. To obtain 5 or more, one condition is 60 ° ⁇ 0 ⁇ 60 °.
- the longitudinal direction of the reflective electrode 302 (Y direction in FIG. 16) and the liquid crystal molecules in the central portion between the substrates described above.
- the angle formed by the orientation direction 304 is defined as ⁇ . — 90 ° ⁇ ⁇ -60 ° and 60 ° ⁇ 90.
- display defects due to the reverse tilt domain occur, and it is not possible to obtain a bright, high-quality transmissive display. This is because the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the central portion between the substrates and the longitudinal direction of the reflective electrode are almost orthogonal to each other, so that a tilt domain appears. Also, in this range, a display defect occurs, and the threshold voltage when driving the liquid crystal rises.
- the longitudinal direction of the reflective electrode 405 (Y direction in FIG. 17) and the liquid crystal molecules in the central portion between the substrates described above.
- the angle formed by the orientation direction 407 is defined as ⁇ . — In the range of 90 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ —60 ° and 60 ° ⁇ 0 ⁇ 90 °, display defects (discrimination) due to the reverse tilt domain occur, resulting in a bright, high-quality transmissive type. Can't get indication. This is because the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules at the center between the substrates and the longitudinal direction of the reflective electrode are almost orthogonal to each other, so that a tilt domain appears. In addition, in this range, a display defect occurs, and the threshold voltage when driving the liquid crystal increases.
- the effect of the present invention described in the ninth embodiment can be further ensured by defining the liquid crystal molecule orientation direction 506 near the substrate 502 in FIG. Specifically, when the angle between the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction 207 near the lower substrate (TFD substrate) in FIG. 15 and the longitudinal direction of the reflective electrode 204 is defined as ⁇ , 130 ° ⁇ ⁇ 30 ° is a desirable range. The reason for this is that in the range other than ⁇ 30 ° ⁇ 30 °, the liquid crystal molecules at the substrate interface reverse tilt due to the oblique electric field, and display defects occur.
- the table of FIG. 20 shows the contrast of the reflective display when the angle ⁇ ⁇ defined as above is changed (that is, the white table with respect to the reflectivity in the black display).
- the contrast of the transmissive display that is, the ratio of the transmissivity in white display to the transmissivity in black display.
- the liquid crystal mode is a 70 degree left twist.
- the contrast required for high-quality image display by reflective display is at least 10 and the contrast required for high-quality image display by transmissive display is 5 In order to obtain the above, it is necessary that-30 ° ⁇ 30 °.
- the angles ⁇ between the liquid crystal molecule orientation directions 305 and 408 near the lower substrate in FIGS. 16 and 17 and the longitudinal direction of the reflective electrodes 302 and 405 are, respectively, ⁇ — 30 ° or more and 30 ° or less. It is possible to eliminate display defects such as disclination caused by domains. As a result, the threshold voltage when driving the liquid crystal can be reduced, and the power consumption of the liquid crystal device can be reduced. In particular, the effect described above is maximized in the range of ⁇ 10 ° ⁇ 10 °.
- a scattering plate may be provided, or the reflecting electrode may be made uneven. Further, when driven in the normally-black mode, the black matrix layer 5a may not be provided.
- a tenth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the tenth embodiment is an embodiment of a TFD active matrix liquid crystal device to which the present invention is suitably applied.
- FIG. 2 la is a plan view schematically showing a TFD driving element together with a pixel electrode and the like
- FIG. 21 b is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 21 a.
- each layer and each member can be recognized on the drawing. In order to obtain the size, the scale is different for each layer and each member.
- the TFD driving element 40 is formed on the insulating film 41 formed on the transparent substrate 2 as a base, and is formed from the insulating film 41 side. It is composed of a first metal film 42, an insulating layer 44 and a second metal film 46 in this order, and has a TFD structure (Thin Film Diode) or a MIM structure (Metal Insulator Metal structure).
- the first metal film 42 of the TFD drive element 40 is connected to the scanning line 61 formed on the transparent substrate 2, and the second metal film 46 is another example of the reflection electrode. It is connected to a pixel electrode 62 made of a certain conductive reflection film. Note that, instead of the scanning line 61, a data line (to be described later) may be formed on the transparent substrate 2, connected to the pixel electrode 62, and the scanning line 61 may be provided on the counter substrate side.
- the transparent substrate 2 is made of, for example, an insulating and transparent substrate such as glass or plastic.
- the insulating film 41 serving as a base is made of, for example, tan oxide.
- the insulating film 41 does not peel off the first metal film 42 from the base and does not diffuse impurities from the base into the first metal film 42 due to the heat treatment performed after the deposition of the second metal film 46. It is formed with the main purpose of doing so. Therefore, if the transparent substrate 2 is made of a substrate having excellent heat resistance and purity, such as a quartz substrate, etc., and the separation and diffusion of impurities do not pose a problem, the insulating film 41 is omitted. can do.
- the first metal film 42 is made of a conductive metal thin film, for example, tantalum alone or a tantalum alloy.
- the insulating film 44 is, for example, an oxide film formed by anodic oxidation on the surface of the first metal film 42 in a chemical conversion solution.
- the second metal film 46 is made of a conductive metal thin film, for example, chromium alone or chromium alloy.
- the pixel electrode 62 is provided with a light-transmitting region such as a rectangular or square slit or a fine aperture as in each of the above-described embodiments, or faces each pixel. It is formed smaller than the transparent electrode on the substrate so that light can be transmitted through the gap. Further, a transparent insulating film 29 is provided on the side facing the liquid crystal (upper surface in the figure) of the pixel electrode 62, the TFD driving element 40, the scanning line 61, and the like. An alignment film 19 made of an organic thin film such as a metal thin film and subjected to a predetermined alignment treatment such as a rubbing treatment is provided.
- TFD drive elements as two-terminal type nonlinear elements.
- a two-terminal type nonlinear element having bidirectional diode characteristics can be applied to the reflection type liquid crystal device of this embodiment.
- FIGS. 22 and 23 are shown in FIGS. 22 and 23.
- FIG. 22 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing a liquid crystal element together with a drive circuit
- FIG. 23 is a partially cutaway perspective view schematically showing the liquid crystal element.
- a plurality of scanning lines 61 arranged on a transparent substrate 2 are composed of a Y driver circuit 100 which forms an example of a scanning line driving circuit.
- the plurality of data lines 60 arranged on the opposite substrate are connected to an X driver circuit 110 which is an example of a data line driving circuit.
- the Y driver circuit 100 and the X driver circuit 110 may be formed on the transparent substrate 2 or its opposing substrate. In this case, the transflective liquid crystal with a built-in driving circuit is used. Device.
- the Y driver circuit 100 and the X driver circuit 110 are composed of external ICs independent of the transflective liquid crystal device, and are connected to the scanning lines 61 and the data lines 60 via predetermined wiring.
- the transflective liquid crystal device does not include a driving circuit.
- the scanning line 60 is connected to one terminal of the TFD driving element 40 (see FIGS. 21a and 21b).
- the TFD driving element 40 in the pixel area is turned on, and the pixel is turned on via the TFD driving element 40.
- a drive voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 3 between the electrode 62 and the data line 60.
- reflection type display is performed by reflecting external light from the pixel electrode 62, and in a dark place, a light source from a backlight is transmitted through a slit of the pixel electrode 62, etc.
- Transparent display is performed.
- the transflective liquid crystal device includes a transparent substrate 2 and a transparent substrate (counter substrate) 1 disposed opposite to the transparent substrate.
- the transparent substrate 1 is made of, for example, a glass substrate.
- Pixel electrodes 62 are provided in a matrix on the transparent substrate 2, and each pixel electrode 62 is connected to a scanning line 61.
- the transparent substrate 1 is provided with a plurality of data lines 60 as transparent electrodes that extend in a direction intersecting the scanning lines 61 and are arranged in a strip shape.
- the data line 60 is made of a transparent conductive thin film such as an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) film.
- an alignment film 9 made of an organic thin film such as a polyimide thin film and subjected to a predetermined alignment process such as a rubbing process is provided below the data lines 60.
- the transparent substrate 1 is provided with a color filter (not shown) made of a color material film arranged in a stripe shape, a mosaic shape, a triangle shape, or the like, depending on its use.
- the reflective display and the transmissive display without double reflection or display bleeding are provided.
- a liquid crystal device capable of switching and displaying an image can be realized.
- the transflective liquid crystal device can be driven in a normally black mode by controlling the voltages in the X and Y driver circuits 110 and 100 which constitute an example of the driving means.
- FIG. 24 shows an equivalent circuit of various elements, wiring, etc. in a plurality of pixels formed in a matrix forming an image display area of the liquid crystal device.
- FIG. 25 shows data lines, scanning lines, pixel electrodes, etc. 26 is a plan view of a plurality of pixel groups adjacent to each other on the transparent substrate.
- FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C 'of FIG. In FIG. 26, the scale is different for each layer and each member so that each layer and each member have a size that can be recognized on the drawing.
- a TFT 130 for controlling a pixel electrode 62 which is another example of a reflective electrode arranged in a matrix is provided in a matrix.
- the data line 135 to which the image signal is supplied is electrically connected to the source of the TFT 130.
- the image signals S l, S 2,..., S n may be supplied line-sequentially in this order, or may be supplied to a plurality of adjacent data lines 135. It may be provided for each group.
- the scanning line 13 1 is electrically connected to the gate of the TFT 130, and the scanning signals G 1, G 2,... Are pulsed to the scanning line 131 at a predetermined timing.
- the Gm is configured to be applied line-sequentially in this order.
- the pixel electrode 62 is electrically connected to the drain of the TFT 130, and by closing the switch of the TFT 130, which is a switching element, for a certain period, the image signal supplied from the data line 135 Write S1, S2,..., Sn at a predetermined timing.
- the image signals S 1, S 2,..., Sn of a predetermined level written to the liquid crystal via the pixel electrode 62 are transmitted between the counter electrode (described later) formed on the counter substrate (described later). For a certain period.
- a storage capacitor 170 is added in parallel with the liquid crystal capacity formed between the pixel electrode 62 and the counter electrode.
- a pixel electrode 62 (a contour 62 a is shown by a dotted line in the figure) made of a reflective film in a lithographic manner is provided.
- the pixel electrode 62 extends along the vertical and horizontal boundaries of the pixel electrode 62.
- a scanning line 13 1 and a capacitance line 13 2 are provided.
- the data line 135 is electrically connected to the source region of the semiconductor layer 81a made of a polysilicon film or the like via the contact hole 85.
- the pixel electrode 62 is electrically connected to a drain region of the semiconductor layer 81a via a contact hole 88.
- the capacitance line 132 is opposed to the first storage capacitance electrode extending from the drain region of the semiconductor layer la via the insulating film, and forms a storage capacitance 170.
- a scanning line 13 1 is arranged so as to face a channel region 8 1 a ′ of the semiconductor layer 81 a which is indicated by a shaded region rising to the right in the figure, and the scanning line 13 1 is a gate electrode. It works as In this way, at the intersections of the scanning lines 13 1 and the data lines 135, the TFTs 13 1 1 3 with the scanning lines 13 1 facing each other as gate electrodes are arranged in the channel regions 81 a 5 respectively. 0 is provided.
- the liquid crystal device includes a transparent substrate 2 and a transparent substrate (opposite substrate) 1 arranged to face the transparent substrate.
- Each of these transparent substrates 1 and 2 is made of, for example, an insulating and transparent substrate such as quartz, glass, or plastic.
- the pixel electrode 62 is provided with a light-transmitting region such as a rectangular or square slit or a fine aperture as in each of the above-described embodiments, or faces each pixel. It is formed smaller than the transparent electrode on the substrate so that light can be transmitted through the gap.
- a transparent insulating film 29 is provided on the side facing the liquid crystal, such as the pixel electrode 62 and the TFT 130 (the upper surface in the figure), on which an organic film such as a polyimide thin film is formed.
- An alignment film 19 made of a thin film and subjected to a predetermined alignment process such as a rubbing process is provided.
- the transparent substrate 1 is provided with a counter electrode 121 as another example of a transparent electrode on almost the entire surface thereof.
- a second light-shielding film 122 called a disk or a black matrix is provided.
- An alignment film 9 made of an organic thin film such as a polyimide thin film and subjected to a predetermined alignment process such as a rubbing process is provided below the counter electrode 121.
- the transparent substrate 1 is provided with a color filter (not shown) composed of color material films arranged in a stripe shape, a mosaic shape, a triangle shape, or the like, depending on its use.
- the transparent substrate 2 is provided with a pixel switching TFT 130 for controlling the switching of each pixel electrode 62 at a position adjacent to each pixel electrode 62.
- a sealing material is used as in the case of the first embodiment. Liquid crystal is sealed in the enclosed space, and the liquid crystal layer 3 is formed.
- a first interlayer insulating film 112 is provided below the plurality of TFTs 30 for pixel switching.
- the first interlayer insulating film 112 is formed on the entire surface of the transparent substrate 2 to function as a base film for TFT 30 for pixel switching.
- the first interlayer insulating film 112 is made of, for example, a highly insulating glass such as NSG (non-doped silicate glass), PSG (phosphorous silicate glass), BSG (boron silicate glass), BPSG (boron phosphorous silicate glass), or an oxide. It consists of a silicon film, a silicon nitride film and the like.
- the TFT 130 for pixel switching includes a source region connected to the data line 135 via a contact hole 85, and a scanning line 131 connected via a gate insulating film. It is configured to include a channel region 8 la ′ opposed to the drain region and a drain region connected to the pixel electrode 62 via a connection hole 88.
- the data line 131 is formed of a light-shielding and conductive thin film such as a low-resistance metal film such as A1 or an alloy film such as a metal silicide.
- contact holes 85 and 88 are opened above it.
- a second interlayer insulating film 114 is formed thereon, and a third interlayer insulating film 117 having a contact hole 88 formed thereon is further formed thereon.
- the second and third interlayer insulating films 114 and 117 also have a high insulating glass such as NSG, PSG, BSG, BPSG or the like, or a silicon oxide film. , Made of a silicon nitride film or the like.
- the TFT 130 for pixel switching may be a TFT having any structure such as an LDD structure, an offset structure, and a self-aligned structure. Further, in addition to the single gate structure, the TFT 130 may be constituted by a dual gate or triple gate or more.
- each pixel electrode 6 2 is located between the pixel electrode 62 and the counter electrode 121.
- the alignment state of each liquid crystal portion can be controlled, and in a bright place, the pixel electrode 62 reflects external light to perform a reflective display, and in a dark place, a backlight is provided.
- the transmission type display is performed by transmitting the light source light from the slit through the slit or the like of the pixel electrode 62.
- FIG. 27 is a characteristic diagram showing the transmittance of each colored layer of the color filter 5.
- the incident light once passes through one of the coloring layers of the color filter 5 and then passes through the liquid crystal layer 3 to form the reflective electrode 7, 17, or 17. ', And are transmitted again through the colored layer before being emitted. Therefore, Unlike a normal transmissive liquid crystal device, the light passes through the color filter twice, so that the display becomes dark and the contrast deteriorates in the normal color filter. Therefore, in each embodiment, as shown in FIG.
- the minimum transmittance 61 in the visible region of each of the R, G, and B colored layers of the color filter 5 is 25 to 50%. As described above. Lightening of the colored layer is achieved by reducing the thickness of the colored layer or decreasing the concentration of the pigment or dye mixed in the colored layer. Thus, it is possible to configure so as not to lower the brightness of the display when performing the reflective display.
- the lightening of the color filter 5 results in lightening of the display because the light is transmitted only once through the color filter 5 in the case of transmissive display. Since it is often obstructed, it is rather convenient in securing the brightness of the display.
- the 12th embodiment is an embodiment of an electronic device provided with any one of the first to 11th embodiments described above. That is, the 12th embodiment uses various types of liquid crystal devices suitably used as the display unit of a portable device requiring low power consumption in various environments under the various environments.
- FIG. 28 shows three examples of the electronic device of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 (a) shows a mobile phone, in which a display unit 72 is provided at an upper front part of a main body 71.
- Mobile phones are used in all environments, both indoors and outdoors. It is often used especially in cars, but the interior of cars at night is very dark. Therefore, as a display device used for a mobile phone, a transflective liquid crystal device capable of performing a transmissive display using auxiliary light as necessary, with a main focus on a reflective display with low power consumption, is desirable. If the liquid crystal device described in the first to eleventh embodiments is used as the display unit 72 of the mobile phone, the mobile phone is brighter than the conventional one and has a higher contrast ratio in both the reflective display and the transmissive display. Got It is.
- FIG. 28 (b) shows a watch, in which a display section 74 is provided at the center 73 of the main body.
- a display section 74 is provided at the center 73 of the main body.
- An important aspect in watch applications is luxury.
- the liquid crystal described in the first embodiment to the 14th embodiment of the present invention is used as a display portion 74 of a watch, not only is the brightness and contrast high, but also the characteristic change due to the wavelength of light is small. Tinting is also small. Therefore, a very high-quality color display can be obtained as compared with conventional watches.
- FIG. 28 (c) shows a portable information device, in which a display section 76 is provided on the upper side of the main body 75, and an input section 77 is provided on the lower side.
- an evening key is often provided on the front of the display unit 76.
- the display is difficult to see on a regular evening key because it has many surface reflections. Therefore, conventionally, a transmissive liquid crystal device is often used as a display even though it is portable. However, a transmissive liquid crystal device always uses a backlight and therefore consumes large power and has a short battery life.
- the liquid crystal device according to the first to eleventh embodiments is used as the display unit 76 of the portable information device, the display can be performed in the reflective type, the transflective type, and the transmissive type. A bright and vivid portable information device can be obtained.
- liquid crystal device of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be appropriately modified within the scope of the claims and the scope of the invention which can be read from the entire specification and does not contradict the invention. Is also included in the technical scope of the present invention. Industrial applicability
- the liquid crystal device according to the present invention can be used as various display devices capable of displaying a bright and high-quality image in both a dark place and a bright place, and further, a liquid crystal device constituting a display unit of various electronic devices.
- an electronic apparatus according to the present invention includes a liquid crystal television, a viewfinder type or a monitor direct-view type video tape recorder, a force navigation device, an electronic organizer, a calculator, a word processor, and the like, which are configured using such a liquid crystal device. ⁇ It can be used as a station, a mobile phone, a videophone, a POS terminal, and a touch panel.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP54024999A JP3235102B2 (ja) | 1998-02-04 | 1999-01-26 | 液晶装置及び電子機器 |
KR1019997009013A KR100728506B1 (ko) | 1998-02-04 | 1999-01-26 | 액정장치 및 전자기기 |
JP52819499A JP3324119B2 (ja) | 1998-02-04 | 1999-01-26 | 液晶装置及び電子機器 |
CNB998004510A CN1311279C (zh) | 1998-02-04 | 1999-01-26 | 液晶装置及电子设备 |
US09/402,557 US6628357B1 (en) | 1998-02-04 | 1999-01-26 | Liquid crystal device and electronic device |
EP99900683A EP0973058B1 (en) | 1998-02-04 | 1999-01-26 | Liquid crystal device and electronic device |
DE69929001T DE69929001T2 (de) | 1998-02-04 | 1999-01-26 | Flüssigkristallvorrichtung und elektronischen gerät |
US11/457,175 US20060274241A1 (en) | 1998-02-04 | 2006-07-13 | Liquid crystal device and electronic apparatus |
US11/821,881 US7535529B2 (en) | 1998-02-04 | 2007-06-26 | Liquid crystal device and electronic device having liquid crystal molecules aligned at reflective electrodes |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP10/23656 | 1998-02-04 | ||
JP2365698 | 1998-02-04 | ||
JP15762298 | 1998-06-05 | ||
JP10/157622 | 1998-06-05 |
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US09/402,557 A-371-Of-International US6628357B1 (en) | 1998-02-04 | 1999-01-26 | Liquid crystal device and electronic device |
US10/368,191 Division US20040008300A1 (en) | 1998-02-04 | 2003-02-18 | Liquid crystal device and electronic device |
Publications (1)
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WO1999040479A1 true WO1999040479A1 (fr) | 1999-08-12 |
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PCT/JP1999/000311 WO1999040479A1 (fr) | 1998-02-04 | 1999-01-26 | Dispositif a cristaux liquides et dispositif electronique |
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US (4) | US6628357B1 (ja) |
EP (3) | EP0973058B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3324119B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR100755201B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1311279C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69929001T2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW451097B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999040479A1 (ja) |
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- 1999-01-26 CN CNB998004510A patent/CN1311279C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-26 EP EP99900683A patent/EP0973058B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-26 KR KR1020067012821A patent/KR100755201B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1999-01-26 JP JP52819499A patent/JP3324119B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-26 DE DE69929001T patent/DE69929001T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-26 WO PCT/JP1999/000311 patent/WO1999040479A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-01-26 KR KR1019997009013A patent/KR100728506B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1999-01-26 EP EP05075481A patent/EP1550902A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-01-26 EP EP05075482A patent/EP1550903A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-01-28 TW TW088101318A patent/TW451097B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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2003
- 2003-02-18 US US10/368,191 patent/US20040008300A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2006
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002098951A (ja) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-04-05 | Sony Corp | 半透過型液晶表示装置 |
JP4543530B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-22 | 2010-09-15 | ソニー株式会社 | 半透過型液晶表示装置の製造方法 |
US6831721B2 (en) | 2000-11-07 | 2004-12-14 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Liquid crystal display and electronic apparatus incorporating the liquid crystal display |
US7518679B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2009-04-14 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Liquid crystal display device and electronic apparatus |
JP2007506153A (ja) * | 2003-09-23 | 2007-03-15 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 半透明型lcdにおける光の再利用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0973058B1 (en) | 2005-12-21 |
KR100755201B1 (ko) | 2007-09-05 |
CN1262746A (zh) | 2000-08-09 |
US6628357B1 (en) | 2003-09-30 |
KR100728506B1 (ko) | 2007-06-15 |
EP1550903A2 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
DE69929001D1 (de) | 2006-01-26 |
US20040008300A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
KR20060093133A (ko) | 2006-08-23 |
US7535529B2 (en) | 2009-05-19 |
US20060274241A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
EP1550902A2 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
TW451097B (en) | 2001-08-21 |
EP0973058A1 (en) | 2000-01-19 |
US20070247575A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
EP0973058A4 (en) | 2004-07-14 |
JP3324119B2 (ja) | 2002-09-17 |
CN1311279C (zh) | 2007-04-18 |
EP1550902A3 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
KR20010005936A (ko) | 2001-01-15 |
DE69929001T2 (de) | 2006-06-22 |
EP1550903A3 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
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