TW533669B - LLC series resonant DC-to-DC converter - Google Patents

LLC series resonant DC-to-DC converter Download PDF

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Publication number
TW533669B
TW533669B TW090122934A TW90122934A TW533669B TW 533669 B TW533669 B TW 533669B TW 090122934 A TW090122934 A TW 090122934A TW 90122934 A TW90122934 A TW 90122934A TW 533669 B TW533669 B TW 533669B
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Taiwan
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converter
inductor
series
transformer
frequency
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TW090122934A
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English (en)
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Guisong Huang
Alpha J Zhang
Yilei Gu
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Delta Electronics Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/338—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement
    • H02M3/3382—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement in a push-pull circuit arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33571—Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Description

533669 五、發明說明（1) 發明背景 1 · 發明範疇 本發明大體上關於包含DC/DC變換作業之電力供應系 、、先 更特別地說’本發明關於一種改良的電路設外如爐 '、生 達到更佳功率變換效率、更寬大作業範圍及“的"軟
性能。 P 2 ·習知技藝說明 習知技藝之共振DC/DC變換器的設計和製造面對著低 功率變換效率和窄小作業範圍的限制。明確地說，在一一習 知脈波寬度調變（PWM )轉換器中，為了在—輸入電壓下白 2的環i兄下達到一保持時間，必須就工作循環和其他作業 茶數有所妥協以在一低輸入電壓條件下達到保持時間要〃 求三犧^功率變換效率以求以在其正常範圍内之輸入電壓 進二正常作業。此種無法將電路設計最佳化以適切選^最 ^合一正常輸入電壓範圍之共振網絡參數的難題造成電力 ^ ^。此外，如下文中所將進一步說明，習知共振變換器 日^ 限的輸入和輸出電壓範圍且其在以一共振電路實‘ 才1工j限制了 DC/DC變換器的應用彈性。 習知有兩種共振變換器，亦即串列共振變換器和 共振#抽74 電容換器。以一全橋或半橋結構實行時，會使用一電感 Μ Ύ ( C )共振迴路以創造半導體開關之無損耗接通或斷 開的條株 & 界， 第一圖顯示一以半橋結構實行之串列共振變換 一、二中負載與共振迴路串列連接。相對地，第二圖顯示 以半橋結構實行之並列共振變換器，其中負載與共振電
533669 五、發明說明（2) 容器並聯排列 開關在零電壓 節輸出電壓， 變開關頻率控 點在於其需要 出且此輸出無 路與負載為並 無負載條件下 此，功率變換 變換器和並列 窄小範圍的限 第三圖顯 係由並列共振 於並列共振變 壓調節性能提 壓之較窄小範 因此，需 並提高變換效 的電路架構， 條件為基礎之 間之保持時間 發明概述 。整體而言，當開關頻率高於共振頻 條件接通，從而消弭接通開關損耗。' %， 串列共振變換器和並列共振變換器應用:調 制方法。就一串列共振變換器來說， 可 一較大頻率範圍以調節一寬大負載範圍^ ^ 法在無負載條件下得到良好調節。 輪 聯連接之案例來說，一並列共振變換器=， 調節輸出電壓。然而環流能量明顯地=% 效率隨負載減小而快速降低。又，串=此因 共振變換器二者之性能都受到輸人電壓^ ^ 制。 平乂 7LCC共、振變換器之電路圖。LCC共振變換哭 k換器添加一串列共振電容器Cs得到。相幸I 換器’ LCC共振變換器之環流能量降低且電乂 升然而，LCC共振變換器仍受限於輸入電 圍。 ，一種改良的共振冑換器、加寬輸人 J以解決上述難題。明確地說，f要一種； 二要能保留軟開關特性同時容許以正常作業 包路SX计最佳化而不受限於輸入電壓下降其月 要求。 / 因此本發明之/目的為 構造及Μ ϋ 幻馮耗出一種新穎的DC/DC變換i W <汉兵5又叶和制告方& 衣 乂心向變換效率同時保留軟開
f 8頁 533669 五、發明說明（3) 特性且容許為一正常作業條件將電路設計最佳化。因此該 新穎經改良的DC/DC變換器讓習於此技藝者能夠克服〜 技藝的難題。 & 明確地說，本發明之一目的為提出一種構造和方 一 DC/DC變換器提供一LLC共振網絡以具有雙重特徵共振艇 率使得輸出電壓能夠藉由調整一 _輸入開關之開關週、 方式控制。輸入和輸出電壓之範圍能夠以這些作業和控、 =性為基礎更有彈性地調整且電路設計能夠便利地以一 常作業條件為基礎最佳化。 簡短地說，在一較佳實施例中，本發明揭示—種 變換器。霞/DC變換器包含一方波產生器用來產生 ：：有:f波波形之一系列輸出電壓。該DC/DC變換器更包
列電容器連接於一串列電或哭^，§亥=迴路包括一串 變換器更包含_變壓哭一並列電感器。該DC/K 接於該並列電感器。該變壓=於歹」：感為且並 整流電路以對一冑出負_ =包含二次侧㈣連接於-列電容器與該串列電成；2供-已整流DC電壓。該串 “表示，且該串列；提供-第-特徵共振頻率以 用提供-第二特徵共振；G串列電感器及並列電感器作 佳實施例中，該第 m表不，λ中fs>f，在-較 特徵共振頻率為振頻率為^ ，且第二 —電容，Ls代表串列電感哭二，其中Cs代表串列電容器之 一電感且Lm代表並列電感器
533669 五、發明說明（4) 之一電感。 上述及其他本發明目的和優點在習於此技藝者閱覽過 後續以不同圖式繪製之較佳實施例的詳細說明後毫無疑問 會變得明確。 圖式簡單說明 第一圖為一習知串列共振DC/DC變換器之電路圖； 第二圖為一習知並列共振DC/DC變換器之電路圖； 弟二圖為一習知LCC串列並列共振DC/DC變換器之電路 圖； 第四圖為一本發明LLC串列共振DC/DC變換器之電路 圖； 第五圖為一第四圖之LLC共振DC/DC變換器的等效電 路， 弟六圖顯不LLC共振DC/DC變換器在f：=fs時之波形· 第七圖顯示L L C共振D C / D C變換器在f m < f〈 ^ $時之波形· 第八圖顯示L L C共振D C / D C變換器在f > f s時之波形· 第九圖為一竹生電路*共振電感整合在變壓5|内· 第十圖為一本發明變換器在輸出侧有一全橋整流界之 電路圖， 第十一圖為一本發明變換器在輸入側有一全橋反相器 之電路圖；且 w 第十二圖為一本發明變換器有一串接之雙半橋的電路 圖。 較佳實施例詳細說明
五、發明說明（5) 第四圖顯示一本私日日士 簡圖。此新型共振變“勺人列共振DC/DC變換器之電路 振網絡12。，一高頻夂變換/4Γ =器U°’，^ 滹波琴150。方& * 4· 〇，一整流電路14(3和一輸出 mi5G。方波產生器電路u 個開關（S1和S2 )。除了 —主抵I反相器且含有一 一全_反；@ π i & 丰橋反相器之外，亦可能使用 H ; 電4。LLC共振網絡120跨接於第二 開關S 2之二個端子（亦g 5设 ^ 接ϋ洳斷Π m丌、子和）以在開關51和“交替 t洋断開之¥接收方波信號。LLC共振迴路12〇包含一串 r=c:串/於一串列電感器L〜共振二。更包 :網二：ί W並接於變壓器130之-次側繞組。該共 c =方:二電容器Cs有兩個功能。第-，串列電容器 icm 電壓、之直流分量通往變壓器
一丘游雷路二器Cs亦與串列電感器^ *並列電感器Lm形成 。it j電感器Ls得如第四圖所示實施成一外在 、’· 茨疋Λ知成變壓器之漏電感。此外，並列電感器L 亦此實施成一外在電感器或為變壓器丨3 〇之磁化電感。。 由人側繞組耦接於二次侧繞組構成之高頻變壓器 130為該變換器之輸出電壓提供匹配和絕緣。整流電路14〇 二包含一極體D1和D2 )形成一中心抽頭整流器，且將共 振電流II變成|向電流。編更用—全橋整流器取代中心 抽頭整抓^。輸出濾波器i 5 〇包含一電容器C。渡出高頻脈 動電流且橫跨輪出負載提供一無脈動恆定輸出電壓v 。 依據本發明，施加於開關S1_之閘控信號為互補 的。此一互補is號中任一者之工作循環為5 〇 %。使用一可 533669 五、發明說明（6) 變作業頻率控制以 ^ ^ V。。參照第五圖以二替接通和斷開此二開關調節輪出電壓 特性。明確地說，士寺效電路說明LLC共振變換器之作業 DC/DC變換器有兩°圖所示今以LLC共振網絡實施之共. 和第二特徵共振頬率f徵頻率點為該第一特徵共振頻率fs& LLC共振變換器之作掌 (1 ) f = fs 業原理得以三個案例加以說明： 參照第六圖顯示者 時之LLC共振變換器作田業;y、。=:串列共振頻率fs相同 於一大地電壓與一輪入電屢^ ，一跨端子a和B之電壓Vab 時’圖中顯示共振迴路電流/η( t )、、頻率fs接通和斷開之 列電容器Cs之電壓Vc(t)的高L頻分正弦波形。橫跨串 過並列電感器Lm之電流im(t)同步二亦有一純正弦波形。通 致以一線性函數在一高電壓與雷=之接通—斷開循環大 輸入電壓Vin與輸出電壓v間之關、、間實質增加和減少。 卜上 。之關係得以下式表示： 2n ( 3 ) 其中η為變壓器變比，其定義 組匝數對二次侧繞組匝數的比。 的d υ之一次侧繞 (2 ) fm<f<fs 麥照第七圖顯示開關頻率介於兩 (亦即fm<Kfs )時之LLC共振變換器作政古、振頻率之間 卞菜波形。當橫跨開 ΪΗ 第12頁 533669 五、發明說明（7) 冗之1壓為高以H I共振料12〇具備 壓時，發生一串列共振通過L 赛』罝机％ 輸出:則^列共振之—半週期的n間送至 = 下降至零。輸出側整流器自= 振轉移至Cs和L八。在此作業模式中，共振電、二 充電。由於Lm遠比LsA，共振電流在1此 時距内幾乎為恆定。 心 #达匕 當為斷開且開關以為接通時，電壓να降為穴 二m和匕之間的共振由儲存於共振電容内之 : 動。波形大致對稱於前主、闽如 .. 里起 得表示為： 、+週』。輸入與輸出t壓間之關係 (4 ) ’几為串列共振之週 其中Im為磁化電流之峰值 ργ/ιι™ 1 ° =開加大而提高，且得以依據方 ：J : 輸入電壓作業藉由加大開關週期Τ來維持恒定輸出電=低 章模t為ί ::壯上c串列共振DC/DC變換器之典型和特色作 菜棋式 口為車父南的磁化雷、、古，士柯日日上ο 下 入電壓和輸出負載的全範=幵1關在zvs條件下於輸 因以比第-特徵共振頻率f :頻皁：：此期間次整流器 作業。 只十is低之頻率切換而在ZCS條件下 第13頁 533669 五、發明說明（8) (3) f>fs =第八圖顯示當開關頻率f比第一特徵 2 :即f>fs)時之LLC共振變換器作業波形，本發員革匕
串列共振DC/DC變換器之作業會退化成一 C 換哭。*鬥關Q1 4 co 千曰^匕風白知串列共振變 .：在開關S1和^互補地接通或斷開時僅在L和C之門 出現-共振’在Ls、L，Cs之間不再有共振。之間 從=上詳細說明能瞭解到，就習知共振dc/dc變換器 f門〇 II而又,^文率能在低輸人作業由變換器以特徵共振頻率 出1: t Λ，1在高輸入時開關頻率會較高以調節輸
如此造成較低變換效率作業。就本發明之L 列共振DC/DC變換器而言，得以較低皇 串 哭以k丄 仟以孕乂低頻率切換應用於變換 :以在低輸入作業調節輸出電壓，參照方程 於 二電，，節：因此能在高輸入條件由變換器以特徵)共之振： 率fs開關而最佳化為最大值。此外， / '、 變換器亦因一次侧開關之零電壓=二多7 ^振叱/^ 電流開關而在高頻作業呈現低得s s P二流15之零 明變換器比起習知共振變㈣耗’因此本發 的變換效率。 爻俠-侍運到间侍多 π依據如第四圖至第八圖所描述構造和機性之 明侍以數種電路構造實施。電 、 务 第九圖，其中串列電感^和^構绝之一弟—實施例示於 1 qn ^ 楚 並列電感器Lm整合於變壓哭 130内。第十圖顯示本發明之—替豆為 流器，其中在變壓器二次侧會要纟單书一繞組、/、肴王一橋整 不一具備全橋反相器之本發明電 = 圖顯 包路構造的另一實施例。此
533669 友、發明說明（9) 電路適用於高功率應用。第十— 一 略實施例，其具備串接之二個顯2發明之-不同電 電壓及/或高功率系統之應用。…“路適用於高輪入 就本質而言，本發明揭示_ -共振迴路包括提供二個共振】c變換器，其包含 較佳實施例中，該共振迴路ΐ;徵:率之共振電略。在L 列電感器及一並列電“並接；；二列…連接於〜串 串列電感器作用提供一第一特f丘 該串列電容器迤、 串列電容器與該串列電感器及 =fs表不，且讀 特徵共振頻率以fm表示，其中f 冤4 15作用提供〜第一 第一特徵共振頻率為//1仏^ S，m 〃在較佳實施例中，誃 ’其中cs代表串列電=二特徵共振頻率丨 串列電感器之-電感4代表並-之-電纟’ Ls代表 —較佳實施例中，利用變壓 之一電感。在另 且不需要一外在並列電感器: 用，當作並列電感器 作串列電感器且不需要—外在變壓器之漏電感當 雖然已就目前的較佳告 >、t 些說明内容不應解釋為有Γ艮：：：明ί:明，應了解到這 過以上說明内容後毫無疑問地；理解藝者在閱覽 改。因此，預期中所附申往 狄 眾夕曰代方案和修 發明之真實精神和範圍内===圍項係闡釋為涵蓋在本 固内的所有替代方案和修改。
第15頁 533669 圖式簡單說明 110 方波產 生 器 120 LLC共振網絡 130 高頻變 壓 器 140 整流電 路 150 輸出濾 波 器 C〇 : 電容器 串列電容器 頻率 電流
Ls k SI VAB V〇 V、 共振迴路電流 串列電感器 並列電感 S2 :開關 電壓 無脈動恆定輸出電壓 輸入電壓
第16頁

Claims (1)

  1. 533669 六、申請專利範^^' 1 - 1· 一種DC/DC變換器，其包括： 一方波產生器，其用來產生具有一方波波形之一 出電壓； # ~ % 一共振迴路，其連接於該方波產生器，該共振迴路包括 一串列電容器連接於一串列電感器和一並列電感器； 、菱壓器’其有一次侧串接於該串列電感器且並 ㈣t € n 艾接於S 4變壓器更包含二次侧用來連接於一整流電路以對一輸 出負載電路提供一已整流DC電壓； 該整流電路更包括一濾波電容器用來過濾對該 電流輸出之該已整流DC電壓； 』出負载 口亥串列電容器與該串列電感器作用而提供一第一丘 振頻率以fs表示，且該串列電容器與 4二 歹α器作用而提供一第二特徵共振頻率以4表示，其中 丄s /丄m ， 該^換器於一高於該第二頻率〜之頻率範圍内運作。 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之DC/DC變換哭，苴中. =/DC變：器之作業頻率介於該第二和第二頻率之間 ”業上流；二皮=關於零電壓切換條件 業。 路之整一於零電流切換條件下作 3·如申清專利範圍第1項之DC/DC變換哭，豆中· 該整流電路包括—中心插頭整流電路/…、中· 4·如申4專利範圍第i項之DC/DC變換器，其中：
    第17頁 533669 六、申請專利範圍 f整路包括一全橋整流電路。 兮、，α 。月專利範圍第1項之DC/DC變換器，其中： R 4由'主:貝施成—外在電感器。 哼月專利範圍第1項2DC/DC變換器，其中· 該並列電感哭每说山 丫 · 7 ‘由^ :貝成該變壓器之一磁化電感。 兮志刻:專利範圍第1項之DC/DC變換器，盆中· 感器實施成-外在電感器。 其中 嫜电&命明專利耗圍第1項之dc/dc變換器 q以&由^^感器實^施成該變壓器之一漏電感 其中 兮# # 專利範圍第1項之DC/DC變換器！ 該方波產生器包括一當 rta a _ /、， · 開關用來交替地接通^开1關和一弟二開關互補於該第_ 乂 €地稷通和斷開以產生該方波 Λ弟 • §青專利範圍第1項之DC/DC變換器，复 =波產生器包括四個開關連全 ς · 電壓。 結構以產生方波 1/·如申請專利範圍第i項之…/^變換哭， 該方波產生器包括二個半橋串接在一起：產：中： I2· 一種共振迴路，其連接於DC/DC變座生方波電壓。 次側繞組，該共振迴路包括： 、心内變壓器之一 串列電谷器串接於一串列電感哭和 、 該並列電感器並接於該變壓器一次側繞組並列電感器； 該串列電容器與該串列電感器作用而接’ 振頻率以fs表示，且該串列電容器與該仏一第一特徵共 、平以fm表 及
    列電感器作用而提供一第二特徵共振頻列電感器及該^ 533669 六、申請專利範圍 f s> fm ;且 ^ 該DC/DC變換器於一高於該第二頻率fm之頻率範圍内運 . 作。 13. 如申請專利範圍第1 2項之共振迴路，其中： 該並列電感器整合於該變壓器之磁化電感内。 14. 如申請專利範圍第1 2項之共振迴路，其中： 該串列電感器整合於該變壓器之漏電感内。
    第19頁
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