CN103192464B - 制造预制坯的方法 - Google Patents

制造预制坯的方法 Download PDF

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CN103192464B
CN103192464B CN201210599123.2A CN201210599123A CN103192464B CN 103192464 B CN103192464 B CN 103192464B CN 201210599123 A CN201210599123 A CN 201210599123A CN 103192464 B CN103192464 B CN 103192464B
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resin
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CN103192464A (zh
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H·格勒林
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Safran Aero Boosters SA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/026Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising combinations of reinforcements, e.g. non-specified reinforcements, fibrous reinforcing inserts and fillers, e.g. particulate fillers, incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers and with or without non-reinforced or non-filled layers and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers
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    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00Making preforms
    • B29B11/14Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B29B11/16Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/086Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • B29C70/202Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres arranged in parallel planes or structures of fibres crossing at substantial angles, e.g. cross-moulding compound [XMC]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/465Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating by melting a solid material, e.g. sheets, powders of fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/543Fixing the position or configuration of fibrous reinforcements before or during moulding
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于具有热塑性基体的复合体的预制坯(1)的制造方法,所述预制坯(1)包括借助于至少一个附着纱线(4)和根据TFP工艺而缝合在支撑体(2)上的一个或数个增强纤维层(3),其特征在于所述方法包括在支撑体(2)上或增强纤维层(3)上放置热塑性树脂层(5a,5b)的一个或数个步骤。

Description

制造预制坯的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及制造用于具有热塑性基体的复合体的预制坯的方法。其尤其涉及根据TFP工艺(定制化纤维铺放)来制造预制坯的方法,包括放置或沉积热塑性树脂的一个或数个步骤。
背景技术
在航空学中,广泛使用的制造复合体部件的方法是覆盖,其于将用树脂预浸渍的织物层叠。
纤维、例如碳纤维的覆盖,由于使用的取向不限于通常的±45°、0°或90°,因而都是更有效的。为了获得这些初始的覆盖,通常使用单向环氧树脂预浸料坯,通过非交联了的热固性树脂的粘性将其固定就位。
对于与热塑性基体的层叠体,由于合股(ply)不得不相互附着在一起,因此制备单向纤维的覆盖复杂得多。这或者通过使用随后不得不将其热成型的预固化的板、或者通过借助于焊接点引起基体的局部熔融将合股相互附着来进行。在两种情况中,一旦合股被粘接在一起,难以通过控制纤维方向来形成结构体。
对于用于将纤维容纳于合适的位置而不使用树脂的纤维的铺放有可选择方案,在这个可选择的方案中,纤维由Z字形的纱线缝合,这些Z字形的纱线将纤维相互之间固定就位。为实现这一内容,称为TFP(定制化纤维铺放)和概略显示在图1中的所述方法,使用了基底以保证纱线的折返。然后将由此制备的预制坯通常通过RTM类型(树脂传递模塑成型)的浸渍/交联工艺而被转变成复合体。至今,预制坯大多用环氧树脂、即热固性树脂浸渍。
该TFP方法例如记载在文献EP1339534B1和EP1907195B1中。
在EP1339534B1中,借助于可化学熔融或热熔融的附着纱线(attachment yarn)而将增强纤维缝合在基底上。纱线的熔融可能在通过与用于浸渍的树脂的化学反应的浸渍和固化过程期间或在浸渍和固化过程期间在热的作用下发生。
在EP1907195B1中,在基底和纤维坯体之间安置分开层。该层允许在制备预制坯后更容易地去除基底。根据该文献,该附着纱线通过提供热也是可熔融的,但熔融步骤在通过RTM工艺的浸渍和交联步骤之前发生。
发明的目的
本发明目的为在提供现有方法的选择性方案,致力于制造具有热塑性基体的复合部件。
更具体地,本发明目的为在将浸渍步骤结合到TFP工艺中用于制造预制坯。
本发明因此目的为制造用保持延展性的热塑性树脂浸渍的预制坯。
发明的主要特征部分
本发明涉及用于制造具有热塑性基体的复合体的预制坯的方法,所述预制坯包括借助于至少一个附着纱线或连接纱线和根据TFP工艺在支撑体上缝合的增强纤维的一层或多层,其特征在于,该方法包含将热塑性树脂层放置或沉积到支撑体或增强纤维层上的一个或多个步骤。
根据本发明的特别实施方式,该方法包含以下特征的至少一个或适当的组合:
-预制坯包含热塑性树脂层和增强纤维层的交替;
-树脂层包括热塑性纱线或第一热塑性膜;
-借助于附着纱线在支撑体上缝合热塑性纱线、和通过局部熔融将第一热塑性膜附着到支撑体或增强纤维层;
-每层内的增强纤维在相同的方向取向;
-增强纤维的取向和/或性质从一层到另一层是不同的;
-支撑体是第二热塑性膜、复合织物或金属织物;
-第三热塑性膜安置在复合织物或金属织物中支撑体的一个面或两个面上;
-附着纱线为碳、玻璃、芳纶、玄武岩、basalt、或热塑性树脂,或由它们制成;
-附着纱线具有比形成树脂层的树脂的熔融温度高20°、优选高40°的熔融温度,或附着纱线由与树脂层的树脂相同性质的树脂制成;
-第二和/或第三热塑性膜的树脂具有与形成树脂层的树脂相同的性质;
-热塑性纱线具有与增强纤维层相同的取向;
-取决于要制备形状,在所述预制坯内的增强纤维层和树脂层的数目是可变的。
本发明也涉及具有热塑性基体的复合部件的制造方法,包括如上所述制造预制坯的步骤和加热所述预制坯的步骤。
最后,本发明还涉及根据上述方法可得到的具有热塑性基体的复合部件。
附图的简要说明
图1示出以已知方式根据TFP工艺借助于在支撑体上以Z字形图案缝合的附着纱线来将增强纤维附着的步骤。
图2示出根据本发明的第一实施方式的预制坯的示意剖视图。该预制坯包括基底以及纤维束层和热塑性膜的交替。
图3示出根据本发明的第二实施方式的预制坯的示意剖视图。该预制坯包括基底以及纤维束层和热塑性纱线的交替。
索引
(1)预制坯
(2)支撑体
(3)增强纤维
(4)附着纱线
(5)热塑性树脂
(a)作为膜
(b)作为纱线
发明的详细描述
本发明涉及用热塑性树脂浸渍的预制坯的制造方法。由此制造的预制坯可用于制造在任意的活动领域中的复合部件,尤其是用于制造航空部件。
根据本发明,在制造预制坯时进行用树脂的浸渍。
如图1中所举例说明地那样,根据TFP工艺以已知方式在支撑体2和这个上用Z字形的附着纱线4缝合单向干纤维3。接着,如图2和3中所举例说明地那样,在纤维层3上放置或沉积热塑性树脂层5a,5b。然后再放置或沉积和缝合单向干纤维层,在远至支撑的所有层的集合体上将附着纤维再缝补。树脂和纤维的层因此被交替放置或沉积直到得到期望的层数。
树脂层可以如图2呈现为热塑性膜5a,或者如图3中呈现为热塑性纱线5b。
在膜的情况下,后者被裁切成要被浸渍的纤维的合股的尺寸。该纤维合股借助于保证安置的工具(夹具,激光)被安置后,借助于热点将膜附着。
为了使该方法自动化和不必带回具有固有的铺放问题的膜,该膜可以由缝合和维持在适当位置的热塑性纱线替代,就像纤维那样。因此,纤维层被缝合和随后的热塑性纱线层也被缝合,诸如此类。优先地,在与增强纤维相同的方向安置热塑性纱线。
在图2和3中举例说明的实施例中,最后放置或沉积的层是纤维层,但其也可以是树脂层或可能的保护层。同等地,在支撑体上放置或沉积的第一层可以是树脂层或增强纤维层,且这取决于支撑体的性质。优选地,树脂层与纤维层交替,但本发明也公开了在放置或沉积一个或数个树脂层前放置或沉积数个纤维层的情况(或反之亦然)。还需要详细说明的是,取决于待制造的形状(例如翼的叶片),在相同预制坯内层的数目也可以不同。
在制造预制坯后,通过具有热塑性基体的加热和熔融的常规的压实/压缩方法来进行用于制造复合部件的后者的固化。
预制坯的支撑体可以是热塑性膜。优选地,热塑性树脂和基体的树脂是一样的,以便具有完美的相容性。更优选地,热塑性树脂是热高性能树脂,如PPS(聚苯硫醚)、PEI(聚醚酰亚胺)、PEEK(聚醚醚酮)、PEKK(聚醚酮酮)等。可选择地,支撑体可以是复合织物、金属织物或允许附着纱线折返的任意其他的织物。根据该选择方案和以使得支撑体被完全牢固地附着到被制造部件的剩余部分上,用塑料材料浸渍支撑体,例如通过将热塑性膜布置在支撑体的一面或两面上。膜的树脂也可优先与浸渍树脂具有相同的性质。
根据本发明,附着纱线可以是与复合体的基体性质相同的热塑性纱线。可选择地,附着纱线是具有比热塑性基体熔点高的热塑性纱线,以避免熔融和局部混合的问题。所述熔点应当比热塑性基体的熔融温度至少高20°,优选至少高40°度。根据另一替代方案,附着纱线为玻璃、炭、芳纶或玄武岩纱线。
增强纤维可以例如是碳纤维或碳纤维束。纤维的性质以及纤维的取向可从一层到另一层改变或不同的。
发明的优点
根据本发明的方法具有使用热塑性基体同时保持可变形的预制坯的优点。
该方法的可靠性和可重复性是基于树脂和纤维的受控分布。纱线或膜的形式的树脂和碳纤维的良好定位引起一定量或体积水平和可接受的浸渍,和因此引起已知和受控的机械性能。
根据本发明的方法因此允许制造在纤维的取向(1.5°级的精度)方面具有受控和灵活的覆盖的热塑性基体的部件。
根据本发明的方法可以是自动化的。
由于对于本发明的方法而言包括固化的周期时间较少,因此生产率高于使用用于浸渍和交联的RIM工艺的方法。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于制造具有热塑性基体的复合体的预制坯的方法,所述预制坯包括与多个热塑性树脂层交替的多个增强纤维层,所述交替的层的每一个根据定制化纤维铺放(TFP)工艺而缝合,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
1)用Z字形的附着纱线将增强纤维层缝合在支撑体上;
2)将热塑性纱线缝合在增强纤维层上,因此热塑性纱线被缝合和随后的增强纤维层也被缝合;
3)用Z字形的附着纱线放置或沉积和缝合增强纤维层,所述Z字形的附着纱线被再缝补于支撑体、增强纤维层、热塑性纱线和增强纤维层的所有层的集合体上;
4)重复步骤1)-3)。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,每层内的增强纤维以相同的方向取向。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,增强纤维的取向和/或性质在层相互之间是不同的。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,支撑体选自由第三热塑性树脂层、复合织物或金属织物组成的组。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其特征在于,将热塑性膜安置在复合织物或金属织物的一面或两面上。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,所述附着纱线为碳、玻璃、芳纶、玄武岩或热塑性树脂。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其特征在于,所述附着纱线具有比形成所述热塑性纱线的树脂的熔融温度高20度 的熔融温度,或其特征在于,所述附着纱线由与所述热塑性纱线相同性质的树脂制成。
8.根据权利要求4的方法,其特征在于,第三热塑性树脂层具有与所述热塑性纱线相同的性质。
9.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,所述热塑性纱线具有与所述增强纤维层相同的取向。
10.根据前权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,所述预制坯的多个增强纤维层和多个热塑性树脂层,取决于所述预制坯的形状,是可变的。
11.一种制造具有热塑性基体的复合部件的方法,包括根据权利要求1的用于制造预制坯的步骤和用于加热所述预制坯的步骤。
12.根据权利要求7的方法,其特征在于,所述附着纱线具有比形成所述热塑性纱线的树脂的熔融温度高40度 的熔融温度,或所述附着纱线由与所述热塑性纱线相同性质的树脂制成。
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