TWI374600B - Cooling system for variable speed drives and inductors - Google Patents
Cooling system for variable speed drives and inductors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI374600B TWI374600B TW097103514A TW97103514A TWI374600B TW I374600 B TWI374600 B TW I374600B TW 097103514 A TW097103514 A TW 097103514A TW 97103514 A TW97103514 A TW 97103514A TW I374600 B TWI374600 B TW I374600B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- cooling device
- cooling
- power
- inductor
- magnetic core
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
- H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
- H02K19/04—Synchronous motors for single-phase current
- H02K19/06—Motors having windings on the stator and a variable-reluctance soft-iron rotor without windings, e.g. inductor motors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/50—Reduction of harmonics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/2089—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for power electronics, e.g. for inverters for controlling motor
- H05K7/20936—Liquid coolant with phase change
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
- H02M1/123—Suppression of common mode voltage or current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the converter used
- H02P2201/03—AC-DC converter stage controlled to provide a defined DC link voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/085—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal
- H03L7/093—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal using special filtering or amplification characteristics in the loop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/085—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal
- H03L7/095—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal using a lock detector
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
- Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
Description
1374600 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬气技術領域】 與相關申請案之交互參+ 此申請案主張美國臨時專利申請案第60/885,932號(申 5 請於2007年1月22日)之利益。 發明領域 本申請案一般關於冷卻電子元件。本申請案更特定地 關於可變速度驅動機與電感器用冷卻系統。 I:先前技術:| 10 發明背景 用於暖氣、通風、空調及致冷(HVAC&R)應用的一可變 速度驅動機(VSD)可包括一整流器或轉換器、一直流(DC) 鏈結及一換流器。具有電流源換流器技術的可變速度驅動 機經常使用液冷電感器。中壓(mediurn voltage)可變速度驅 15 動機也可使用液冷電感器。 當一液冷線圈電感器被使用時,線圈導體可以是已經 被壓縮至梢圓形的銅管。冷卻劑直接被循環流經該電感器 管’需要使用去離子水以避免析出(plate out)銅到該冷卻媒 介物中。一去離子冷卻迴路允許各種需要冷卻的電子元件 20 之間良好的電絕緣,當冷卻劑與該電感器管及該冷卻系統 之一部分的各種其他元件相接觸時。 除了上面所討論的有關VSD及電感器的問題之外,以 往,功率組件設計龐大且笨重。它們使用鋁電解電容器, 其具有固有的老化現象,這與使用液體電解質及封口(seal) 5 有關。該等鋁電解電容器實際上是笨重的,且由於圓柱形 狀難以安裝。熱槽(heatsink)由銅或鋁材料組成。當被用於 銅元件也與冷卻流體相接觸的一閉迴路非抑制(uninhibited) 冷卻系統中時’铭增加了腐蝕問題。即使當抑制(inhibited) 流體被使用時,其也具有一已知壽命且需要週期及定期維 護。由於顯著的重量,這些功率組件設計在絕緣閘雙極性 電晶體(IGBT)模組内的線結合(wireb〇nd)故障方面已經顯 出弱點’這是由於振動(vibration)造成的結果。由於安裝該 IGBT模組的熱槽及將該等iGBT模組電連接在一起的疊層 母線(laminated busbar)之間溫度的變化,此弱點還普遍的是 功率/熱循環的結果。該功率組件典型地需要電容器被插入 其中的一金屬框架。IGBT功率模組典型地被安裝到一熱槽 上’且該熱槽典型地被附接到該金屬框架。最後,一疊層 母線組件經常被放置在該組件之頂部上,且螺絲及螺絲甜 可被用以保持該組件在一起作為一次組件,這増加了該等 設計的體積與重量。 被揭露系統及/或方法之目的優勢滿足這些需要中的 一個或多個,或提供其他有利特徵。其他特徵及優勢將自 本說明書變得明顯。所揭露之教示擴展至落入申請專利範 圍之範圍内的那些實施例,不管它們是否完成前述需求中 的一個或多個。 【發^明内容_】 發明概要 一實施例包括一種用於冷卻電子元件之塑膠冷卻系 1374600 統,具有一基座(base),一冷卻井,在該基座之頂部中形成 且在該頂部敞開’一供給通道,在該基座中形成,用以接 收要被引入該冷卻井的一冷卻流體,一排放通道,在該基 座中形成,該冷卻流體經由該排放通道被帶離該冷卻井, 5 一冷卻井入口’在該冷卻井中形成且與該供給通道連通, 及一冷卻井出口 ’在該冷卻井中形成,與該冷卻井入口相 對,且與該排放通道連通。該供給通道相對該井及冷卻井 入口及出口之大小和流體特性而言足夠的大,藉此,當該 冷卻流體流經該冷卻裝置時,橫跨該供給通道的壓力降實 10 質上小於橫跨該井的壓力降。 另一實施例包括一種用於一可變速度驅動機系統的塑 膠冷卻系統,具有一VSD系統,該VSD系統具有被連接到 提供輸入AC電壓的一 AC電源的一轉換器級、被連接到該轉 換器級的一DC鏈結,及被連接到該DC鏈結的一換流器級。 15 該塑膠冷卻器系統還包括一種用於冷卻該可變速度驅動機 系統中元件的冷卻劑系統。該冷卻劑系統包括一塑膠冷卻 器’該塑膠冷卻器被組配以接收複數個用於接合並牢固一 電子元件的固定件。 又一實施例包括一種用於一電感器的一塑膠冷卻系 20 統,具有一有一磁芯及一線圈的電感器。該冷卻系統還具 有與該磁芯熱連通的一熱槽。該冷卻系統中熱槽中的液體 流動吸收磁芯及線圈損失所產生的熱量。 這裏所描述實施例的某些優勢是’降低該電感器的大 小、重量及成本,以及該電感器之線圈還藉由將熱量傳導 7 1374600 到磁芯而被冷卻。 可選擇的示範性實施例關於其他特徵及特徵的組合, 如可在申請專利範圍中被一般敍述的。 圖式簡單說明 - 5 第1A及1B圖是大致的系統組態之實施例的示意性圖 式。 - 第2A及2B圖是可變速度驅動機之實施例的示意性圖 式。 • 第3圖是一致冷系統的示意性圖式。 . 10 第4圖是一塑膠冷卻器之一實施例的一平面圖 第5圖是經由第4圖的線3-3而得出的該塑膠冷卻器之 截面視圖。 第6圖是顯示第4圖的該塑膠冷卻器之井及Ο環之一平 面圖。 15 第7圖是經由第4圖的線4-4而得出的該塑膠冷卻器之 截面視圖。 ® 第8圖是顯示井及Ο環的一第二實施例之一平面圖。 第9圖是對一薄膜電容器、一塑膠冷卻器及相關安裝元 - 件的說明。 . 20 第10圖是一五臂式磁芯、液冷電感器之一截面。 第11圖是對一五臂式磁芯、液冷電感器之說明。 第12圖是對第11圖之該五臂式磁芯、液冷電感器的一 CFD分析之說明。 L實施方式3 8 較佳實施例之詳細說明 第1A及1B圖大體地說明了系統組態。一AC電源102供 電給一可變速度驅動機(VSD)104,該VSD 104為一馬達 106(見第1A圖)或馬達106(見第1B圖)提供電力。該(等)馬達 106較佳地被用以驅動一致冷或冷卻系統之相對應的壓縮 機(一般地見第3圖)。該AC電源102自出現在一地的一 AC電 力網或分配系統提供單相或多相'固定電壓及固定頻率的 交流(AC)電力給該VSD 104。該AC電源1〇2較佳地可依相對 應的AC電力網而定,提供一 200伏特(V)、230V、380V、460V 或600V的AC電壓或線路電壓,以50赫茲(Hz)或6〇Hz的線路 頻率給該VSD 104。 該VSD 104自該AC電源102接收具有一特定的固定線 路電壓及固定線路頻率的AC電力,且以一所希望電壓及所 希望頻率提供AC電力給該(等)馬達,所希望電壓及所希望 頻率都可變化以滿足特定的需求。較佳地,該VSD 104可提 供AC電力给具有與該(等)馬達1〇6之額定電壓及頻率相比 為較n的電壓及頻率和較低的電壓及頻率的該(等)馬達 106。在另—實施例中,該VSD 104又可提供與該(等)馬達 〇6之額疋電壓及頻率相比為較高和較低的頻率,但僅相同 =較低的電壓。該(等)馬達1G6可以是—感應馬達,但也可 I括此夠以可變速度被操作的任何類型的馬達。該感應馬 達可具有任何適當的極數配置,包括二極、四極或六極。 第2八及2B圆說明該VSD 104之不同的實施例。該VSD 可具有二個級:一轉換器級202、一DC鏈結級204及具 1374600 有一個換流器206(見第2A圖)或複數個換流器206(見第2B 圖)之一輸出級。該轉換器202將來自該AC電源102的該固定 線路頻率、固定線路電壓的AC電力轉換到直流(DC)電力。 該DC鏈結204濾波來自該轉換器202的該DC電力,且提供能 5 量儲存元件。該DC鏈結204可由電容器或電感器組成,它 們是顯示出高可靠率及非常低故障率的被動裝置。最後, 在第2A圖之實施例中,該換流器206將來自該DC鏈結204 的該DC電力轉換到用於該馬達106的可變頻率、可變電壓 AC電力,及在第2B圖之實施例中,該等換流器206被並聯 10 在該DC鏈結204上,且每一換流器206將來自該DC鏈結204 的該DC電力轉換到用於一相對應的馬達106的一可變頻 率、可變電壓AC電力。該(等)換流器206可以是一功率模 組,其可包括使用線結合(wire bond)技術被互連的功率電 晶體、絕緣閘雙極性電晶體(IGBT)功率開關(power switch) 15 及反向二極體。此外,要知道,該VSD 104的該DC鏈結204 及該(等)換流器206可包括上面所討論的不同的元件,只要 該VSD 104的該DC鏈結204及該(等)換流器206可以為該(等) 馬達106提供適當的輸出電壓及頻率。 關於第1B及2B圖,該等換流器206共同地被一控制系 20 統所控制,藉此每一換流器206以相同的所希望電壓及頻率 提供AC電力給相對應的馬達,基於被提供給該等換流器 206的每一個的一共用的控制信號或控制指令。在另一實施 例中,該等換流器206個別地被一控制系統所控制,以允許 每一換流器206以不同的所希望電壓及頻率提供AC電力給 10 1374600 相對應的馬達106,基於被提供給每一換流器206的獨立的 控制信號或控制指令。藉由以不同的電壓及頻率提供AC電 力,該VSD 104之該等換流器206更有效地滿足馬達106及系 統的要求及負載,而無關於被連接到其他換流器206的其他 5 馬達106及系統的需求。例如,一個換流器206可正在提供 滿電力給一馬達106,同時另一換流器206可正在提供半電 力給另一馬達106。任一實施例中對該等換流器206的控制 可以藉由一控制面板或其他適當的控制裝置。 對於要由該VSD 104提供電力的每一馬達106來說,在 10 該VSD 104之輸出級中有一相對應的換流器206。可由該 VSD 104提供電力的馬達106之數目依被併入到該VSD 104 中的換流器206之數目而定。在一實施例中,可以有2或3個 被併入到該VSD 104中的換流器206,該等換流器206被並聯 到該DC鏈結204且被用於給一相對應馬達106提供電力。儘 15 管該VSD 104可具有2到3個換流器206,但要知道,多於3 個換流器206可被使用,只要該DC鏈結204可提供並維持適 當的DC電壓給該等換流器206的每一個。 第3圖一般地說明使用第1A及2A圖之系統組態及VSD 104的一致冷或冷卻系統的一實施例。如第3圖中所示,該 2〇 HVAC、致冷或液體冷卻系統300包括一壓縮機302、一冷凝 器304、一液體冷卻器或蒸發器306及一控制面板308。該壓 縮機302被由VSD 104提供電力的馬達1〇6驅動。該VSD 104 自AC電源102接收具有一特定的固定線路電壓及固定線路 頻率的AC電力,且以所希望電壓及所希望頻率提供AC電力 11 給該馬達106,該等所希望電壓及所希望頻率可變化以滿足 特定的需求。該控制面板308可包括各種不同的元件,諸如 一類比至數位(A/D)轉換器、一微處理器、一非依電性記憶 體和一介面板,用以控制該致冷系統300之操作。該控制面 5板308還可被用以控制該VSD 104及該馬達1〇6之操作。 壓縮機302壓縮一致冷蒸氣且經由一排出管遞送該蒸 氣到該冷凝器304。該壓縮機3〇2可以是一螺旋式壓縮機、 離心式壓縮機、往復式壓縮機、渦旋式壓縮機或其他適當 類型的壓縮機。由該壓縮機3〇2遞送到該冷凝器3〇4的該致 10冷蒸氣進入與一流體(例如,空氣或水)的一熱交換關係,且 經歷一相變成為一致冷液體,作為與該流體的該熱交換關 係之結果。來自該冷凝器3〇4的該已冷凝液態致冷劑流經一 膨脹(expansion)裝置(未顯示)到達該蒸發器3〇6。 該蒸發器306中的液態致冷劑進入與一流體(例如,空 15氣或水)的一熱交換關係,以降低該流體之溫度。該蒸發器 306中的該致冷液體經歷一相變成為一致冷蒸氣,作為與該 流體的熱交換關係之結果。該蒸發器3〇6中的該氣態致冷劑 經由一吸入管線(suction line)離開該蒸發器3〇6並返回到該 壓縮機302,以完成該循環。該蒸發器3〇6可包括用於一冷 2〇卻負載之一供水管線(supply line)及一回水管線(return line) 的連接。輔助(secondary)液體(例如,水、乙烯、氯化鈣液 或氣化鈉液)經由回水管進入該蒸發器3〇6並經由供水管離 開該蒸發器3〇6。該蒸發器3〇6中的液態致冷劑進入與該輔 助液體的一熱交換關係,以降低該輔助液體之溫度。要知 12 1374600
歷溫度與電力二者的循環,所以該冷卻器ίο的塑膠材料應 該顯出低溫度係數的熱膨脹,以避免由於該塑膠冷卻器10 與被附接到半導體模組终端的銅疊層結構之間熱膨脹係數 不匹配而導致該半導體模組内的線結合破損。同樣,該塑 5 膠冷卻器10扮演一固定件,以允許多個功率裝置被附接在 一起,准許一單一疊層母線結構被用於電連接’從而允許 縮小整個功率組件的大小及重量。被用於該塑膠冷卻器10 的塑膠材料可以是Noryl®(變性聚氧化二甲苯)、Valox®(聚 對笨二甲酸丁酯(PBJ))或Vespel®(聚醯胺)。 10 第4圖_所示之塑膠冷卻器1〇具有安裝孔η,可被設計 以接收接合該電子元件並將其保持在位置中的螺絲或螺 栓。雖然該塑膠冷卻器10被顯示使用安裝孔來使一電子元 件牢固結合至該塑膠冷卻器10的底座,但其他固定裝置或 技術可被用以固接該電子元件到該塑膠冷卻器10 ’諸如’ 15 失緊裝置、黏著劑、焊接等。 用機器製造或以其他方式被形成於塑膠冷卻器10中的 是兩個主要的流體通道12及13,藉此,一冷卻流體可經由 供給通道12被引入到該冷卻器10,且經由排放通道13離開 該冷卻器10。在所說明實施例中,此等通道是相對大的、 阆枉形通道’沿著塑膠冷卻器1〇的長度方向延伸。該等通 /道被設定大小且被設計以使沿它們的長度方向具有相對低 的壓力降。 在該塑膠冷卻器10的頂部有一系列凹井20。在一實施 例中,井20被一 Ο環(O-ring)可被放置於其中的一 〇環溝槽 14 Ϊ374600 表面及該井20鄰接該噴嘴的壁面彈出。 由於該電子元件之表面上的冷卻流體的衝擊’該等喷 嘴引起高度亂流。靠井深及水力直徑的最佳選擇來維持此 亂流。一較淺井深或較小水力直徑可能趨向再層化 5 (re-laminarize)該流動,因此減少了某些熱傳導的增強。另 —方面,由於鄰接該表面的流體之速度的下降,一較深的 井深或較大的水力直徑可能趨向減少該熱傳導的增強。 該塑膠冷卻器10之該入口通道12長度兩端的壓力降可 實質上小於該等井兩端的壓力降。該入口通道12兩端的該 10 減少的壓力降藉由增加至少該入口通道12的大小來實現, 相關於該井20之大小、形狀及流動特徵以及其入口 21及出 口 22來實現此相對壓力降關係。入口通道12長度兩端的壓 力降應該不大於該等個別的井20兩端的壓力降的i/1〇th。在 一實施例中’該等井20的每一個具有相同的大小、形狀及 15 流體流動特性。 該等井20之入口 21及出口 22是狹長槽形式的。該等狹 槽21如同喷嘴般操作以引導靠著該等電子元件之底部表面 的冷卻流體。入口21及出口 22較通道12及13來說足夠的 小,藉此,當冷卻液體流經該等井20的每一個時,在該通 20道13兩端無顯著的壓力降是可量測到的。如第8圖中所示, 入口 21及出口 22埠的另-實施例被顯示,藉此,該入口。 及出口 22實際上是複數個形成於該井 25。該等_如,見第6圖)可以自該井之底部::: 通道12、13而延伸的狹長槽而被形成。此等狹槽較佳地垂 16 1374600 直於該塑膠冷卻器10之表面。此組合實現了更加紊亂的流 動,這增強熱傳導,而並沒有明顯影響壓力降。非複雜形 狀的井、入口及通道較相關的具有可變深度或需要使用位 於該流動路徑中的障礙物以增強紊亂流動的其他相關裝置 5 而言,提供了更加容易的製造。 該等通道12及13提供實質上相等的壓力沿著兩通道的 整個長度’結果,每一井20”經歷”相同的入口壓力及壓力 差,且能夠具有一相等的流動從而一相等的冷卻能力。使 用具有此專特徵之通道最小化了,且較佳地避免了每一後 10 續井中減少的流動問題。 同樣,藉由將每一井20直接連接到通道12,相反於使 冷卻流體自該第一井依序流到最後一個,每一井20被提供 新鮮的冷卻劑,最大化所有井20之冷卻能力。 功率組件可以單相操作,用於需要較高電力輸出位準 15的應用,或以三相操作,用於需要較低電力輸出位準的應 用。現在參考第9圖,薄膜電容器500被使用代替傳統電解 電容器。使用一薄膜電容器500降低製造的成本,減少該組 件的總體重量,縮小該組件的總體大小,且增加該系統的 可靠性。藉由消除蒸發傳統電解電容器被使用時出現的電 20解液的需要,該薄膜電容器500增加該組件的可靠性《安裝 孔徑504被配置在該等電容器500上,用於安裝其他元件或 次組件’例如匯流排板506 '角狀匯流排板508、IGBT模組 512、514及用以將該組件裝進一 VSD外殼中的安裝裝置(未 顯示)。另外’安裝基座51〇被配置在該薄膜電容器5〇〇上, 17 1374600 用以將整個組件安裝在一架子或其他適當的表面上(未顯 示)。固定件516,例如螺絲或其他適當固定件,被用以與 該等孔徑504配對,以使該等元件牢固結合至該電容器。 在另一實施例中,額外的電子元件可在相反於具有該 5等井的那個表面上被加到塑膠冷卻器10。額外的開放井可 被包括在該相反的表面上,且來自額外的功率裝置的熱可 藉由與δ亥額外電子元件之底部直接接觸的塑膠冷卻器中的 液態冷卻劑移走。另外,若在該相反表面無冷卻井被使用, 那麼該等電子元件可藉由將熱量經由該元件傳遞到塑膠冷 10 卻器且接著到達液體而被冷卻。 現在參考第10圖,一電感器400包括兩個主要次組 件一一磁芯402及線圈4〇3。該磁芯402次組件可由複數個被 稱為疊層(laminati〇n)404的薄鋼板條組成。多個疊層薄板 404被堆疊以形成該電感器4〇〇之磁芯4〇2。在製造期間,矽 15可被添加到鋼鐵中,以提高疊層404的電阻率。該等疊層4〇4 的晶粒取向(grain orientati〇n)降低了損失且擴展了磁芯4〇2 材料的有用操作之邊界。疊層4〇4被用以最小化渦流及與渦 流相關之損失,隨著該電感器之操作頻率的增加,這變得 更加重要。儘管矽鋼疊層404可被用在一實施例中,但應該 2〇知道,任何適當類型的材料可被使用。例如,供選擇的疊 層材料包括,但不僅限於鎳鐵、鈷合金、粉末鐵、鐵合金、 鉬坡莫合金粉末鐵、鎳鐵粉末、陶瓷鐵氧體、錳鋅鐵氧體、 鎳鋅鐵氧體及锰鐵氧體。 磁芯損失是由磁滞損失及渦流損失導致的,且損失增 18 1374600 加磁芯402的操作溫度並降低電感器400的效率。該磁芯4〇2 的操作溫度對該電感器400中所使用的其他材料具有影 響’諸如絕緣材料及清漆。每種材料都具有—最大操作溫 度’且磁芯402的操作溫度決定絕緣材料的可用選項。隨著 5操作溫度的增高,使用作為絕緣材料的可用選項的數目被 減少,且材料的成本被提高。隨電感器操作溫度的增加, 可能會危及電感器的使用壽命。 該線圈403次組件由絕緣材料及載流導體組成。該等導 體可以是任何適當類型的導電材料,例如,銅及鋁。銅導 1〇體具有低電阻率,但成本高且比鋁導體重。該等導體的薄 板典型地被與絕緣材料層交叉插入。該絕緣材料可以是任 何適當的絕緣材料,例如,N〇mex⑧品牌纖維(杜邦公司生 產)、陶瓷或編織玻璃纖維。導氣管(air duct)被提供於該等 線圈層之間,以提供用於將與該線圈相關的損失所產生的 15熱量移走的氣體的運動,或壓力空氣或自然對流。線圈導 體及絕緣體的操作溫度最終由損失及氣體運動的組合來決 定。 ' 參考第11圖’冷卻器(例如,見第4圖)被應用到一電感 器600之磁芯602的頂面。該冷卻器1〇使用流體(諸如水、乙 2〇 -酵或致冷劑)來冷卻磁芯6()2。該流體穿過該冷卻器並吸 收該磁芯所產生的熱量。 為了允許熱傳導貫穿該磁芯6〇2,包括磁芯間隙,一導 熱、非磁鐵材料被用以提供一適當的磁間隙,同時還允許 跨越此間隙間的熱傳遞。諸如聖戈班陶竞⑻如⑽如 19 1374600
CeramiCS)製造的,,A 級固體氮化硼(Grade A Solid Boron Nitride)材料可被使用,然而可被使用的其他材料包括氮化 鋁陶瓷及氧化鋁陶瓷。 6玄線圈604藉由將鋁或銅箔層與電絕緣且導熱材料層 * 5緊緊地交又插入以形成一低熱阻抗線圈次組件而形成。該 • 線圈次組件處所產生的熱量藉由熱導體自該線圈604被傳 遞到该磁芯602,且接著到達被連接到磁芯6〇2的一熱槽, s亥熱里在此被流經該熱槽的液體流吸收。電絕緣但導熱薄 _ 板的材料一般是可得的,例如,Cho-ThermTM、 10 Therma-GapTM、Therm-AttachTIV^Therma-FlowTM材料。在 另一實施例中,與習知電感器製造過程中所使用的與標準 絕緣清漆相容且還顯示出有接近攝氏200度的最大連續使 用操作溫度的财熱(tear-through)能力的任何適當材料可被 使用。該等線圈層被緊緊地纏繞在磁芯臂上,以提供到該 15 磁芯602的導熱路徑。 第12圖說明企圖預測具有第11圖中所示磁芯602的電 • 感器600中溫度分佈的電腦模擬結果,藉由以各種顏色陰影 顯示該電感器600中的熱梯度。下面的表格說明各種導熱電 . 絕緣材料對峰值電感器溫度升高的影響。 20 20 1374600 繞組材料 ----- 鋁 繞組厚度[in] 0.031 繞組材料導教率 [W/m-Kl ’、 240 每線圈的熱產生 [W1 1146 磁芯中的熱產生 [W1 344 繞組匝數 15 間隙材料 Gap Pad 1500 Gap Pad 5000S35 Gap Pad 3000S30 Sil Pad 2000 間隙材料原府Πηΐ 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 間隙材料導熱率 [W/m-Kl . 1.5 5 3 3.5 總包袠繞組厚度 Ti ",----- 0.915 0.765 0.615 0.615 向方向上總繞 組導熱率[W/m-Kl 3.03 12.35 11.84 13.73 平行方向上總繞 竺!熱率丨W/m-Kl 122.70 147.84 182.20 182.32 被大溫度升高『κι 290.4 Γ 233.8 232.4 229.0 另一實施例包括一主動轉換器模組,具有用以控制該 功率組件中之DC鏈結電容器之預充電的一整合裝置,例 如,諸如共同擁有的美國專利申請案第11/073,830號中已描 述的預充電系統,其在此以參照方式被併入本文。 應該知道,本申請案並不僅限於以下描述中所提出的 細節或方法或者圖式中的說明。還應該知道,這裏所使用 的措辭及術語僅用於描述之目的,且不應被視為限制。 儘管在圖_被說明且在此被描述的該等示範性實施例 目前是較佳的,但應該知道,此等實施例僅以範例的方弋 被提供。因此,本申請案並不被限制在特定實施例中, T ’而 擴展到仍然落在附加申請專利範圍之範圍中的各種修改。 21 1374600 '任何程序或方法步驟的順序或次序可依據可選擇的實施例 變化或重排序。 重要的是要注意’用於可變速度驅動機及電感器的塑 膠冷卻器的構成及配置(如在各種示範性實施例中所顯示 5 的)僅是說明性的。雖然僅一些實施例已被詳細描述於此揭 ' 露中,但檢閱此揭露的該技藝中具有通常知識者將立即瞭 - 解許多修改是可能的(例如各種實施例的大小、尺度、結 構、形狀及比例’參數值、安裝配置、材料使用、顏色、 # 方位等之變化),而本質上並不脫離申請專利範圍中所敍述 10 之標的的新穎教示及優勢。例如,如整體被形成後所示之 元件可由多個部分或元件構成,元件之方位可被反向或被 變化,且離散元件的種類或數目或者方位可被改變或變 化。因此’所有這些修改企圖被包括在本申請案之範圍内。 任何程序或方法步驟的順序或次序可依據可選擇的實施例 15被變化或重排序。在申請專利範圍中,任何手段功能用語 I 企圖覆蓋在此被描述的如執行所敍述功能的結構,且並不 僅是結構等效物而是等效的結構。在示範性實施例的設 - 計、操作條件及配置中,其他替換、修改、變化及省略可 * 被進行’而並不脫離本申請案之範圍。 20 【囷式簡單說明】 第1A及1B圖是大致的系統組態之實施例的示意性圖 式。 第2A及2B圖是可變速度驅動機之實施例的示意性圖 式。 22 1374600 第3圖是一致冷系統的示意性圖式。 第4圖是一塑膠冷卻器之一實施例的一平面圖 第5圖是經由第4圖的線3-3而得出的該塑膠冷卻器之 截面視圖。 5 第6圖是顯示第4圖的該塑膠冷卻器之井及Ο環之一平 面圖。 第7圖是經由第4圖的線4-4而得出的該塑膠冷卻器之 截面視圖。
第8圖是顯示井及Ο環的一第二實施例之一平面圖。 10 第9圖是對一薄膜電容器、一塑膠冷卻器及相關安裝元 件的說明。 第10圖是一五臂式磁芯、液冷電感器之一截面。 第11圖是對一五臂式磁芯、液冷電感器之說明。 第12圖是對第11圖之該五臂式磁芯、液冷電感器的一 15 CFD分析之說明。 【主要元件符號說明】
10…塑膠冷卻器、冷卻器 11.. .安裝孔 12.. .流體通道、供給通道、入 π通道 13.. .流體通道、排放通道、出 口通道 20···井 21···入口、狹槽 22.. .出口 25."開口 31…0環雜 102.. .AC 電源 104…可變速度驅動機(VSD) 106.. .馬達 202.. .轉換器級、轉換器 204.. .DC鏈結級、DC鏈結 23 1374600 206...換流器 500…薄膜電容器 300...HVAC、致冷或液體冷卻 504...安裝孔徑 系統 506...匯流排板 302...壓縮機 508...角狀匯流排板 304.··冷凝器 510...安裝基座 306…冷卻器或蒸發器 512、514...IGBT模組 308...控制面板 516...固定件 400...電感器 600...電感器 402...磁怎 602...磁芯 403...線圈 604...線圈 404...疊層、疊層薄板 24
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20 第97103514號申請案申請專利範圍修正本 101年1月5曰十、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種用於一可變速度驅動機系統之功率組件,包含: 一薄膜電容器; 該薄膜電容器被安裝在至少一個冷卻裝置的一外 表面上,該至少一個冷卻裝置作為該薄膜電容器之一熱 槽,且被組配以循環一冷卻流體通過該至少一個冷卻裝 置; 至少一個電子元件,被安裝在該至少一個冷卻裝置 上,該至少一個電子元件藉由該至少一個冷卻裝置中的 該循環冷卻流體被直接冷卻;且 其中該至少一個冷卻裝置包含一塑膠材料。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之功率組件,其中該薄膜電 容器包含用以安裝附加元件且用以將該功率組件安裝 在一外殼中的安裝固定件。 3_如申請專利範圍第1項所述之功率組件,其中該塑膠材 料係從由變性聚氧化二曱苯、聚對苯二甲酸丁酯、或聚 醯胺所構成的群組中所選出。 4.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之功率組件,其中該至少一 冷卻裝置操作在接近攝氏100度的一連續使用溫度。 5_如申請專利範圍第1項所述之功率組件,其中被引導通 過該至少一冷卻裝置的該流體是致冷劑、乙二醇或水。 6.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之功率組件,其中該至少一 冷卻裝置藉由一注射成型製程、或一機器製造製程而被 製造。 25 1374600 2012-0卜05第97103514號修正頁 5
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20 7. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之功率組件,其中該塑膠材 顯出低溫度係數的熱膨脹。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之功率組件,其中複數個電 子元件被安裝到該至少一冷卻裝置。 9. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之功率組件,其中被安裝在 該薄膜電容器上的該至少一個冷卻裝置使用至少一個 固定件被牢固結合至該薄膜電容器。 10. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之功率組件,其中該至少一 個固定件是一螺絲。 11. 一種電感器,包含: 一磁芯,具有至少一個磁芯臂; 一線圈,與該至少一個磁芯臂熱連通; 一冷卻裝置,被安裝在該磁芯上,且與該磁芯熱連 通,該冷卻裝置作為該磁芯之一熱槽,且該冷卻裝置被 組配以循環一冷卻流體通過該冷卻裝置以吸收該磁芯 所產生之熱量; 至少有一電容器被安裝在該至少一個冷卻裝置,該 至少一電容器被在該至少一個冷卻裝置中之該循環冷 卻流體直接冷卻;以及 其中該至少一冷卻裝置包含一塑膠材料。 12. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之電感器,其中該線圈包括 導熱電絕緣材料層。 13. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之電感器,其中該磁芯包括 使用導熱體填充的氣體間隙。 26 2012-01-05 第 97103514 號修正頁 1374600 14. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之電感器,其中該冷卻裝置 操作在接近攝氏200度的一連續使用溫度。 15. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之電感器,其中被指引通過 該冷卻裝置的該流體是致冷劑、乙二醇或水。 5 16.如申請專利範圍第11項所述之電感器,其中該冷卻裝置 藉由一注射成型製程、或一機器製造製程而被製造。 17.如申請專利範圍第13項所述之電感器,其中該導熱體是 陶瓷。
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TW097103508A TWI352183B (en) | 2007-01-22 | 2008-01-30 | Variable speed drive with integral bypass contacto |
TW097103501A TWI383577B (zh) | 2007-01-22 | 2008-01-30 | 用於可變速度驅動機之共用模式與差異模式濾波器及具有用以過濾共用模式與差異模式電流的輸入濾波器之冷卻系統 |
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