WO1995016042A1 - Procede de production de l-lysine par fermentation - Google Patents
Procede de production de l-lysine par fermentation Download PDFInfo
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- WO1995016042A1 WO1995016042A1 PCT/JP1994/001994 JP9401994W WO9516042A1 WO 1995016042 A1 WO1995016042 A1 WO 1995016042A1 JP 9401994 W JP9401994 W JP 9401994W WO 9516042 A1 WO9516042 A1 WO 9516042A1
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- C12N9/0012—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7)
- C12N9/0014—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7) acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors (1.4)
- C12N9/0016—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7) acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors (1.4) with NAD or NADP as acceptor (1.4.1)
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- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
- C12P13/06—Alanine; Leucine; Isoleucine; Serine; Homoserine
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- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
- C12P13/08—Lysine; Diaminopimelic acid; Threonine; Valine
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- C12Y103/01—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-CH group of donors (1.3) with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor (1.3.1)
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- C12Y104/01016—Diaminopimelate dehydrogenase (1.4.1.16)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the microbial industry, and more particularly to a method for producing L-lysine by a fermentation method, and a DNA and a microorganism used in the production method.
- BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, when producing L-lysine by a fermentation method, a strain isolated from the natural world or an artificial mutant of the strain has been used in order to improve productivity. Many artificial mutants that produce L-lysine are known, many of which are S-2-aminoethylcystin (AEC) -resistant mutants, and belong to the genus Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, or Escherichia. belong to. Also, various techniques for increasing amino acid production, such as using a transformant using recombinant DNA (US Pat. No. 4,278,765), have been disclosed.
- AEC S-2-aminoethylcystin
- DDPS dihydrodipicolinate synthase
- the number of g of L-lysine produced per gram of sugar or the percentage thereof is calculated as 0.04 or 4%.
- a method for producing L-lysine using a Escherichia bacterium into which DDPS derived from a corynebacterium genus known to be unaffected by feedback inhibition by L-lysine has been introduced. No. 8382 (consumption factor 17 %).
- the maximum growth temperature of Corynebacterium bacteria is about 10 degrees lower than the maximum growth temperature of Escherichia bacteria, DNA encoding DDPS derived from Corynebacterium bacteria is introduced into Escherichia bacteria.
- dihydrodipicolinic acid synthase is an enzyme that synthesizes dihydrodipicolinic acid by dehydrating and condensing asparto semialdehyde and pyruvic acid, and this reaction is involved in the biosynthesis of L-lysine in aspartic acid-based amino acids. It is a branch of the system. It is known that in Aspergillus X-Richeria bacteria, it plays an important role in L-lysine biosynthesis together with aspartokinase.
- DDPS is encoded by the dapA gene in E. coli (Escherichia coli). This dapA has been cloned and its nucleotide sequence has been determined (Richaud, F. et al. J. Bacteriol., 297 (1986)).
- aspartokinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of converting aspartic acid to ⁇ -phosphoaspartic acid, and is used in the biosynthesis of aspartic acid-based amino acids. It is the main regulatory enzyme.
- E. coli AK AK I, ⁇ , ⁇
- HD homoserine dehydrogenase
- One of the complex enzymes is AK I—HDI, encoded by the thrAit gene, and the other is AKII—HDII, encoded by the metLM gene.
- AK I undergoes concerted inhibition by threonine and isoleucine and inhibition by threonine, and AKII is inhibited by methionine Receive.
- AKIII alone is a monofunctional enzyme, a product of a gene named lysC, which is known to be inhibited by L-lysine and inhibited by feed knock.
- DDPS derived from Corynebacterium bacteria is not subject to feedback inhibition by L-lysine.
- the culture temperature must be maintained. There is a problem in the point. If a mutant enzyme of DPSS or A Kill derived from Escherichia bacterium that is not subject to feedback inhibition by L-lysine can be obtained, efficient fermentative production of L-lysine can be performed using Escherichia bacterium.
- a mutant enzyme of DPSS or A Kill derived from Escherichia bacterium that is not subject to feedback inhibition by L-lysine can be obtained, efficient fermentative production of L-lysine can be performed using Escherichia bacterium.
- There is no prior literature showing the power, the 'expected power,' and the mutant enzyme of DDPS.Also, although there is a report on the mutant enzyme of AK III (Boy, E.
- the present invention has been made from the above viewpoint, and obtained DDPS and ⁇ derived from a genus Escherichia bacterium in which the feedback inhibition by L-lysine was sufficiently released, which was further improved compared to the conventional art.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing L-lysine by a fermentation method.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, succeeded in obtaining a DNA encoding DD DDS derived from Escherichia bacterium in which feedback inhibition by L-lysine was sufficiently released. did.
- the DNA encoding DDPS derived from E. coli from which feedback inhibition by L-lysine has been sufficiently released may be referred to as a mutant dapA or dapA * in this specification.
- the present inventors have also created a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia that retains aspartokinase and mutant dapA in which feedback inhibition by L-lysine has been released.
- Escherichia coli-derived athno in which feedback inhibition by L-lysine was sufficiently released.
- the DNA encoding soletokinase is herein referred to as mutant 1 ysC or Sometimes called 1 ys C *.
- the present inventors have created a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, which retains the mutant dapA and the mutant 1ySC. By culturing the bacteria belonging to the genus X-Richia in an appropriate medium, it was found that a significant amount of L-lysine could be produced and accumulated in the culture. In addition, the present inventors have further enhanced L-lysine producing ability by enhancing other genes of the L-lysine biosynthesis system of the bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia carrying the mutant dap A and the mutant 1 ysC. It has been found that it can be improved.
- the present invention relates to a DNA encoding a dihydrodipicolinate synthase derived from a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia having a mutation in which feedback inhibition by L-lysine is released.
- the mutation that releases the feedback inhibition by L-lysine includes the alanine residue at position 81 from the N-terminal to the valine residue in the amino acid sequence of dihydrodipicolinate synthase described in SEQ ID NO: 4 in the sequence listing.
- the present invention is also a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, which is transformed by introducing DNA encoding a dihydrodipicolinate synthase derived from a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia having a mutation that eliminates the feedback inhibition by L-lysine into cells.
- the mutation that releases the feedback inhibition by L-lysine is the amino acid sequence of dihydrodipicolinate synthase described in SEQ ID NO: 4 in the sequence listing, in which the alanine residue at position 81 from the N-terminus has a valine residue.
- the present invention further provides the bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, further comprising an aspartokinase from which feedback inhibition by L-lysine has been released.
- an aspartokinase from which feedback inhibition by L-lysine has been released As a method for retaining the esbartkinase from which feedback inhibition by L-lysine has been released in Escherichia bacteria, there is a method for asbestos kinase from Escherichia bacterium having a mutation in which feedback inhibition by L-lysine is released.
- II I A method of introducing DNA to be introduced into cells.
- Mutations in aspartokinase II I that release the feedback inhibition by L-lysine include the amino acid sequence of aspartokinase I II described in SEQ.
- a mutation in which the glycine residue of the above is replaced with an aspartic acid residue a mutation in which the glycine residue of the 233 is replaced with an aspartic acid residue and the glycine residue of the 408 is replaced with an aspartic acid residue, 3 Mutation in which the 4th arginine residue is replaced with a cysteine residue and 3 2 3 a glycine residue is replaced with an aspartic acid residue, 3 2 5
- substitution of a leucine residue with a phenylalanine residue Mutation, substitution of the methionine residue at position 318 with an isoleucine residue, substitution of the methionine residue at position 318 with an isoleucine residue, and substitution of the valine residue at position 349 with methionine Mutation, substitution of serine residue 345 with leucine residue
- the DNA encoding 11I may be retained on the chromosome of the bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, or may be retained on the same or different plasmids in the cell. Furthermore, one of the DNAs may be retained on the chromosome and the other DNA may be retained on the plasmid.
- the present invention also provides the bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, wherein the dihydrodipicolinate reductase gene is further enhanced. Enhancement of the dihydrodipicolinate reductase gene is achieved by transforming the dihydrodipicolinate reductase gene with a recombinant DNA linked to an autonomously replicable vector in Escherichia bacteria cells. Can be performed.
- the present invention further relates to the bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, wherein a diaminopimelate dehydrogenase gene derived from a coryneform bacterium such as Brevibacterium lactofermentum is introduced.
- a diaminopimelate dehydrogenase gene derived from a coryneform bacterium such as Brevibacterium lactofermentum is introduced.
- Introduction of the enhanced diaminopimelate dehydrogenase gene derived from a coryneform bacterium into a genus Escherichia bacterium is performed by transforming the gene with a recombinant DNA ligated to a vector capable of autonomously replicating in a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia. It can be done by doing.
- coryneform bacterium examples include a bacterium belonging to the genus Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium, which is a wild-type strain having a glutamic acid-producing ability and other mutant strains having the ability to produce an amino acid. More specifically, in addition to Brevipacterium and Lactofamentum, there may be mentioned Brevibacterium. Furanokum, Brevinokterium 'Divalikatam', Corynebacterium glutamicum, Corynenocterium relium and the like.
- the present invention is also a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, in which the succinildiaminopimelate transaminase gene and the succinildiaminopimelate deacylase gene are enhanced in place of the diaminopimelate dehydrogenase gene. Enhancement of these genes is achieved by transforming them with a single recombinant DNA or two recombinant DNAs linked to the same or different vectors capable of autonomous replication in Escherichia bacteria cells. It can be carried out.
- the present invention also provides a method for culturing any of the above-mentioned bacteria belonging to the genus Escherichia in a suitable medium, producing and accumulating L-lysine in the culture, and collecting L-lysine from the culture.
- DNA encoding DDPS or AKIII, or DNA containing a promoter in these DNAs may be referred to as “DDPS gene” or ⁇ gene.
- DDPS gene DNA encoding DDPS or AKIII, or DNA containing a promoter in these DNAs
- DDPS gene DNA encoding DDPS or AKIII, or DNA containing a promoter in these DNAs
- a mutant enzyme from which feedback inhibition by L-lysine has been released is sometimes simply referred to as “mutant enzyme”, and DNA encoding the same or DNA containing a promoter is sometimes referred to as “mutant gene”.
- the feedback inhibition by L-lysine is released means that the inhibition only needs to be substantially released, and it is not necessary that the feedback be completely released.
- the DNA encoding the mutant DDPS of the present invention is a DNA encoding a wild-type DDPS that has a mutation in which feedback inhibition of L-lysine of the encoded DDPS is released.
- DDPS include those derived from bacteria belonging to the genus Escherichia, particularly DDPS derived from E. coli.
- the mutation that releases the feedback inhibition by DDPS0L-U gin includes, from the N-terminal of DDP S in the amino acid sequence of DDP S described in SEQ ID NO: 4 in the sequence listing.
- the DNA encoding wild-type DDP S is not particularly limited as long as it encodes a DDPS derived from a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, but specifically encodes the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.
- DNA and more specifically, among the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, a sequence represented by nucleotide numbers 272 to 1147 is exemplified. In these sequences, those having a mutation in the base sequence that causes the substitution of the amino acid residue are DNAs encoding the mutant DDPS of the present invention.
- the type of the codon corresponding to the substituted amino acid residue is not particularly limited as long as it encodes the amino acid residue.
- the sequence of the retained DDPS may differ slightly depending on the type of strain ⁇ , but substitution of an amino acid residue at position I or position that is not involved in the activity of such an enzyme.
- the deletion L which has an insertion, is also included in the mutant DDPS gene of the present invention.
- the method for obtaining such a mutant gene is as follows. First, DNA containing the wild-type DDPS gene or the DDPS gene having another mutation is subjected to in vitro mutation treatment, and the mutated DNA is ligated to a vector DNA compatible with the host to recombine. Obtain DNA. A transformant is obtained by introducing the recombinant DNA into a host microorganism, If one of the transformants that led to the expression of mutant DDPS is selected, the transformant will retain the mutant gene.
- a DNA containing a wild-type DDPS gene or a DDPS gene having another mutation is ligated to a vector suitable for the host to obtain a recombinant DNA, and then the recombinant DNA is subjected to in vitro mutation treatment.
- the transformant even if a transformant is obtained by introducing the recombinant DNA after the mutagenesis treatment into a host microorganism, and a transformant that has become capable of expressing the mutant DDPS is selected from the transformants, the transformant will It has a mutant gene.
- a mutant gene may be obtained from the mutant.
- a transformant into which a recombinant DNA linked to a wild-type gene has been introduced is subjected to mutation treatment to create a mutant that produces a mutant enzyme, and then the recombinant DNA is recovered from the mutant.
- a mutant gene is created on the DNA.
- Examples of the drug for in vitro mutagenizing DNA include hydroxylamine. Hydroxyl ⁇ Min, cytosine N 4 - is a chemical mutation treatment agent which causes mutation from cytosine to thymine by may strange hydroxy cytosine.
- a UV-irradiation or a mutation agent commonly used for artificial mutation such as N-methyl- ⁇ '-nitro- ⁇ -nitrosogazine (NTG) or nitrite is used. Is performed.
- any kind of microorganism that belongs to the genus Escherichia may be used as a donor of the DNA containing the DDPS gene having another mutation in the wild-type DDPS gene.
- those described in the books of Neidhardt et al. Neidhardt, F. G et. Al., Escherichia coii and Salmonella Typhimurium, American Society of Microbiology, Washington DC, 1208, table 1 can be used.
- E. coli JM109 strain and MC1061 strain can be mentioned.
- a wild strain is used as a donor strain of DM containing the DDPS gene, a DNA containing a wild-type DDPS gene can be obtained.
- wild type A culture is obtained by culturing E. coli having dapA of, for example, MC1061 strain.
- the above microorganisms may be cultured by a usual solid culture method, but it is preferable to employ a liquid culture method in consideration of the efficiency at the time of collection.
- the culture medium may include, for example, one or more nitrogen sources such as yeast extract, peptone, meat extract, corn steep liquor or soybean or wheat leachate, and the like, monobasic potassium phosphate, dibasic potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, One or more inorganic salts such as sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate or manganese sulfate are added, and if necessary, saccharide raw materials, vitamins and the like are appropriately added. It is appropriate to adjust the initial pH of the medium to 6 to 8.
- the culture is carried out for 30 to 42, preferably 37 to 4 to 24 hours by submerged aeration and stirring, shaking culture, or stationary culture.
- the culture thus obtained is centrifuged at, for example, 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain cells of E. coli MC1061 strain. From these cells, methods such as the method of Saito and Miura (Biochem. Biophys. Acta., 72, 619, (1963)) and the method of KS Kirby (Biochem. J., 64, 405, (1956)) Can obtain chromosome DM.
- chromosomal DNA library is prepared.
- chromosomal DNA is partially digested with an appropriate restriction enzyme to obtain a mixture of various fragments.
- restriction enzymes can be used by adjusting the degree of cleavage by adjusting the cleavage reaction time and the like.
- Sau3AI acts on chromosomal DNA at a temperature of 30 or more, preferably 37, at an enzyme concentration of 1 to 10 units / ml for various times (1 minute to 2 hours) to digest it.
- the cut chromosomal DNA fragment is ligated to a vector DNA that can be autonomously replicated in a bacterial cell belonging to the genus Escherichia, thereby producing a recombinant DNA.
- a restriction enzyme that generates a terminal base sequence complementary to the restriction enzyme Sau3AI used to cut chromosomal DNA for example, BamHI, is used under the conditions of a temperature of 30 or more and an enzyme concentration of 1 to 100 units / ml. It is allowed to act on the vector DNA for at least an hour, preferably for 1 to 3 hours, to completely digest the vector DNA and to cleave it.
- the chromosomal DNA fragment mixture obtained as described above is mixed with the cleaved and cleaved vector DNA, and DNA ligase, preferably T4 DNA ligase, is mixed with the mixture at a temperature of 4 to I6 and an enzyme concentration of 1 to 4. : Reacting DNA for 1 hour or more, preferably 6 to 24 hours under the condition of I00 unit Zml to obtain recombinant DNA. Using the obtained recombinant DNA, a microorganism of the genus Escherichia, such as E.
- chromosomal DNA library is prepared by transforming DDPS-deficient mutant strains such as proA3, lac-3, tsx-76). This transformation can be carried out by the method of DMMorrison (Methods in Enzymology 68, 326 (1979)) or by increasing the permeability of DNA by treating recipient cells with chlorosyl chloride (Mandel. M. and Higa, A., J. Mol. Biol., 53, 159 (1970)).
- the JE7627 strain is available from the National Institute of Genetics (Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan).
- a strain having a recombinant DNA of the DDPS gene from a strain having an increased DDPS activity or a strain having complemented auxotrophy due to the deletion of the DDPS gene.
- a DDPS-deficient mutant is auxotrophic for diaminopimelic acid
- a strain capable of growing on a medium that does not contain diaminopimelic acid is isolated, and the strain is isolated.
- a candidate strain with a recombinant DNA containing the DDPS gene actually retains the recombinant DNA from which the DDPS gene was cloned
- prepare a cell extract from the candidate strain This can be achieved by preparing a crude enzyme solution and confirming that the DDPS activity has increased.
- the enzyme activity of DDPS can be measured by the method of Yu gari et al. (Yugari, Y. and Gilvarg, C., J. Biol. Chem., 240, 4710 (1962)).
- the recombinant DNA in which the DNA containing the DDPS gene was inserted into the vector DNA was used, for example, by the method of P. Guerry et al. (J. Bacteriol., 116, 1064, (1973)), DB Clewell It can be isolated by a method (J. Bacteriol., 110, 667, (1972)).
- a chromosome DNA was prepared from a strain having the DDPS gene on the chromosome by the method of Saito, Miura, etc., and the polymerase chain reaction was used.
- CR polymerase chain reaction; White, TJ et al According to Trends Genet., 5,185 (1989)), it is also performed by amplifying the DDPS gene. I can.
- the DNA primer used for the amplification reaction a primer complementary to both 3 ′ ends of the DNA double-stranded chain containing the entire region or a partial region of the DDPS gene is used.
- the DNA fragment containing the entire region from a chromosomal DNA library When only a partial region of the DDPS gene is amplified, it is necessary to use the DNA fragment as a primer to screen a DNA fragment containing the entire region from a chromosomal DNA library.
- the PCR reaction solution containing the DNA fragment containing the amplified DDPS gene is subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and then the target DNA fragment is extracted. The DNA fragment containing the gene can be recovered.
- the DNA primer may be appropriately prepared based on, for example, a sequence known in E. coli (Richaud, F. et al., J. Bacteriol., 297 (1986)).
- a primer capable of amplifying a region consisting of 1150 bases encoding the DDPS gene is preferable, and two types of primers shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2 are suitable.
- the primer DNA is synthesized by a conventional method such as the phosphoramidite method (see Tetrahedron Letters, 22, 1859 (1981)) using a commercially available DNA synthesizer (eg, a DNA synthesizer model 380B manufactured by Applied Biosystems).
- PCR was performed using a commercially available PCR reactor (Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd. DNA Thermal Cycler PJ2000, etc.) and TaqDM Polymerase (supplied by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.). Can be performed according to the method specified by the supplier.
- the DDPS gene amplified by the PCR method is connected to an autonomously replicable vector DNA in Escherichia bacterium cells, and is introduced into Escherichia bacterium cells to introduce mutations into the DDPS gene.
- the operation such as becomes difficult.
- the vector DNA used, the transformation method, and the method for confirming the presence of the DDPS gene are the same as those described above.
- Methods for performing mutations such as amino acid residue substitution, insertion and deletion in the DDPS gene obtained as described above include recombinant PCR (Higuchi, R., 61, in PCR Technology (Erlich , HA Eds., Stockton press (1989))), Site-directed mutagenesis (Kramer, W. and Frits, HJ, Meth. In Enzvmol., 154, 350 (1987)); Kunk el, TA et. al., Meth. in Enzymol., 154, 367 (1987)). Using these methods, the desired mutation can be made at the target site.
- a mutation at a target site or a random mutation can be introduced.
- a recombinant DNA consisting of a DNA fragment containing the DDPS gene and a vector DNA is directly mutated with hydroxylamine or the like, and thus, for example, the E. coli W3110 strain is used. Is transformed. Next, the transformant is cultured in a minimal medium, such as M9, containing S-2-aminoethylcysteine (AEC), an analog of L-lysine. Strains harboring recombinant DNA containing the wild-type DDPS gene cannot synthesize L-lysine and diaminopimelic acid (DAP) because DDEC expressed by the recombinant DNA is inhibited by AEC.
- a minimal medium such as M9
- AEC S-2-aminoethylcysteine
- DAP diaminopimelic acid
- strains containing a recombinant DNA containing the DDPS gene de-inhibited by L-lysine are not affected by AEC because the mutant enzyme encoded by the DDPS gene in the recombinant DNA is not affected by AEC. It should be possible to grow on minimal medium supplemented with AEC. Utilizing this phenomenon, select strains whose growth is resistant to AEC, an analog of L-lysine, that is, strains that retain recombinant DNA containing a mutant DDPS gene whose inhibition has been released. be able to.
- the host is preferably a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia, and examples include Escherichia coli (E. coli).
- the mutant DDP S gene fragment is extracted from the recombinant DNA and transferred to another vector.
- the one inserted in DNA may be used.
- the vector DNA that can be used in the present invention is preferably a plasmid vector DNA, for example, pUC19, pUC18, pBR322, pHSG299, pHSG298, pHSG399, pHSG398, RSF1010, pMW119, pMW118, pMW219, pMW218. And the like. Other phage DNA vectors can also be used.
- mutant DDPS gene in order to efficiently carry out the expression of the mutant DDPS gene, other promoters such as lac, trp, and PL that work in microorganisms are linked upstream of the DNA sequence encoding the mutant DDPS.
- the promoter contained in the DDPS gene may be used as it is or after amplification.
- a mutant gene inserted into a vector DNA capable of autonomous replication may be introduced into a host, and the host may be retained as an extrachromosomal DNA, such as plasmid, Type gene, transduction, transposon (Berg, DE and Berg, CM, Bio / Technol., 1, 417 (1983)), Mu phage (JP-A-2-109985) or homologous recombination (Experiments in Molecular Genetics, Cold Spring Harbor Lab. (1972)) may be incorporated into the chromosome of the host microorganism.
- the DNA encoding mutant type ⁇ used in the present invention has a mutation in DNA encoding wild-type AKIII in which the feedback inhibition of L-lysine of encoded AKIII is released.
- the mutation that releases the feedback inhibition by L-lysine in ⁇ is the amino acid sequence of AKIII shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 in the sequence listing, from the N-terminal of AKIII.
- the DNA encoding wild-type AKIII is not particularly limited, and includes a DNA encoding a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, for example, E. coli, and specifically, the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8. And the sequence represented by base numbers 584 to 193 of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7.
- the E. coli ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is encoded by the lysC gene.
- those having a change in the base sequence that causes the substitution of the amino acid residue are DNAs encoding the mutant form of the present invention.
- the type of the codon corresponding to the substituted amino acid residue is not particularly limited as long as it encodes the amino acid residue.
- the amino acid sequence of wild-type AK II I retained may differ slightly depending on the type of strain and strain.
- the mutant AKI II gene of the present invention also has a substitution, deletion or insertion of an amino acid residue at a position not involved in the activity of such an enzyme.
- the nucleotide sequence of the wild-type lysC gene (SEQ ID NO: 7) obtained in Example 2 described later is the sequence of lysC of E.
- coli K-12 JC411 strain (Cassan, M., Parsot , C., Cohen, GN, and Patte, JC, J. Biol. Chem., 261, 1052 (1986)), and two of them differ in the encoded amino acid residues.
- LysC of the JC411 strain is represented by the amino acid sequence of lysC shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, The N-terminal 58th glycine residue is replaced by a cysteine residue, and the 401st glycine residue is replaced by an alanine residue.
- Even if lysC has the same sequence as lysC of this E. coli K-12 JC411 strain the feedback inhibition by L-lysine is released by introducing any of the mutations (a) to (ii) above. It is expected that lysC having the mutated mutation will be obtained.
- the method for obtaining DNA encoding the mutant ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ in which feedback inhibition by lysine has been released is as follows. First, the DNA containing the wild-type AKIII gene or the AKIII gene having another mutation is subjected to in vitro mutagenesis, and the mutated DNA is ligated with a vector DNA compatible with the host to recombine. Obtain DNA. The recombinant DNA is introduced into a host microorganism to obtain a transformant. If the transformant that has expressed the mutant AKIII is selected, the transformant is transformed into the mutant gene. Holding.
- a DNA containing the wild-type A Kill gene or the AKIII gene having another mutation is ligated to a vector DNA compatible with the host to obtain a recombinant DNA, and then the recombinant DNA is subjected to in vitro mutation treatment. Then, the transformant obtained after the mutation treatment is introduced into a host microorganism to obtain a transformant, and a transformant which has become capable of expressing the mutant AK11I is selected from the transformants. The transformant retains the mutant gene.
- a microorganism that produces a wild-type enzyme may be subjected to mutation treatment to create a mutant strain that produces the mutant enzyme, and then a mutant gene may be obtained from the mutant strain.
- the drug for directly mutagenizing DNA include hydroxylamine.
- Hydrate Rokishinoreamin is cytosine N 4 - is a chemical mutation treatment agent which causes mutation from cytosine to thymine by changing the hydroxy cytosine.
- ultraviolet irradiation or treatment with a mutagen that is commonly used for artificial mutation such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) is performed.
- Any kind of microorganisms belonging to the genus Escherichia may be used as a donor of the DNA containing the AK111 gene having another mutation in L of the wild-type AK111 gene.
- those described in the book by Neidhardt et al. (Neidhardt, FC et. Al., Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimuriura, American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, 1208, table 1) can be used.
- Examples include E. coli JM109 strain and MC1061 strain.
- the preparation of the chromosomal DNA, the preparation of the chromosomal DNA library, and the like may be performed in the same manner as the above-mentioned acquisition of the DDPS gene. It is preferable to use AKI, II, and III all-deficient strains, such as E. coli GT3 strain (available from E. coli Genetic Stock Center (Connecticut, USA), etc.) as a host used for library preparation.
- E. coli GT3 strain available from E. coli Genetic Stock Center (Connecticut, USA), etc.
- a strain having a recombinant DNA of the AKIII gene is obtained as a strain with increased AKIII activity or a strain with complemented auxotrophy.
- Prepare a cell extract from the candidate strain prepare a crude enzyme solution from it, and confirm AK111 activity. ⁇ can be performed by the method of Stattman et al. (Stadtman, ER, Cohen, GN, LeBras, G., and Robichon-Szulmajster, H., J. Biol. Chem., 236, 2033 (1961)).
- a completely AK-deficient mutant when used as a host, it can grow on a medium without L-lysine, L-threonine, L-methinion and diaminopimelic acid, or on a medium without homoserine and diaminopimelic acid
- a DNA fragment containing the AKIII gene can be obtained.
- AKIII gene is amplified from chromosomal DNA by the PCR method, for example, a sequence known in E. coli (Cassan, M., Parsot, C., Cohen GN, and Patte, JC, J. Biol. Chem., 261, 1052 (1986)), but a primer that can amplify a region consisting of 1347 bases encoding the lysC gene is appropriate.
- a primer that can amplify a region consisting of 1347 bases encoding the lysC gene is appropriate.
- two types of primers having the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS: 5 and 6 are suitable.
- the AKIII gene obtained as described above may be mutated such as amino acid residue substitution, insertion and deletion by the same method as the above-mentioned mutation treatment of the DDPS gene, such as recombinant PCR, site-specific mutation. There are laws.
- a mutation at a target site or a random mutation can be introduced.
- AK111 gene DNA on chromosomal or extrachromosomal recombinant DNA is directly there is a method of treating with hydroxylamine (Hashimoto, T. and Sekiguchi, M., J. Bacteriol., 159, 1039 (1984)). Also, a method of irradiating a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia carrying the gene on the chromosome or extrachromosomal recombinant DNA with ultraviolet light, or a method of treating with a chemical agent such as ⁇ -methyl-N'-nitrosguanidine or nitrous acid is used. You may.
- a recombinant DNA containing the mutated AK111 gene is transformed into a completely AK-deficient strain, for example, an E. coli GT3 strain.
- the transformed strain is cultured in a minimal medium containing a significant amount of L-lysine, for example, M9.
- Strains harboring recombinant DNA containing the wild-type AK111 gene are identified as L-threonine, L-isoleucine, L-methionine, and diaminopimelic acid (since only AK is inhibited by L-lysine). DAP) cannot be synthesized and growth is suppressed.
- a recombinant DNA-bearing strain containing a mutant AK111 gene whose L-lysine inhibition has been released should be able to grow on a minimal medium supplemented with a significant amount of L-lysine. is there.
- strains whose growth has become resistant to L-lysine or AEC which is an analog of L-lysine that is, a strain having a recombinant DNA containing a mutant AK111 gene whose inhibition has been released, can be used. You can choose.
- the thus obtained mutant gene is introduced as a recombinant DNA into a suitable microorganism (host) and expressed to obtain a microorganism having A Kill from which feedback inhibition has been released.
- a suitable microorganism host
- microorganisms belonging to the genus Escherichia are preferable, and examples include E. coli.
- a mutant AKIII gene fragment extracted from the recombinant DNA and inserted into another vector may be used.
- the vector DNA that can be used in the present invention is preferably a plasmid vector DNA, for example, pUC19, pUC18, pBR322, pHSG299, pHSG298, pHSG399, pHSG398, RSF1010, pMW119, pMWl18, pMW219, pMW218 and the like. No. Alternatively, a phage DNA vector can be used.
- another promoter such as lac, trp, or PL that works in microorganisms may be linked upstream of the DNA encoding the mutant AKIII.
- the promoter contained in the AKIII gene Alternatively, it may be amplified and used.
- a mutant gene inserted into autonomously replicable vector DNA may be introduced into a host, and may be retained in the host as extrachromosomal DNA such as plasmid.
- extrachromosomal DNA such as plasmid.
- a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia which is transformed by introducing the mutant DDPS gene obtained as described above and retains AK in which feedback inhibition by L-lysine has been released, is cultured in a suitable medium.
- L-lysine By producing and accumulating L-lysine in a product and collecting L-lysine from the culture, L-lysine can be efficiently produced. That is, L-lysine can be efficiently produced by retaining mutant DDPS and mutant ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ together in a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia.
- DNA encoding AKI II having a mutation in which feedback inhibition by L-lysine is released is integrated into chromosomal DNA and transformed.
- the AK from which feedback inhibition by L-lysine has been released may be I or wild-type AK which is not subjected to feedback inhibition by L-lysine. It may be an introduced one.
- a mutant strain of Escherichia bacterium which is capable of producing a mutant ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ by mutagenizing a bacterial cell of the genus Escherichia may be used.
- Transformation may be performed by incorporating the mutant DDPS gene into chromosomal DNA and transforming the recombinant DDPS gene with a vector DNA capable of autonomously replicating in Escherichia bacteria cells. Transformation may be achieved by introducing DNA into cells.
- both the mutant DDPS gene and the mutant AKill gene are introduced into a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, even if both the mutated genes are integrated and retained on the chromosomal DNA of the bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, And may be retained as extrachromosomal DNA on single or separate plasmids.
- different plasmids it is preferable to use brassamides each having a stable distribution mechanism such that each of them is stably retained inside the cell.
- one of the mutant genes may be integrated and retained on chromosome DNA, and the other mutant gene may be retained as extrachromosomal DNA on plasmid in the cell.
- L-lysine productivity can be further improved. Furthermore, by introducing a diaminopimelic acid dehydrogenase gene derived from a coryneform bacterium into a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia carrying the mutant AKil gene and the mutant DDPS gene and having an enhanced dihydrodipicolinate reductase gene, L-lysine productivity can be further improved. This diaminopimelate dehydrogenase gene needs to be enhanced.
- the succinildialaminopimelate transaminase gene and the succinoinoresaminopimelate deacylase gene may be enhanced to the same extent as L- Lysine productivity can be improved.
- the enhancement of a gene means enhancing the activity per cell of an enzyme which is an expression product of the gene. Specifically, for example, increasing the intracellular copy number of the gene, using a promoter with high expression efficiency to increase the expression level per gene, introducing a mutation that enhances enzyme activity into the gene, etc. Is mentioned. Fine
- the gene may be inserted into a vector capable of autonomous replication in a cell belonging to the genus Escherichia, and the vector may be used to transform a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia.
- This vector is preferably a multicopy plasmid.
- the copy number may be increased by amplifying the DNA integrated into the chromosomal DNA using Mu phage or the like.
- a plasmid is used to introduce the mutant DDPS gene and the mutant AK III gene, a stable partitioning mechanism is used so that both of these plasmids are stably retained in the cell. It is preferable to use a plasmid having The order of introduction of each gene does not matter.
- the mechanism by which L-lysine productivity can be gradually increased by sequentially enhancing L-lysine biosynthesis genes as described above will be described below.
- a biosynthesis system consisting of multiple reactions can be compared to a liquid flowing through multiple tips of different thicknesses connected in series.
- each pipe corresponds to an individual enzyme
- the thickness of the pipe corresponds to the enzyme reaction rate.
- it is effective to make the thinnest pipe thicker. The effect cannot be expected even if the thick pipe is made thicker.
- make the second thinnest pipe thicker From such a viewpoint, the present inventors have attempted to enhance the L-lysine biosynthesis system.
- the rate-limiting step of the L-lysine biosynthesis system is introduced into E. coli by introducing the L-lysine biosynthesis gene from E. coli in stages. Clarified.
- dapC tetrahydrodipicolinate succinylase gene
- dapD succinyldiaminonopimelate transaminase gene
- dapE succinyldiaminopimerate deacylase gene
- dapF due to the downstream of the biosynthesis system
- Diaminopimelate epimerase gene DDH (diaminopimelate dehydrogenase) of Brevibacterium lactofermentum, which can catalyze the reactions involving these gene products independently.
- DDH diaminopimelate dehydrogenase
- DDH diaminopimelic acid dehydrogenase (derived from Brevipa's tertiary lactofermentum)
- the ppc gene can be obtained from plasmid pS2 (Sabe, H. et al., Gene, 31, 279 (1984)) containing this gene, or pT2.
- pS2 By cutting pS2 with Aatll and Aflll, a DNA fragment having the ppc gene can be obtained.
- a DNA fragment having the ppc gene can be obtained by cutting pT2 with Smal and Seal.
- E. coli F15 strain (AJ12873) carrying PT2 was commissioned to FERM BP-4732 by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (1-3-3, Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan) Deposited under a number under the Budapest Treaty.
- the aspC gene is a plasmid containing this gene, pLF4 (Inokuchi, K. et al., ucleic Acids Res., 10, 6957 (1982)).
- pLF4 is digested with PvuII and Stul, a DNA fragment containing the aspC gene is obtained.
- the asd gene is obtained from the plasmid pAD20 (Haziza, C. et al., ⁇ ⁇ 0, 1, 379 (1982)) carrying this gene.
- pAD20 is cut with Asel and Clal, a DNA fragment having asd is obtained.
- the dapB gene is composed of two types of oligonucleotide primers (for example, based on the nucleotide sequence of a known dapB gene (Bouvier, J. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 259, 14829 (1984))). It can be obtained by amplifying E. coli chromosomal DNA by PCR using SEQ ID NOS: 9, 10).
- the DDH gene was created based on the known nucleotide sequence of the DDHil gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum (Ishino, S. et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 15, 3917 (1987)). It is obtained by amplifying the chromosomal DNA of Brevipacterium lactofermentum by PCR using the two oligonucleotide primers (for example, SEQ ID NOS: 11 and 12).
- the lysA3 ⁇ 4 gene is composed of two oligonucleotide primers (for example, based on the nucleotide sequence of a known lysAil gene (Stragier, P. et al., J. Mol. Biol., 168, 321 (1983))). It can be obtained by amplifying E. coli chromosomal DNA by the PCR method using SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14).
- the dapDit gene is composed of two oligonucleotide primers (Richaud, C. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 259, 14824 (1984)) based on the known nucleotide sequence of the dapDap gene. For example, it can be obtained by amplifying chromosomal DNA of E. coli 13110 strain by a PCR method using SEQ ID NOs: 15, 16).
- the dapE gene is composed of two oligonucleotide primers (SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18) prepared based on the nucleotide sequence of a known dapE gene (Bouvier, J. et al., J. Bacteriol., 174, 5265 (1992)). ) By amplifying E. coli DNA by PCR.
- the dapF gene is composed of two types of oligonucleotide primers (for example, SEQ ID NO: 19) prepared based on the nucleotide sequence of a known dapF gene (Richaud, C. et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 16, 10367 (1988)). , 20) by PCR. Obtained by amplifying i-chromosomal DNA.
- the bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia used as a host in the present invention includes a promoter of a mutant DDPS gene and a mutant AK111 gene, or a promoter of another L-lysine biosynthesis gene or another gene for expressing these genes in the cell. If the promoter functions, and the mutant DDPS gene, mutant AKI II gene, or other L-lysine biosynthesis gene is to be introduced as extrachromosomal DNA into the plasmid, the vector DNA used for the introduction Any replication origin can be used as long as it functions in the cell and can replicate.
- L-lysine-producing E. coli specifically, mutants having resistance to L-lysine analogs can be exemplified.
- This L-lysine analog is such that it inhibits the growth of a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, but its inhibition is such that it is totally or partially released when L-lysine coexists in the medium. Examples include oxalidine, lysine hydroxamate, AEC, 7-methyllysine, ⁇ -chlorocaprolactam, and the like.
- Mutants having resistance to these lysine analogs can be obtained by subjecting a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia to ordinary artificial mutation procedures.
- the strain used for the production of L-lysine has been deposited as Escherichia coli AJ1142 (FERM BP-1543 and NRRLB-12185). No. 185856 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,346,170).
- the feedback inhibition of L-lysine in the above-mentioned microbial asbestos kinase has been released.
- L-threonine-producing bacteria examples include L-threonine-producing bacteria. This is because L-threonine-producing bacteria also generally have their L-lysine inhibition of aspartokinase released.
- E. coli L-threonine-producing bacterium the B-3996 strain has the highest productivity among the currently known strains. B-3996 strain has been deposited with Reserch Institute ior Genetics and Industrial Microorganism Breeding under accession number RIA18667.
- the medium used for culturing the transformant having the mutant gene according to the present invention is a usual medium containing a carbon source, a nitrogen source, inorganic ions and other organic components as required.
- a carbon source use sugars such as glucose, lactose, galactose, hydrolyzate of fructose or starch, alcohols such as glycerol or sorbitol, or organic acids such as fumaric acid, citric acid or succinic acid. Can be.
- inorganic ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride or ammonium phosphate, organic nitrogen such as soybean hydrolyzate, ammonia gas, and ammonia water can be used.
- organic trace nutrients it is desirable to contain required substances such as vitamin L-isoleucine or an appropriate amount of yeast extract.
- required substances such as vitamin L-isoleucine or an appropriate amount of yeast extract.
- small amounts of potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, iron ions, manganese ions, etc. are added as necessary.
- the culture is preferably performed under aerobic conditions for 16 to 72 hours, and the culture temperature is controlled to 25 to 45, and the pH is controlled to 5 to 8 during the culture.
- inorganic or organic acidic or alkaline substances, ammonia gas, and the like can be used for pH adjustment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of pdapAl and pda P A2.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing inhibition of wild-type and mutant DDPS by L-lysine.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a production process of a plasmid pdapAS824 having a double mutant dapA ′ gene.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a process for producing pLYSCl and pLYSC2.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the appearance rate and mutation rate of transformants after treatment with hydroxylamine.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the inhibition of wild-type and mutant AKIII by L-lysine.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a process for producing RSF10P-derived plasmid RSF24P having dapA * 24.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of plasmid p LLC * 80.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a production process of a plasmid RSFD80 derived from RSF1010 having dapA * 24 and lysC * 80.
- FIG. 10 shows the structures of plasmids pdapA and pdapA * having dapA or dapA *.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the structure of plasmids plysC and plysC * having lysC or lysC * 80.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the structure of plasmid pppc having ppc.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the structure of plasmid paspC having aspC.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the structure of a plasmid pasd having asd.
- FIG. 15 shows the structure of plasmid pdapB having dapB.
- FIG. 16 shows the structure of plasmid pDDH having DM.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the structure of a plasmid plysA having lysA.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a process for producing RSF1010-derived plasmid pCABl having dapA * 24, lysC * 80 and dapB.
- Figure 19 shows plasmid pC from RSF1010 with dapA * 24, lysC * 80, dapB and DDH.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of ABD2.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the structure of plasmid pdapD having dapD.
- FIG. 21 shows the structure of plasmid pdapE having dapE.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the structure of plasmid pdapF having dapF.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a production process of a plasmid pMWdapDEl having dapD and dapE.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a production process of a plasmid pCABDEl having dapA * 24, lysC * 80, dapB, dapD and dapE.
- BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples.
- Example 1 Obtaining Mutant DDPS Gene
- the nucleotide sequence of the dapA gene of E. coli has already been reported (Richaud, F. et al., J. BacterioL, 297 (1986)), and the open reading frame (ORF) has 876 base pairs and 292 amino acids remaining. It is known to encode a basic protein. Since it is unclear how this dapA gene is regulated, a region containing only the SD sequence and 0RF, except for the promoter region, was amplified by PCR and cloned.
- Total genome DNA of E. coli K-12 MC1061 strain was recovered by the method of Saito and Miura (Biochem. Biophys. Acta., 72, 619 (1963)), and two types having the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 2 were collected.
- a primer was prepared, and a PCR reaction was carried out using these primers according to the method of Erlitsch et al. (PCR Technology, Stockton press (1989)) to amplify the target DNA.
- the obtained DNA was directly inserted into a commercially available cloning vector for PCR fragment pCR100 (purchased from Invitrogen, Calif., USA).
- pCR100 contains the lacZ promoter (Placz) and is commercially available cut at the downstream site of the lacZ promoter.
- pdapAl When connecting to a 100-meter scale, pdapAl is connected as a plasmid so that the transfer direction of dapA is in the forward direction with respect to the transfer direction by this lacZ motor, so that it is in the opposite direction. Two plasmids, pdapA2, were obtained as the linked plasmid (Fig. 1).
- the transformant obtained by the introduction was named W3110 / pdapA2.
- AEC a lysine analog
- W3110 strain into which no plasmid was introduced was also cultured in the same medium. Both the two transformants and the W3110 strain without plasmid were inhibited by AEC, but their growth inhibition was restored by the addition of L-lysine.
- a strain containing a plasmid containing dapA *, which encodes DDPS de-inhibited by L-lysine, is expected to be able to grow on minimal medium M9 supplemented with a significant amount of AEC. Decided to select a plasmid-bearing strain containing dapA 'by selecting a strain resistant to AEC.
- dapA on pdapAl and pdapA2 prepared in 1) was mutated.
- the W3110 / pdapAl strain and the W3110 / pdapA2 strain obtained above were used for M9 agar plates containing various concentrations of AEC. Cultured on medium. Then, the growth inhibitory concentration by AEC was examined, and selection conditions for a plasmid-containing strain containing dapA 'were examined.
- Table 1 shows the growth of the transformants on M9 medium containing AEC at various concentrations. In the table, + indicates that the transformed strain grew, and 1 indicates that it did not grow. table 1
- the direction of transcription of the dapA gene on pdapAl coincides with the direction of transcription by the lacZ promoter ( Figure 1). Therefore, since the expression level of the dapA gene on pdapAl was amplified by the lacZ promoter, the dapA gene on pdapA2 was resistant to fairly high concentrations of AEC even when the wild-type dapA remained, but the transcription direction of the dapAit gene on pdapA2 was lacZ promoter. The expression was low because the promoter of dapA itself was also deleted, indicating that growth was inhibited at lower concentrations of AEC (W3110 / pda P Al strain). growth in addition group of 15mM was suppressed in 30mM, W3 110 / pda P A2 shares). It was confirmed that this growth inhibition was eliminated by simultaneous addition of L-lysine.
- dapA2 was used for mutagenesis, and a minimal medium M9 supplemented with 60 mM AEC was used to select a dapA * -containing plasmid-containing strain.
- this medium is referred to as a selective medium.
- (1-2-2) In vitro mutation treatment of pdapA2 with hydroxylamine Mutation was introduced into pdapA2 plasmid using an in vitro mutation treatment method in which plasmid was directly treated with hydroxylamine.
- Mutant pdapA2 was recovered from the above 36 strains, and dapA-deficient strain JE7627 was transformed with each of them and wild-type pdapA2.A cell-free extract was prepared from each transformant, and the enzyme activity of DDPS was determined. It was measured.
- a cell-free extract (crude enzyme solution) was prepared as follows. Transformants 2 XTY culture areas (1.6% Bacto trypton, 1% Yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl) were cultured in turbidity at 660 nm (OD 66 Q) was harvested upon reaching about 0.8. The cells under the conditions of 0, and washed with 0.85% NaCl, and suspended in 20mM potassium phosphate buffer P H7.5- 400mM KC1, was disrupted by sonication (0, 200 W, 10 minutes) .
- the lysate was centrifuged at 33 krpm for 1 hour under the condition of 0, the supernatant was added to the solution, ammonium sulfate was added to 80% saturation, stored at 0 overnight, centrifuged, and the pellet was concentrated to 20 mM phosphate. It was dissolved in potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.5-400 mM KC1.
- the DDPS enzyme activity was measured by the method of Yugari et al. (Yugari, Y. and Gilvarg, CJ Biol. Chem. 240, 4710 (1962)). That is, the absorbance of the reaction solution having the following composition was measured with a spectrophotometer at 270 nm over time at 37, and the resulting dihydrodipicolinic acid was measured. Specified. As a blank, sodium pyruvate was removed from the reaction system.
- L-lysine inhibited the inhibition of the three mutant DDPSs encoded by dapA * on pdapAS8, pdapAS9, and pdapAS24 at varying degrees, but all three inhibited L-lysine.
- the specific activity of the enzyme was slightly lower than that of the wild type, both in terms of the growth of the cells and the effect of the preparation of the sample. However, it was judged that the breeding material was not practically problematic.
- the nucleotide sequence of the mutant dapA gene was determined according to a conventional method.
- pda P AS8 and pdapAS9 is a 4 8 7 th C is T
- P DapAS24 5 9 7 th C is changed to T
- the amino acid sequence of the DDPS shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 the DDPS encoded by pdapAS8 and pdapAS9 has the 8
- the DDPS revealed that the histidine residue at position 118 was changed to a tyrosine residue.
- the nucleotide sequence of the E. coli AKI II gene (lysC) has already been reported (Cassan, M., Parsot, C., Cohen, GN, and Patte, JC, J. Biol. Chem., 261, 1052). (1986)), it has been known that the open reading frame (0RF) is composed of 1347 base pairs and encodes a protein consisting of 449 amino acid residues. Since this gene has an operator and is suppressed by L-lysine, in order to remove this operator region, a region containing only the SD sequence and 0RF was amplified using the PCR method and cloned.
- the PCR reaction was performed according to Stockton press (1989)), and the lysC gene was amplified.
- the obtained DNA was digested with BamHI and Asel, blunt-ended, and inserted into a multicopy vector—Smal site of PUC18.
- This Smal site is located downstream of the lacZ promoter present in the vector, and when a recombinant DNA obtained by inserting a DNA fragment into the Smal site of pUC18 is introduced into E. coli, the lacZ promoter is regulated.
- E. coli GT3 (thrAlOl 6b, metLM1005, lysC1004), a completely AKI, II, and III deficient strain, with these plasmids complemented the requirements for homoserine and diaminopimelic acid of GT3.
- the DNA fragment inserted into the plasmid was confirmed to contain the active lysC gene encoding AKI II.
- a transformant obtained by introducing pLYSCl into an AK completely deficient strain E. coli GT3 was named GT3 / pLYSC1
- a transformant obtained by introducing pLYSC2 into E. coli GT3 was named GT3 / pLYSC2.
- a remarkable amount of L-lysine was added to the minimal medium M9, and the GT3 / PLYSC1 strain and the GT3 / PLYSC2 strain were cultured respectively.
- Both the GT3 / pLYSCl strain and the GT3 / PLYSC2 strain retain a plasmid containing wild-type lysC, and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ encoded by lysC on the same plasmid is the only AK.
- Plasmid-bearing strains containing lysC * which encodes AK that has been desensitized by L-lysine, are expected to be able to grow on minimal medium M9 supplemented with significant amounts of L-lysine. Decided to select a plasmid-bearing strain containing lysC * by selecting a strain resistant to L-lysine or AEC, an analog of L-lysine.
- the GT3 / pLYSCl strain and the GT3 / pLYSC2 strain were cultured on M9 agar plates containing various concentrations of L-lysine or AEC, respectively. Then, the growth inhibitory concentration of L-lysine or AEC was examined, and selection conditions for a plasmid-containing strain containing lysC 'were examined.
- Table 2 shows the growth of transformants on M9 medium containing L-lysine or AEC at various concentrations. In the table, + indicates that the transformed strain grew, ⁇ indicates that it grew slightly, and-indicates that it did not grow.
- Example 2 this medium is referred to as selection medium.
- DNA ⁇ was also measured by adding water 200 / U) for 1 to 4 hours under the conditions of 75. Purify the treated DNA with glass powder and introduce it into a completely defective E. coli GT3 strain, complete medium (L-broth: 1% Bacto trypton, 0.5% Yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl, 1.5% agar) To form colonies. This was replied to the selection medium set in (2-2-1), and a strain capable of growing on the selection medium was selected as a candidate strain. The appearance rate and mutation rate of the transformants showed changes as shown in Figure 5. Mutants were obtained at a considerably high rate of 0.5 to 0.8% after 4 hours of treatment.
- E. coli MC1061 E. coli MC1061, and the whole cells were subjected to NTG treatment. After treatment, the cells were cultured overnight to fix the mutation, and then plasmid was extracted and introduced into E. coli GT3. That is, the transformed strain 2 XTY medium (1.6% Bacto trypton, 1% Yeast e xtract, 0.5% NaCl) and cultured in, OD 66. The cells were collected at a pH of about 0.3, washed with TM buffer (TM buffer) shown below, and then NTG solution (prepared by dissolving NTG in TM buffer at a concentration of 0.2 mg / ml) And treated with 37 for 0-90 minutes.
- TM buffer TM buffer
- NTG solution prepared by dissolving NTG in TM buffer at a concentration of 0.2 mg / ml
- plasmid DNA is extracted from the cells, introduced into E. coli GT3 strain, and the candidate strain is screened. Leaning was performed in the same manner as in vitro mutation to obtain lysine-resistant (Lys R ) and AEC-resistant (AEC R ) mutants.
- a cell-free extract (crude enzyme solution) was prepared as follows.
- the transformed strain was cultured in 2 X TY culture areas, OD 6 6. Was collected at about 0.8. Conditions of the cells 0, 0. 02M KH 2 P0 4 (pH6. 75) -0. Washed with 03M S- mercaptoethanol, sonicated The cells were disrupted at (0, 100W, 30 seconds x4). The cell lysate was centrifuged at 33 krpm for 1 hour under the condition of 0.The supernatant was taken and ammonium sulfate was added to 80% saturation.After centrifugation, the pellet was added to 0.02M KH 2 PO 4 (pH 6. 75) -0. 03M; Dissolved in 9-mercaptoethanol and stored at 0 overnight.
- wild-type AK111 was very strongly inhibited by L-lysine, 50% inhibited at about 0.45 mM L-lysine, and almost 100% inhibited at 5 mM.
- the degree of release was variable, but the inhibition by L-lysine was released in all 14 species.
- No. 24, 80, 117, 169, 172 Showed almost no inhibition with L-lysine lOOmM, and the 50% inhibitory concentration was more than 200 times higher than that of wild type.
- the specific activity per total protein is almost equal to or higher than that of the wild type, both of which are affected by the growth condition of the cells and the preparation of the sample. None (Table 3).
- the degree of inhibition release refers to the AK activity in the presence of 100 mM L-lysine relative to the AK activity in the absence of L-lysine in the reaction solution.
- Thermal stability is the retention of activity after 1.5 hours at 55.
- thermostability of a type enzyme to improve a certain enzyme and increase its activity. In this case, it is important that the enzyme to be created is stably retained in the cell. Due to differences in protease activity inside and outside the cell and the effect of a storage buffer for in vitro storage of the enzyme, there are problems with in vitro measurement.However, for convenience, mutation is used as a parameter. The thermal stability of type A A was studied in vitro.
- nucleotide sequence was determined for each of the 14 lys (Ts) mutated pLYSCls, and the mutation points were determined.
- the results are shown in Table 4.
- the amino acid residues based on nucleotide mutations are shown in parentheses. There were 12 identical mutations among 14 species (No. 48 and No. 167, and No. 24 and No. 80). Nos. 149, 150, 156, 158, 167, 169, 172 are mutants obtained by hydroxylamine treatment, and Nos. 24, 43, 48, 60, 80, 117, 126 are mutants obtained by NTG treatment.
- the mutation patterns were all mutations from cytosine to thymine, or mutations from guanine to adenine in the front chain due to the mutation from cytosine to thymine in the back chain.
- Table 4 Identification of lysC * mutation points
- B-3996 strain retains pVIC40 as the only plasmid extrachromosomally. The details are described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 3-5010162. The microorganism has been deposited with the Research Institute for Genetics and Industrial Microorganisms Breeding under accession number RIA 1867.
- dapA * (118th histidine residue contained in pdapAS24, which was mutated to a tyrosine residue. Is selected).
- the mutant dapA * (hereinafter referred to as “dapA * 24”) on pdapAS24 was transformed into pVIC40 tetracycline-resistant It was ligated downstream of the gene promoter to obtain RSF24P as shown in FIG.
- RSF24P plasmid was introduced into the E. coli JM109 strain was named AJ12395 and was contacted by the Institute of Biotechnology and Industrial Technology, Institute of Industrial Science and Technology on October 28, 1990.
- No strains harboring pdapAS8 and pdapAS9 were deposited, but all mutations in dapA * on each plasmid were clarified as described above.
- PVIC40 was dropped from the B-3996 strain in accordance with a conventional method, and a B-399 strain was obtained as a strain having no plasmid.
- RSF24P plasmid was introduced into the B-399 strain according to a conventional method to obtain B-399 / RSF24P.
- the L-lysine productivity of B-399 / RSF24P was evaluated.
- RSFP was constructed as a control plus. That is, a large fragment was selected from the double digest of BamHI and Dral of pVIC40 shown in FIG. It was blunt-ended with DNA polymerase Klenow fragment. The blunt-ended large fragment was self-ligated to obtain plasmid RSFP.
- RSFP was introduced into the B-399 strain according to a conventional method to obtain B-399 / RSFP. B-399 / RSFP was also evaluated for L-lysine productivity.
- the cultivation was carried out using the following medium, with a culturing time of 48 hours and a temperature of 37, with stirring at 114 to 116 rpm. Table 5 shows the results.
- Example 4 Fermentative production of L-lysine by a strain into which dapA * and lysC * were introduced (I)
- the effect of mutant DDPS on L-lysine production was shown in Example 3, but in order to further improve this,
- the mutant AK111 gene obtained in step 2 was allowed to coexist with the mutant DDPS gene.
- the mutant A Kill gene coexisting with the mutant DDPS gene was selected from the No. 80 strain (lys C * 80) in terms of enzyme activity, heat stability and the like.
- lys80 is a vector PHSG399 (Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) having an inverted insertion site with respect to pUC18 by replacing lysC * (hereinafter referred to as “lysC * 80”) on pLYSCl * 80 to increase the expression level of lysC *.
- the plasmid pLLC * 80 (Fig. 8), which was created by reconnection to the downstream of the lacZ promoter, was used. Since lysC * 80 on pLYSCl * 80 is located in the transcription direction opposite to that of lacZ promoter, pLLC * 80 is required for lacZ promoter to improve the productivity of L-lysine. Use plush to create lysC * 80 so that the transfer direction is positive.
- a plasmid RSFD80 having dapA 'and lysC * was prepared as shown in FIG.
- dapA'24 and lysC'80 are arranged in this order downstream of the promoter of the tetracycline resistance gene (tetP) so that the transcription direction is forward with respect to tetP.
- tetP tetracycline resistance gene
- AJ12396 The product obtained by introducing RSFD80 plasmid into E. coli JM109 strain was named AJ12396.
- AJ 12396 was deposited on October 28, 1993 with the Institute of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology and Industrial Technology under the accession number F ERM P-13936, and was transferred to the International Deposit under the Budapest Treaty on November 1, 1994. Deposit under the accession number of FERM BP-4859.
- RSFD80 was introduced into the B-399 strain according to a conventional method to obtain B-399 / RSFD80.
- the L-lysine productivity of B-399 / R SFD80 was evaluated.
- L-lysine productivity was also evaluated for B-399 / RSFP.
- Example 5 Fermentative production of L-lysine by a strain into which daoA 'and lvsC' were introduced (II)
- the productivity of L-lysine was increased by allowing a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia to carry a mutant dapA gene and a mutant lysC gene.
- the improvement was confirmed in Example 4.
- An experiment was conducted to determine whether this effect was maintained even when the host was changed.
- E. coli W3110 (tyrA) strain was used as a host.
- the W3110 (tyrA) strain is described in detail in European Patent Publication No. 48,884,244, and the following briefly describes its preparation method.
- E. coli W3110 strain was obtained from National Institute of Genetics (Mishima City, Shizuoka Prefecture). The strain was spread on an LB plate containing streptomycin, and a strain that formed a colony was selected to obtain a streptomycin-resistant strain. Mix the selected streptomycin-resistant strain with the E. coli K-12 ME8424 strain, and mix in a complete medium (L-Broth: ⁇ % Bacto trypton, 0.5% Yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl).
- E. coli K-12 ME8424 strain HfrP045, thi. relAl, tvrA:: TnlO, ung-1, nadB
- the culture is then spread on complete medium (L-Broth: 1% Bacto trypton, 0.5% Yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl, 1.5% agar) containing streptomycin, tetracycline and L-tyrosine. A strain forming a colony was selected. This strain was named E. coli W3110 (tyrA) strain.
- the strain obtained by introducing the plasmid pHAT erm is named E. coli W3110 (tyrA) / pHATerm strain, which has been deposited with the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, and registered under the registration number FE RM BP- 3 6 5 3 is given.
- the W3110 (tyrA) strain can also be obtained by dropping the plasmid pHA Term from the E. coli W3110 (tyrA) / pHATerm strain. Plasmid can be dropped off by a conventional method. '
- the plasmid RSFD80 containing both dapA * and lysC * obtained in Example 4 was introduced into the W3110 (tyrA) strain obtained as described above to obtain W3110 (tyrA) / RSFD80.
- the L-lysine productivity of W3110 (tyrA) / RSFD80 was evaluated.
- RSFP was introduced into the W3110 (tyrA) strain according to a conventional method to obtain W3110 (tyrA) / RSFP.
- the cultivation was carried out using the L-lysine production medium described above, with a culturing time of 48 hours and a temperature of 37 under stirring at 114 to U6 rpm. Table 7 shows the results.
- the rate-limiting step was identified by isolating various lysine biosynthesis genes, introducing those genes into E. coli, and examining the effect of each gene on L-lysine production.
- the introduced L-lysine biosynthetic enzyme genes and the enzymes they encode are as follows.
- DDH diaminopimelic acid dehydrogenase from Brevipa, Cterium lactate fermentum
- lysA diaminopimelic acid decarboxylase
- the above genes cover the L-lysine biosynthesis system from phosphoenolpyruvate to L-lysine.
- the dapC ;, dapD, dapE and dapF genes are brevibacterium lactams that can independently catalyze reactions involving these gene products.
- Copies DDH (Diaminopimelate Dehydrogenase) from tovimentum (Brevibacterium lactofermentum) We decided to replace the gene DDH.
- E. coli K-12 strain W3110 (tyrA) was used as a host for introducing these genes.
- the dapA and dapA * 24 genes were obtained by excision from pdapA2 and pdapAS24 (see Example 1) with EcoRI and Kpnl, respectively (FIG. 10). These genes were ligated with pMW118 digested with EcoRI and Kpnl to obtain pdapA and pdapA *.
- the lysC and lys80 genes were obtained by excision with pLYSCl and pLLC'80 (see Example 2), EcoRI and Sphl, respectively. These genes were ligated with pMWll9 digested with EcoRI and Sphl to obtain plysC and plysC * (FIG. 11).
- the ppc gene was obtained from plasmid pT2 carrying this gene. [Rho .tau.2 was cut with Smal and Seal, after the termini were blunt-ended, and inserted into the Smal site of pMW118, to obtain a plasmid pppc (Fig. 12).
- the E. coli F15 strain (AJ12873) carrying pT2 has been deposited under the accession number FERM BP-4732 at the Institute of Biotechnology and Industrial Technology, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry.
- the aspC gene was obtained from plasmid pLF4 (Inokuchi, K. et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 10, 6957 (1982)) carrying this gene (FIG. 13).
- pLF4 was digested with PvuII and Stul, the ends were blunted, and inserted into the Smal site of pMW119 to obtain plasmid paspC.
- the asd gene was obtained from the plasmid pAD20 (Haziza, C. et al., EMB 0, 1, 379 (1982)) carrying this gene. After cutting pAD20 with Asel and Clal and blunting the end, it was inserted into the Smal site of PMW118 to obtain plasmid pasd (FIG. 14).
- the dapB gene is composed of two types of oligonucleotide primers (SEQ ID NO: 1) created based on the nucleotide sequence of a known dapB gene (Bouvier, J. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 259, 14829 (1984)). It was obtained by amplifying the dapB gene from the chromosomal DNA of the E. coli W3110 strain by PCR using 9, 10) (Fig. 15). The resulting amplified DNA fragment was cut with Asel and Dral, the ends were blunt-ended, and inserted into the Smal site of pMW119 to obtain plasmid pdapB.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 oligonucleotide primers
- the DDH gene was created based on the known nucleotide sequence of the DDH gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum (Ishino, S. et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 15, 3917 (1987)). Brevipacterium lactos by PCR using two oligonucleotide primers (SEQ ID NOS: 11 and 12) It was obtained by amplifying the DDH gene from the chromosomal DNA of the famentum ATCC13869. The obtained amplified DNA fragment was cut with EcoT22I and Aval, the ends were blunt-ended, and then inserted into the Sraal site of PMW119 to obtain plasmid pDDH (FIG. 16).
- the lysAit gene is the nucleotide sequence of a known lysAil gene (Stragier, P. et al.,
- lysAil transfer from E. coli W3110 strain chromosomal DNA was performed by PCR using two types of oligonucleotide primers (SEQ ID NOS: 13 and 14). Obtained by amplifying the offspring. The amplified DNA fragment obtained was cut with Spll and Bell, the ends were blunted, and inserted into the Smal site of pMW118 to obtain plasmid plysA (Fig. 17).
- E. coli W3110 (tyrA) was transformed with each plasmid containing the L-lysine biosynthesis gene, and the resulting transformant was cultured to produce L-lysine.
- the cultivation was carried out using the following medium at a culturing temperature of 37 and stirring of 114 to 116i: pm for 30 hours. Table 8 shows the results.
- E. coli W3110 began to produce L-lysine by introduction of lysC ⁇ pdapA or pdapA *.
- L-lysine feedback for both lysC and dapA products As a result of this inhibition, it is anticipated that these enzymes are major regulators of L-lysine biosynthesis.
- the reaction catalyzed by the dapA product is present at the branching point between the synthesis systems of L-threonine, L-methionine and L-isoleucine and the L-lysine synthesis system, and is the first step in the synthesis system unique to L-lysine. It has already been reported that E.
- a crude enzyme solution was prepared from W3110 (tyrA), W3110 (tyrA) / pdapA and W3110 (tyrA) / pdapA * in the same manner as in Example 1, and the DDPS (dihydrodipicolinate synthase) activity was measured. The degree of inhibition of activity by L-lysine was examined. Table 9 shows the results. Table 9
- the effect of lysC * on L-lysine production can be considered as follows.
- the first rate-limiting step involves the conversion of ASA (aspartic acid- ⁇ -semialdehyde), a substrate at the branching point of the biosynthetic system, to HD (homoserine dehydrogenase: t). This is the stage where the product of hrA or metLM) and DDPS (dapA product) compete.
- ASA aspartic acid- ⁇ -semialdehyde
- HD homoserine dehydrogenase: t
- dapA * was transferred from pdapA to RSF1010 so that these plasmids would be stably retained when other plasmids were introduced into E. coli that harbors a plasmid containing dapA * to obtain RSF24P.
- Figure 7 E. coli W3110 (tyrA) was transformed with the plasmid RSF24P having this dapA *.
- Plasmid having an L-lysine biosynthesis gene was introduced into E. coli W3110 (tyrA) / RSF24P.
- two kinds of plasmids including RSF24P and a plasmid containing other L-lysine biosynthetic genes are coexistent. These strains were examined for L-lysine productivity in the same manner as in (6-1-2). Table 10 shows the results.
- LysC * was incorporated into RSF24P to obtain RSFD80 (Fig. 9).
- lysC was incorporated into RSF24P, and the resulting plasmid was named RSFD1.
- These plasmids were introduced into E. coli W3110 (tyrA), and a crude enzyme solution was prepared in the same manner as in (6-T2), and the AK activity and the degree of L-lysine inhibition of AK activity, t, were examined. . Table 11 shows the results. Table 11
- dapB was incorporated into RSFD80 to obtain pCABl (Fig. 18).
- This plasmid was introduced into E. coli W3110 (tyrA), and a crude enzyme solution was prepared.
- the enzymatic activity of DDPR dihydrodipicolinate reductase was measured according to the method described in Tamir, H. and Gilvarg, C., J. Biol. Chem., 249, 3034 (1974).
- DDPR activity was increased about 3-fold in the strain holding RSFD80 and pdapB and 6.5-fold in the strain holding pCABl in which dapB was incorporated into RSFD80, compared to the control (strain holding only RSFD80). .
- the accumulation of L-lysine was the same as f3110 (tyrA) / RSFD80 + pdapB and ⁇ 3110 (t yrA) / pCABl. It was determined that the rate-limiting step had shifted to the next step.
- the fourth rate-limiting step was identified using the plasmid pCABl having lysC *, dapA *, and dapB.
- E. coli W3110 (tyrA) / P CABl various lysine biosynthesis plasmid was introduced into and subjected to L one lysine production culture. Table 14 shows the culture results.
- the dapD gene is composed of two types of oligonucleotide primers (Richaud, C. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 259, 14824 (1984)) based on the nucleotide sequence of a known dapD gene. It was obtained by amplifying the dapD gene from the chromosomal DNA of the E. coli W3110 strain by the PCR method using SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 16). The obtained amplified DNA fragment was digested with Eco0109I and Sacl, the ends were blunted, and inserted into the Smal site of pMW118 to obtain plasmid pdapD (FIG. 20).
- the dapE gene is composed of two oligonucleotide primers (SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18) prepared based on the nucleotide sequence of a known dapE gene (Bouvier, J. et al., J. Bacteriol., 174, 5265 (1992)). ) was amplified by amplifying the dapE gene from chromosomal DNA of E. coli strain W3110. The resulting amplified DNA fragment was cut with Muni and Bglll, the ends were blunted, and inserted into the Smal site of pMW118. Mid pdapE was obtained ( Figure 21).
- the dapF gene is composed of two types of oligonucleotide primers (SEQ ID NOs: 19 and 20) prepared based on the nucleotide sequence of a known dapF gene (Richaud, C. et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 16, 10367 (1988)). ) was amplified by amplifying the dapF gene from chromosomal DNA of E. coli strain W3110. The resulting amplified DNA fragment was cut with Pstl, the ends were blunted, and inserted into the Smal site of PMW118 to obtain plasmid pdapF (FIG. 22).
- L-Lysine production increased slightly with the enhancement of dapD or dapE, but did not reach that of DDH.
- the change in broth color and the accumulation of intermediate SMP, which are observed by the introduction of DDH, are independent phenomena, and the change in broth color is due to dapD, and the disappearance of SDAP is due to dapE. I understood.
- the relationship between dapE and SDAP is also predictable from the viewpoint of the L-lysine synthesis pathway. Increasing dapF had no effect on improving L-lysine productivity.
- dapE was excised from pdapE and inserted into pdapD to produce a plasmid pMWdapDEl having both dapE and dapD (FIG. 23).
- contains dapE and dapD from pMWdapDEl The fragment was cut out and inserted into pCABl to produce pCABDEl (FIG. 24).
- Strains retaining pCABl, pCABDEl or pCABD2, and strains retaining both pCABDEl and pdapF were prepared, and L-lysine production culture was performed using these strains.
- Table 17 shows the results. Table 17 ⁇ L-Rishi strains, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ SDAP
- Plasmid RSF24P containing dapA * was introduced into E. coli C strain, and plasmid containing L-lysine biosynthesis gene was further introduced. The resulting transformant was cultured in L-lysine production medium, and -The production of lysine hydrochloride was measured. Table 19 shows the results. Table 19 Production of L-lysine hydrochloride (g / 1) vs. sugar yield (%)
- the plasmid RSFD80 containing dapA * and lys was introduced into E. coli, the plasmid containing the L-lysine biosynthesis gene was further introduced, and the resulting transformant was cultured in an L-lysine production medium.
- the production of L-lysine hydrochloride was measured. The results are shown in Table 20.
- Plasmid pCABl containing dapA *, lysC * and dapB was introduced into E. coli C strain, and plasmid containing L-lysine biosynthesis gene was further introduced, and the resulting transformant was used to produce L-lysine.
- the cells were cultured in a medium, and the production of L-lysine hydrochloride was measured. The results are shown in Table 21.
- Plasmid having a dapD, dapE or dapF gene instead of DDH was introduced into an E. coli C strain carrying pCABl, and L-lysine production culture was performed. The results are shown in Table 22. Table 22 Poor forest L-Rishi ', II salt cattle if landscape vs. sugar yield
- L-lysine productivity can be improved stepwise.
- Lys Ala lie Ala Glu His Thr Asp Leu Pro Gin lie Leu Tyr Asn Val
- Organism name Escherichia coli
- strain name C1061 Sequence characteristics:
- primer bind Location 536.. 555
- primer bind Location 2128.. 2147
- Asp Ala lie Arg Asn lie Gin Phe Ala lie Leu Glu Arg Leu Arg Tyr 65 70 75 80
- Gly Leu Val lie Thr Gin Gly Phe lie Gly Ser Glu Asn Lys Gly Arg
- Asp Glu lie Ala Phe Ala Glu Ala Ala Glu Met Ala Thr Phe Gly Ala
- Gly Leu Ala Leu Val Ala Leu lie Gly Asn Asp Leu Ser Lys Ala Cys 385 390 395 400
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Priority Applications (14)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AT95901600T ATE287961T1 (de) | 1993-12-08 | 1994-11-28 | Verfahren zur herstellung von l - lysin durch fermentation |
DE69434245T DE69434245T2 (de) | 1993-12-08 | 1994-11-28 | Verfahren zur herstellung von l - lysin durch fermentation |
CA002178589A CA2178589C (en) | 1993-12-08 | 1994-11-28 | Process for producing l-lysine by fermentation |
AU10770/95A AU690168B2 (en) | 1993-12-08 | 1994-11-28 | Process for producing L-lysine by fermentation |
PL94314852A PL181614B1 (en) | 1993-12-08 | 1994-11-28 | Method of obtaining l-lysine by a fermentation process |
JP7516087A JP2926990B2 (ja) | 1993-12-08 | 1994-11-28 | 発酵法によるl−リジンの製造法 |
SK713-96A SK280629B6 (sk) | 1993-12-08 | 1994-11-28 | Dna kódujúca dihydrodipikolinát syntázu, baktéria |
EP95901600A EP0733710B1 (en) | 1993-12-08 | 1994-11-28 | Process for producing l-lysine by fermentation |
HU9601535A HU219608B (hu) | 1993-12-08 | 1994-11-28 | Eljárás L-lizin fermentációval történő előállítására |
BR9408288A BR9408288A (pt) | 1993-12-08 | 1994-11-28 | DNA codificante para uma di-hidro-di-picolinato sintase bactéria e processo para produzir L-lisina |
DK04010589T DK1477565T3 (da) | 1993-12-08 | 1994-11-28 | Fremgangsmåde til produktion af L-lysin ved fermentering |
DK95901600T DK0733710T3 (da) | 1994-11-28 | 1994-11-28 | Fremgangsmåde til produktion af L-lysin ved fermentering |
KR1019960702979A KR100345592B1 (ko) | 1993-12-08 | 1994-11-28 | L-라이신에의한피드백억제가해제된돌연변이를갖는dna,당해dna로형질전환된 세포 및 당해세포를 사용하는발효법에의한l-라이신의제조방법 |
US08/648,010 US6040160A (en) | 1993-12-08 | 1994-11-28 | Method of producing L-lysine by fermentation |
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JP5308397A JPH07155184A (ja) | 1993-12-08 | 1993-12-08 | 発酵法によるl−リジンの製造法 |
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EP (3) | EP0733710B1 (ja) |
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CN (2) | CN100384984C (ja) |
AT (2) | ATE287961T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU690168B2 (ja) |
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ES (2) | ES2235169T3 (ja) |
HU (1) | HU219608B (ja) |
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Cited By (57)
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EP0770676A2 (en) | 1995-10-23 | 1997-05-02 | Ajinomoto Co., Ltd. | Method for treating fermentation broth |
EP0834559A1 (en) * | 1995-06-13 | 1998-04-08 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Process for producing l-lysine by fermentation |
EP0811682A3 (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 1998-06-10 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Method of producing L-lysine |
US5932453A (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 1999-08-03 | Ajinomoto Co., Ltd. | Process for producing L-amino acid through fermentation |
WO2000056858A1 (fr) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-09-28 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Procede de production de l-lysine |
WO2001053459A1 (fr) * | 2000-01-21 | 2001-07-26 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Procede de production de l-lysine |
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