RU2015129705A - Отверждаемые препреги с отверстиями в поверхности - Google Patents

Отверждаемые препреги с отверстиями в поверхности Download PDF

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RU2015129705A
RU2015129705A RU2015129705A RU2015129705A RU2015129705A RU 2015129705 A RU2015129705 A RU 2015129705A RU 2015129705 A RU2015129705 A RU 2015129705A RU 2015129705 A RU2015129705 A RU 2015129705A RU 2015129705 A RU2015129705 A RU 2015129705A
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Prior art keywords
fabric
composite material
weaving
thread
curable
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RU2015129705A
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English (en)
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RU2618068C2 (ru
Inventor
Марк РОМАН
Стефен Дж. ХОВАРД
Джек Д. БОЙД
Скотт ЛУКАС
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Сайтек Энджиниэрд Матириалз Инк.
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    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B29C70/22—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Claims (43)

1. Отверждаемый композитный материал, содержащий
тканый материал, имеющий две противоположные поверхности и ткацкий рисунок, в котором одна или более нитей в первом ткацком направлении проходят над одной или более нитями во втором ткацком направлении, затем проходят под одной или более нитями во втором ткацком направлении;
при этом в поверхности ткани ограничен карман, если первая нить в первом ткацком направлении проходит над второй нитью во втором ткацком направлении, затем под соседней третьей нитью во втором ткацком направлении, или если первая нить проходит под второй нитью во втором ткацком направлении, затем над соседней третьей нитью во втором ткацком направлении, а положение кармана ограничено частью первой нити, которая направлена вверх или вниз между соседними второй и третьей нитями;
отверждаемую термоплавкую смолистую пленку, покрывающую одну или обе поверхности ткани и частично проникающую сквозь толщу ткани, оставляя внутреннюю часть ткани, в направлении толщины, по существу, без смолистой пленки; и
матрицу отверстий, по меньшей мере, в одной из смолистых пленок, каждое отверстие открывает, по меньшей мере, часть кармана в поверхности ткани и выполнено с возможностью создания пути течения жидкости из внутренней части ткани к, по меньшей мере, одной внешней поверхности композитного материала, или от, по меньшей мере, одной внешней поверхности композитного материала во внутреннюю часть, или от одной внешней поверхности композитного материала к противоположной внешней поверхности, или их комбинации.
2. Отверждаемый композитный материал, содержащий
тканый материал, имеющий две противоположные поверхности и ткацкий рисунок, в котором нить в первом ткацком направлении проходит над другой нитью во втором ткацком направлении, затем проходит под соседней нитью во втором ткацком направлении, и между соседними нитями ограничены пустоты;
отверждаемую термоплавкую смолистую пленку, покрывающую одну или обе поверхности ткани и частично проникающую сквозь толщу ткани, оставляя внутреннюю часть ткани, в направлении толщины, по существу? без смолистой пленки; и
матрицу отверстий, по меньшей мере, в одной из смолистых пленок, каждое отверстие открывает пустоту в ткани и выполнено с возможностью создания пути течения жидкости из внутренней части ткани к, по меньшей мере, одной внешней поверхности композитного материала, или от, по меньшей мере, одной внешней поверхности препрега
во внутреннюю часть, или от одной внешней поверхности композитного материала к противоположной внешней поверхности, или их комбинации.
3. Отверждаемый композитный материал по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что ткацкий рисунок тканого материала имеет атласное переплетение или саржевое переплетение.
4. Отверждаемый композитный материал по п. 2, отличающийся тем, что ткацкий рисунок тканого материала имеет полотняное переплетение.
5. Отверждаемый композитный материал по п. 4, отличающийся тем, что отверстия образованы в противоположных внешних поверхностях препрега.
6. Отверждаемый композитный материал по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что ткацкий рисунок представляет собой атласное переплетение, а отверстия образованы в одной или обеих поверхностях препрега.
7. Отверждаемый композитный материал по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что термоплавкая смолистая пленка является, по существу, твердой при температуре в диапазоне 20 -25°С и становится текучей при повышенной температуре, которая ниже температуры начала отверждения смолистой пленки.
8. Отверждаемый композитный материал по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что термоплавкая смолистая пленка содержит одну или более термореактивных смол в качестве основного компонента и, по существу, не содержит органических растворителей.
9. Отверждаемый композитный материал по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что термоплавкая смолистая пленка содержит одну или более эпоксидных смол, отверждающий агент и, по меньшей мере, одно термопластичное или эластомерное соединение.
10. Отверждаемый композитный материал по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что каждая нить содержит множество нитевидных волокон, которые содержат материал, выбранный из стекла, углерода, арамида, полиэтилена (ПЭ), бора, кварца, базальта, керамических материалов, сложного полиэфира, поли-п-фениленбензобисоксазола (РВО) и их комбинаций.
11. Способ изготовления отверждаемого композитного материала с матрицей поверхностных отверстий, включающий:(а) частичную пропитку тканого материала отверждаемой термоплавкой смолой, так чтобы сплошная смолистая пленка покрывала каждую поверхность ткани и частично
проникала сквозь толщу ткани, оставляя внутреннюю часть ткани, в направлении толщины, по существу, без указанной смолы,
при этом тканый материал имеет две противоположные поверхности и ткацкий рисунок, в котором одна или более нитей в первом ткацком направлении проходит над одной или более нитями во втором ткацком направлении, затем проходит под одной или более нитями во втором ткацком направлении,
при этом на поверхности ткани ограничен карман, если первая нить в первом ткацком направлении проходит над второй нитью во втором ткацком направлении, а затем под соседней третьей нитью во втором ткацком направлении, или если первая нить проходит под второй нитью во втором ткацком направлении, а затем над соседней третьей нитью, и
при этом частично пропитанная ткань содержит множество замкнутых воздушных карманов, и каждый воздушный карман совпадает с карманом в поверхности ткани; и
(b) нагревание частично пропитанной ткани, так чтобы смолистая пленка на по меньшей мере одной поверхности ткани стала текучей, с последующим разрушением участков смолистой пленки над воздушными карманами с образованием, таким образом, отверстий в смолистой пленке, которые соответствуют положениям расширенных воздушных карманов,
при этом отверстия выполнены с возможностью обеспечивать пути течения жидкости из внутренней части ткани к, по меньшей мере, одной внешней поверхности композитного материала, или от, по меньшей мере, одной внешней поверхности композитного материала во внутреннюю часть, или от одной внешней поверхности композитного материала к противоположной поверхности, или их комбинацию.
12. Способ изготовления отверждаемого композитного материала с матрицей поверхностных отверстий, включающий
(a) частичную пропитку тканого материала отверждаемой термоплавкой смолой, так чтобы сплошная смолистая пленка покрывала каждую поверхность ткани и частично проникала сквозь толщу ткани, оставляя внутреннюю часть ткани, в направлении толщины, по существу, без указанной смолы,
при этом тканый материал имеет две противоположные поверхности и ткацкий рисунок, в котором нить в первом ткацком направлении проходит над другой нитью во втором ткацком направлении, затем проходит под соседней нитью во втором ткацком направлении, и между соседними нитями ограничены пустоты; и
(b) нагревание частично пропитанной ткани, так чтобы смолистая пленка на, по меньшей мере, одной поверхности ткани стала текучей, с последующим разрушением участков смолистой пленки над пустотами с образованием, таким образом, отверстий в смолистой пленке, которые соответствуют положениям пустот,
при этом отверстия выполнены с возможностью обеспечивать пути течения жидкости из внутренней части ткани к, по меньшей мере, одной внешней поверхности композитного материала, или от, по меньшей мере, одной внешней поверхности композитного материала во внутреннюю часть, или от одной внешней поверхности композитного материала к противоположной поверхности, или их комбинацию.
13. Способ по п. 11 или 12, отличающийся тем, что внешняя поверхность смолистой пленки во время нагревания покрыта разделительной бумагой или полиэфирной пленой.
14. Отверждаемый композитный материал с матрицей поверхностных отверстий, полученный при помощи способа по п. 11 или 12.
15. Способ изготовления отверждаемой композитной детали, включающий
выкладку множества слоев препрега с получением пакета слоев препрега, при этом, по меньшей мере, некоторые из слоев препрега представляют собой пористые слои препрега с поверхностными отверстиями, и каждый пористый слой препрега представляет собой композитный материал, полученный при помощи способа по п. 11 или 12.
16. Способ изготовления отверждаемой композитной детали, включающий
получение широкого композитного материала в соответствии со способом по п. 11 или 12;
нарезание широкого композитного материала на слои препрега заданного размера;
выкладку слоев препрега с получением пакета слоев препрега,
при этом перед разрезанием материала выполняют стадию нагревания для получения отверстий в материале.
17. Способ изготовления композитной детали, в котором общее время отверждения сокращено в результате уменьшения времени отжимания перед отверждением, указанный способ включает
выкладку множества отверждаемых композитных материалов по п. 1 или 2 с получением пакета слоев композита;
отжимание пакета слоев композита для удаления из него воздуха и летучих веществ при помощи (а) герметизации вакуумного мешка над пакетом слоев композита; (b) откачивания вакуума из указанного вакуумного мешка; (с) приложением внешнего относительно вакуумного мешка давления; и (с) продолжение откачивания вакуума и
приложения давления (осуществление наддува) в течение определенного интервала времени; и отверждение пакета слоев композита после отжимания.
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