TWI495635B - 雜環化合物及包含其之有機電子裝置 - Google Patents
雜環化合物及包含其之有機電子裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI495635B TWI495635B TW102117327A TW102117327A TWI495635B TW I495635 B TWI495635 B TW I495635B TW 102117327 A TW102117327 A TW 102117327A TW 102117327 A TW102117327 A TW 102117327A TW I495635 B TWI495635 B TW I495635B
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- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 168
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 6-naphthyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005264 aryl amine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001638 boron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005241 heteroarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine group Chemical group NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004541 benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 148
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- ODJZWBLNJKNOJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-dibromonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=CC2=CC(Br)=CC=C21 ODJZWBLNJKNOJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 6
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 4
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003974 aralkylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 3
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 3
- UKSZBOKPHAQOMP-SVLSSHOZSA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 UKSZBOKPHAQOMP-SVLSSHOZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNHUHPSIWGBXDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4-dihydrotriazine Chemical compound ClN1CC(Cl)=CN(Cl)N1 PNHUHPSIWGBXDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WONYVCKUEUULQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-(2-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1C WONYVCKUEUULQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JTMODJXOTWYBOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 JTMODJXOTWYBOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMEVMYSQZPJFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6,9,10-hexazatetracyclo[12.4.0.02,7.08,13]octadeca-1(18),2(7),3,5,8(13),9,11,14,16-nonaene Chemical group N1=NN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=NN=C3C2=N1 DMEVMYSQZPJFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXDWMAODKPOTKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-methylanthracen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=C2C(C)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=CC2=C1 QXDWMAODKPOTKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005332 alkyl sulfoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005377 alkyl thioxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YUENFNPLGJCNRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(N)=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 YUENFNPLGJCNRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005165 aryl thioxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMVOXQPQNTYEKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4-amine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 DMVOXQPQNTYEKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002529 biphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 2
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron Chemical compound B#B ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IMKMFBIYHXBKRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;quinoline-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Li+].C1=CC=CC2=NC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 IMKMFBIYHXBKRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005551 pyridylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- SDEAGACSNFSZCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-chlorophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 SDEAGACSNFSZCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFBZMKWCZFFWIC-HVEFNXCZSA-N (3s)-3-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-[ Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C(C)C)C1=CNC=N1 AFBZMKWCZFFWIC-HVEFNXCZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAYQIZIAYYNFCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-chlorophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CAYQIZIAYYNFCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCQJGNPLAHIBPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(3-methylphenyl)hydrazine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(NNC=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 MCQJGNPLAHIBPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUIAXCYSKMFFOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dibromonaphthalene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC2=CC(Br)=CC=C21 PUIAXCYSKMFFOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTFFDNPPMQALBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7-dibromonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C(Br)C2=CC(Br)=CC=C21 LTFFDNPPMQALBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLXBGTIGAIESIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-dibromonaphthalene Chemical group C1=CC(Br)=C2C(Br)=CC=CC2=C1 DLXBGTIGAIESIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWOMSWMJKVBLPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2,4-diphenyl-2H-pyrimidine Chemical group ClN1C(N=C(C=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 SWOMSWMJKVBLPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTYDMFCZXBCEJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2-phenylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(N)CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NTYDMFCZXBCEJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYKQKWIPLZEVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11h-benzo[a]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1N2 MYKQKWIPLZEVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZLQHXCRRMUGQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2'-Hydroxyflavone Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O1 ZZLQHXCRRMUGQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDNWGRMGIZVOEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dibromo-9,9-dimethylfluorene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C2C(C)(C)C3=CC=C(Br)C=C3C2=C1 WDNWGRMGIZVOEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJDDVTZXYXHTRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-2,6-diphenylpyrimidine Chemical group N=1C(Cl)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 MJDDVTZXYXHTRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQFYUZCANYLWEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=C(N)C2=C1 MQFYUZCANYLWEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubrene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
- C07D251/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom to three ring carbon atoms
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- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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Description
本發明係關於一種新穎雜環化合物以及包含其之有機電子裝置。
本發明主張於2012年7月13日提交韓國智慧財產局之韓國專利公開號第10-2012-0076493號之優先權。本發明亦主張於2013年5月13日提交韓國智慧財產局之韓國專利公開號第10-2013-0053966號之優先權,其所揭露之全部內容在此併入本文中作為參考。
此處所使用之術語「有機電子裝置」係指需利用電洞及/或電子於電極與有機材料之間進行電荷交換之裝置。該有機電子裝置可依據其操作原理大致分為下列兩種類型。一種類型為:透過由外部光源進入該裝置之光子,於有機材料層中形成激子,該激子接著分離為電子及電洞被傳輸至不同電極以作為電流來源(電壓來源)之電子裝置;而另一類型為:施加電壓或電流於兩個或以上之電極以注入一電洞及/或電子至設置於該電極間界面之有機半導體之電子裝置,且該裝置係使用該注入之電子及電洞運作。
有機電子裝置之例子包括有機發光裝置、有機太陽能電池、有機電晶體及其類似物,上述之裝置均需要一電洞注入或電洞傳輸材料、電子注入或電子傳輸材料、或發光材料以驅動該裝置。以下,將主要並具體地描述該有機發光裝置,但於上述有機電子裝置中,該電洞注入或電洞傳輸材料、該電子注入或電子傳輸材料、或發光材料之功能係依據類似的原理引入。
一般而言,術語「有機發光現象」係指利用有機材料將電能轉換為光能之現象。該利用有機發光現象之有機發光裝置通常具有包括陽極、陰極及插置於陽極和陰極之間之有機材料層之結構。於此,為了提高有機發光裝置之效率及穩定性,該有機層常常具有包括由不同材料所製得之複數層之多層結構。舉例而言,該有機材料可由電洞注入層、電動傳輸層、發光層、電子傳輸層、電子注入層及其類似層所組成。於具有上述結構之有機發光裝置中,當施加電壓於兩個電極間時,來自陽極之電洞及來自陰極之電子注入該有機材料層中,且該電洞與電子彼此結合形成激子。當該激子依序落至基態,便發射光線。
用於上述有機發光裝置之新穎材料之發展之需求持續不斷,且用於上述其他有機電子裝置之材料之發展亦有其需求。
先前技術文件
專利文件
國際專利公開號WO 2003/012890。
據此,本發明之主要目的係提供一具有一化學結構之雜環化合物,根據其取代基,可提供有機電子裝置所需之各種功能,且可提供一包含其之有機電子裝置。
本發明提供一如式1所示之化合物
其中,n為2;X1
至X3
為相同或不同,且各自獨立為一三價雜原子或CH,且X1
至X3
之至少一者為一三價雜原子;Ar1
及Ar2
為相同或不同,且各自獨立為一經取代或未經取代之芳基或雜環基;L為一直接鍵結、一經取代或未經取代之亞芳基、一經取代或未經取代之亞烯基、一經取代或未經取代之伸芴基、或一經取代或未經取代且具有一選自由O、N、S及P之雜原子之雜環基;以及Ar3
選自由一經取代或未經取代之2,7-萘基、一經取代或未經取代之1,2-萘基、一經取代或未經取代之1,3-萘基、一經取代或未經取代之1,6-萘基、一經取代或未經取
代之1,7-萘基、一經取代或未經取代之1,8-萘基、一經取代或未經取代之2,3-萘基、一經取代或未經取代之3,6-芴基、及一經取代或未經取代之1,8-芴基所組成之群組。
本發明亦提供一種有機電子裝置,包括:一第一電極;一第二電極;以及一層或多層有機材料層,其係插置於該第一電極及該第二電極之間;其中,該一層或多層有機材料層包括該式1雜環化合物。
優異的效果
依據本發明之新穎化合物可使用作為一用於有機電子裝置有機材料層之材料,該有機電子裝置包括有機發光裝置。使用依據本發明之新穎化合物可改善包括有機發光裝置在內的有機電子裝置之效率,降低該裝置之驅動電壓,及/或增加裝置使用壽命。
1‧‧‧基材
2‧‧‧陽極
3‧‧‧發光層
4‧‧‧陰極
5‧‧‧電洞注入層
6‧‧‧電洞傳輸層
7‧‧‧發光層
8‧‧‧電子傳輸層
圖1係顯示一有機發光裝置之實施例,係由基材1、陽極2、發光層3及陰極4所組成。
圖2係顯示一有機發光裝置之實施例,係由基材1、陽極2、電洞注入層5、電洞傳輸層6、發光層7、電子傳輸層8及陰極4所組成。
本發明提供如式1所示之化合物。
於本發明中,三價雜原子的例子包括,但不限於,N及P。
於本發明之一實施例中,三價雜原子為N。
於本發明之一實施例中,X1
至X3
為相同或不同,且各自獨立為N或CH,且X1
至X3
之至少一者為N。
於本發明之一實施例中,n為2。
於本發明之一實施例中,當n為2,X1
至X3
、Ar1
至Ar3
及L可為相同或不同。
於本發明之一實施例中,Ar3
選自由下列結構:
其中,a、c、d及e係各自為一1至6之正整
數,b及b’係各自為一1至3之正整數,R1至R6係為相同或不同,且各自獨立為氫、氘、鹵素基團、腈基、硝基、羥基、經取代或未經取代之烷基、經取代或未經取代之環烷基、經取代或未經取代之烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之烷硫氧基、經取代或未經取代之芳硫氧基、經取代或未經取代之烷基碸基、經取代或未經取代之芳基碸基、經取代或未經取代之烯基、經取代或未經取代之矽烷基、經取代或未經取代之硼基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之烷胺基、經取代或未經取代之芳胺基、經取代或未經取代之芳基胺基、經取代或未經取代之雜芳基胺基、經取代或未經取代之芳基、經取代或未經取代之芴基、經取代或未經取代之咔唑基、或經取代或未經取代且含有至少一選自由N、O、S及P之雜原子之雜環基。
R’及R”係為相同或不同,且各自獨立選自由:氫、氘、鹵素基團、腈基、硝基、羥基、經取代或未經取代之烷基、經取代或未經取代之環烷基、經取代或未經取代之烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之烷硫氧基、經取代或未經取代之芳硫氧基、經取代或未經取代之烷基碸基、經取代或未經取代之芳基碸基、經取代或未經取代之烯基、經取代或未經取代之矽烷基、經取代或未經取代之硼基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之烷胺基、經取代或未經取代之芳胺基、經取代或未經取代之芳基胺基、經取代或未經取代之雜芳
基胺基、經取代或未經取代之芳基、經取代或未經取代之芴基、經取代或未經取代之咔唑基、或經取代或未經取代且含有至少一選自由N、O、S及P之雜原子之雜環基所組成之群組,或可與脂族環、芳香環、脂族雜環或芳香雜環形成一縮合環,或形成一螺旋連結。
於本發明中,「」意指一連接其他取代基之部分。於一實施例中,可連接至式1之L。於另一實施例中,當L為一直接鍵結,其可連接至一含有X1
至X3
之雜環。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
為相同或不同,且各自獨立為經取代或未經取代之苯基、經取代或未經取代之萘基、或經取代或未經取代之吡啶基。
於另一實施例中,L為一直接鍵結或一經取代或未經取代之伸芴基。
取代基之例子將描述如下,但不以此為限。
於本發明中,該烷基可為直鏈狀或分枝狀,且其碳原子數量並不特別限制,但較佳範圍可為1至50。烷基之具體例子包括,但不限於:甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基及庚基。
於本發明中,烯基可為直鏈狀或分枝狀,且其碳原子數量並不特別限制,但較佳範圍可為2至50。烯基
之具體例子包括,但不限於:芳基取代之烯基,例如stylbenyl基及苯乙烯基(styrenyl)。
於本發明中,烷氧基可為直鏈狀或分枝狀,且其碳原子數量並不特別限制,但較佳範圍可為1至50。
於該化合物中的烷基、烯基及烷氧基之長度不影響該化合物之組態長度,而僅影響用以塗佈該化合物至有機電子裝置之方法,例如真空沉積法或溶液塗佈法,且因此該些基團的碳原子數並不特別受限。
於本發明中,該環烷基並不特別受限,但較佳含有3至60個碳原子。環烷基之較佳例包括環戊基及環己基。
於本發明中,鹵素基團的例子包括氟、氯、溴或碘。
於本發明中,芴基(fluorenyl)具有一結構,其中,兩個環狀有機化合物透過一原子彼此連接,且其例子包括、及其類似物。
於本發明中,該芴基包括一具有透過一原子彼此相連之兩個環化合物之一者被斷鍵之結構之開放式芴基。該開放式芴基之例子包括、及其類似物。
於本發明中,胺基之碳原子數並不特別受限,但較佳範圍可為1至50。胺基之具體例子包括,但不限於:甲胺基(methylamine)、二甲胺基(dimethylamine)、乙胺基(ethylamine)、二乙胺基(diethylamine)、戊胺基(phenylamine)、萘胺基(naphthylamine)、聯苯胺基(biphenylamine)、蔥胺基(anthracenylamine)、9-甲基-蔥胺基(9-methyl-anthracenylamine)、雙苯胺基(diphenylamine)、苯基萘胺基(phenylnaphthylamine)、二甲苯胺基(ditolylamine)、苯基甲苯胺基(phenyltolylamine)及三苯胺基(triphenylamine)。
於本發明中,芳胺基的例子包括經取代或未經取代之單芳胺基(monoarylamine)、經取代或未經取代之二芳胺基(diarylamine)、或經取代或未經取代之三芳胺基(triarylamine)。芳胺基之芳基可為單環或多環芳基。該含有兩個或以上芳基之芳胺基可包括一單環芳基、一多環芳基、或該單環芳基及該多環芳基兩者。
芳胺基的具體例子包括,但不限於:苯胺基(phenylamine)、萘胺基(naphthylamine)、聯苯胺基(biphenylamine)、蔥胺基(anthracenylamine)、3-甲基-苯胺基(3-methyl-phenylamine)、4-甲基-萘胺基(4-methyl-naphthylamine)、2-甲基-聯苯胺基(2-methyl-biphenylamine)、9-甲基-蔥胺基(9-methyl-
anthracenylamine)、二苯胺基(diphenylamine)、苯基萘胺基(phenylnaphthylamine)、二甲苯胺基(ditolylamine)、苯基甲苯胺基(phenyltolylamine)、咔唑基(carbazole)及三苯胺基(triphenylamine)。
於本發明中,芳氧基(aryloxy)、芳硫氧基(arylthioxy)、芳基碸基(arylsulfoxy)及芳胺基(aralkylamine)各自之碳原子數並不特別受限,但較佳範圍為6至50。芳氧基(aryloxy)、芳硫氧基(arylthioxy)、芳基碸基(arylsulfoxy)及芳胺基(aralkylamine)各自之芳基如上述所定義。
於本發明中,烷硫氧基(alkylthioxy)、烷基碸基(alkylsulfoxy)、烷胺基(alkylamine)及芳胺基各自之烷基係如上述所定義。
於本發明中,雜芳胺基之雜芳基可選自上述所舉例之雜環基。
於本發明中,亞芳基(arylene)、伸烯基(alkenylene)、伸芴基(fluorenylene)及雜亞芳基(heteroarylene)分別為二價芳基、烯基、芴基及雜芳基(heteroaryl)。該些基團除了為二價基團外,係如上述對芳基、烯基、芴基及雜芳基之定義。
當使用於此時,術語「經取代或未經取代」意指其係經一個或多個取代基所取代,該取代基選自由下列基團所組成之群組:氘(deuterium)、鹵素基團(halogen)、烷
基(alkyl)、烯基(alkenyl)、烷氧基(alkoxy)、環烷基(cycloalkyl)、矽烷基(silyl)、芳烯基(arylalkenyl)、芳基(aryl)、芳氧基(aryloxy)、芳硫氧基(alkylthioxy)、烷基碸基(alkylsulfoxy)、芳基碸基(arylsulfoxy)、硼基(boron)、烷胺基(alkylamine)、芳烷胺基(aralkylamine)、芳胺基(arylamine)、雜芳基(heteroaryl)、咔唑基(carbazole)、芳胺基(arylamine)、芴基(fluorenyl)、腈基(nitrile)、硝基(nitro)、烴基(hydroxyl)、氰基(cyano)及含有至少一選自N、O、S及P之雜原子之雜環基(heterocyclic)。
本發明提供一如上述式1所示化合物之新穎雜環化合物。該化合物因其結構特殊性可使用於一有機電子裝置中的有機材料層。
於一實施例中,Ar3
為一經取代或未經取代之2,7-萘基、一經取代或未經取代之1,8-萘基、一經取代或未經取代之1,6-萘基、一經取代或未經取代之1,7-萘基、或一經取代或未經取代之3,6-芴基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar3
為一2,7-萘基。
於另一實施例中,Ar3
為一1,8-萘基。
於又一實施例中,Ar3
為一1,7-萘基。
於又一實施例中,Ar3
為一1,6-萘基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar3
為一3,6-芴基。在此情況中,作為電子施體之化合物之功效可進一步提高以改
善電子傳輸及注入一發光層之效率。據此,該化合物可具有優異的電壓及效率之特性。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar3
為一經芳基取代之2,7-萘基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar3
為一經苯基取代之2,7-萘基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar3
為一經芳基取代之1,8-萘基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar3
為一經苯基取代之1,8-萘基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar3
為一經芳基取代之1,7-萘基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar3
為一經苯基取代之1,7-萘基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar3
為一經芳基取代之1,6-萘基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar3
為一經苯基取代之1,6-萘基。
於本發明一實施例中,式1所示化合物為下式1-a、1-b、1-c、1-d及1-e所示任一者:式1-a
式1-c
式1-e
其中,Ar1
、Ar2
、L及X1
至X3
如式1所定義,Ar1
'、Ar2
、L'及X1
'至X3
'分別與Ar1
、Ar2
、L及X1
至X3
之定義相同,且R1至R6、a、b、b'、c、d及e如上述定義。
於本發明一實施例中,X1
至X3
之至少一者係為一三價雜原子。
具體而言,於本發明一實施例中,X1
至X3
之至少一者係為N或P。
於本發明一實施例中,X1
至X3
可全部為N。
於本發明一實施例中,X1
可為N,且X2
及X3
可為CH。
於本發明一實施例中,X2
可為N,且X1
及X3
可為CH。
於本發明一實施例中,X3
可為N,且X1
及X2
可為CH。
於本發明一實施例中,X1
及X2
可為N。在此情況下,X3
為CH。
於本發明一實施例中,X1
及X3
可為N。在此情況下,X2
為CH。
於本發明一實施例中,X2
及X3
可為N。在此情況下,X1
為CH。
於本發明一實施例中,當式1中的n為2時,連接至Ar3
之結構可為相同或不同。
於本發明另一實施例中,式1中的Ar1
及Ar2
可為經取代或未經取代之芳基或雜芳基。
具體而言,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不同,且可各自獨立為經取代或未經取代之苯基、經取代或未經取代之聯苯基、經取代或未經取代之吡啶基、或經取代或未經取代之萘基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不同,且可各自獨立為經烷基取代之苯基、經烷氧基取代之苯基、經鹵素取代之苯基或經三氟取代之苯基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不同,且可各自獨立為經烷基取代之聯苯基、經烷氧基取代之聯苯基、經鹵素取代之聯苯基或經三氟取代之聯苯基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不
同,且可各自獨立為經烷基取代之吡啶基、經烷氧基取代之吡啶基、經鹵素取代之吡啶基或經三氟取代之吡啶基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不同,且可各自獨立為經烷基取代之苯基、經烷氧基取代之萘基、經鹵素取代之萘基或經三氟取代之萘基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不同,且可各自獨立為經甲基取代之苯基、經甲氧基取代之苯基、經氟取代之苯基或經三氟取代之苯基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不同,且可各自獨立為、或,其中R0
可為選自由烷基、烷氧基、鹵素及三氟基所組成之群組。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不同,且可各自獨立為經甲基取代之聯苯基、經甲氧基取代之聯苯基、經氟取代之聯苯基或經三氟取代之聯苯基。
於本發明一實施例中,,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不同,且可各自獨立為經甲基取代之吡啶基、經甲氧基取代之吡啶基、經氟取代之吡啶基或經三氟取代之吡啶基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不同,且可各自獨立為經甲基取代之萘基、經甲氧基取代之
萘基、經氟取代之萘基或經三氟取代之萘基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不同,且可各自獨立為苯基、聯苯基、吡啶基、或萘基。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不同,且可各自獨立為。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不同,且可各自獨立為。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不同,且可各自獨立為。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不同,且可各自獨立為。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不同,且可各自獨立為。
於本發明一實施例中,Ar1
及Ar2
可為相同或不
同,且可各自獨立為。
於本發明中,「」意指Ar1
及Ar2
連接至包含式1之X1
至X3
之雜環。
於本發明另一實施例中,L可為一直接鍵結、一經取代或未經取代之亞芳基、一經取代或未經取代之伸烯基、一經取代或未經取代之伸芴基、或一經取代或未經取代且具有一選自由O、N、S及P之雜原子之雜環基。
具體而言,L可為一直接鍵結、一經取代或未經取代之亞苯基、一經取代或未經取代之萘基(naphthalene)、一經取代或未經取代之伸芴基、一經取代或未經取代之亞吡啶基(pyridylene)、或一經取代或未經取代之亞聯苯基(biphenylene)。
於本發明一實施例中,L可為亞苯基、萘基、伸芴基、亞吡啶基、或亞聯苯基。
於本發明一實施例中,L可為直接鍵結。
於本發明一實施例中,L可為亞苯基。具體而言,L可為。於另一實施例中,L可為。於此,「」意指L連接至包含式1之X1
至X3
之雜環或Ar3
。
於本發明一實施例中,式1所示化合物為下列化合物1-a-1至1-a-16、2-a-1至2-a-11、3-a-1至3-a-4、1-b-1至1-b-16、2-b-1至2-b-11、3-b-1至3-b-4、1-c-1至1-c-16、2-c-1至2-c-11、3-c-1至3-c-4、1-d-1至1-d-16、2-d-1至2-d-11、3-d-1至3-d-4、1-e-1至1-e-10、及2-e-1至2-e-8之任一者。
於本發明一實施例中,式1-a所示化合物為下列化合物1-a-1至1-a-16、2-a-1至2-a-11及3-a-1至3-a-4之任一者:
於本發明一實施例中,式1-b所示化合物為下列化合物1-b-1至1-b-16、2-b-1至2-b-11及3-b-1至3-b-4之任一者:
於本發明一實施例中,式1-c所示化合物為下列化合物1-c-1至1-c-16、2-c-1至2-c-11及3-c-1至3-c-4之任一者:
於本發明一實施例中,式1-d所示化合物為下列化合物1-d-1至1-d-16、2-d-1至2-d-11及3-d-1至3-d-4
之任一者:
於本發明一實施例中,式1-e所示化合物為下
列化合物1-e-1至1-e-10及2-e-1至2-e-8之任一者:
由於導入各種取代基至如式1所示之核心結構之雜環結構中,式1化合物可具有適當的特性以使用作為有機電子裝置中的一有機材料層。
化合物之組態長度及能帶間隙彼此具有密切的關係。具體而言,當化合物組態長度增加時,能帶間隙係減少。如上所述,式1化合物之核心結構具有一限定的組態長度,從而具有一高的能帶間隙。
於本發明中,可透過導入各種取代基於如上所述之具有高能帶間隙之核心結構之Ar1
至Ar3
及R1至R6之位置以合成具有各種能帶間隙之化合物。一般而言,可輕易地透過於具有高能帶間隙之核心結構導入取代基以控制能帶間隙。然而,當核心結構具有低能帶間隙時,其將難以透過將取代基導入該核心結構以控制能帶間隙而達到一高能階。此外,於本發明中,也可透過導入各種取代基至上述核心結構之Ar1
至Ar3
及R1至R6之位置以控制該化合物之HOMO及LUMO能階。
再者,當各種取代基被導入上述核心結構,可合成具有被導入之取代基之本質特性之化合物。舉例而言,當主要使用於作為有機電子裝置之電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、發光層、電子傳輸層之材料之取代基被導入上述核心結構時,可合成滿足作為每一有機材料層所需條件之材料。
因為式1化合物在該核心結構中包括該雜環結構,其可具有適當的能階以使用於一有機發光裝置中作為一電洞注入材料及/或電洞傳輸材料。於本發明中,當由導
入其中之取代基貢獻而使選自由式1之化合物具有適當能階並使用於一有機發光裝置時,該裝置可具有低驅動電壓及高光學效率。
此外,當各種取代基,特別是氫或氘,被導入該核心結構中,其能帶間隙可被精確地控制,同時有機電子裝置中的有機材料間的介面之特性可被改善且式1化合物可使用於各種應用中。
同時,因式1化合物具有高玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)而具有優異的熱安定性。熱安定性之提高係為提供一裝置驅動穩定性之重要因子。
式1化合物可基於下述準備例而製得。
式1雜環化合物可透過以Ar1
,Ar2
及L取代包括X1
至X3
之式1雜環,接著將兩個經取代包括X1
至X3
的雜環鍵結至Ar3
而準備。
除了式1-a-1至1-a-16、2-a-1至2-a-11、3-a-1至3-a-4、1-b-1至1-b-16、2-b-1至2-b-11、3-b-1至3-b-4、1-c-1至1-c-16、2-c-1至2-c-11、3-c-1至3-c-4、1-d-1至1-d-16、2-d-1至2-d-11、3-d-1至3-d-4、1-e-1至1-e-10及2-e-1至2-e-8所示化合物,其他式1所示化合物可透過改變X1
至X3
之雜原子數及Ar1
至Ar3
及L之取代基而製備。
本發明也提供一包含式1化合物之有機電子裝置。
於本發明一實施例中,該有機電子裝置可具有包括第一電極、第二電極及插置於該第一電極及該第二電極之間之一或多層有機材料層之結構。
該有機電子裝置可選自由有機發光裝置、有機太陽能電池、及有機電晶體所組成之群組。
於本發明一實施例中,該有機電子裝置可為有機發光裝置。
於本發明一實施例中提供一有機發光裝置,其包括:第一電極;第二電極;以及插置於該第一電極及該第二電極之間之一層或多層有機材料層;其中,該一層或多層有機材料層包括式1所示之雜環化合物。
依據本發明之有機發光裝置之有機材料層可具有一單層結構或一由兩層以上組成之多層結構。舉例而言,依據本發明之有機發光裝置可具有包括有機材料層之結構,該有機材料層包含電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、發光層、電子傳輸層及電子注入層。然而,該有機發光裝置之結構並不僅限於此,且可包含一較少數量之有機材料層。
因此,於本發明另一實施例中,該有機發光裝置之有機材料層可包括一或多層之電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層及一同時進行電洞注入及電洞傳輸之層,且該一或多層可包括如式1所示化合物。
具體而言,該有機發光裝置之有機材料層可包
括有如式1所示化合物之一電洞注入層。於另一實施例中,該有機發光裝置之有機材料層可包括有如式1所示化合物之一電洞傳輸層。於又一實施例中,該有機發光裝置之有機材料層可包括一電洞傳輸層及一電洞注入層,其中,該電洞傳輸層及該電洞注入層可包括如式1所示化合物。
此外,該有機材料層可包括一發光層,其中,該發光層可包含式1所示化合物。於一實施例中,式1所示化合物可被包含於該發光層中以作為主發光體。於另一實施例中,包含式1所示化合物之有機材料層可包括作為主發光體之式1化合物,且可包括其他作為摻雜劑之有機化合物、金屬或金屬化合物。
此外,該有機材料層包括一或多層之電子傳輸層、電子注入層或一同時進行電子傳輸及電子注入之層,其中該一或多層可包括式1所示化合物。
具體而言,該有機發光裝置之有機材料層可包括一電子注入層,其中,該電子注入層可包括式1所示化合物。於另一實施例中,該有機發光裝置之有機材料層可包括一電子傳輸層,其中,該電子傳輸層可包括式1所示化合物。於又一實施例中,該有機發光裝置之有機材料層可包括一電子傳輸層及一電子注入層,其中,該電子傳輸層及該電子注入層可包括式1所示化合物。
在此多層有機層結構中,式1所示化合物可包
含於該發光層、同時進行電洞注入、電洞傳輸及發光之層、同時進行電洞傳輸及發光之層、或同時進行電子傳輸及發光之層。
於另一實施例中,除了包含式1所示雜環組成物之外,該有機發光裝置之有機材料層可包括一電洞注入層或電洞傳輸層,且其中該電洞注入層或電洞傳輸層包括一含有芳胺基(arylamino)、咔唑基(carbazole)或苯並咔唑基(benzcarbazole)。
於本發明一實施例中,該有機電子裝置可為有機太陽能電池。
於本發明一實施例中,提供一有機太陽能電池,其包括:第一電極;第二電極;以及一層或多層有機材料層,其包括插置於該第一電極及該第二電極之間之一光敏層;其中,該一層或多層之有機材料層包括式1所示雜環化合物。
於本發明一實施例中,該有機太陽能電池可包括一電子傳輸層,其中,該電子傳輸層可包括如式1所示化合物。
於另一實施例中,該光敏層可包括如式1所示化合物。
於又一實施例中,該有機太陽能電池可包括一光敏層、一電子施體及一電子受體,其中,該光敏層、該
電子施體及該電子受體可包括如式1所示化合物。
於本發明一實施例中,當該有機太陽能電池接收一來自外部光源的光子時,於電子施體及電子受體間產生一電子及一電洞。所產生的電洞穿過電子受體層被傳輸至陽極。
於本發明一實施例中,該有機太陽能電池可更包括一額外的有機材料層。該有機太陽能電池可包括一具有各種功能之材料以降低其中的有機材料層之數量。
於本發明一實施例中,該有機電子裝置可為一有機電晶體。
於本發明一實施例中,提供一有機電晶體,其包括:一源極;一汲極;一閘極;以及一層或多層有機材料層。
於本發明一實施例中,該有機電晶體可包括一電荷產生層,其中,該電荷產生層可包括式1所示化合物。
於本發明另一實施例中,該有機電晶體可包括一絕緣層,其中,該絕緣層可設置於一基材及閘極上。
當有機電子裝置包括有多層有機材料層時,該些有機材料層可利用相同或是不同的材料形成。
於本發明一實施例中,該有機電子裝置可具有如圖1及圖2所示之結構,但不以此為限。
圖1係具有一基材1、一陽極2、一發光層3
及一陰極4依序設置之結構之有機電子裝置示意圖。在此結構中,式1化合物可包含於該發光層3中。
圖2係具有一基材1、一陽極2、一電洞注入層5、一電洞傳輸層6、一發光層7、一電子傳輸層8及一陰極4係依序設置之結構之有機電子裝置示意圖。在此結構中,式1所示化合物可包含於電洞注入層5、電洞傳輸層6、發光層7、及電子傳輸層8之一或多層中。
依據本發明之有機電子裝置,除了其中之有機材料層之一層或多層可包括本發明之化合物(即,式1化合物)外,可使用本領域習知的材料及方法製造。
舉例而言,依據本發明之有機電子裝置可透過依序設置第一電極、一或多層有機材料層及第二電極於一基材上而製得。具體而言,該有機電子裝置可透過:使用物理氣相沉積法(如濺鍍或電子束蒸鍍)沉積一金屬、一導電金屬氧化物或其合金於一基材上以形成一陽極;形成有機材料層於該陽極上,該發光層包括電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、發光層及電子傳輸層;接著,於其上沉積可用以形成一陰極之材料。此外,該有機電子裝置也可透過依序設置一陰極材料、一或多層有機材料層及一陽極材料於該基材上而製造。
此外,於該有機電子裝置之製造過程中,除了物理氣相沉積法之外,式1化合物可透過溶液塗佈法形成
於一有機材料層中。在此術語「溶液塗佈法」意指旋塗、浸塗、刮刀塗佈、噴墨印刷、網版印刷、噴灑、輥塗佈或其類似方式,但並不以此為限。
此外,該有機電子裝置也可透過於一基材上依序沉積一陰極材料、有機材料層及陽極材料而製得(國際專利案公開號WO2003/012890)。然而,該製造方法並不限於上述方法。
該陽極材料較佳為一具有高功函數之材料,從而電洞可輕易地注入該有機材料層。可使用於本發明之陽極材料之具體例子包括,但不限於:金屬,如釩(vanadium)、鉻(chromium)、銅(copper)、鋅(zinc)或金(gold)或其合金;金屬氧化物,如氧化鋅(zinc oxide)、氧化銦(indium oxide)、氧化銦錫(indium tin oxide,ITO)或氧化銦鋅(indium zinc oxide,IZO);金屬/氧化物組合物(metal/oxide combinations),如ZnO:Al或SNO2
:Sb;及導電高分子,如聚(3-甲基噻吩)(poly(3-methylthiophene))、聚[3,4-(亞乙基-1,2-二氧基)噻吩(poly[3,4-(ethylene-1,2-dioxy)thiophene],PEDOT)、聚吡咯(polypyrrole)和聚苯胺(polyaniline)。
該陰極材料較佳可為一具有低功函數之材料,從而電子可輕易注入該有機材料層。陰極材料之具體例子包括,但不限於:金屬,如鎂(magnesium)、鈣(calcium)、鈉(sodium)、鉀(potassium)、鈦(titanium)、銦(indium)、釔(yttrium)、
鋰(lithium)、釓(gadolinium)、鋁(aluminum)、銀(silver)、錫(tin)和鉛(lead),或其合金;及多層材料,如LiF/Al或LiO2
/Al。
該電洞注入材料可為一可在一低電壓下輕易接收從來自陽極之電洞,並且該電洞注入材料之HOMO(最高佔據分子軌域)較佳界於該陽極材料之功函數及周圍有機材料層之HOMO間。該電洞注入材料之具體例子包括,但不限於:金屬卟啉(metal porphyrin)、低聚噻吩(oligothiophene)、基於芳基胺的有機材料、六腈六氮雜苯並菲(hexanitrile hexaazatriphenylene)、和喹吖啶酮(quinacridone)系有機材料,二萘嵌苯(perylene)系有機材料,蒽醌(anthraquinone),基於聚苯胺(polyaniline)系或聚噻吩(polythiophene)導電高分子及其類似物。
該電洞傳輸材料較佳為一具有高電洞遷移性之材料,其係能夠將電洞從該陽極或該電洞注入層轉移至該發光層。該電洞傳輸材料之具體例子包括,但不限於:基於芳基胺的有機材料、導電高分子、及具有共軛部分及非共軛部分之嵌段共聚物。
該發光材料為一能夠輕易接收來自電洞傳輸層及來自電子傳輸層之電子及電洞並結合所接收的電洞及電子而能夠發射可見光之材料,且較佳為一具有對於螢光及磷光之高量子效率之材料。該發光材料之具體例子包括,
但不限於:8-羥基喹啉鋁複合物(8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum complex,Alg3);咔唑(carbazole)系化合物;二聚化(dimerized)的苯乙烯基(styryl)化合物;BAlq;10-羥基苯並喹啉(10-hydroxybenzoquinoline)金屬化合物;苯並噁唑(benzoxazole)系、苯並噻唑(benzthiazole)系和苯並咪唑(benzimidazole)系化合物;聚(對亞苯基亞乙烯基)(poly(p-phenylenevinylene),PPV)系高分子;螺環化合物(spiro compounds),如聚芴(polyfluorene)和紅熒烯(rubrene)的化合物。
電子傳輸材料為一能夠輕易接收來自陰極的電子並傳輸所接收的墊子至該發光層之材料。其較佳為一具有高電子遷移性之材料。電子傳輸材料的具體例子包括,但不限於:8-羥基喹啉鋁複合物(8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum complex,Alg3
);含有Alg3
之複合物;有機自由基化合物;及羥基黃酮金屬複合物(hydroxyflavone-metal complexes)。
根據所使用的材料,依據本發明之有機電子裝置可為一前側發光型、一後側發光型或一兩側發光型。
實施例
以下,將參照準備例及實驗例更詳細描述本發明,但本發明之範疇並不限於該準備例及該實驗例。
準備例
準備例1:化合物1-a-1之製備
1)化合物1-A之合成
在氮氣氣氛下,懸浮鎂(9.7g,0.40mol)及碘(1.02g,8mmol)於80ml之無水四氫呋喃溶劑中以準備一懸浮液,並將於150ml無水四氫呋喃溶劑之溴苯(bromobenzene,62.8g,0.4mol)溶液緩慢地滴入至該懸浮液1小時以上。加熱迴流該混合物3小時。冷卻該混合物至室溫,接著在迴流下攪拌該混合物並緩慢滴入一於150ml無水四氫呋喃溶劑之1,3,5-三氯三嗪(1,3,5-trichlorotriazine,27.6g,0.15mol)溶液至該混合物約5小時。於該反應完成後,透過在減壓下蒸餾以移除反應溶液中的有機溶劑,並且從乙醇中再結晶該殘餘物,從而獲得化合物1-A(39g,產率:73.5%)。
MS[M+H]+
=268
2)化合物1-B之合成
[化合物1-A] [化合物1-B]
在氮氣氣氛下,化合物1-A(37.1g,0.14mol)及4-氯苯基硼酸(4-chlorophenylboronic acid,23.8g,0.15mol)完全地溶解於150ml四氫呋喃中,接著將80ml之2M碳酸鉀水溶液加入其中並且加入四(三苯基磷)鈀(tetrakis-(triphenylphosphine)palladium,3.2g,2.7mmol)。然後,加熱攪拌該混合物5小時。降低該混合物溫度至室溫,並移除水相層。以無水硫酸鎂乾燥並減壓濃縮該殘餘物,並且使用四氫呋喃:己烷=1:6,透過管柱層析法純化以獲得化合物1-B(34g,產率:72%)。
MS[M+H]+
=344
3)化合物1-C之合成
[化合物1-B] [化合物1-C]
在氮氣氣氛下,化合物1-B(34g,98.9mmol)、雙(頻哪醇)二硼(bis(pinacolate)diboron,27.6g,108mmol)及醋酸鉀(29.1g,296mmol)彼此混合,並且將該混合物加入100ml之二惡烷中,加熱攪拌。雙(二亞芐基丙酮)鈀(Bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium,1.7g,2.94mmol)和三環己基膦(tricyclohexylphosphine,1.6g,5.9mmol)係在迴流及加熱攪拌下加入至該混合物10小時。於該反應完成後,冷卻該反應溶液至室溫並過濾。濾液係加至水中並以氯仿萃取,該有機層係以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。將上述製得的材料於減壓下蒸餾並於乙醇中再結晶,從而獲得化合物1-C(35g,產率:81%)。
MS[M+H]+
=436
4)化合物1-a-1之合成
[化合物1-C] [化合物1-a-1]
將化合物1-C(16.4g,37.7mmol)及2,7-二溴萘(2,7-dibromonaphthalene,5.1g,17.9mmol)完全溶解於四氫呋喃(50ml)中,並將2M碳酸鉀水溶液(30ml)及四(三苯基磷)鈀(tetrakistriphenyl-phosphine palladium,400mg,0.34mmol)係加入其中。加熱攪拌該混合物2小時。接著,將該混合物冷卻至室溫以完成該反應,於移除其中的碳酸鉀後並濾出白色固體。利用四氫呋喃及乙醇將該白色固體各清洗一次,以獲得化合物1-a-1(12.0g,產率:92%)。
MS[M+H]+
=743
準備例2:化合物1-a-7之製備
1)化合物2-A之合成
在氮氣氣氛下,將化合物1-A(30.0g,0.11mol)及3-氯苯基硼酸(3-chlorophenylboronic acid,19.2g,0.12mol)完
全溶解於200ml四氫呋喃中,接著將2M碳酸鉀水溶液(100ml)及四(三苯基磷)鈀(tetrakis-(triphenylphosphine)palladium,2.5g,2.2mmol)加入其中。加熱攪拌該混合物6小時。接著,將該混合物之溫度降至室溫並移除水相層。利用無水硫酸鎂乾燥該殘餘物,接著減壓濃縮並以四氫呋喃:己烷=1:6透過管柱層析法純化以獲得化合物2-A(31g,產率:82%)。
MS[M+H]+
=344
2)化合物2-B之合成
在氮氣氣氛下,將化合物2-A(14.5g,42.2mmol)、雙(頻哪醇)二硼(bis(pinacolate)diboron,12.9g,50.6mmol)及醋酸鉀(12.3g,1236mmol)彼此混合,並且將該混合物加入100ml之二惡烷中,並加熱攪拌。將雙(二亞芐基丙酮)鈀(Bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium,727mg,1.26
mmol)和三環己基膦(tricyclohexylphosphine,709mg,2.52mmol)於迴流及加熱攪拌下加入至該混合物中持續10小時。於該反應完成後,使該反應溶液冷卻至室溫並過濾。濾液係加至水中並以氯仿萃取,該有機層係以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。將上述製得的材料於減壓下蒸餾,並接著於乙醇中再結晶,從而獲得化合物2-B(17g,產率:94%)。
MS[M+H]+
=436
3)化合物1-a-7之合成
將化合物2-B(17.3g,39.7mmol)及2,7-二溴萘(2,7-dibromonaphthalene,5.4g,18.9mmol)完全溶解於50ml四氫呋喃中,然後將2M碳酸鉀水溶液(30ml)及四(三苯基磷)鈀(tetrakistriphenyl-phosphine palladium,436mg,0.37mmol)加入其中。加熱攪拌該混合物2小時。接著將該混合物冷卻至室溫以完成該反應,然後移除碳酸鉀溶液並濾出白色固體。利用四氫呋喃及乙醇將該白色固體各清洗一次,從而獲得化合物1-a-7(12.2g,產率:87%)。
MS[M+H]+
=743
準備例3:化合物2-a-1之製備
1)化合物3-A之合成
除了以4-氯-2,6-二苯基嘧啶(4-chloro-2,6-diphenylpyrimidine)取代化合物1-A之外,化合物3-A係以如化合物1-B之相同方式準備。
MS[M+H]+
=343
2)化合物3-B之合成
除了以化合物3-A取代化合物1-A之外,化合物3-B係以如化合物1-C之相同方式準備。
MS[M+H]+
=435
3)化合物2-a-1之合成
除了以化合物3-B取代化合物1-C之外,化合物2-a-1係以如化合物1-a-1之相同方式準備。
MS[M+H]+
=741
準備例4:化合物2-a-8之製備
1)化合物4-A之合成
除了以3-氯-2,6-二苯基嘧啶(3-chloro-2,6-diphenylpyrimidine)取代化合物1-A之外,化合物4-A係以如化合物1-B之相同方式準備。
MS[M+H]+
=341
2)化合物4-B之合成
除了以化合物4-A取代化合物1-B之外,化合物4-B係以如化合物1-C之相同方式準備。
MS[M+H]+
=435
3)化合物2-a-8之合成
除了以化合物4-B取代化合物1-C之外,化合物2-a-8係以如化合物1-a-1之相同方式準備。
MS[M+H]+
=741
準備例5:化合物1-b-1之製備
1)化合物1-b-1之合成
除了以1,8-二溴萘(1,8-dibromonaphthalene)取代2,7-二溴萘之外,化合物1-b-1係以如化合物1-a-1之相同方式準備。
MS[M+H]+
=743
準備例6:化合物1-c-1之製備
1)化合物1-c-1之合成
除了以1,6-二溴萘(1,6-dibromonaphthalene)取代2,7-二溴萘之外,化合物1-c-1係以如化合物1-a-1之相
同方式準備。
MS[M+H]+
=743
準備例7:化合物1-d-1之製備
1)化合物1-d-1之合成
除了以1,7-二溴萘(1,7-dibromonaphthalene)取代2,7-二溴萘之外,化合物1-d-1係以如化合物1-a-1之相同方式準備。
MS[M+H]+
=743
準備例8:化合物1-e-1之製備
1)化合物1-e-1之合成
除了以3,6-二溴-9,9-二甲基-9H-芴
(3,6-dibromo-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene)取代2,7-二溴萘之外,化合物1-e-1係以如化合物1-a-1之相同方式準備。
MS[M+H]+
=809
實驗例1
將一塗佈有1000Å厚度之氧化銦錫(ITO,indium tin oxide)之玻璃置於含有洗滌劑之二次水中並以超音波清洗。於此,洗滌劑係為Fisher公司所製造之產品,且該二次水係經一過濾器(Millipore公司)過濾兩次。於持續清洗該ITO30分鐘後,再於二次水中以超音波清洗10分鐘並重覆此步驟兩次。於二次水清洗完成後,以一溶劑(如異丙醇、丙酮、甲醇或其類似物)超音波清洗該基材並接著乾燥之,之後將其送入一電漿清洗器。接著,該基材係以氧氣電漿清洗5分鐘,然後輸送至一真空蒸鍍機。
如上述所製造之透明ITO電極上,具有如下式之六氮雜苯並菲(hexaazatriphenylene,HAT)係透過熱蒸鍍沉積法沉積500Å之厚度以形成一電洞注入層。
於該電洞注入層上,作為一電洞傳輸材料且具
有下式之4-4'-雙[N-(1-萘基)-N-苯基氨基]聯苯(4-4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl),係利用真空沉積400Å之厚度已形成一電洞傳輸層。
於該電洞傳輸層上,將具有下式之BH及BD之25:1(w/w)混合物真空沉積300Å之厚度以形成一發光層。
於該發光層上,如上所示準備例1準備之化合物1-a-1及喹啉鋰(lithium quinolate,LiQ)之1:1(w/w)混合物係利用真空沉積300Å之厚度以形成一電子注入及電子傳輸層。於該電子注入及電子傳輸層上,氟化鋰(lithium fluoride,LiF)及鋁係依序分別沉積12Å及2,000Å之厚度以形成一陰極。
於上述有機發光裝置之製造過程中,有機材料之沉積速率係保持在0.4-0.7Å/sec,用於陰極之氟化鋰及鋁的沉積速率係分別保持在0.3Å/sec及2Å/sec,且於沉積過程之真空強度係保持在2 x 10-7
至5 x 10-6
torr。
實驗例2
除了以化合物1-a-7取代化合物1-a-1之外,係以如實驗例1所述相同方法製造一有機發光裝置。
實驗例3
除了以化合物2-a-1取代化合物1-a-1之外,係以如實驗例1所述相同方法製造一有機發光裝置。
實驗例4
除了以化合物2-a-8取代化合物1-a-1之外,係
以如實驗例1所述相同方法製造一有機發光裝置。
實驗例5
除了以化合物1-b-1取代化合物1-a-1之外,係以如實驗例1所述相同方法製造一有機發光裝置。
實驗例6
除了以化合物1-c-1取代化合物1-a-1之外,係以如實驗例1所述相同方法製造一有機發光裝置。
實驗例7
除了以化合物1-d-1取代化合物1-a-1之外,係以如實驗例1所述相同方法製造一有機發光裝置。
實驗例8
除了以化合物1-e-1取代化合物1-a-1之外,係以如實驗例1所述相同方法製造一有機發光裝置。
比較例1
除了以下式化合物ET1取代化合物1-a-1之外,係以如實驗例1所述相同方法製造一有機發光裝置。
[ET1]
比較例2
除了以下式化合物ET2取代化合物1-a-1之外,係以如實驗例1所述相同方法製造一有機發光裝置。
比較例3
除了以下式化合物ET3取代化合物1-a-1之外,係以如實驗例1所述相同方法製造一有機發光裝置。
[ET3]
比較例4
除了以下式化合物ET4取代化合物1-a-1之外,係以如實驗例1所述相同方法製造一有機發光裝置。
當將電流施加於實驗例1至8及比較例1至4中所製造之有機發裝置時,係獲得如下表1所示之結果。
如上述表1所示,實驗例1至4及比較例2間的比較結果顯示:相較於當Ar3
為2,6-萘基之時,於Ar3
為2,7-萘基的情況下具有優異的傳輸及注入電子的能力。
如上述表1所示,實驗例5及比較例2間的比較結果顯示:相較於當Ar3
為2,6-萘基之時,於Ar3
為1,8-萘基的情況下具有優異的傳輸及注入電子的能力。
如上述表1所示,實驗例6及比較例2間的比較結果顯示:相較於當Ar3
為2,6-萘基之時,於Ar3
為1,6-萘基的情況下具有優異的傳輸及注入電子的能力。
如上述表1所示,實驗例7及比較例2間的比較結果顯示:相較於當Ar3
為2,6-萘基之時,於Ar3
為1,7-萘基的情況下具有優異的傳輸及注入電子的能力。
如上述表1所示,實驗例8及比較例3間的比
較結果顯示:相較於當Ar3
為2,7-芴基之時,於Ar3
為3,6-芴基的情況下具有優異的傳輸及注入電子的能力。
上述表1中的結果指出依據本發明之化合物具有優異的傳輸及注入電子之能力,建議其可應用於一有機發光裝置中。
1‧‧‧基材
2‧‧‧陽極
3‧‧‧發光層
4‧‧‧陰極
Claims (24)
- 一種雜環化合物,係如下式1所示:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之雜環化合物,其中,X1 至X3 係為相同或不同,且各自獨立為N或CH,且X1 至X3 之至少一者係為N。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之雜環化合物,其中,Ar3 係選自由下列結構之任一者:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之雜環化合物,其中,Ar1 及Ar2 係為相同或不同,且各自獨立為經取代或未經取代之苯基、經取代或未經取代之萘基、經取代或未經取代之聯苯基、或經取代或未經取代之吡啶基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之雜環化合物,其中,L係為一直接鍵結或一經取代或未經取代之伸芴基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之雜環化合物,其中,式1所示化合物係為下列化合物1-a-1至1-a-16、及2-a-1至2-a-11化合物之任一者:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之雜環化合物,其中,式1所示化合物係為下列化合物1-b-1至1-b-16、及2-b-1至2-b-11化合物之任一者:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之雜環化合物,其中,式1所示化合物係為下列化合物1-c-1至1-c-16、2-c-1至2-c-11及3-c-1至3-c-4化合物之任一者:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之雜環化合物,其中,式1所示化合物係為下列化合物1-d-1至1-d-16、及2-d-1至2-d-11化合物之任一者:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之雜環化合物,其中,式1所示化合物係為下列化合物1-e-1至1-e-10及2-e-1至2-e-8之任一者:
- 一種有機電子裝置,包括:一第一電極;一第二電極;以及一層或多層有機材料層,其係插置於該第一電極及該第二電極之間;其中,該一層或多層有機材料層包括如申請專利範圍第1至10項任一項所述之雜環化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之有機電子裝置,其中,該有機電子裝置係選自由有機發光裝置、有機太陽能電池、及有機電晶體所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之有機電子裝置,其中,該有機電子裝置係為一有機發光裝置,其包括:該第一電 極;該第二電極;以及一層或多層有機材料層,其係插置於該第一電極及該第二電極之間;其中,該一層或多層有機材料層包括該雜環化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之有機電子裝置,其中,該有機材料層包括一電洞注入層或一電洞傳輸層,其係包含該雜環化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之有機電子裝置,其中,該有機材料層包括一發光層,且該發光層包含作為主發光體之該雜環化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之有機電子裝置,其中,該有機材料層包括一電子傳輸層,且該電子傳輸層包含該雜環化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之有機電子裝置,其中,除了包含該雜環化合物之該有機材料層,該有機材料層包括一電洞注入層或一電洞傳輸層,其包含芳胺基、咔唑基或苯並咔唑基。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之有機電子裝置,其中,該包含該雜環化合物之有機材料層包括該作為主發光體之該雜環化合物,且包括其他作為摻雜劑之有機化合物、金屬或金屬化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之有機電子裝置,其中,該有機電子裝置係為一有機太陽能電池,其包括:該第一電極;該第二電極;以及一層或多層有機材料層,其包括 一光敏層且插置於該第一電極及該第二電極之間;其中,該一層或多層有機材料層包括該雜環化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項所述之有機電子裝置,其中,該有機材料層包括一包含該雜環化合物之電子傳輸層。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項所述之有機電子裝置,其中,該有機材料層包括一包含該雜環化合物之光敏層。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項所述之有機電子裝置,其中,該有機材料層包括一電子施體及一電子受體,該電子施體或該電子受體包括該雜環化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之有機電子裝置,其中,該有機電子裝置係為一有機電晶體,其包括:一源極;一汲極;一閘極;以及一層或多層有機材料層;其中,該一層或多層有機材料層包括該雜環化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之有機電子裝置,其中,該有機材料層包括一包含該雜環化合物之電荷產生層。
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US9412954B2 (en) | 2016-08-09 |
JP6122112B2 (ja) | 2017-04-26 |
WO2014010823A1 (ko) | 2014-01-16 |
KR20140009919A (ko) | 2014-01-23 |
KR20140009918A (ko) | 2014-01-23 |
TW201406755A (zh) | 2014-02-16 |
US20150162543A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
JP2015524797A (ja) | 2015-08-27 |
EP2873666B1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
KR101508424B1 (ko) | 2015-04-07 |
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