TW522215B - Heat exchanger and aluminum heat exchanger, core therein and method of fabrication same - Google Patents
Heat exchanger and aluminum heat exchanger, core therein and method of fabrication same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW522215B TW522215B TW091100586A TW91100586A TW522215B TW 522215 B TW522215 B TW 522215B TW 091100586 A TW091100586 A TW 091100586A TW 91100586 A TW91100586 A TW 91100586A TW 522215 B TW522215 B TW 522215B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- straight pipe
- heat exchanger
- item
- pipe section
- fin
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
- F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
- B21D53/08—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of both metal tubes and sheet metal
- B21D53/085—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of both metal tubes and sheet metal with fins places on zig-zag tubes or parallel tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K1/0012—Brazing heat exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
- F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
- F28D1/0435—Combination of units extending one behind the other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D1/0475—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a single U-bend
- F28D1/0476—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a single U-bend the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D1/0478—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
- F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
- F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
- F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
- F28F1/325—Fins with openings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/14—Heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
- F28D2021/0085—Evaporators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2215/00—Fins
- F28F2215/02—Arrangements of fins common to different heat exchange sections, the fins being in contact with different heat exchange media
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2215/00—Fins
- F28F2215/12—Fins with U-shaped slots for laterally inserting conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
- F28F2250/02—Streamline-shaped elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49364—Tube joined to flat sheet longitudinally, i.e., tube sheet
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49373—Tube joint and tube plate structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49377—Tube with heat transfer means
- Y10T29/49378—Finned tube
- Y10T29/4938—Common fin traverses plurality of tubes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
Description
522215 A7 B7 五、發明説明( 1 ) - 發 明範疇 本發明有 關於熱 交換器類,更特定 言之,有關 於硬 焊焊 接 的銘薄板 鰭片熱 交換器。 發 明背景 在具有南 縱橫比 (寬度對高度的比例)的熱交換 器 中 常 需 將多個直 管段設 置在一大致水平的 平面上,以 減低成 本 至 最小。這 類熱交 換器的典型代表, 是在越野車輛 用 的 空 調 系統、冰 閒車輛 用的空調系統,及 貨車用的冷 凍 系 統 中 所 見到的蒸 發器和 冷凝器。特別是當 蒸發器使用 時 , 習 用 的 彎蜓百葉 片結合 水平管路之配置, 由於水份在 績 片 間 的 滯 留,會產 生排水 的問題。也就是說 ,在蒸發器 的 應 用 上 J 必須要有 排除凝 結在熱交換器部件 上的水滴的 設 置 y 俾 以 阻止結冰 而阻礙 空氣流通及劇烈妨礙效率。 由於這類 的和其 它因素的影響,使 歷來所產製 的 高 縱橫 比 的蒸發器 和其它 的熱交換器,採用 圓管薄板鰭 片 的 技術 0 諸圓管是 擺置成 水平方向而薄板績 片成垂直方 向 以 便 水 分沿鰭片 流下、 繞過諸圓管而從熱 交換器的底部 出 來 〇 可 是,當和硬焊的、 平行流動型式的熱 交換器比較 圓 管 薄 板 鰭片熱交換器的 性能,會在三個主要方面上發生 •問 ί 〇 一個陴題 是,諸 圓管大致封擋了空 氣所要通過 的 該 熱 交 換 器正前面 積。因 此,在空氣側有不 良的熱交換t 的結: 杲 0 第二個問 題是, 慣例使用在此類熱 交換器上的 圓 管 和 薄 板 鰭片之間 的機械式結合,不能夠在 圓管和績片 之 間 可 靠 地 提供密接又良妤的熱交換接觸,而其結果, 不 良 的 鰭 -6- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
裝
522215 A7 B7
五、發明説明(2 片-圓管的結合,常常降低熱的轉換。 *第三^個問題是,圓管的使用必須要有相對大的鰭片高度 (鰭片高度是指介於兩相鄰圓管之間的鳍片的長度),這種 大的有效鳍片高度,會導致不良的鰭片效率。 還有另一問題曾經普遍偶而發生在熱交換器上,就是不 足的低空氣側的面積。缺乏充分的面#,會阻礙空氣:的 熱的轉換,這當快速檢討傅立葉(F〇Urier)定律時,即可獲 得證明。因此,最好是增加空氣侧的面積,而不把鰭片的 高度增加到會有不良鰭片效率產生的程度。 本發明是指向於克服上述一個或一個以上的問題。 發明概要 本發明的一個主要目標,在提供一種新而改良的製作熱 交換器的方法,其免除硬焊作業中對夹具的需求。 本發明另一個主要目標,在提供一種新而改良的使用績 片的熱交換器’其鰭片是垂直安置在一有水平的直管段的 父換器上’而明確地說’這樣的熱交換器,在管件和薄板 鰭片之間設置有優越的結合,俾以避免在管件和,鳍片之間 的界面會有不良的熱轉換。 本發明還有一個第三個主要目標,在提供一種新而改良 的熱交換器i採用可使空氣側面積增至最大而不致有不宜 高度增加的薄板鰭片,以致可改進在該熱交換器空氣側的 熱轉換效率。 本發明的一模範具體實施例,可達成該上述第一個主要 目標,包括一種用下列各步驟製作一熱交換器的方法: 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公菱) 522215 A7 B7 五、發明説明(3 ) a) 設置多個大致平行的扁平管熱交換管的直管段,具 有一大尺寸和一小尺寸; b) 設置多數個薄板鰭片,各具有多數個管用切口, y 大 約等於該直管段的數目,每一切口開口在有關鳍片的—邊 緣上,旅具有i) 一形狀,相當於準備收納在該切口中的直 管段之橫斷面形狀,ii) 一深度,小於該準備收納在該切口 中的直管段之大尺寸,及iii) 一寬度,大約等於或稍小於該 準備收納在該切口中的直管段之小尺寸。該方法尚包括步 驟 c) 將該直管段相稱地配裝進各鰭片上對應的切口中, 以使各該直管段的一邊緣,伸出超過將其收納的切口的一 端有一距離; d) 將步騾〇產生的組合擱置在一支持表面上,同時以 諸直管段邊緣與孩支持表面接觸而以諸薄板鰭片伸出在該 直管段的上方;及 e )在該組合尚在該支持表面上而且在沒有使用焊接夾 具來固定該鰭片和該直管段使成組合關係的情況下,讓該 組合必須接受一足以硬焊焊接該鳍片到該直管段上的昇高 溫度。 在-具體實施例中,該直管段是由一彎蜓管路的直線部 分所界定,而在本發明的另一具體實施例中,該直管段是 由管材中的直伸件所界定。 在本發明的—具體實施例中,該直管段的橫斷面為-流 線型,而在另-具體實施例中,該直管段的橫斷面為—糖 本紙張尺度適用巾國@家標準(CNS) A4規格(21GX 297公I) --—--— ---- 522215 A7 B7 五、發明説明(4 ) 圓形狀。 根據前面所認定的該第二個主要目標,備置有一鋁製熱 交換器,其包括第一和第二集流管及至少一個扁平管,後 者伸展在該兩集流管之間而且和該兩集流管成流體連通關 係,並界定多個大致平行的、彼此互相成間隔關係的直管 段。每一直管段具有界定一扁平管大尺寸的兩相對邊緣, 及界定一扁平管小尺寸和多個内通道的兩互連邊壁。有多-個薄板鰭片安排成一疊層,並各具有多個開端的、接納管 件的切口,一個切口接納一個直管段。各切口具有一形狀 大致是為其所接納的直管段橫斷面的形狀,有一等於或稍 微小於對應直管段小尺寸的寬度,及一略為小於對應直管 段大尺寸的深度。每一個直管段都是嵌套在鰭片上對應的 切口中,而各直管段的兩邊緣之一,在於對應鰭片之外。 集流管、i管段、及鰭片集成一硬焊焊接的組合。 在一具體實施例中,薄板鰭片是作成狹長的,而切口開 口在鰭片的一邊緣上。該鰭片的另一長邊則不為該切口所 中斷。 在一具體實施例中,有一加強焊點在於該另一長邊和該 切口之間。 在又另——具體實施例中,薄板鰭片是狹長的,而切口開一 口在.鳍片的兩伸長邊上。 在如此的一具體實施例中,開口在一邊上的切口,是對 齊開口在另一邊上的切口。 在一具體實施例中,直管段是由u形管的兩支股所界定 __ -9- __^ I纸張尺度適财S國家鮮(CNS) A4規格(21GX 297公复)' ---'
装 訂
線 522215 A7 B7 五、發明説明(5 ) ,同時以各U形管的一支股放在開口在薄板鰭片之一長邊 上的切口中、而另一支股則放在開口在另一長邊上的切口 中 0 在如此的一具體實施例中,最好各U形管的每一支股, 在直接鄰接對應的u形管的彎曲部分,包括_ 9〇〇的扭轉。 根據前面已認定的第三個目標,設置一熱轉換器芯部, 其包括多個大致平行的直管段,由扁平的、多通道的管材 所構成,並包括多個成疊層關係的薄板鰭片,該鰭片上具 有足夠用以接納該等直管段的間隔開口。該直管段是設置 在孩開口中,並有一圍繞該開口以硬焊焊接到薄板鰭片的 大尺寸,ΠΠ薄板鰭片在開口之間的部分,在一大致橫貫該 大尺寸的方向上,予以彎曲成拱形,,藉以增加該鳍片的表 面面積而不必增加相鄰兩開口之間的間隔。 在一具韙實施例中,在薄板鰭片上的各開口,是從鰭片 的一邊緣延伸到該鰭片中的切口。 其它的目標和優點,》足以下關連附隨的諸圖式所作的說 明,將可變得更為明白。 圖式說明 圖1為一根據本發明製作的熱交換器之一具體實施例的 側面正視圖;- 圖2為一圖i的具體實施例之剖視圖,大約沿圖【中 線所取者; 圖3為一圖1的具體實施例之剖視圖,大約沿圖1中3_3 線所取者; 522215 A7 B7 五、發明説明(6 ) 一 " 圖4為類似圖2之一視圖,惟係屬於本發明之一改良具體 實施例; 把 圖5為類似圖3之一視圖,惟係屬於圖4所示之具體實施 圖6為本發明又另一具體實施例之一側面正視圖; 圖7為一剖視圖,大約沿圖6中7 - 7線所取者; 圖8為一剖視圖,大約沿圖6中8 - 8線所取者; 圖9為本發明另一經修改的具體實施例之簡要視圖; 圖1〇為本發明用於任何具體實施例中的高度較佳薄板鰭 片結構之片斷剖視圖; 圖11為類似圖10之視圖,惟係屬於該薄板鰭片之一接受 度較差之較佳具體實施例; 圖12為本發明之採用流線型金屬管之橫斷面之一片斷剖 視圖; ° 圖13為一大約沿圖12中之13-13線所取之剖視圖;及 圖14為一圖表顯示四種不同型式的鰭片,即^習用的彎 挺百茱片結構、圖1〇的薄板鰭片、圖i i的薄板續片、及習 用的平直薄板鰭片;全部使用扁平的多通口的金屬管。 較佳具體實施例之說明 尽發明白勺幾個可作為模範的具體實施Μ,將酉己合圖式加 、說月在有關熱父換器的上下文中,常會說到水平直管— 段和垂直伸展的薄板續片。然而,本案無意限制此等實: ,开/怨,除非在中請專利範圍中有所表示。同樣地,雖然 取好熱又換器的組成件是銘或銘合金所製成,本發明的各 -11 - 本紙張尺度適用中@ @家鮮(CNS) Α4規格(21()><297公董1----— 522215 A7
五、發明説明(8 ) 例稱為該管的小尺寸。這在圖3中以"d ’’標示。各臧笮羧24 的兩彎曲端緣或邊緣之間的距離,慣例稱為該管的大尺寸 ,這在圖3中標示為’’ D ”。 該鰭片26是安排成一疊層如圖1和2中所不,璺層中各鰭 片具有一系列的切口 34,其開口在該鰭片26之一邊緣36上 。該鰭片26的另一邊緣38,在圖1 - 3中所示的具體實知例 ,是連續而無中斷的。 該切口 34具有一小於管之大尺寸的深度,典型的’差一 约等於該管段24的圓形邊緣40的彎曲半徑的數額。該切口 34另外還有一形狀相當於該管段24的橫斷面,但在名義上 是永遠稍微略小,以便保證該切口 34的兩邊緣可緊緊夾住 該管段24的兩侧面32。也就是說’該切口 34的見度取好永 遠略小於該管的小尺寸” d ”。 當管段24是用鋁製成時,該集流管2〇、22和鰭片26也要 用鋁製成。最好該集流管20、22和鰭片具有一焊接合金的 外包覆而該管段24是擠壓鋁。另一選擇,該管段24可以是 焊接的’並有外部銘焊接合金包覆在其上’以便形成與該 集規管20、22緊密硬焊接合而與該鰭片26成一良好的結合。 在組合圖1中所示的熱交換器之時,管段24是嵌插進在 集流管20、22上對齊的切口(未圖示)中,而疊層的薄板鰭 片則加裝到該管段上。另一選擇,該鰭片26可先加裝在該 管段上,然後再加裝到該集流管20、22上。不管怎樣,因 為前面提到的該管段24和該切口 34的相對大小的安排,該 管段邊緣40將會伸出超過該鰭片26的邊緣36。而因為有這 _ -13 - 一 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Α4規格(21〇 X 297公釐) 522215 A7 B7 五、發明説明 ( 10 ) -- 排 成 液壓 並 聯' 串聯,或者,必要時,甚至可 用 於冷卻 兩 種 不 同流 體 〇 在 某些 例 子中 ,相鄰兩集流管,像是集流管 20 ,可換成 — 單 獨較 大 的集 流管,以接納兩排管段24。在 這 種情況 下 , 集 流管 22之一 將設置一入口而另一集流管22將要設置 出 a 〇 本發明 還 有另 一個具體實施例顯示於圖6 - 8 中 。在這 個_ 具 體 實施 例 中, 製作有兩排管段,兩者成液壓 串 聯。再 次 為簡 潔 起見 ,相同組件將不重覆說明並將 給 與前面 所 用 的 同樣 的 參照 數碼。在圖6 - 8的具體實施例 中 ,製成 一 極 為 相似 於 圖1 3中所示的熱交換器,使用鰭 片 26,上 面 有 切 口 34只 開口 在鰭片26的一邊緣36上。在這 個 具體實 施 例 中 ,管 段56伸展在兩集流管20、22之間。然 而 ,就一 具 有 相 同正 煎 面積 的熱換器而使用到兩疊層的績 片 來說, 該 管 段 56頗 為 較長 於圖1 - 3的具體實施例的管段 〇 連接在 各 別 的 集流 管 20 > 22上的各疊層,在熱交換器的 中 央留下 一 間 斷 ,總 體 以5 8標示,具有無,鰭片的特徵。 在 組合 及硬焊 之前,使用前述的方法,將該 4k 交換器 各 間 斷 58的 中 央部 分60迴轉一達到包括90°的角度 而且是相 對 各 該管 段5·6的 部分,並且是從各個疊層鰭片 26逐漸進行 以 製成 一 緊密 鄰接各該鰭片26的疊層的彎轉部 分62, 各 間 斷 58的 中 央部 分60是毫無扭曲的,如圖7中 所 示。該 等. 組 件 組合 並 硬焊 之後,繼之可將一集流管20、 22帶進相 互 接 觸 ,如 圖 7所 示,以形成一 180。彎弧部分64 J 介於兩 個 -15- 裝 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 x 297公釐)
訂
522215 A7 B7 五、發明説明(13 ,該管段90的寬度,可製作得等於,或恰好稍微小於,該 管段90的小尺寸。 若需要’在圖12中所示的具體實施例中,或在其它的具 體實施例中,可用到一個或多個狹長的加強肋1〇(),沿各 績片26、50的長度延伸。該加強肋顯示於圖12和13中。就 圖4和5的具體實施例來說,該加強肋將設在鰭片的中央, 在兩排切口之間。除了加強作用以外,加強肋1〇〇在熱交 換器當作一蒸發器使用時,還可增加凝結液的排除。 雖然在圖式中沒有顯示,在多管排的具體實施例中,如 圖4 - 8所7F,在一排的管段可以相對另外的一個或多個管 排,錯開安置。此外,在某些情況中,可能有需要將扁平 管的大尺寸,相對該鰭片的縱長軸傾斜一不是9〇。的角度。 翻到圖14,該圖顯示各種鰭片建構的測試結果,包括圖 10和11中所示的鰭片建構·在内。所點繪者為標準空氣迎面 速度對a)進入溫差的熱通量,以每度華氏每平方呎的英國 熱量單元(btu/ftVF)為單位;及”對空氣側壓降,以吋水 柱為單位。應可了解,本發明的彎曲鰭片,比較起來,優 於傳統的彎蜓鰭片,表示發生在薄板鰭片熱交換器的結合 問題,本發明已予解決。特別要請注意的,就傳統的、平 直薄板鰭片來說,根據本發明製作的鰭片的熱交換性能, 擁有相當的優勢。可以察視到,目1G的績片,在熱轉換和 提供較小空氣側壓降這兩方面,顯示勝過圖丨丨的鰭片。 本發明提供可免除圓形管所生的高阻力的熱交換器 即,増加空氣側恩㈣,並可免除典型發現在這類:交控 木紙張尺度適用巾g g家標準(CNS) Μ規格( χ撕公董)
裝 訂
522215 A7 B7 五、發明説明(14 ) 器上的機械式結合。此外,本發明可讓使用比較小的鰭片 高度成為可能,以避免發生在大鰭片高度的效率的損失。 雖然本發明的熱交換器適合於許多不同的應用,其作為一 蒸發斋使用時尤其有利,這是因為使用了垂直的,鳍片同時 又有加強肋和管段間的間隙,提供優越的凝結液的排除, 那是舊習常會發生在冷凍或空調系統所用的蒸發器上的。 製作已予簡化,一方面在於鰭片26,另一方面在於鰭片 50,可以j吏用相同衝模,只要簡單地在一較寬的鰭片材的 兩邊’重覆衝壓操作即可。此外,藉使該管段的圓邊緣4〇 稍許超過鰭片邊緣36、52、54伸出所提供的獨特好處,讓 各組件的焊接,能夠不必用到該設計來固定鰭片在一共同 平面上的焊接夾具。 奮曲靖片的使用’增加了空氣側的表面面積而不必增加 鰭片的高度,並提供一額外的固有的回彈效益,使得鰭片 切口的邊緣,緊緊夾住該管段的兩側壁32,以進一步確保 在焊接中有一良好的結合。 -19- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐)
Claims (1)
- 522215 第091100586號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍替換本(91年12月) 申請專利範圍 1 · 一種製作熱交換器的方法,包括: a) 設置多個大致平行的扁平管熱交換管的直管段,具 有一大尺寸和一小尺寸; b) 設置多數個薄板鰭片,各具有多數個管用切口,大 約等於該直管段的數目;每一切口開口在相關的鰭 片的一邊緣上,並具有·· i) 开)狀,相當於準備收納在該切口中的直管段之 橫斷面形狀; H) /木度,小於該準備收納在該切口中的直管段之 大尺寸;及 in) —寬度,大約等於或稍小於該準備收納在該切口 中的直管段之小尺寸; c) 將該直管段相稱地配裝進各鰭片上對應的切口中, 以使各該直官段的一邊緣,伸出超過將其收納的切 口的一端有一距離; d) 將步騾c)產生的組合擱置在一支持表面上,同時以 逐諸直管段邊緣與該支持表面接觸,而以諸薄板鰭 片伸出在該直管段的上方;及 e) 在該組合尚在該支持表面上、而且在沒有使用焊接 夾具來固定該鰭片和該直管段使成組合關係的情況 下,讓孩組合必須接受一足以硬焊焊接該鰭片到該 直管段上的昇1¾溫度。 2.根據申請專利範圍第丨項之方法,其中該直管段是由的 本紙張尺度適用中g國家標準(CNS) A4規格(2獻297公茇)’考蜓管路的直伸部分所界定。 3 ·根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法 路組織中的直伸件所界定。 4 ·根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法 面為流線型。 5 ·根據申凊專利範圍第1項之方法 面為橢圓型。 6 ·根據申請專利範圍第i項之方法 口之間的部分是彎曲的。 7·根據申請專利範圍第丨項之方法,其中該鰭片及該直 段係用鋁及/或鋁合金製成。 8· 一種製作鋁及/或鋁合金熱交換器的方法,包括以下 驟: a) 將多個具有多個開端切口的鳍片組合到多個直管段 ,後者具有和該切口一樣的橫斷面形狀,以致各又 管段被收納在該切口中時,有一邊緣突出在該切 外一短距離; b) 將步驟a)所得之組合物擱置在一支持表面上,同 以該等直管段之該邊緣與該支持表面接觸,而該 靖片則在上方不與該支持表面接觸,· c) 將一銘焊接合金放置在該等直管段和該等韓片之 面上;及 d) 在沒有使用焊接夾具來固定該鰭片和該直管段使成 -2- 其中該直管段是由管 其中該直管段的橫斷 其中該直管段的橫斷 其中該鰭片位於該切 管 裝 步 直 時諸 界 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) 申Μ專利範圍 組合關係的情況 ^ r 下,琅以上步驟所得的組合必彡g拉 受鋁焊接溫度達一p Y4 肩接 洛到該直管段上的時間。 下沈 9·根據申請專利範圍第 ,是葵/n 其巾該步驟0之執行 3仃‘叫之前,先以該料接合金將該靖 片和孩直管段之一或兩者覆蓋。 蜻 10·根據申請專利範圍m 、 平管,且有Γ 其中該直管段均為扁 、 大尺寸和-小尺寸,而該切口具有—格 於該大尺寸的深度。 、 u.根據申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其包括在該等切口之 間設置彎曲部分的步驟。 ^ 12.—種製作-熱交換器的方法,包括以下步驟: a) 將多個具有多個開端切口的鰭片組合到多個直管段 ★:後者具有和該切口 —樣的橫斷面形狀,以致各直 管段被收納在該切口中時,有一邊緣突出在該切口 外一短距離; b) 將步驟a)所得之组合物搁置在—支持表面上,同時 :乂該等直管段之該邊緣與該支持表面接觸,而該等 鳍片則在上方不與該支持表面接觸;及 Ο在沒有使用焊接夾具來固定該鳍片和該直管段使成 組合關係的情況下,讓以上步驟所得的組合必須接 受焊接溫度達一段足夠讓該鰭片在地心引力下沈落 到該直管段上的時間。 -3- 本紙張尺度適财g g家標準(CNS) A4規格(21GX297公釐) 522215 六、申請專利範圍 A BCD 13· —種銘熱叉換器,包括: 第一和第二集流管; ^ V個扁平官’在該兩集流管之間伸展並與兩集流 管成流體it通關係、,該扁平管並卩定多^ι大致平行的、 彼此相互成間隔關係的直管段; 各琢直官段具有界定一管之大尺寸的相對的兩邊緣、 及界足一管之小尺寸和内部通道的互連的兩邊壁; 多個鰭片安排成一疊層,並各具有多個開端的、接納 管段的切口,一切口接納一直管段;各切口具有一形狀 ,大致是為其所接納的直管段橫斷面的形狀,有一等於 或稍微小於對應直管段小尺寸的寬度,及一略為小於該 對應直管段大尺寸的深度; 各該直管段嵌套在該鰭片上對應的切口中,而各該直 管段兩邊緣之一,在於對應鰭片之外;及 該集流管、該直管段、及該鰭片集成一硬焊焊接的組 合。 14·根據申請專利範圍第13項之熱交換器,其中該諸直管段 是由多個單獨的管件所界定。 15.根據申請專利範圍第13項之熱交換器,其中該直管段由 至少一個彎挺管所界定。 16·根據申請專利範圍第13項之熱交換器,其中各該切口 ^ 少是部分焊接到該直管段上的凸緣所圍。 17 ·根據申請專利範圍第13項之熱交換器,其中各兮切口 -4- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐)具有無凸緣的邊緣,以硬焊焊接到該直管段。 18·根據申請專利範圍第13項之熱交換器,其中該鰭片位於 各該切口之間的部分是彎曲的。 19·根據申請專利範圍第13項之熱交換器,其中該薄板鰭片 是狹長的而各該切口開口在鳍片的一長邊緣上,而另一 長邊緣則未為該等切口所間斷。 20·根據申請專利範圍第丨9項之熱交換器,包括一加強焊點 在於該另一長邊和各該切口之間。 21·根據申請專利範圍第18項之熱交換器,其中該薄板鰭片 是狹長的而該切口開口在該鰭片的雨長邊緣上的都有。 22·根據申請專利範圍第21項之熱交換器,其中該開口在一 長邊上的切口,是對齊該開口在另一長邊上的切口。 23·根據申請專利範圍第21項之熱交換器,包括一在該薄板 鰭片的長方向上伸展的未為間斷的狹長地帶,位於該開 口在一長邊上的切口和該開口在另一長邊上的切口之間 , 24.根據申請專利範圍第21項之熱交換器,其中各該直管段 是由多個U形管之該兩支股所界定,各該U形管之一支 股是配置在該開口在薄板鰭片之一長邊上的切口中、而 另一支股則配置在該開口在另一長邊上的切口中。 25·根據申請專利範圍第24項之熱交換器,其中開口在該雨 長邊之相對邊上的諸切口是對齊的,而各該U形管的雨 支股是配置在對齊的兩切口中。 -5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) C8 D8 、申請專利範圍^ ' --- 齊的兩切口中。 6·根據中清專利範圍第25項之熱交換H,纟中各該U形管 、 支版在直接鄰接該U形管的彎曲部分,包括一 有角度的扭轉,角度高達90。(含)。 27·根據中請專利範圍第13項之熱交換器,纟中該平行管段 疋由夕個U开^管所界定,υ形管各具有兩個由一彎曲部 分連接的平行支股,而該薄板鰭片有兩組,一組配置在 兩支月又中對應的第一支股上而另一組配置在對應的另一 支股上。 28·根據申請專利範圍第27項之熱交換器,其中各該U形管 的各孩支股包括一 9〇。的扭轉,直接鄰接該對應的u形 管的臂曲部分。 29·一種熱交換器的芯部包括: 多個大致平行的管直段,用扁平的、多通道的管材製 作;及 多個薄板鰭片,成一疊層關係並具有間隔的開口足夠 用以收納各該直管段; 各該直管段係配置在各開口中,並有一圍繞該開口以 硬焊焊接到薄板鰭片的大尺寸; 該薄板鰭片在於兩開口之間的部分,在一大致橫貫該 大尺寸的方向上,是彎曲成梹形,藉以增加薄板鰭片的 表面面積而無需增加兩相鄰開口之間的間隔。 30·根據申請專利範圍第29項之熱交換器的芯部,其中各該 開口是從該鰭片的一邊緣延伸到該鰭片中的切口。 -6- 本紙張尺錢财g g家標準(⑽)纖格(2iqχ 297公寶)
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2001
- 2001-02-07 US US09/778,310 patent/US6964296B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-01-16 TW TW091100586A patent/TW522215B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-01-17 AU AU10222/02A patent/AU783870B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-01-21 AR ARP020100200A patent/AR035737A1/es unknown
- 2002-01-22 CA CA002368871A patent/CA2368871A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-01-29 BR BR0200330-9A patent/BR0200330A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-01-29 KR KR1020020005016A patent/KR20020065840A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-02-01 AT AT02001951T patent/ATE360183T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-01 EP EP06011075A patent/EP1691160A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-02-01 EP EP02001951A patent/EP1231448B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-01 DE DE60219538T patent/DE60219538T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2002-02-06 CN CNB021034656A patent/CN1280602C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-06 JP JP2002029180A patent/JP4050910B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2004
- 2004-01-20 US US10/760,597 patent/US7032313B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-07 AR ARP040101562A patent/AR044266A2/es unknown
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CN1369680A (zh) | 2002-09-18 |
KR20020065840A (ko) | 2002-08-14 |
US20040149424A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
EP1691160A1 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
US7032313B2 (en) | 2006-04-25 |
DE60219538D1 (de) | 2007-05-31 |
JP2002318087A (ja) | 2002-10-31 |
MXPA02001239A (es) | 2002-09-19 |
AU783870B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
AR035737A1 (es) | 2004-07-07 |
CA2368871A1 (en) | 2002-08-07 |
CN1280602C (zh) | 2006-10-18 |
EP1231448A3 (en) | 2004-02-11 |
AR044266A2 (es) | 2005-09-07 |
AU1022202A (en) | 2002-08-08 |
ATE360183T1 (de) | 2007-05-15 |
EP1231448B1 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
JP4050910B2 (ja) | 2008-02-20 |
US20020134537A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
US6964296B2 (en) | 2005-11-15 |
BR0200330A (pt) | 2002-10-29 |
EP1231448A2 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
DE60219538T2 (de) | 2007-12-20 |
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