TWI324862B - Coded mimo systems with selective channel inversion applied per eigenmode - Google Patents

Coded mimo systems with selective channel inversion applied per eigenmode Download PDF

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TWI324862B
TWI324862B TW092123617A TW92123617A TWI324862B TW I324862 B TWI324862 B TW I324862B TW 092123617 A TW092123617 A TW 092123617A TW 92123617 A TW92123617 A TW 92123617A TW I324862 B TWI324862 B TW I324862B
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channel
transmission
channels
power
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TW200414708A (en
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W Ketchum John
Rod Walton Jay
Medvedev Irina
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04TPC
    • H04W52/30TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H04W52/34TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading
    • H04W52/346TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading distributing total power among users or channels
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/005Control of transmission; Equalising
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H04L1/0003Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0041Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0067Rate matching
    • H04L1/0068Rate matching by puncturing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0071Use of interleaving
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426Power distribution
    • H04B7/0434Power distribution using multiple eigenmodes
    • H04B7/0439Power distribution using multiple eigenmodes utilizing channel inversion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04TPC
    • H04W52/38TPC being performed in particular situations
    • H04W52/42TPC being performed in particular situations in systems with time, space, frequency or polarisation diversity

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)

Description

1324862 玖、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明一般係關於資料通信,更明確言之,係關於在每 一特徵模式上實施多重輸出多重輸入系統之可選擇頻道 轉換之技術。 【先前技術】 多重輸出多重輸入(multiPle_inputmultiPle_outPut ; MIM0)通 信系統使用多重(Ντ)發射天線與多重(Nr)接收天線來傳送 資料。由Ντ個發射與Nr接收天線形成的多重輸出多重輸入 頻道可分解為Ns個揭立頻道’且< min {NT, NR},各 Ns個獨立頻道亦矸稱為空間子頻道或多重輸出多重輸入 頻道的特徵模式" 由於諸如衰減與多路徑之類的不同因素’寬頻多重輸出 多重輸入系統的空間子頻道可面臨不同的頻道條件。各空 間子頻道可因此經應頻率可選擇衰減’其特徵係總系統頻 寬的不同頻率的頻道增益不同°假設不存在功率控制’則 這會導致各空間子頻道之不同頻率的不同信號對雜訊及 干擾比(signal-to-noise-and-interference ratios ; SNR) ’ 其能支援 特定性能位準的不同資料率(例如1 %的封包錯誤率)。 為克服寬頻頻道中的頻率可選擇衰減,可使用正交頻分 多工(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ; OFDM)技術來 有效地將總系統頻寬分割為數個(NF)子帶,其亦稱為頻率 檔或子頻道。採用OFDM,則各子帶與資料可在其上調變 的個別子載波相關聯。就使用OFDM(即一 MIMO-OFDM系統) 87638-990106.doc -6- UZ4咖 的多重輸出多重輸入系統而t,各空間子頻道的各子帶可 視為一獨立傳送頻道。 編碼通信系統的一主要挑戰係依據頻道條件選取適當 肓料率以及用於資料傳送的編碼與調變方案。該系統的主 要目標係將頻譜效率最大化,同時減少發射器與接收器的 複雜性。 一選取資料率及編碼與調變 方案的直接技術係依據 傳送容量在系統中 該技術具有數個主要缺陷 位元負载(bit load)」各傳送頻道。 其 但 首先’針對各傳送頻道單獨編 I與調變會大幅增加發射器與接收器處理的複雜性。其 人針對各傳送頻道單獨編碼會大幅增加編碼與解碼之延 因此’本技術要—種無需針對各料頻道單獨編碼 即可在多重輪出多重輸入系統中獲得高頻譜效率之技術。 【發明内容】 此處提供之技術可在多重輸出多重輸入系統中每一特 =模式上實施可選擇頻道轉換,以獲得較高㈣效率,同 成2發射器與接收器的複雜性。將可用的傳送頻道配置 trt,其中各群組可包括所有多重輸^重輸入頻 ί案“广拉式之傳送頻道(或頻率檔)。使用特定功率配置 -傳二如:勾的功率配置、填水法(water-filling)等等)將 的各群组㈣傳送 傳送功率)。就各群組而言選用用已配置 k用忒群組中一或多個傳送頻 87638-990J06.doc 1324862 道’並決定各選用頻道的縮放因數,以便轉換該組所有選 用的頻道,並獲得類似的已接收信號品質(即已接收的 SNR) 〇 在以下進一步詳細說明本發明的各個方面及具體實施 例。如以下所詳述,本發明進一步提供實施本發明之各方 面、具體實施例及特徵的方法、程式碼、數位信號處理器 發射器單元、接收器單元及其它設備與元件。 【實施方式】 在一多重輸出多重輪入通信系統中,例如一多天線無線 通信系統,從NT個發射天線發射的資料流在接收器處相互 連接。克服該干擾的-項技術係❹线出多$輸入頻道 「對角化」’以獲得數個獨立頻道。 多重輸出多重輸入系統的模型可表述如下: 江 式⑴ 其中,X為具有Nr個項的向量,{yj}lMe{1,…,Nr},即仏 個接收天線接收到的符號(即「接收到的」向量” 2L為具有NT個項的向量,{xj}t|7je{i,.,NT},即從 N丁個發射天線發射出的符號(即「已發射的」向 量); 廷為(Nr ΧΝΤ)頻道回應矩陣,其包括從Ντ個發射天線 R個接收天線的轉移函數(即複數增益);以及 a為具有—平均值向”以及—協變異數矩陣 的附加白问斯雜訊(add出ve white Gaussian noise ; awgn) ’其中辽為所有零的向量,i為單位矩陣, 87638-990I06.doc -8- &著對角線的值都是丨,其他地方為ο,而為雜 訊變異數。 .出於簡化之目的,假設-平坦衰減的窄頻頻道。在此情 頻心回應可用整個系統頻寬的一常數複數值表示, 且頻道回應矩陣过的元素為純量。儘管出於簡化之目的, 此處作出了頻率非可選擇之假設’此處所述之技術可延伸 用於頻率可選擇頻道。 ,C回應矩陣过可藉由在相關矩陣达上實施特徵值分 解民ϋ ϋ進仃對角化。相關矩陣R的特徵值分解 可表述為: R = edeh 式(2) 其“為―(NtxNt)單位矩陣,其各行為民的特徵向量 ^{1,...,NT}; -為一(ΝτχΝτ)對角矩陣,其對角線上的項與R的特 徵值對應;以及 就任何矩陣Μ而言,mh表示M的共輛轉置。 單位矩陣由特性运^表示。 在技術中已知,亦可使用奇異值分解(Singular value decomposition ’· SVD)來實施特徵值分解。 對角矩陣砂著對角線包括非負實值,其他地方為零。 該等對角項稱為矩陣民的特徵值,並可表示多重輸出多重 輸入頻道的獨立頻道之功率增益…具有Ντ個發射與〜 個接收天線的多重輸出多重輪人系統的獨立頻道之數量 即為κ的非零特徵值之數量’Ns_<min{NT,NR}。該等非零特 87638-990106.doc -9- 1^24862 徵值由{1}表示,i = (l,...,Ns}。 若不考慮Ντ個發射天線的功率限制,則多重輪出多重輸 入頻道可對角化,方式為將「資料」向量泛與單位矩陣邑預 先相乘(或「預調節」),以獲得已發射的向量圣。發射器的 預調節可表述如下: ^ 式(3) 在接收器處,可將已接收向量叉可與互H^H預乘(或「調 節」)’以獲彳于資料向量反的估計值。用於獲得資料向量估 計值£的調節可表述如下: s = E ^ Η ^ ^ 式⑷ =HEs. +Εη Ηη η =Ds+ η 其中’ 1為具有平均向量么與協變異數矩陣m2㈣ AWGN 〇 如式⑷所*,發射器的預調節以及接收器的調節會引起 資料向量由—以矩較表示的有效頻道回應轉換,以及雜 訊元素的縮放。由於辽為對角矩陣,因此具有有效的…個 非干擾平行頻道。各個此等頻道具有—與對應特徵值的平 方扣2相等的功率增益’以及等於山丨的雜訊功率, ,產生―信號對雜訊比"σ2。因此,各個此等 頻道的功率增益等於特徵值Ai,U{i,..,Ns}。平行頻道靖 常稱為特徵模式i或模式ie可獲得如式(3)與⑷所示的多重 87638-990106.doc -10- 1324862 輸出多重輸入頻道的對角化,若發射器具有頻道回應 Η或等效資訊。· f 上述特徵值分解亦可實施於寬頻、頻何選擇 職〇·0膽系統而言,寬頻頻道可分㈣平坦衰減、正 交頻率檔或子帶。可猫Λ 了獨立貫訑各頻率檔k的頻 H(k)的特徵值分解,以.金M 7 怨矩陣 解^疋N s空間子頻道或頻率槽的特徵 才吴式。各頻率檔的I办ρι 的谷工間子頻道亦可稱為「傳送」頻道。 MIMO-OFDM系統的模型表述如下: #)=姻柳+ _),其令ke{1, ,Nf} 式⑺ 其中"(k)"表示第k個頻率檔。 各頻率檔的相關矩陣刚之特徵值分解可表述如下:
Kk) = E(k)D(k)EH(k). 民㈨的非零特徵值表示為“㈣,卜{ι二(6) ^ΓΝρ}〇 ? , 頻率檔的特徵模式分解會引起…個空間子頻道或. 檔的特徵模式,或總*NsNf個傳送頻道。 ’、… 特徵值可有兩種形式:—「排戽 开”…4 排序」形式與-「隨機順序」 ,在排序形式中,各頻率檔的…個特徵值,以 序’以使⑷叫脉···⑽k)},其中Ai(k)為頻率槽k 的最大特徵值,而ANS(k)為頻率獻的最小特徵值 順序形式中,特徵值的順序可以係隨機的,並進一=機 於頻率。如下所述,所選用的特定形式,不管是排:二 或隨機順序形式’都會影響用於資料傳送的特徵模式二 以及用於各選取特徵模式的編碼與調變方案。 、擇 87638-9901〇6.d,
0C -11 丄 JZHOUZr _ IMO-OFDM系統之特徵值分解的曲線圖。 如圖所示,對角矩車隹 車其中k={l,.._,NF},沿著表示 頻率維度的軸u 〇按 筏项序配置。各矩陣以k)的特徵值 { A(k)},其中 】 σ 1,·..,Νδ},位於矩陣的對角線上。因此軸 視作表不空間維度。所有頻率槽的特徵模式i(或簡單 。特徵拉式0與—元素集相關聯{ a侧,其中 頻率回應。各特徵模彳 __ _ 杈式的义素集^(k)}由沿著虛線114的 框表不。圖i中各 率可選柽奈、“ 傳送頻道。就各經歷頻 k值不同時,會有所^其元素(娜徵模式當 二的特徵值按遞減順序排序,則特徵模 川厂在久 要特徵模式)會包括最大的特徵值, l(k),在各矩陣中,
Wk),在各矩陣中β 4式乂會包括最小的特徵值, =IM〇-OFDM系統中各頻率檔 頻寬上nsnf個傳逆噸# Μ ^ 又值刀解曰与丨起整個 可獲得不同sj並頻可道::同^ n /、不同傳送谷量相關聯。可使用不 同功率配置方案值.、,+ A 聊J便用不 (次傳迗方案)將總傳 送頻道,以獲得較高的總體頻譜效率/刀佈至以傳 tk (bps/Hz^ ^ - 9率,其以位元/秒每一赭 方案。 將進—步詳細說明其中某呰 1.填水法 在發射器的總傳送功 午K於ptotaI的限制下,「填水法 87638-990106.doc -12- (•water-f山lng)J或r倒水法(waterp〇ur—)j方案可用於 橫跨傳送頻道最佳地分佈總傳送功率,以將總頻譜效率最 大化。填水法㈣在啊個傳送頻道上分佈功率以使具 有越來越高SNR的頻道接收到總傳送功率越來越大的部 =。配置至既定傳送頻道的傳送功率係由該頻道的隨決 疋,其可既定為Α(1〇/σ2,其中七(1〇為第让個頻率檔中的第 i個特徵值。 本技術中已知貝&填水法之過程,此處不再說明。填水 法之結果為向各NsNf個傳送頻道的特定傳送功率配置,其 由卩从)表不’卜〇,,Nj以及k=p,Μ。實施功率配置 以滿足以下條件:
Pt〇tal=S§P|(k) 式(7) 其中 L={1,...,NS} ’ k={1,...,Nf}。 依據配置的傳送功率Pi(k) ,i={1, ,Ns}以及 k={l,…,NF},各傳送頻道的已接收SNR,Mk),可表述如 下: Μ) 一^其中 以及 k={l,.._,NF}.式(8) 可依據容量的持續單調增加的對數函數,計算NsNf個傳 送頻道的總頻譜效率c,表述如下: 式⑼ 87638-990106.doc -13-
^*t〇UZ —在一典型通信系統中,預計能觀察到的已接收SNR的總 圍可刀割為數個子範圍。各子範圍隨後可與特定編碼及 調變方索相關聯,選取該方案以產生既定位元錯誤率(bit eiT〇r 如6 ; BER)、訊框錯誤率(frame error rate ; FER)、或 封包錯誤率(packet err〇r rate ; pER)的最高頻譜效率。填水 法力率配置會引起各NsNp個傳送頻道不同的已接收 NR這會引起針對傳送頻道使用許多不同編碼/調變方 案。母個傳送頻道會的編碼/調變增加總頻譜效率,代價就 是發射器與接收器更大的複雜性。 、 2.廛_屋_^·所有傳谈頻道的可谐擇頻道轉埴 所有頻道SCI」方案在所有傳送頻道上實施可選擇頻 道轉換(SCI),以使選用的頻道可獲得約等於接收器已接收 的SNR。這就實現了針對所有選取的傳送頻道使用—共同 編碼,調變方案。與填水法方案相比,該方案大大減少了 發射盗與接收器的複雜性。藉由首先選取所有或只選取一 子集的用於資料傳送的可用傳送頻道,可獲得已接 收SNR的等化。頻道選取會弓丨起SNR較低的較弱頻道的消 除。總傳送功率Pt(Jtal則橫跨選取的傳送頻道分佈,方式為, 已接收的SNR對於所有選取的傳送頻道約相等。 若「滿」頻道轉換為所有NsNf可用傳送頻道實施,則總 傳达功率Ptotal可g己f ’以便所有頻道都能接收到大致相等 的仏號功率。配置至頻率檔k的特徵模式丨的適當傳送功率 Pi(k)量可表述如下·· 式(10) 乂, W, 87638-990106.doc -14 - 1^24862 其中《為-正規化因數,用於在可用傳送頻道中分佈總傳 送功率。正規化因數α可表述如下: a =--!__ ΣΣλ^γ1' 式(ιι)
/eZ, k^K 。正規化因數α能確保所有傳送頻道大致相等的已接收信 戒功率,其既定為aPtDtal。總傳送功率即有效分佈(不均勾 地)在所有可用傳送頻道上,依據其頻道功率增益,其由特 徵值Kk)決定。 若實施「可選擇頻道棘榼丨 悍」艿遏轉換則只有已接收功率位於或 大於特定限定值㈣總已接收功率相關)的傳送頻道 取用於資料傳送。而已接收功率低於該限定值的傳送頻道 則放棄或不再❹。就各選取的傳送頻道而言,可按^ 方法決定將配置給頻道的傳送功率,以使所有選取的傳送 頻道都能在大致相等的功率位準接收到。可選取限 以將頻譜效率最大化’或依據某些其他標準。 ^吏用的傳送頻道的選取可如下實施。最初,平均功率择 -pavg為所有可用傳送頻道計算,其可表述如下: 曰 Ρανε~~^Γ篇喻 式(12) 配置至各傳送頻道的傳送功率可表述如下: ,否則, 0 式(13) 其中傭定值,4一正規化因數,其與式⑴)中的 87638-990106.doc •15- 1324862 似。但正規化因數s只在選取的傳送頻道上計算,可表述 式(14) 5= Σ·-1· 限定值/?可如下導出(章節3.2)。 如式(13)所示,若一傳送頻道的特徵值(或頻道功率增益) 大於或等於功率限定值(即;,則選用該傳送頻 道。由於正規化因數α的計算只依據選取的傳送頻道,所 以總傳送功率PtQtal分佈至選取的傳送頻道,依據其頻道增 益,以使所有選取的傳送頻道具有大致相等的已接收功 率’其可表述為5*pt〇ta丨。 所有選取傳送頻道的已接收SNR的等化,因此可藉由換 傳送功率在該等頻道上的非均句分佈來獲得。大致相㈣ 已接收崎可實現所有選取的傳送頻道都使用單—資料率 和共同編碼/調變方案’這將大幅減少複雜性。 3 ·扁賴 「每-特徵模式SCI」方案能獨立實施各 選擇頻道轉換,以提供改進之性㈣式的可 NSNF個傳送頻、# + 項具體實施例中, 定特徵模個群組’以使各群組都包括-既 有nf頻率檔 F广即群組1包括特徵模式i的所 組。 4子頻道)。因此各特徵模式都有一個群 每一特徵模式SCI方 案包括兩個步驟 在第一步驟中, 87638-990106.doc -16- L傳送功率pt(Jtal依據一特定 個群组如也 群力率配置方案分佈至Ns 幻群組。在第二步驟中, 實施,群組的可選擇頻道轉換係獨立 …以將該群組的已配置傳 個頻藥@ 疋力羊刀佈至該群組中的Nf 调頻羊檔。以下將進一步詳 說明其中各步驟。 組的功率配罟 總傳送功率1>_可以不同方式分 明其中的部分方式。 su以下將說 在第—項具體實施财,總傳 * XT ^ L 吁疋刀半Ptota丨均勻分佈在所 有Ns_組上,以使其都配 均4的功率。配置至各群組 的傳送功率PG(i)可表述如 f
Pg(0 /total 式(15) 在弟二項具體實施例中 〜傳迗功率Puna丨依據橫跨所有 可用傳送頻道的填水法方荦分 兮目躺者 茶刀佈至乂群組。如上所述,就 ^具體Λ施例而言,總傳送功率 手Pt〇tal首先使用填水法方 茶为佈至所有nsnf個傳这锢、皆 办法 F调得送頻道。各傳送頻道都配置有
Pi(k),UU,...,Ns}以及k={1,,Νρ卜配置至各群組的傳送 功率則由配置至該群組中的Νρ個傳送頻道的傳送功率之 和決定。西己置至群組⑷傳送功率可表述如下: ⑽如λ其中ί…,...,Ns}· 式(i6) 在第三項具體實施例中’總傳送功率?㈣依據橫跨所有 群組的填水法方案,使用其平均頻道snr分佈至〜個群 組。最初’各群組的平均頻道SNR,由下式求得: 87638-990106.doc -17-
Ef r〇vgi}) nl ,其中 式(17) 隨後實施填水法,以俤仿缺廿T ^ M使依據其平均頻道SNR將總傳送功率
Ptotal 分佈在 NS 群组 。32 , A * 配置至各Ns個群組的傳送功率由 PG(i)表示’其中ie{1,…,Ν“。 在第四項具體貫施例中,y· Μ J T 在頻道轉換之後,依據橫跨所
有群組的填水法,传用U 便用傳迗頻道的已接收SNR將總傳送功 率Ptotal分佈至ΝΗϋ群纟且。钟—曰_ — ’、,且就該具體實施例而言,總傳送功 率Ptotal首先如上述式门- 飞所不,不均勻地分佈至Ns群組, 以便各群組都可配置到一, J初始傳运功率PG(i)=Pt〇ta丨/Ns,其 中ie{l’…,NS}。敁後在各群組上獨立實施可選擇頻道轉換, 以決定該群組中各頻率檔的一初始功率配置,邮),其中 k=U,...,NF^各頻率㈣已接收咖,⑽),隨後依據該 初始功率配置戶i(k)決定’如式⑻所*。各群組的平均已接 收SNRAvg(i)隨後計算如下: 式(18) 總傳送功率P_隨後使用填水法,依據其平均已接收 SNR hvg⑴(其中lS{l,...,Ns})分佈至Ns個群址。填水法功 率配置㈣果為NS群組修正後(即最終)的傳送功率配置 、g(),、中ie{l,..”Ns}。再次獨立實施各群組的可選擇頻 道轉換,㈣群組切頻率檔分佈料㈣已配置傳送功 率PG⑴。第二可選擇頻道轉換可向各頻率檔配置傳送功率 Pi(k)。 若⑴藉由填水法配置至群組的修正傳送功率大於該初 87638-990106.doc -18- 1324862 始平均功率配置(即p ()Pg(i))以及(2)該群組中所有頻率 槽在最初可選擇頻道轉換 得換都選用了,則無需實施既定群組 的第二可選擇頻道轉換。 兴就5哀具體情況而言,群組中的各 頻率檔的新功率配置pi(k)可表述如下: 式(19) eg細其中i e{1,…,nf}_ 可使用式(19) g]為⑴即使群組修正功率配置⑴高於初 始功率配置〜⑴,群組中的所有頻率擋已選用,且沒有額 外的頻率檔可選擇,以及(2),初始可選擇頻道轉換已決定 了群組中至頻率檔的功座夕.态$ 羊之適§配置’以獲得該等頻道的 大致相等的已接收SN^在所有其他情況下,再次實施各 群組的可選擇頻道轉換,以決定群財頻㈣㈣送功率 配置 Pi(k),其中ice{i,...,NF} 〇 3 _2應.用於各群組的可撰哼胳治竹於 一旦使用上述群組功率配置方案中的任何-個將總傳 送㈣傳送至Ns個群組,各乂群組的選擇㈣㈣係 獨立實施’並且在各群組内的化頻率檔上。各群组的可選 擇頻道轉換可如下實施。 ^(0 最初,各群組的平均功率增益pavg⑴由下式得出: (0ΐΙ·,其中i…,…為}- 式(20) 群組i中配置至頻率檔k的傳送功率可表述如下 total m)=\ ,义雜υ) ,否Μ, 式(21) 87638-990106.doc -19- 1324862 其中A為限定值,泛;為群組i的正規化 m A 因數。各群組的正規 化因數在該群組之選取的傳送頻道上計算,其可表述 為· a 幻-1 · 式(22) :(叫中的轉換頻道功率增益之和將群組i的所有選取頻 率檔的頻道功率增益都計算在内。 各群組中用於選取頻率播的限定值A可依據不同標準 設定,例如,用以最佳化頻譜效率。如下所述,在一項且 體實施例中,限定值①係依據頻道功率增益(或特徵旬設 定’而選取的頻率㈣頻譜效㈣依據各群組中橫跨頻率 擋的均勻傳送功率配置設定。 就該具體實施例而言,群組丨的限定值&的導出係如下得 到(其中各群組的衍生都是獨立實施)。最初,群組中所有 Nf頻率檔的特徵值都是按順序分級的,並置於一清單&(又) 中,其中^(i,...,Nf},按降序排列,使得&⑴=max(qk)) 以及 Gi(NF)=min{/li(k)},其中ie{1,,Ns}。 γ、各乂而。,其中,乂個最佳頻率槽的頻譜 ^率已汁,其中「最佳」指的係具有最高功率增益的頻 率檔,GiU卜可如下得到。首先,群組可用的總傳送功率, ⑴,使用下述功率配置方案中的任何一種,分佈至又個 最佳頻率檔。出於簡化之目的,使用均勻功率配置方案, 各2頻率檔的傳送功率為PG⑴/A。然後,各A頻率檔的已接 87638-990 ] 06.doc -20- 收SNR如下計算: 式(23) ,其中je{ 1,...,λ}· 群組最佳頻率檔 领〇文旱Ci“)可計算如下: λ C, (^) = ^^2 0 + ^0)), 式(24) 其中,P係一縮放因數,用於說 案中的無效。 、 選用的編碼與調變方 各續的頻譜效率CiU)都要計算其中 儲存在-陣列中。針對 ",·.·,且 r ^ 殒手檔的Nf個可能組合計曾 =NF個值後,將頻譜效率的陣列橫貫,且決定; :大值。對應於最大Ci_值,: =’其?,起評估頻道條件的最大頻譜效率,以= 均勻傳送功率配置。 吏用 由於群組i中nf頻率# &
Gi⑼中的,所以每選用^ 4 : ^降冪排列於清單 直至達到^ 1率檔時’頻譜效率會增加, 相最佳點,而此後頻譜效率會減少, 多的傳送功率會配署 ’··' ”·更 -置至更弱的頻率檔。因此,並不是計曾 所有可能a值的舛曾相吃4 * 疋。r开 f ·-頻瑨效率ckw,各^新值的 CiU)可與先前义值的 領B效羊 值的頻瑨效率CiQ-l)作比較。若達到最 頻4效率,則訃曾 取佳 十开會终止,其由CiUfCiU-i)表示。 限定值凡可表述為:
A AD 心0·) ’ 式(25) 87638-990J06.doc -21 - 1324862 其中Pavg(i)可按式(20)得到。 疋值/^亦可依據某些其他標準或某些其他功率配置 方案(而不是均勻配置)設定。 可選擇頻道轉換係進—步詳述於2001年5月17日申請之 美國專利申請序號09/86〇,274,與2001年6月14曰申請之序 號〇9/881,610與2〇〇1年6月26日申請之序號_92 379中, 上述三項申請案之標題均為「在多重頻道通信系統中使用 頻道轉換來處理資料之方法及設備」,其讓渡給本申請案 之受讓人且以提及方式在此併入。 各群組獨立實施可選擇頻道轉換會引起各群組中心頻 率檔的-群組傳送功率配置,Pi(k伽ke{l,·凡卜可選 擇頻道轉換會引起低於選用於任何既定群組的NF頻率檔。 非可選擇頻料不會配置到任㈣送功率(即就該等槽而 言,Pi(k)=〇)。選取的頻率標的功率如企匕配置可使該等鮮 得大致相等的已接收SNR。這就實現了在各群組中的料 選取頻率檔都可使用單1料率以及共⑽碼/調變方案。 就排序形式而言’各對角矩陣脉)的特徵值姻, 經過排序的,以使指數較小的對^素總體 較大。特徵值1則會—角矩陣中的最大特徵值相關 聯’特徵值2會與第:大特徵值相關聯等#。就排序形式 而言,儘管頻道轉換對各特徵模式的所有…個頻仲實 施,指數較低的特徵模式不太可能具有太多壞的頻率播田(如 果有的話),且過多的傳送功率不用於壞檔。 若填水法用於將總傳送功率分佈至乂特徵模式,則選用 87638-990106.doc -22- 丄 W4862 的特徵模式的數量會降低在較低的SNR。排序形式則因此 具有了優勢,在較低的SNR,編碼與調變會 的特徵模式的數量進一步簡化。 選用 就隨機順序形式而言,各對角矩陣£_特徵值為隨機 项序。&會引起所有特徵模式的平均已接收snr的較小變 化。在此情況下,少於Ns個之共同編碼與調變方案會用於 Ns個特徵模式。 、 在一傳送方案中,若一群組將用於資料傳送,則會選取 该群組中所有Nf頻率檔(即任何活動特徵模式都必須是一 完整特徵模式)。若一或多個頻率檔不再使用時,則特徵模 式的頻率可選擇之特性可誇大。該較大的頻率可選擇衰減 會引起較高的符號間干擾(181)位準,這是_種現象,其中 已接收信號中的各符號充#已接收信號中隨後符號的失 真。因此可能在接收器處需要等化,以減輕⑻失真的有害 放果。藉由在選用的各特徵模式的所有頻率檔上實施全頻 道轉換’來避免等化。傳送方案可與排序形式以及填水法 功率配置有利地配合使用’如上所述’指數較低的特徵模 式不太可此具有太多壞頻率樓。 、 圖2所示的係總傳送功率匕㈣㈡之三個傳送方案(例如 4x4多重輸出多重輸入系統)所獲得的平均頻譜效率之曲綠 圖:圖2顯示了三個傳送方案的三個曲線圖:⑴所有傳: 頻道的填水法功率配置’(2)應用於所有傳送頻道的可選擇 頻道轉換(所有頻道SCI),以及(3)單獨應用於各特徵模 的可選擇頻道轉換(每_特徵模式SCI),總傳送功率依據^ 87638-990106.doc -23- 丄 平均頻道SNR使用填水法分佈在四個群組中。 描输平均頻譜效率與操作SNR的比,其定義為^ =ι/ 2 :2表示填水法功率配置(曲線21〇)會產生最高的。頻二 -、。當頻譜效率為15 bps/Hz的情況下,所有頻道su^案 的性能(曲線230)低於最佳填水法方案的性能约25肋。但 適用於所有頻道的SCI方案會大幅降低發射器與接收器的 複雜性,由於單一資料率與共同編碼/調變方案可用於所有 選取的傳送頻道。在15 bps/Hz的頻譜效率時,.每一特徵模 式SCI方案(曲線22〇)的性能低於填水法方案性能約1 5 dB,高於所有頻道SCI方案的性能。該結果係可期待 的’因各特徵模式SCI方案組合了填水法和可選擇頻道轉 換。儘管各特徵料们方案比所有頻道SCI方案複雜,但 不如填水法方案複雜,且獲得了可比的性能。 圖3係MIMO_OFDM系統3 〇〇中一接取點3〗〇與一使用者 終端機3 5 0之方塊圖。 -在接取點31G處,將來自f料源312之資料流量(即資訊位 疋)提供至傳送(TX)f料處理器314,其能對資料進行編碼、 交錯以及調變以提供調變符號。TX Mmo處理器320可進 一步處理調變符號’以提供已預調㈣符號,料符號隨 後會以引導資料進行多工處理,並提供至〜個調變器 _D)322a至322t,各用於每個傳送天線。各調變器似會 處理預§周卽符號的個另丨丨、丨、,立 一卩付观旳個別抓以產生一調變後信號,該信號隨 後會經由各個別天線324傳送。 在使用者終端機350處’從Ντ個天線324a至324t傳送的調 87638-990106.doc -24- 變後信號由nr個天線3523至3521·接收。將來自各天線352 的已接收信號提供至個別解調變器(DEM〇D)354。各解調 變器354調節(例如過濾、放大以及頻率降頻)並數位化已接 收乜號,以提供一樣本流,並進一步處理該等樣本,以提 供一已接收符號流。RX MIM〇處理器36〇隨後會處理Nr個 已接收符號流以提供Ντ個已還原符號流,其為接取點發送 的調變符號的估計。 從使用者終端機至接取點的反向路徑的處理可以與正 向路徑的處理類似,亦可不相同。反向路徑可用於將頻道 狀態貝訊(channel state inf〇rmati〇n ; CSI)從使用者終端機 發回至接H CSI可用於接取點,以制適#之編碼與 調變方案,並實施可選擇頻道轉換。 控制器330與370分別控制接取點與使用者終端機的作 業。己隐體332與3 72分別為控制器33〇與37〇使用的程式碼 與資料提供儲存。 圖4為一發射器單元4〇〇之—項具體實施例之方塊圖,其 ^圖3中接取點31〇的發射器部分之—具體實施例。發射器 單元400亦可用於使用者終端機乃^。 個 從 個 在tx資料處理器314内,編碼器/擊穿器412依據一或多 編碼方案接收資料流量(即資訊位元)並對其進行編碼, :提供已編碼之位元。頻道交錯器414隨後依據一或多 交錯方案將已編碼之位元進行交錯,從而提供—時間、 空間與/或頻率分集之組合。 該等已交錯資料依據一或 —符號映射元件41 6隨後會將 多個調變方案(例如qPSIC、 8763 8-990106.doc -25. 1324862 m-PSK、m_qam等等)進行映射,從而提供調變抑 Ns個群組的編碼與調變可以不同方式實施。在一二 實施例中,-單獨編碼與調變方案可用於傳送頻道的= 組,該頻道應用了可選擇頻道轉換。就該具體實施例而言群 -組獨立的編碼器、交錯器以及符號映射元件可用於 組。在-項具體實施例中共同編碼方案可用於所 組,隨後進行各群組的可變比率擊穿器以及獨立調變方 案。該具體實施例可減少發射器與接收器之硬體的複雜 性。在另—項具體實施例中,交織編碼與渦輪編碼亦可^ 於對資訊位元進行編碼。 在TX MIMO處理器320内,多重輸出多重輸入頻道的脈 衝回應之估計可提供給-快速富利葉轉換(fast FFT)單元422,作為時域樣本的矩陣之序列, 立(n) »FFT單元422隨後會在nf個矩陣立(n)的各組上實施— FFT,以提供一組對應的Νρ個估計頻道頻率回應矩陣, A(k),其中 ke{l,...,NF}。 如上所述,單元424隨後會在各矩率£(k)上實施特徵值 分解,以提供單位矩陣运(k)以及對角矩陣以k)。將對角矩 陣DXk)提供給一功率配置單元43 〇,將單位矩陣髟k)提供給 一空間處理器450。 功率配置單元430使用上述群組功率配置方案中的任何 一種,將總傳送功率Ptotal分佈至Ns個群組。這將引起^個 群組的PG(i)的功率配置,其中ied.,Ν〇。單元430隨後 將依據該群組配置到的傳送功率pG(i)獨立實施各群組的 87638-990106.doc -26- 1324862 可選擇頻道轉換。#脸2丨* 轉換乂將弓!起各群组 率配置,其仏{1 貞羊檔的P,(k)的功 ^ ^ ^ , ,F},其中,群組中—或多檔中,ρ.πο 可切零(若未要求任何 ^ Pl(k) 式)。單元4W 須為完整特徵模 32可貫施填水法分 可實#久群,& 刀忡〜·得达功率,單元434 了貫她各群組的可選擇頻道轉 配倾供給-信號縮放單㈣/有傳送頻道的功率 二:依據功率配置接收與縮放調變符號,從而提 下…臭的調變符號。各調變符號的信號縮 _=_倾,其中ie{1”..,NS}以及ke{1,,nf},式(26) 為在頻率檔k的特徵模式丨上傳送的調變符號, 】·()為相應的縮放後的調變符號,而涵為該符號的縮放 因數’以獲得頻道轉換。 空間處理器450隨後會依據單位矩陣_預調節縮放後 的調變符號,從而提供預調節的符號,如下: 式(27) 其中τ,iW = [S】(k) s2(k) .· SNT(k)r,讲)=(Xi(k) χ2(]〇 μ (k))T,而\(]〇為在發射天線i的頻率檔]^傳送的預調節符號T。 若NS<NT,則!(k)將包括Ns個非零項,而其餘化至吣各項 可以為零。 多工器(multiplexer ; MUX)452能接收並用預調節的符號 多工處理引導資料。引導資料可在所有或一個傳送頻道的 子集上傳送,可用於接收器,以估計多重輸出多重輸入頻 87638-990106.doc -27- 1324862 道。多工器452可向各OFDM調變器322提供一預調節的符 號流。 在各OFDM調變器322内,IFFT單元能接收預調節的符號 流並在Nf頻率檔的各Nf符號集上實施倒轉的FFT,從而獲 得相應的時域代表,其稱為〇FDM符號。就各〇fdm符號而 言,循環前置產生器能重覆〇FDM符號的部分,以形成對 f的傳送符號。循環前置能確保在存在多路徑延遲擴展的 情況下’傳送符號能保留其正交特性。—發射器單元隨後 將傳送符號轉化為―或多個類比㈣,並進_步調節(例如 放:、過濾以及頻率向上轉換)該等類比信號,以產生已調 變信號,隨後將該信號從相關聯天線324傳送。 圖5係在每—特徵模式上使用可選擇㈣轉換來處 ㈣程序500的—具體實施例之流程圖。最初,將需 =料依據-或多個編碼與調變方案編碼並調變(步驟 將可用的傳运頻道配置成數個群組,其中各群組可 :既定特徵模式的所有頻率檔(步驟514)。(各群組亦 義為包括多個特徵模式的頻率檔,或只包括單 的頻率檔之子集。)隨後使用特定群組功率配 4果式 送功率配置至該群組(步驟516)。 $案將總傳 而隨Γ即各呈群有组獨立實施可選擇頻道轉換。就各選用的群% 即具有配置到的非零傳送功率),可依據 兔 的傳送功率選用用於資料傳送的—或多個頻:: 5 1 8)。或者,若即將使用哕 (步驟 亥群組,則可選用該群纽中的所 87638-990106.doc -28- 1324862 有頻率檔。隨後可決定各選取的頻率檔的縮放因數,以使 各群组所有選取的頻率檔都具有類似的已接收信號品質, 該品質可由已接收的SNR、已接收功率或某些其他測量量 化(步驟520)。 隨後,用於傳送該調變符號的頻率檔的縮放因數會縮放 各調變符號(步驟522) ^可進一步預調節該等已縮放調變符 號,以將多重輸出多重輸入頻道對角化(步驟524)。進一步 處理並傳送該等預調節的符號。 為清晰起見,上述已說明了特定具體實施例。該等具體 實施例之變更或其他具體實施例亦可依據此處所述之技 術衍生。例如’無需對發射器使用具有空間處理(即預調節) 的各特徵模式SCI方案1亦可使用其他技術將多重輸出多 重輸入頻道對角化,而無需在發射器處實施預調節。某些 該等技術已在美國專利申請案序號〇9/993,〇87中說明,其 名為「多向近接多重輸出多重輸入(Multiple_input MuUiple-0utput ; MIM〇)通信系統」,於2〇〇ι年i i月ό日提 出申請,並讓渡給本申請案的受讓人,此處以提及方式併 入本文中》若不對發射器實施空間處理,則可對每一發射 天線或某些其他群組單元應用可選擇頻道轉換。 如上所述’可依據估計頻道回應矩陣砂)對發射器實施 可選擇頻道轉換。亦可依據頻道增益、已接收的或某 …、他已接號品質之測量’對接收器實施可選擇頻道 轉換。妹何情況下,發射器會具有充足的頻道狀態資訊 (channel Stateinformati〇n;CSI),可以係任何形式,以使 87638-990106.doc •29- 1324862 其旎決定(l)各特徵模式所使用的特定資料率以及蝙碼調 變方案以及(2)各選取的傳送頻道所使用的傳送功率(戋縮 放因數),以使各群組中的頻道在接收器處都具有類似的作 號品質(即轉換選取的傳送頻道)。 此處所述之技術亦可用於在定義為除單一特徵模式以 外之模式的群組上實施可選擇頻道轉換。例如,一群組可 定義為包括多重特徵模式的頻率檔,或只是與一或多個特 徵模式的頻率檔相同,等等。 為清晰起見,已明確說明了 MIMO-OFOM系統中每一特 徵模式上可選擇頻道轉換的實施技術。該等技術亦可用於 不使用OFDM的多重輸出多重輸入系統。此外,儘管已經 按正向鏈路明確說明了特定具體實施例,該等技術亦可應 用於反向鏈路。 此處所述之技術可藉由各種構件實施。舉例而言,這些 技術可貫施在硬體、軟體或其組合令。對於硬體實施方 案,貫施該等技術之任一種或一組合所使用元件的範圍 為:一或多個特定應用積體電路(ASIC)、數位信號處理器 (DSP)、數位信號處理裝置(DspD)、可程式邏輯裝置(pLD)、 場可程式閘極陣列(FPGA)、處理器、控制器 '微控制器、 微處理器、其他為實行本文所述功能設計的電子單元或其 組合。 對於軟體實施,此處所述之技術可使用執行在此說明的 該等功能之模組實施(例如程式、功能等)^軟體代碼可儲 存在一記憶體單元内(如,圖3的記憶體332或3 72)及由一處 87638-990106.doc -30- ^24862 理器執行(如控制11 330或37〇)。記憶體單元可實施在處理 器内部或處理器外部’在此情況下,記憶體單元可經由技 藝中热知的各種裝置以通信方式耦合至處理器。 此處所包括用於參考的標題係、用來輔助定位某些段落。 這些標題並不是要限制此處所述之觀念的範圍,而這些觀 念可以應用到整個說明文件的其他段落。 前面對該等已揭露之具體實施例所作的說明可讓熟習 本技術的人士製造或利用本發明。熟悉技術人士應明白該 等具體實施例可進行各種修改,而且在此定義的—般原理 可應用於其他具體實施例而不背離本發明之精神或範疇。 因此,本發明並不意味著受限於在此所示的該等具體實施 例,而係符合與在此揭示的該等原理及新穎特徵相一致的 最廣範疇。 【圖式簡單說明】 本發明的特徵、性質及優點可從以上詳細說明及配合附 圖之後,即可更為瞭解,其中類似的參考符號代表整篇中 相對應的元件,其中: 圖1說明了一MIMO-OFDM系統之特徵值分解。 圖2所不的係三個傳送方案(例如4 χ4多重輸出多重輸入 系統)所獲得的平均頻譜效率之曲線圖; 圖3係MIMO-OFDM系統中一接取點與一使用者終端機 之方塊圖; 圖4係接取點中一發射器單元之方塊圖;以及 圖5係使用每一特徵模式之可選擇頻道轉換處理資料的 87638-990106.doc -31 - 1324862 一流程圖。 【圖式代表符號說明 300 3 10 312 314 320 322 324 350 352 354 360 400 412 414 416 422 430 432 434 440 450 452 87638-990106.doc MIMO-OFDM 系統 接取點 資料源 傳送資料處理器 ΤΧ ΜΙΜΟ處理器 OFDM調變器 天線 使用者終端機 天線 解調變器 RX ΜΙΜΟ處理器 發射器單元 編碼器/擊穿器 頻道交錯器 符號映射元件 快速富利葉轉換單元 功率配置單元 00 — 早70 χΐΌ 一 早兀 信號縮放單元 空間處理器 多工器 -32- 1324862 322a 調變器 324a至 324t 天線 330 ' 370 控制器 332 、 372 記憶體 352a至 352r 天線 87638-990106.doc -33-

Claims (1)

  1. 拾、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種在一多重輸出多重輸入(MIM0)通信系統中處理傳 送資料之方法,其包括: 將複數個可用傳送頻道配置成複數個群組;以及 針對將用於資料傳送的各傳送頻道群組, 在該群組中選用一或多個傳送頻道,以及 決定各選取的傳送頻道的—縮放因數,以便各群組 中該等-或多個選取的傳送頻道具有類似的已接收到 的信號品質。 2·如申請專利範圍第旧之方法,其中各群組包括對應於— 多重輸出多重輸人頻道的—特定特徵模式之所有傳送頻 道0 3.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,尚包括: 將總傳送功率配置至該等複數個群組,且其中各群组 中該等-或多個選取的傳送頻道的該等一或多個縮放因 數係部分依據配置至該群組的該傳送功率決定。 4. 如申請專利範圍第3項之方 丹τ將该總傳送功率均勻 地配置至該等複數個群組。 5. 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,1 , 甲依據填水法將該總傳 送功率配置至該等複數個群組。 6. 如申請專利範圍第5項之方 八中’橫跨該等複數個可 87638-990106.doc 1324862 用傳送頻道實施該填水法,且其h置至料組的該傳 送功率係依據配置至該群組中該等複數個傳送頻道的傳 送功率。 7. 如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其 〃、 依據該寺複數個群 組的平均信號對雜訊及干擾比(SNR)實施該填水法。 8. 如申請專利範圍第5項之方法, Γ任頻道轉換後,依據 該等複數個可用傳送頻道的平均信號對雜訊及干擾比 (SNR)實施該填水法。 9-如申請專利範圍第】項之方法 次 右辟組係要用於 貝料傳送’則選用該群組中所有的傳送頻道。 10.如申請專利範圍第丨項之方法,尚包括: 依據一或多個編碼與調變方案 貪枓進仃編碼與調 變’以提供調變符號;及 依據用於傳送該調變符號 浔迗頻道的縮放因數對 各調變符號進行縮放。 11. 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法,其 — 、 各傳送頻道群組 的資料都依據-獨立編碼方案進行編碼。 12. 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法, Ύ 所有傳送頻道群 組的資料都係依據一共同編碼方素進行編碼且其中各 群組的編碼資料係以一該群組選用的比率進行擊穿。 13·如申請專利範圍第10項之方法,尚包括: 87638-990106.doc -2 · 預調節已縮放的調變符號。 如申清專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,該多重輸出多重輸 入系統實施正交分頻多工(OFDM)。 種在一多重輸出多重輸入(ΜΙΜΟ)通信系統中之發射 器單元,其包括: 料處理器,其可運作以依據一或多個編竭與調 變方案對資料進行編碼與調變,以提供調變符號;以及 ,一ΤΧΜΙΜ⑽理器,其可運作以在用於資料傳送的傳 达頻道的各複數個群組内,選取__或多個傳送頻道決 ^各選取的傳送頻道的-縮放因數,以使各群组中的該 等或夕個選取的傳送頻道具有類似的已接收到的信號 品質’並依據用於傳送該調變符號的該傳 放因數縮放各調變符號。 的亥縮 16.如申凊專利範圍第15項之發射器單元,其中,該η ΜIΜ Ο處理益尚運作以脾她质、、, 運乍以將總傳廷功率配置至該等複數個 群組,且其中各群組中兮耸— 、 以等或夕個選取的傳送頻道的 該等一或多個縮放因數係部分依據配置至該群組的該傳 送功率決定。 發射器單元,其中該Τχ 17.如申請專利範圍第ls項之 ΜΙΜΟ處理器係運作以 其中各群 向傳送頻道的複數個群組配置總傳送功率, 87638-990106.doc -3- 18. 括對應於—多重輸入多重輸出頻道的一特定特徵模 式之所有傳送頻道。 士申。月專利範圍第15項之發射器單元,其中該τχ mim〇 處理器進-步運作以預調節已縮放的調變符號。 19. 20. 種在夕重輸出多重輸入(ΜΙΜΟ)通信系統中之裝 置’其包括: 配置構件’其用於將複數個可用傳送頻道配置成複數 個群組; k取構件,其用於在各群組中選取一或多個傳送頻道 用於資料傳送;及 决疋構件,其用於決定各選取的傳送頻道的一縮放因 數,以便各群組中該等一或多個選取的傳送頻道具有類 似的已接收到的信號品質。 如申請專利範圍第19項之裝置,尚包括: 名碼與調變構件,其依據一或多個編碼與調變方案對 資料進行編碼與調變以提供調變符號;及 縮放構件,其用於依據用於傳送該調變符號之該傳送 頻道的该縮放因數’對各調變符號進行縮放。 87638-990106.doc -4 -
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