TWI660467B - 半導體裝置及形成其之方法 - Google Patents

半導體裝置及形成其之方法 Download PDF

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TWI660467B
TWI660467B TW106103789A TW106103789A TWI660467B TW I660467 B TWI660467 B TW I660467B TW 106103789 A TW106103789 A TW 106103789A TW 106103789 A TW106103789 A TW 106103789A TW I660467 B TWI660467 B TW I660467B
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film
sealing resin
semiconductor device
resin layer
substrate
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TW106103789A
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TW201810552A (zh
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岩本正次
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東芝記憶體股份有限公司
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Abstract

根據一項實施例，一種半導體裝置包含一基板、安裝於該基板上之半導體晶片、密封該等半導體晶片之一密封樹脂層及覆蓋該密封樹脂層之至少一上表面之一膜，該膜由選自由鋅、鋁、錳、其等之合金、金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物及金屬氮氧化物組成之群組之一材料製成。

Description

半導體裝置及形成其之方法
本文所描述之實施例大體上係關於一種半導體裝置及一種形成一半導體裝置之方法。
在具有內建記憶體晶片之一半導體記憶體裝置(諸如，一NAND類型快閃記憶體)中，微型化及高容量已快速發展。在一半導體記憶體裝置中，為了達成微型化與高容量兩者，複數個記憶體晶片經循序堆疊於一佈線基板上，且此等半導體晶片由一樹脂層密封。為了減小此一半導體裝置之厚度，將最小化半導體晶片上之密封樹脂層之厚度。此微型化可能在熱處理(諸如，一焊接回流程序)期間致使翹曲。 樹脂層通常翹曲，使得樹脂層之上表面在室溫下呈凸面且在高溫下呈凹面。減小樹脂層之厚度，尤其係在高溫下，會增加翹曲。可藉由調整密封樹脂之性質、基板材料之性質或基板之厚度來抑制翹曲。然而，此等調整會增加材料成本或基板成本。另外，在一些情況中，僅藉由調整基板之材料性質或厚度而使所需之翹曲抑制在容限內係無法達成的。因此，需要一種可抑制一半導體裝置之翹曲之具成本效益之技術。
一般而言，根據一項實施例，一種半導體裝置包含：一基板；一或多個半導體晶片，其安裝於該基板上；一密封樹脂層，其密封該一或多個半導體晶片；及一膜，其覆蓋該密封樹脂層之至少一上表面，該膜由選自由鋅、鋁、錳、其等之合金、金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物及金屬氮氧化物組成之群組之一材料製成。 根據實施例，有可能以低成本獲得優異翹曲抑制效果。
本申請案係基於並主張來自2016年3月17日申請之日本專利申請案第2016-53319號之優先權利，該案以全文引用方式併入本文中。 本文所描述之實施例提供一種可抑制高溫下之翹曲之半導體裝置。 在下文中，將參考圖式描述根據實施例之一半導體裝置。在各實施例中，相同元件符號將給予相同或類似部件，且在一些情況中，將不重複其描述。圖式係示意性的，且在一些情況中，各種尺寸、厚度及尺寸之比率可能會根據實施例之不同而不同。說明書中指示方向之術語，諸如上及下，指示相對於一基本方向之方向，且可能不對應於重力方向。 (第一實施例) 圖1係繪示根據一第一實施例之一半導體裝置1之一橫截面圖。圖1中所繪示之半導體裝置1包含一基板2、安裝於基板2上之半導體晶片3與4、密封半導體晶片3及4之一密封樹脂層5及覆蓋密封樹脂層5之一上表面5a之一翹曲調整膜6。如圖2中所繪示，可提供翹曲調整膜6，以不僅覆蓋密封樹脂層5之上表面5a，而且覆蓋密封樹脂層5之側表面及基板2之側表面。下文詳細描述之實施例具有僅覆蓋密封樹脂層5之上表面5a之一翹曲調整膜6。相對於圖2之實施例，此一實施例減小製造成本。 基板2係一佈線網路(未繪示)經提供於一絕緣樹脂基板之表面上或內之一佈線基板。一個實例係使用玻璃纖維環氧樹脂或BT樹脂(雙馬來醯亞胺三嗪樹脂)之一印刷佈線板(一多堆疊印刷板)。印刷佈線板之佈線基板2通常包含作為一佈線網路之一銅(Cu)層7。佈線基板2包含一第一表面2a (其為形成表面之一外部端子)及一第二表面2b (其為其上安裝半導體晶片3及4之一表面)。佈線基板2之第一表面2a包含一外部電極8。 外部端子(未繪示)形成於佈線基板2之外部電極8上。在其中半導體裝置1用作一BGA封裝之一情況中，外部端子係使用一焊接球或焊接鍍層之一突出端子。在其中半導體裝置1用作一LGA封裝之一情況中，使用金(Au)鍍層之一金屬平臺作為外部端子。佈線基板2之第二表面2b (其為其上安裝半導體晶片3及4之表面)包含一內部電極9。內部電極9之至少一部分透過佈線基板2或外部電極8之佈線網路經電連接至外部端子。 一第一半導體晶片3經安裝於佈線基板2之第二表面2b上。第一半導體晶片3可包含以一逐步方式堆疊使得電極墊之各者可暴露之複數個層。第一半導體晶片3之一具體實例包含記憶體晶片，諸如NAND類型快閃記憶體，但不限於其。圖1繪示第一半導體晶片3具有在一第一方向上以一逐步方式偏移而堆疊之四個層及其上所配置之在與第一方向相反之一方向上以一逐步方式偏移而堆疊之另外四個層。然而，經安裝於佈線基板2上之第一半導體晶片3中之層之數目或安裝結構並不限於上文所描述之數目或安裝結構。第一半導體晶片3中之層之數目可係一個或多個。 在圖1中所展示之第一半導體晶片3之多個層中，使用一黏附層 (未繪示)將第一層黏附至佈線基板2之第二表面2b。亦可使用一黏附層將各隨後層黏附至先前層。藉由分別使所堆疊之層偏移而使第一半導體晶片3之第一層至第四層之電極墊朝上暴露，且該等電極墊透過一接合線10經電連接至佈線基板2之內部電極9。第一半導體晶片3之第五層至第八層在與第一方向相反之方向上經堆疊於第四層上，使得電極墊暴露。第一半導體晶片3之第五層至第八層之電極墊透過一接合線10經電連接至內部電極9。 第二半導體晶片4 (在圖1中僅展示一個晶片)進一步經安裝於佈線基板2之第二表面2b上。第二半導體晶片4之電極墊透過一接合線11經電連接至佈線基板2之內部電極9。第二半導體晶片4之實例包含一控制器晶片，在其中半導體裝置1係一記憶體裝置、系統LSI晶片(諸如，一介面晶片、一邏輯晶片及一RF晶片)之情況中，該控制器晶片在第一半導體晶片3與外部裝置之間發射並接收數位信號。第二半導體晶片4可經掩埋或經附接至將第一半導體晶片3黏附至佈線基板2之第二表面2b之黏附層。第二半導體晶片4可經配置於第一半導體晶片3上。然而，藉由將第二半導體晶片4安裝於佈線基板2之第二表面2b上，有可能減小自第二半導體晶片4 (諸如，系統LSI晶片)至佈線基板2之佈線長度。因此，有可能使半導體裝置1之回應加速。 含有一絕緣樹脂(諸如，環氧樹脂)之密封樹脂層5 (例如)經模制於佈線基板2之第二表面2b上，使得第一半導體晶片3及第二半導體晶片4與接合線10及11經密封在一起。第一半導體晶片3上之密封樹脂層5之厚度並非特別受限，但為使半導體裝置1之厚度最小化，其可等於或小於300 μm。可具有嵌入為第一半導體晶片3之一記憶體晶片(諸如，一NAND類型快閃記憶體)之半導體裝置1之厚度通常經最小化以用於移動電子裝置中。對於此等使用，半導體晶片3上之樹脂之厚度通常等於或小於150 μm。為了提供良好之第一半導體晶片3之密封與用於雷射標記之充足之雕刻深度，半導體晶片3上之樹脂之厚度通常等於或大於50 μm。 在密封樹脂層5之上表面5a上提供用於抑制尤其係在高溫下之半導體裝置1之翹曲之翹曲調整膜6。使用(例如)一濺鍍方法或一氣相沉積方法在密封樹脂層5上形成翹曲調整膜6。用於形成翹曲調整膜6之材料可選自由由鋅(Zn)、鋁(Al)及錳(Mn)、其等之合金、一金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物及金屬氮氧化物組成之群組。亦可使用上述材料之組合。在本文，形成密封樹脂層5之樹脂材料之彈性模量較低。舉例而言，一典型環氧樹脂之楊氏模量係大約30 GPa。相比之下，上文所描述之金屬(Zn、Al及Mn)之楊氏模量之任一者皆超過30 GPa。 藉由使用具有高於密封樹脂層5之彈性模量之一彈性模量之材料在密封樹脂層5上形成翹曲調整膜6，在(例如)半導體裝置1自室溫(25℃)經加熱至一二次安裝溫度(例如，250℃)時，密封樹脂層5之膨脹被抑制。因此，半導體裝置1之翹曲在高溫下被抑制。如上所述，翹曲調整膜6之楊氏模量通常超過30 GPa，且其可等於或高於50 GPa。因為上述金屬(Zn、Al及Mn)之合金具有類似於金屬本身之彈性模量，故上述金屬之任一者之一合金膜可用於翹曲調整膜6。 此外，代替上文所描述之金屬膜或合金膜，一金屬化合物膜(諸如，一金屬氧化物膜、一金屬氮化物膜及/或一金屬氮氧化物膜)可用作翹曲調整膜6。金屬化合物膜具有等於或高於上文所描述之金屬膜或合金膜之彈性模量之彈性模量以及將抑制高溫下之翹曲之高硬度。可用於翹曲調整膜6中之金屬化合物之實例並不特別受限，且可包含金屬氧化物(諸如，氧化鋁(Al2 O3 )、氧化矽(SiO2 )、氧化鈦(TiO2 )及氧化鋯(ZrO2 ))、金屬氮化物(諸如，氮化矽(Si3 N4 )、氮化鋁(AlN)及氮化鈦(TiN))及金屬氮氧化物(諸如，氮氧化矽(SiON)及塞隆或矽鋁氮氧化物(SiAlON))。 用於形成翹曲調整膜6之更多有用材料具有高於Cu之熱膨脹係數之一熱膨脹係數(16.2×10-6 ℃)。如上文所描述，一般言之，佈線基板2具有作為佈線網路之一Cu層7。在半導體裝置1中，Cu佈線層7在加熱期間促成佈線基板2之膨脹。因此，在一較薄類型之半導體裝置1之實施例中，翹曲增加。在此方面，藉由使用具有高於Cu層7之熱膨脹係數之熱膨脹係數之材料在密封樹脂層5上形成翹曲調整膜6，有可能抑制由Cu層7之熱膨脹所致使或增強之半導體裝置1之翹曲。 具有高於Cu之熱膨脹係數之熱膨脹係數(α)之材料之實例包含金屬Zn (α=30.2×10-6 ℃)、Al (α=23.7×10-6 ℃)及Mn (α=21.6×10-6 ℃)或此等金屬之任何者之合金。在表1中列出可用於形成翹曲調整膜6之各種材料之楊氏模量及熱膨脹係數。用於形成翹曲調整膜6之多數材料具有高於16.2×10-6 ℃之熱膨脹係數(α)，且一些等於或高於20×10-6 ℃。 表1 翹曲調整膜6之厚度可等於或大於0.5 μm且等於或小於5 μm。當翹曲調整膜6之厚度小於0.5 μm時，高溫下之密封樹脂層5之翹曲抑制可能係不充分的。當翹曲調整膜6之厚度超過5 μm時，翹曲調整膜6至密封樹脂層5之黏附在翹曲調整膜6係藉由濺鍍或其他氣相沉積方法形成時趨向於劣化，從而減小翹曲抑制之有效性。在此一情況中，在佈線基板2 (特定言之，Cu層7)之加熱或膨脹時由密封樹脂層5之膨脹致使之密封樹脂層5之變形仍過度。此外，當翹曲調整膜6之厚度增加時，用於形成膜之成本增加，且變得難以使半導體裝置1之厚度最小化。翹曲調整膜6之厚度可等於或大於1 μm且等於或小於3 μm。 如上文所描述，有可能在加熱時藉由使用具有高於形成密封樹脂層5之材料之彈性模量之彈性模量之一材料在密封樹脂層5上形成翹曲調整膜6來抑制密封樹脂層5之膨脹。此外，藉由使用由滿足上述彈性模量且具有高於Cu層7之熱膨脹係數之熱膨脹係數之一材料製成之一翹曲調整膜6，有可能抑制在加熱期間由Cu層7之熱膨脹致使之密封樹脂層5之膨脹。以此方式，第一半導體晶片3上之樹脂之厚度可經減小，且因此，有可能減小加熱期間半導體裝置1之翹曲量，尤其係其中密封樹脂層5之上表面5a變形成一凹面形狀之翹曲。此外，因為半導體裝置1之翹曲由翹曲調整膜6抑制，故有可能將半導體裝置1之製造成本保持為低。因此，有可能以一低成本提供具有較少翹曲之一較薄類型之半導體裝置1。 可藉由量測一半導體裝置中不具有翹曲調整膜6之翹曲並比較半導體裝置1之翹曲來確認使用翹曲調整膜6之翹曲抑制。此等量測通常回報表示凸面翹曲之一正值及表示凹面翹曲之一負值。一半導體裝置(諸如，半導體裝置1，但不具有翹曲調整膜6)在室溫下翹曲成一凸面形狀(正值)，且在加熱時變形成一凹面形狀(負值)，如由如上文所描述之量測所確認。 如上文所描述，在加熱期間不包含翹曲調整膜6之半導體裝置之翹曲量較大且可能超過半導體裝置中之一可容許翹曲容限。相反地，在包含翹曲調整膜6之半導體裝置之一情況中，已確認半導體裝置1在室溫下具有一凸面形狀(正值)，且在加熱期間變形，但該變形較小，且加熱期間之翹曲量具有一正值。 可提供翹曲調整膜6以僅覆蓋如上文所描述之密封樹脂層5之上表面5a，或可提供翹曲調整膜6以覆蓋密封樹脂層5之側表面及基板2之側表面。當施加翹曲調整膜6以覆蓋全部密封樹脂層5或基板2之側表面時，翹曲調整膜6在將半導體裝置1自製造基板上之相鄰裝置分開之後經施加。然而，當提供翹曲調整膜6以僅覆蓋密封樹脂層5之上表面5a時，可在將晶圓劃分至個別裝置中之前之晶圓製程期間形成翹曲調整膜6，故形成翹曲調整膜6之成本得以減小。藉由提供翹曲調整膜6以僅覆蓋密封樹脂層5之上表面5a，有可能以低成本獲得優異之翹曲抑制效果。 (第二實施例) 圖3係繪示根據一第二實施例之一半導體裝置21之一組態之一橫截面圖。圖3中所繪示之半導體裝置21包含一導電遮罩層22，其經提供以覆蓋除圖1中所繪示之半導體裝置1之組態外之翹曲調整膜6之一前表面、密封樹脂層5之側表面及基板2之側表面。導電遮罩層22防止來自第一半導體晶片3及第二半導體晶片4及佈線基板2之外來電磁波之發射，且從而防止來自外部裝置之電磁干涉影響第一半導體晶片3及第二半導體晶片4。舉例而言，當半導體晶片3包含一磁阻記憶體(MRAM)元件時，通常有必要遮罩來自外部電磁波之MRAM元件。在半導體裝置21中，導電遮罩層22提供此遮罩。 導電遮罩層22經電連接至佈線基板2中之一接地。為了將導電遮罩層22電連接至接地，接地之一部分暴露在佈線基板2之側表面處。導電遮罩層22經電連接至佈線基板2之側表面處暴露之接地之部分。藉由在劃切之後在半導體裝置21之前表面上濺鍍金屬材料(諸如，銅、銀或鎳)形成導電遮罩層22。可能有用的係基於導電遮罩層22之一電阻率選擇其之一厚度。舉例而言，導電遮罩層22之厚度可經選擇使得一薄膜電阻值(依厚度劃分之導電遮罩層22之電阻率)變成等於或低於0.5歐姆(Ω)。以此方式，有可能可重複地抑制來自半導體裝置21之外來電磁波之發射或來自外部電磁波之干涉。 翹曲調整膜6及導電遮罩層22不限於以圖中所展示之順序形成於上述密封樹脂層5上。導電遮罩層22可直接形成於密封樹脂層5上，且翹曲調整膜6可形成於導電遮罩層22上。在此等情況中，在劃切之後執行翹曲調整膜6，此係因為劃切在形成導電遮罩層22之前。為了利用在整個製造基板上方形成翹曲調整膜6之效率，翹曲調整膜6可形成於整個基板上方，該基板可經劃切至個別裝置中，且接著，導電遮罩層22可經形成以覆蓋翹曲調整膜6及佈線基板2之側表面。此外，藉由在密封樹脂層5上直接形成翹曲調整膜6，翹曲調整膜6之黏附得以改良。 (第三實施例) 圖4係繪示根據一第三實施例之一半導體裝置31之一組態之一橫截面圖。圖4中所繪示之半導體裝置31包含覆蓋除圖3中所繪示之半導體裝置21之組態外之導電遮罩層22之一保護層32。保護層32之一更有用材料在抗腐蝕方面係優異的。不銹鋼係一個實例。藉由覆蓋包含翹曲調整膜6及具有保護層32之導電遮罩層22之半導體裝置之前表面，有可能抑制翹曲調整膜6及導電遮罩層22之功能歸因於空氣中之濕度或類似者之劣化。在本文中，描述在導電遮罩層22上提供保護層32之一實例。然而，當導電遮罩層22不必要時，可在翹曲調整膜6正上方直接提供保護層32。 雖然已描述某些實施例，然此等實施例僅已通過實例提出，且不意欲限制本發明之範疇。事實上，本文所描述之新穎實施例可以多種其他形式體現；此外，可在不脫離本發明之精神之情況下，進行呈本文所描述之實施例之形式之各種省略、替代及改變。隨附申請專利範圍及其等之等效物意欲涵蓋如將落於本發明之範疇及精神內之此等形式或修改。
1‧‧‧半導體裝置
2‧‧‧基板/佈線基板
2a‧‧‧第一表面
2b‧‧‧第二表面
3‧‧‧半導體晶片
4‧‧‧半導體晶片
5‧‧‧密封樹脂層
5a‧‧‧上表面
6‧‧‧翹曲調整膜
7‧‧‧銅層/Cu層/Cu佈線層
8‧‧‧外部電極
9‧‧‧內部電極
10‧‧‧接合線
11‧‧‧接合線
21‧‧‧半導體裝置
22‧‧‧導電遮罩層
31‧‧‧半導體裝置
32‧‧‧保護層
圖1係繪示根據一第一實施例之一半導體裝置之一橫截面圖。 圖2係根據第一實施例之半導體裝置之一修改之一橫截面圖。 圖3係繪示根據一第二實施例之一半導體裝置之一橫截面圖。 圖4係繪示根據一第三實施例之一半導體裝置之一橫截面圖。

Claims (17)

  1. 一種半導體裝置，其包括：一基板；半導體晶片，其安裝於該基板上；一密封樹脂層，其配置於該等半導體晶片上方且密封該等半導體晶片，該密封樹脂層具有一上表面及側表面；及一膜，其覆蓋該密封樹脂層之整個該上表面，該膜由選自由鋅、鋁、錳、其等之合金、金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物及金屬氮氧化物組成之群組之一材料製成，其中該密封樹脂層之該等側表面被暴露；且該膜具有超過30Gpa之一楊氏模量及超過16.2×10-6℃之一熱膨脹係數；該膜具有等於或大於0.5μm且等於或小於5μm之一厚度。
  2. 如請求項1之半導體裝置，其中該等半導體晶片上之該密封樹脂層之一厚度等於或小於300μm。
  3. 一種半導體裝置，其包括：一基板；半導體晶片，其安裝於該基板上；一密封樹脂層，其密封該等半導體晶片；及一膜，其覆蓋該密封樹脂層之至少一上表面，該膜由選自由鋅、鋁、錳、其等之合金、金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物及金屬氮氧化物組成之群組之一材料製成；其中該膜具有超過30Gpa之一楊氏模量及超過16.2×10-6℃之一熱膨脹係數；該膜具有等於或大於0.5μm且等於或小於5μm之一厚度；該等半導體晶片上之該密封樹脂層之一厚度等於或小於300μm；該膜僅覆蓋該密封樹脂層之該上表面，且該裝置進一步包括覆蓋該膜之一前表面、該密封樹脂層之一側表面及該基板之一側表面之一導電遮罩層及一保護層之至少一者。
  4. 一種半導體裝置，其包括：一基板；半導體晶片，其安裝於該基板上；一密封樹脂層，其密封該等半導體晶片；及一膜，其覆蓋該密封樹脂層之至少一上表面，該膜由選自由鋅、鋁、錳、其等之合金、金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物及金屬氮氧化物組成之群組之一材料製成，其中該膜由一金屬化合物製成。
  5. 如請求項4之半導體裝置，其進一步包括一導電遮罩層及一保護層之至少一者。
  6. 如請求項5之半導體裝置，其中該導電遮罩層覆蓋該膜之一前表面、該密封樹脂層之一側表面及該基板之一側表面。
  7. 如請求項6之半導體裝置，其中該保護層係抗腐蝕的。
  8. 一種半導體裝置，其包括：一基板；半導體晶片，其安裝於該基板上；一密封樹脂層，其密封該等半導體晶片；及一膜，其覆蓋該密封樹脂層之至少一上表面，該膜具有等於或大於0.5μm且等於或小於5μm之一厚度，其中該膜由選自由鋅、鋁、錳、其等之合金、金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物及金屬氮氧化物組成之群組之一材料製成，其中該膜僅覆蓋該密封樹脂層之該上表面。
  9. 如請求項8之半導體裝置，其進一步包括一導電遮罩層及一保護層之至少一者。
  10. 如請求項9之半導體裝置，其中該導電遮罩層覆蓋該膜之一前表面、該密封樹脂層之一側表面及該基板之一側表面。
  11. 如請求項10之半導體裝置，其中該膜由具有等於或高於50Gpa之一楊氏模量之一材料製成。
  12. 如請求項11之半導體裝置，其中該導電遮罩層連接至該基板之該側表面處之一接地線。
  13. 如請求項12之半導體裝置，其中該保護層係抗腐蝕的。
  14. 一種形成一半導體裝置之方法，其包括：將複數個半導體晶片黏附至一佈線基板；將該等半導體晶片電連接至該佈線基板；在該基板上方施加一密封樹脂，該密封樹脂層配置於該等半導體晶片上方且密封該等半導體晶片，該密封樹脂層具有一上表面及側表面；在該密封樹脂之整個該上表面上形成一翹曲調整膜，該翹曲調整膜由選自由鋅、鋁、錳、其等之合金、金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物及金屬氮氧化物組成之群組之一材料製成；及將該基板分離至複數個半導體裝置中，其中該密封樹脂層之該等側表面被暴露。
  15. 如請求項14之形成該半導體裝置之方法，其中該翹曲調整膜具有超過30Gpa之一楊氏模量及超過16.2×10-6℃之一熱膨脹係數。
  16. 如請求項14之形成該半導體裝置之方法，其進一步包括在該等半導體裝置之各者上形成一導電遮罩層，該導電遮罩層覆蓋該翹曲調整膜之該前表面且連接至該佈線基板中之一暴露接地線。
  17. 如請求項16之形成該半導體裝置之方法，其進一步包括在該導電遮罩層上方形成一抗腐蝕保護層。
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