TW555778B - Process for the preparation of water-soluble pi-conjugated polymers - Google Patents

Process for the preparation of water-soluble pi-conjugated polymers Download PDF

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TW555778B
TW555778B TW090102106A TW90102106A TW555778B TW 555778 B TW555778 B TW 555778B TW 090102106 A TW090102106 A TW 090102106A TW 90102106 A TW90102106 A TW 90102106A TW 555778 B TW555778 B TW 555778B
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Lambertus Groenendaal
Friedrich Jonas
Tom Cloots
Frank Louwet
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Bayer Ag
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G61/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G61/12Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G61/122Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
    • C08G61/123Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
    • C08G61/126Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G61/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G61/12Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/06Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
    • H01B1/12Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
    • H01B1/124Intrinsically conductive polymers
    • H01B1/127Intrinsically conductive polymers comprising five-membered aromatic rings in the main chain, e.g. polypyrroles, polythiophenes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/30Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/48Conductive polymers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54Electrolytes
    • H01G11/56Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004Details
    • H01G9/022Electrolytes; Absorbents
    • H01G9/025Solid electrolytes
    • H01G9/028Organic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. TCNQ
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13Energy storage using capacitors

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Description

555778 A7 五 5 10 15 20 發明說明( 化學聚合时法於水料中㈣水溶性的 主顳6,十年中’ π -共.厄南分子化合物成為許多刊物的 喊。匕們也被稱為導電性聚合物或合成金屬。 你s由於其主鏈上有許?未定域的π—電子,使得這些聚合i 物展現有趣的(非線性)光學特 口 絲, +則生而且在經過氧化或還原 ^成為良好料電體。因此這些化合物未來也 種貫際應用的領域中扮演一個具領導性的活躍角色,例 如·應用^資料儲存,光訊號處置,抑制電磁波的干择, :陽;的轉換’再充電式電池,發光二極體,場效應電晶 體,電路板,感測器,及抗靜電材料等。 已知的卜共軛聚合物有:聚吡咯,聚噻吩,聚苯胺, 聚乙块’聚次苯基,及聚(對-次苯基-次亞乙烯基)等。它 們可經由各種化學與電化學聚合法製得。工業上製造這些 π-共軛聚合物的方法則以單體化合物之化學聚合最為普 遍。 、疋-共軛聚合物的發展曾因其製程上的困難受阻了一 段時日。有些困難在第一個可溶性共軛聚合物,即聚(3一 烷基噻吩),製成時獲得解決。後者能在有機溶劑中操作, 故可使用旋轉被覆法將它加諸於擔體上。由於環保意識日 增,業界極力發展水溶性的共軛聚合物。含磺化基之聚噻 吩仍舊最先被發展出來。因為含有磺化基,使得這些噻吩 k易溶解於水溶液中,故可避免使用不受歡迎的溶劑, 如··氣仿及乙腈。在水溶性的聚噻吩首製後,其他的共輕 頁 訂 4 [_______ 3 本紙張尺度適用中關家標準(CNS)A4規格⑵〇 χ 297公i 555778 A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
I I 訂 請 先 閱 讀 背 面 之 注 意 事 項j 再攀 填 寫裝
本衣 頁 I
I ^5778
五、發明說明(3 ) 嶄新的水溶性π—共軛聚合物。 少本發明故為一種製備水溶性7Γ-共軛聚合物之方法,
------------裝--------訂------ (請先閱讀背面之注音?事項再填寫本頁)
n ϋ I 係將具刀子式1之噻吩衍生物單體於水溶液中,使用一種 氧化劑進行聚合。 ^¾部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
適用的陽離子M+如··氫離子(H+),鋰離子(Li + ),鈉離 子(如0,鉀離子〇〇 ,铷離子(Rb+),铯離子(Cs + ),及銨 離子(NV)等’其中尤其合宜的為鈉離子與鉀離子。 本發明製法中,較適用的單體為具分子式丨之噻吩衍 生物,其中: X與Y 為氧, 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 x 297公釐) 555778
五、發明說明(千)Z R2 R3M+5 m與n s Ρ 為〜(CH2)m-CR2RL(CH2)n—,為氫或 _(CH2)s〜〇-(CH2)P-S03_M+, 為、(ch2)s-o—(ch2)p—s〇3-r, 為一陽離子, 可相同或相異,為0至3的整數 為0至10的整數,及 為1至18的整數。 10 衍生法中’尤其合用的單體為具分子式1之切 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 15 X與Υ 為氧, Ζ 為-(CH2)-CR2R3—(CH2)n 一, R2 為氫, R3 為-(CH2)S-0-(CH2)P-s〇3-M+, Μ+ 為鈉離子或卸離子, η 為0或1, S 為0或1,及 Ρ 為4或5。 » . 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 ο 2 皁體化合物均屬已知,其製法陳述於:chevrot等人所 著,期刊 J· Electroanal· Chem· , 1998 年,第 443 期, 第 217 至 226 頁,Lecl ere 等人所著,期刊 Adv. Mater.,1997 年,第9期,第1087至1094頁,及Reynolds等人所著, 期刊 Polymer Reprints, 1997 年,第 38 卷,第 2 期,第
555778
五、發明說明($ ) 320 頁。 單體化合物之聚合使用適宜的氧化劑在水中進行。適 宜的氧化劑如:鐵(三價)鹽,尤指氯化鐵,及芳香族與脂肪 族磺酸之鐵(三價)鹽,過氧化氫,重鉻酸鉀,硫代硫酸鉀, 硫代硫酸鈉,高錳酸鉀,鹼金屬之過硼酸鹽,及鹼金屬或 銨之過硫酸鹽,或這些氧化劑之混合物。有更多的氧化劑 亦被陳述,例如:在Marcel Dekker公司1986年紐約出版 之”導電性聚合物手冊”(Skotheim編輯)的第1冊,第46 至57頁。尤其合用的氧化劑為氯化鐵,硫代硫酸鈉,與硫 代硫酸钟’或其混合物。 本發明的製法宜於-20至lOOt之溫度下進行,尤以反 應溫度20至l〇〇°C為佳。 更多的水溶性溶劑亦可加至反應物混合水溶液中。適 用的溶劑如:脂肪族醇類,例如:甲醇,乙醇,異丙醇, 丁醇,雙丙酮醇,乙二醇,及甘油等。同樣適用的尚有脂 肪族酮類,如:丙酮與甲基乙基甲酮’及脂肪族腈類,如:曰 乙腈。 、l 5 10 15 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印
所獲得的聚噻吩十分容易溶於水中。 由於這些化合物至今仍屬未知,故本發明進而 分子式11之聚噻吩製法: x /、
q I _— _ 7 本紙張尺度適财賴家標準(CNSM4規格__(2〗〇 X 297公f (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^5778 五、 ίο 發明說明(6 ) 其中: X與Y Z R1 ..i R2 R3 M+ m與η 、 s P q A7 B7 可相同或相異,為氧,硫,或N-R1 為〜(CH2)m-CR2R3-(CH2)n-, 為芳香烴,C!-C18之烧基或氫, 為氫或-(CH2)S-0-(CH2)P-S03f, 為〜(CH2)s-0-(CH2)P-S03-M+, 為一陽離子, 可相同或相異,為0至3的整數 為0至10的整數, 為1至18的整數,及 為2至1 0000的整數。 15 適用的聚合物為具分子式II之聚噻吩,其中χ與、 為氧,而2’1?2’1^,诞+,111,11,3,1),與(1之定義同上 尤其合用的聚合物為具分子式Π之聚噻吩,其中· 經 濟 部 智 慧 財 產 局 員 工 消 費 合 作 社 印 製 20 X與Y 為氧, Z 為-(CH2)-CR2R3-(CH2)n R2 為氫, R3 為-(CH2)s-0-(CH2)p-SO M+ 為鈉離子或卸離子, η 為0或1, S 為0或1, Ρ 為4或5,及 Q 為3至1000的整數。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公髮) --------訂·--------· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 555778 A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(7 ) 刀子式11之♦噻吩為陽離子形式。由於電荷分佈於 整個分子,故其正電荷未表示於分子式中。 、 聚合反應後,聚嗟吩溶液可再加純化。這尤其是包括去除 鹽份。除鹽宜使用離子交換樹脂,在最簡單的情況下,可 直接加入聚噻吩溶液中。或者,亦可藉管柱層析除鹽。 本發明亦關於使用具分子式n之聚噻吩以製備導電 性的被覆料。 為達此目的,聚嗟吩溶液於純化後,可使用洗禱或印 刷的方法加諸於基質。澆鑄的方法例如:幕簾塗佈 (curtain coating)與旋轉塗佈(spin c〇ating)。印刷的方 法例如:凹版印刷,平版印刷,及網式印刷(screen printing)等。 基貝諸如玻璃與塑膠,例如:聚碳酸酯,聚酯,聚丙 烯酯等。 : 適宜的塗層厚度為1〇-2至1〇2微米。 具分子式II之聚嗟吩塗層的表面電阻在1與歐 姆/[ΙΚΟΙιπι/ϋΙ)之間,較適宜於10與歐姆/□之間。 為了增加塗層的導電性,可於溶液中加入添加劑。適 用的添加劑於歐洲專利ΕΡ-Α686 662中有所陳述 為了增加塗層有關黏著與耐刮的機械性能,可於溶液 中加入黏結劑及交聯劑。適用此目的者如:使用於聚—3,4—| 伸乙二氧基ϋ塞吩/聚苯乙稀績酸(p〇ly-3, 4- ethylenedioxythiophene/polystyrenesulfonic acid)系 統之方法,見述於歐洲專利EP-A825 219 5 10 15 20 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 x 297公釐 .555778 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 _ B7_ _ 五、發明說明(客) 具分子式II之聚噻吩尤其重要的應用領域例如有: -資料儲存 -光訊號處置 -抑制電磁波的干擾(EMI) 5 -太陽能的轉換 -再充電式電池 -電極 -發光二極體 -場效應電晶體 1〇 -感測器 -電鉻嵌板(electrochromic panes) -抗靜電材料,尤其是電子原件的包裝薄膜及照相軟片 的支撐薄膜 -影印機滾筒的被覆料 15 '電路板與多層體(multi layers)之中間艘膜 (through-plating) 本發明之聚》塞吩適用於固態的電解質電容器,其基體 為组’銳’或铭。電容器依下述操作步驟製得· 20. 1·金屬正電極經電化學氧化方式以塗佈絕緣的金屬氧化 層。 2·使用本發明的聚噻吩溶液,將金屬正雷 蜀此冤極加以含浸及乾 燥一次或多於一次,製得導電性的相對電極 (counterelectrode) 〇 ------------裝·--- (請先閱讀背面之注咅?事項再填寫本頁} 訂---------
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
555778 Α7 I ------— Β7 五、發明說明(?) 依此法製彳于的電容器以低等值系列(1⑽叫uivalent series)之電阻與優良的高頻率性能著稱。 實例 在下列的實驗中,以4-(2,3-二氫噻嗯並[3,4-][1,4] 5 二氧°引一 2—甲草醯)—卜丁烷磺酸(EDT - S)(4-(2,3- dihydrc)thi_[3,4—][U]diQXin-2-ylmetk)xy) + butanesulfonic acid (EDT—s)之鈉鹽作為單體使用,其 製法可參照Chevrot等人之陳述(期刊j. Electr〇anal·
Chem·,1998 年,第 443 期,第 217 至 226 頁)。 10 實例1 使用氯化鐵作為氧化劑製備聚(4—(2, 3-二氫噻嗯並 [3,4-b][l,4]二喔星(di〇xin)-2-基甲氧基)—卜丁烷磺酸 鈉鹽(EDT-S) a在氬氣下將0·496公克的EDT—S(1.5毫摩爾)溶解於 18 *升的蒸餾水中。〇· 97公克(6毫摩爾)的氯化鐵隨後一 人正批加入。溶液於室溫下攪拌8小時,並加熱至1⑽。。 維持3小時,#予冷卻及純化。進行純化時,心夜以蒸鶴 水稀釋至重量的1%後,加入9公克的^㈣衍俨與g公克的 LeWatit,P,再將混合溶液於室溫下攪拌4小時。除去離 子交換樹脂後得到深藍色的高分子溶液。 固體含量:1%之重量 鐵含量: 0. 0019%之重量 鈉含量: 0. 24%之重量 1公克的高分子溶液以各1公克的水,丙明,與 ^-------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
本紙張尺度適用t國^^標準(CNS)A4規格⑵G χ 297公髮 555778 A7 五、發明說明(l〇 ) 加以稀釋,並使用塗覆刀將之塗佈至對苯二酸—乙二醇縮聚 物之薄膜上(溼膜厚度60微米)。於室溫下乾燥後薄層的表 面電阻在1為1〇8歐姆/□。 RT : ^ 室溫 5 Lewatit®S100 Bayer AG公司之陽離子交換樹脂 Lewatit®MP 62 Bayer AG公司之陰離子交換樹脂 .實例2 使用硫代硫酸鈉作為氧化劑製備聚(4—(2,3-二氫嘍嗯 並[3,4-b][l,4]二喔星-2-基甲氧基)-i —丁烷磺酸鈉鹽 (EDT-S) 含硫代硫酸鈉(〇· 267公克,1. 12毫摩爾)與硫酸鐵 (0.0025公克)之蒸餾水溶液(25ml),經排氣後在氬氣下傺 存。將EDT-S之鈉鹽(〇· 25公克,〇· 76毫摩爾)一次整批力t 入後,溶液於室溫下攪拌24小時。混合溶液於1〇〇〇c下月 攪拌2小時。反應混合物隨之冷卻至室溫。此深藍色溶液 以洛館水稀釋至固體含量為,並加入Lewatit®s ι〇〇([ 公克)及Lewatit®MP 62(5公克),過濾去除離子交換樹脂 後得到深藍色的高分子溶液。 10 15 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 ----訂------ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製

Claims (1)

  1. 555778 A8 B8 C8 D8
    申請專利範圍
    ,.和寸 專利申請案第90102106號 ROC Patent Appln. No. 90102106 修正之申請專利範圍中文本-附件(一) Amended Claims in Chinese - Encl.d) (民國92年4月2日送呈) (Submitted on April 2 , 2003) 1. 一種製備水溶性7Γ-共軛聚合物之方法,其特徵在於 式I噻吩衍生物單體 10
    (I) 15 其中: X與Υ 可相同或相異,為氧,硫,或N-R、 Ζ 為-(CH2)E-CR2R3-(CH2)n- 20 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 25 R1 為芳基,之烷基或氳, R2 為氫或-(CH2)s-0-(CH2)p-S〇3li+, R3 為-(CH2)s-0-(CH2)p-S〇31T, M+ 為一陽離子, m與n 可相同或相異,為0至3的整數, s 為0至10的整數,及 p 為1至18的整數, 於水溶液中在自-20°C至100°C之溫度下使用一種 選自包含鐵(III)鹽、H2〇2、K2Cr207、K2S208、 Na2S2〇8、KM11O4、驗金屬之過侧酸鹽及鹼金屬 或銨之過硫酸鹽的氧化劑或此等氧化劑之混合物 -13 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 90007B-接 555778 as B8 , C8 _D8_ 六、申請專利範圍 被聚合。 2.根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其特徵在於式I噻 吩衍生物單體,其中: X與Y 為氧, 5 Z 為-(CH2)-CR2R1 2 3-(CH2)n-, R2 為氫, R1 為—(CH2)S—0—(CH2)P—S〇3M+ ’ M+ 為鈉離子或鉀離子, η 為0或1, 10 s 為0或1,及 P 為4或5, 被聚合 〇
    本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210x297公釐) 1 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其特徵在於所使用 的氧化劑為氯化鐵,硫代硫酸鈉,硫代硫酸钟,或其 15 混合物。 2 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其特徵在於聚合反 應乃於反應溫度20至100°C下進行。 3 —種式II之聚噻吩, 8 8 8 8 A B c D 555778 六、申請專利範圍 X與Y 可相同或相異,為氧,硫,或N-R1 ’ Z 為-(CH2)ra-CR2R3-(CH2)n-, R1 為芳基,Cl_Cl8之烧基或氮’ R2 為氮或 _(CH2)S-0-(CH2)P-S〇3M+ ^ 5 R3 為-(0112)5-〇-(0112)?-8〇3肘+, M+ 為一陽離子, m與η 可相同或相異,為0至3的整數 S 為0至10的整數, Ρ 為1至18的整數,及 10 Q 為2至10000的整數。 6. —種製造導電塗層之方法,其包含將根據申請專利範 圍第5項之聚噻吩應用至基材。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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DE19633311A1 (de) 1996-08-19 1998-02-26 Bayer Ag Kratzfeste leitfähige Beschichtungen
JPH11238648A (ja) * 1998-02-24 1999-08-31 Nippon Chemicon Corp 固体電解コンデンサとその製造方法
JPH11251191A (ja) * 1998-03-03 1999-09-17 Nippon Chemicon Corp 固体電解コンデンサとその製造方法
JPH11283877A (ja) * 1998-03-30 1999-10-15 Nippon Chemicon Corp 固体電解質とその製造方法
JPH11291410A (ja) * 1998-04-10 1999-10-26 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd 帯電防止内装材

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8334331B2 (en) 2004-02-10 2012-12-18 Heraeus Precious Metals Gmbh & Co. Kg Polythiophene compositions for improving organic light-emitting diode
CN104662628A (zh) * 2012-09-27 2015-05-27 赫劳斯贵金属有限两和公司 自掺杂和外掺杂导电聚合物的混合物在电容器中的用途
CN104662628B (zh) * 2012-09-27 2019-01-18 赫劳斯贵金属有限两和公司 自掺杂和外掺杂导电聚合物的混合物在电容器中的用途

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JP4974095B2 (ja) 2012-07-11
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JP2001261795A (ja) 2001-09-26
KR20010078291A (ko) 2001-08-20
EP1122274A1 (de) 2001-08-08
EP1122274B1 (de) 2003-10-15
KR100733093B1 (ko) 2007-06-27
US6635729B1 (en) 2003-10-21

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