KR20180035990A - 복층 프리프레그 구조 및 그 제조방법 - Google Patents

복층 프리프레그 구조 및 그 제조방법 Download PDF

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KR20180035990A
KR20180035990A KR1020160125807A KR20160125807A KR20180035990A KR 20180035990 A KR20180035990 A KR 20180035990A KR 1020160125807 A KR1020160125807 A KR 1020160125807A KR 20160125807 A KR20160125807 A KR 20160125807A KR 20180035990 A KR20180035990 A KR 20180035990A
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
prepreg
resin
layer
carbon fiber
vacuum
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KR1020160125807A
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English (en)
Inventor
박상윤
이효진
최치훈
양준호
윤병철
Original Assignee
현대자동차주식회사
무한카본주식회사
기아자동차주식회사
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Application filed by 현대자동차주식회사, 무한카본주식회사, 기아자동차주식회사 filed Critical 현대자동차주식회사
Priority to KR1020160125807A priority Critical patent/KR20180035990A/ko
Priority to US15/376,028 priority patent/US20180087215A1/en
Priority to DE102017213809.2A priority patent/DE102017213809B4/de
Priority to CN201710744548.0A priority patent/CN107880295B/zh
Publication of KR20180035990A publication Critical patent/KR20180035990A/ko

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/55Epoxy resins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/18Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/342Preventing air-inclusions
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141Fibres of continuous length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311Thermal properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73751General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
    • B29C66/73752General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being uncured
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B29C66/73941General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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Abstract

본 발명에 의한 복층 프리프레그 구조 및 그 제조방법은, 탄소섬유 직물에 제1수지가 함침되어 있는 프리프레그층, 상기 제1수지보다 경화속도가 빠른 제2수지로 구성되어 상기 프리프레그층의 일면에 형성된 고정층을 포함한다.

Description

복층 프리프레그 구조 및 그 제조방법 {MULTILAYER STRUCTURE OF PREPREG AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF}
본 발명은 복층 프리프레그 구조 및 그 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 프리프레그의 외관 품질을 향상시킬 수 있는 복층 프리프레그 구조 및 그 제조방법에 관한 것이다.
탄소섬유 강화 복합재(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic; CFRP)로 제조되는 부품은, 탄소섬유로 직조된 일종의 직물에 수지가 함침된 프리프레그 구조로 제조된다. CFRP는 그 강도에 비해 매우 가볍고, 외관이 아름다워 자동차 내장재로도 사용된다.
그러나 종래의 프리프레그 구조의 경우, 수지의 경화 과정 중에 탄소섬유 직물의 표층부에서 수지가 이탈하여 표면의 요철이 심해지는 문제가 있었다. 이렇게 요철이 발생되면, 이를 평탄화하기 위해 클리어 코팅재를 반복 도장할 필요가 있었고, 이는 제조시간 및 비용을 상승시키는 원인이 된다.
또한, 수지 내부에 잔존하고 있던 기포가 외부로 배출되면서 발생하는 핀홀(pin hole)에 의해 외장에 결함이 발생하기도 하였다.
종래의 프리프레그 구조를 간략히 나타낸 단면도가 도 1에, 종래의 프리프레그 구조를 제조하는 과정을 나타낸 도면이 도 2에 각각 도시되어 있다.
도시된 바와 같이, 프리프레그 구조(10)을 제조하기 위해 탄소섬유 직물(11)에 수지(12)를 함침시키고, 이를 진공 포장하여 기포(B)를 배출시키면서 가열하여 수지(12)를 열경화시키게 된다.
그러나 이 과정에서 수지(12) 내부의 기포(B)가 배출되면서 핀홀을 형성하거나, 수지(12)가 프리프레그 구조(10)의 측면으로 흘러나가면서 탄소섬유 직물(11)이 외부에 노출되는 등의 문제가 발생하였다.
이렇게 탄소섬유 직물(11)이 외부에 노출되어 있는 프리프레그 구조(10)에 클리어 도장층(20)을 형성시키면, 클리어 도장층(20)의 표면이 탄소섬유 직물(11)의 형태에 따라 굴곡지는 현상이 발생하게 된다. 이는 외관 품질을 저하시기 때문에, 평탄화를 위해 반복적으로 클리어 도장을 실시하는 추가 공정이 요구되는 것이다.
따라서, 표면이 평탄하게 유지하여 외관 품질을 향상시키고, 클리어 도장의 반복 회수를 감소시킬 수 있는 새로운 프리프레그 구조 및 그 제조방법이 요구되고 있는 실정이다.
상기의 배경기술로서 설명된 사항들은 본 발명의 배경에 대한 이해 증진을 위한 것일 뿐, 이 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진자에게 이미 알려진 종래기술에 해당함을 인정하는 것으로 받아들여져서는 안 될 것이다.
본 발명은 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 안출된 것으로, 본 발명의 목적은, 프리프레그의 표면을 평탄하게 유지시킬 수 있는 복층 프리프레그 구조 및 그 제조방법을 제공하는 데 있다.
위 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 복층 프리프레그 구조는, 탄소섬유 직물에 제1수지가 함침되어 있는 프리프레그층, 상기 제1수지보다 경화속도가 빠른 제2수지로 구성되어 상기 프리프레그층의 일면에 형성된 고정층을 포함한다.
상기 프리프레그층과 상기 고정층의 두께비는, 1:0.25~1인 것을 특징으로 한다.
상기 프리프레그층의 두께는, 0.4mm 이하인 것을 특징으로 한다.
상기 제1수지는, 125℃ 환경에서 겔타임(Gel-time)이 8~30분이고, 상기 제2수지는, 125℃ 환경에서 겔타임(Gel-time)이 2~10분인 것을 특징으로 한다.
상기 제1수지는, 디시안디아미드(Dicyandiamide)계 경화제가 첨가된 에폭시 수지이고, 상기 제2수지는, 우레아(Urea)계 경화제가 첨가된 에폭시 수지인 것을 특징으로 한다.
상기 고정층의 표면에 설치된 클리어 코팅층을 더 포함한다.
한편, 복층 프리프레그 구조 제조방법은, 탄소섬유 직물을 직조하는 단계, 상기 탄소섬유 직물에 제1수지를 함침시켜 프리프레그를 제조하는 단계, 상기 프리프레그의 일면에 상기 제1수지보다 경화속도가 빠른 제2수지로 구성된 고정층을 형성시키는 단계, 고정층이 형성된 상기 프리프레그를 진공 포장하는 단계 및 진공 포장된 상기 프리프레그를 오토클레이브에서 열간성형하는 단계를 포함한다.
상기 프리프레그를 제조하는 단계와 상기 고정층을 형성시키는 단계 사이에, 제1수지가 함침된 프리프레그를 복수 개 적층하는 단계를 더 포함한다.
상기 진공 포장하는 단계는, 고정층이 형성된 상기 프리프레그를 진공백 내에 투입하여 1bar 이하의 압력으로 감압하는 것을 특징으로 한다.
상기 열간성형하는 단계는, 압력 3~7bar, 온도 120~180℃ 환경에서 45~90분간 성형하는 것을 특징으로 한다.
본 발명에 의한 복층 프리프레그 구조 및 그 제조방법에 따르면 다음과 같은 효과가 있다.
첫째, 프리프레그 구조의 표면층에 경화속도가 빠른 고정층을 설치하여 프리프레그 구조의 표면 평탄도를 향상시킬 수 있다.
둘째, 프리프레그 구조 내부의 수지가 외부로 이탈되어 핀홀이 발생되거나 공극이 발생하는 것을 방지할 수 있다.
셋째, 프리프레그 구조의 표층부에 충분한 두께의 수지층이 형성되어 CFRP 부품의 외관에 깊이감을 부여할 수 있다.
넷째, 탄소섬유 직물에 의해 발생되는 패턴에 의해 심미적으로 아름다운 CFRP 부품을 얻을 수 있다.
도 1은 종래의 프리프레그 구조의 단면도,
도 2는 종래의 프리프레그 구조의 제조과정을 나타낸 도면,
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 복층 프리프레그 구조의 단면도,
도 4는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 복층 프리프레그 구조의 제조과정을 나타낸 도면,
도 5는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 복층 프리프레그 구조의 제조시 진공포장하는 모습을 나타낸 도면,
도 6은 제2수지의 경화속도에 따라 달라지는 복층 프리프레그 구조의 외관을 나타낸 사진이다.
여기서 사용되는 전문용어는 단지 특정 실시예를 언급하기 위한 것이며, 본 발명을 한정하는 것을 의도하지 않는다. 여기서 사용되는 단수 형태들은 문구들이 이와 명백히 반대의 의미를 나타내지 않는 한 복수 형태들도 포함한다. 명세서에서 사용되는 "포함하는"의 의미는 특정 특성, 영역, 정수, 단계, 동작, 요소 및/또는 성분을 구체화하며, 다른 특정 특성, 영역, 정수, 단계, 동작, 요소, 성분 및/또는 군의 존재나 부가를 제외시키는 것은 아니다.
다르게 정의하지는 않았지만, 여기에 사용되는 기술용어 및 과학용어를 포함하는 모든 용어들은 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자가 일반적으로 이해하는 의미와 동일한 의미를 가진다. 보통 사용되는 사전에 정의된 용어들은 관련기술문헌과 현재 개시된 내용에 부합하는 의미를 가지는 것으로 추가 해석되고, 정의되지 않는 한 이상적이거나 매우 공식적인 의미로 해석되지 않는다.
이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 의한 복층 프리프레그 구조 및 그 제조방법에 대하여 설명하기로 한다.
도 3에는 본 발명에 따른 복층 프리프레그 구조가 개략적으로 도시되어 있다. 즉, 탄소섬유 직물(110)과 이에 함침되어 있는 제1수지(120)로 구성된 프리프레그층(100), 제2수지로 구성되어 프리프레그층(100)의 일면엔 형성된 고정층(300), 마지막으로 고정층(300)에 형성된 클리어 코팅층(200)이 적층되어 복층 프리프레그 구조를 이루는 것이다.
탄소섬유 직물(110)은 CFRP 부품을 제조하는 데 일반적으로 사용되는 구성으로서, 그 제조방법이나 패턴 등은 본 발명의 범위를 벗어나므로 여기에서는 설명을 생략한다.
제1수지(120)는 디시안디아미드(Dicyandiamide)계 경화제가 첨가된 에폭시 수지로서, 후술할 제2수지에 비해 비교적 점도가 낮고 경화속도가 느리다.
제1수지(120)는 흐름성이 우수하여 탄소섬유 직물(110)의 틈새로 잘 스며들 수 있기 때문에 수지가 함침된 프리프레그 구조를 형성시키는 데에 유리하다. 그러나 낮은 점도로 인해 열경화 과정 중에 제1수지(120) 내부에 잔존하는 기포가 이탈되면서 제1수지(120)가 함께 이탈되는 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이렇게 기포가 이탈하면 그 이탈 형태에 따라 가느다란 핀홀이 발생되거나, 일부 영역에서 제1수지(120)의 부피가 감소하여 탄소섬유 직물(110)이 외부로 노출되는 등 표면에 요철이 형성될 수 있다.
따라서, 이러한 문제를 방지할 수 있도록 프리프레그층(100)에 제2수지로 구성된 고정층(300)을 형성시키게 된다.
본 발명에 따른 복층 프리프레그 구조가 종래의 프리프레그 구조와 가장 큰 차이를 나타내는 부분은 고정층(300)의 유무이다.
고정층(300)을 이루는 제2수지는 프리프레그층(100)에 함침되는 제1수지(120)에 비해 경화속도가 빠르기 때문에, 열경화 과정 중에 제1수지(120)보다 빠르게 경화되어 복층 프리프레그 구조의 표층에 평탄한 필름을 형성시키게 된다.
제2수지는 우레아(Urea)계 경화제가 첨가된 에폭시 수지로서, 제1수지(120)에 비해 점도가 높고 경화속도가 빠르다.
프리프레그층(100)의 일면에 고정층(300)을 형성시킨 후 열경화시키면, 먼저 고정층(300)이 경화되어 단단한 필름을 형성하게 된다. 따라서 제1수지(120) 내부에 잔존하는 기포(B)는 고정층(300)을 통과하지 못하고, 프리프레그층(100)의 측면이나 타면, 즉 고정층(300)이 형성되지 않은 방향으로 빠져나가게 된다. 따라서 기포(B)가 이탈하면서 남는 흔적인 핀홀의 발생이 원천적으로 차단된다.
다음으로 제1수지(120)가 경화되는 과정 중에 미리 경화된 고정층(300)이 일종의 지지대 역할을 하기 때문에, 기포(B)가 프리프레그층(100)의 측면으로 이탈하면서 제1수지(120)를 함께 이탈시키는 것을 방지할 수 있다. 이에 따라 프리프레그층(100) 내부에 형성되는 공동(Void)이나 요철 등을 최소화시킬 수 있는 것이다.
프리프레그층(100)과 고정층(300)의 두께비는 1:0.25~1인 것이 바람직한데, 고정층(300)의 두께가 프리프레그층(100)의 1/4 이하이면 제1수지(120)가 제대로 고정되지 않아 탄소섬유 직물(110)이 노출되고, 고정층(300)의 두께가 프리프레그층(100)보다 두꺼우면 비대칭 적층구조에 의해 열변형이 발생하게 된다.
프리프레그층(100)은 필요 최소한의 강도를 만족할 수 있다면 그 두께의 하한을 특별히 두지 않지만, 두께가 두꺼워지면 필요 이상으로 많은 탄소섬유 직물(110)을 적층시켜야 하므로, 그 상한을 0.4mm 이하로 설정하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.
클리어 코팅층(200)은 프리프레그층(100)과 고정층(300)의 경화가 완료된 이후에 형성시켜 CFRP 부품의 외관 품질을 보다 향상시키고, 프리프레그층(100)과 고정층(300)을 보호하기 위한 구성이다.
본 발명에 따라 프리프레그층(100)과 고정층(300)을 설치한 복층 프리프레그 구조의 경우 종래에 비해 평탄도가 우수하므로, 클리어 코팅층(200)을 형성시킬 때 도장 회수를 감소시킬 수 있다.
이하에서는 도 3 내지 도 5를 참조로 본 발명에 따른 복층 프리프레그 구조의 제조방법에 대해 설명한다.
직조하는 단계와 프리프레그층을 제조하는 단계에서는, 탄소섬유를 이용하여 일종의 천 형상으로 이루어진 탄소섬유 직물(110)을 제조하고, 이 탄소섬유 직물(110)에 제1수지(120)를 함침시켜 프리프레그층(100)을 제조하게 된다. 이때 제1수지는 경화 이전의 점도가 100~2500cps이고, 125℃ 기준 겔타임(gel-time)이 8~30분인 에폭시계 수지이다.
프리프레그층(100)을 하나만 사용하여 그 위에 고정층(300)을 형성시킬 수도 있지만, 프리프레그층(100)의 외관, 특히 탄소섬유 직물(110)의 패턴을 보다 강화시키기 위해 프리프레그층(100)을 복수 개 적층할 수도 있다. 본 발명의 실시예에서는 프리프레그층(100)을 두 개 적층시키고, 그중 하나의 프리프레그층(100)의 노출된 면에 고정층(300)을 형성시켜 이와 같은 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.
고정층(300)을 형성시키는 단계에서는, 프리프레그층(100)의 일면에 제1수지(120)보다 경화속도가 빠른 제2수지로 층을 형성시키게 된다. 이때 제2수지는 경화 이전의 점도가 2500~10000cps이고, 125℃ 기준 겔타임(gel-time)이 2~10분인 에폭시계 수지이다.
진공 포장하는 단계에서는, 고정층(300)이 형성된 프리프레그층(100)을 진공백(430)에 투입하고, 진공백(430) 내부를 1bar 이하의 압력으로 감압하여 제1수지(120) 내부에 잔존하는 기포를 외부로 배출시키게 된다.
이때 고정층(300)이 형성된 방향을 아래로 하여 금형(410)에 밀착시키고, 그 반대 방향에 진공백(430)을 설치하여 금형(410)과 진공백(430) 사이를 밀봉재(480)로 밀봉시킨다.
진공백(430)의 내측면에는 일종의 천으로 형성된 브리더(440)와, 프리프레그층(100)과 브리더(440) 사이의 유착을 방지하는 분리필름(450)이 설치되어 있고, 진공백(430)의 내부 공기를 흡입하도록 진공포트(470)가 설치된다.
추가적으로 금형(410)과 고정층(300) 사이에 분리재(420)를 도포하여 성형 이후 분리를 용이하게 할 수 있고, 내부 온도를 측정하기 위한 열전대(460)를 설치할 수 있다.
진공 포장하는 단계에서 감압이 이루어지는 것과 동시에, 열간성형하는 단계에서 진공백(430)과 금형(410)을 통째로 오토클레이브에 투입하여 3~7bar의 압력으로 가압하고, 120~180℃로 45~90분간 가열하여 제1수지(120) 및 제2수지를 열경화시키게 된다.
이 과정에서 제2수지가 먼저 경화되어 필름을 형성하고, 제1수지(120)가 프리프레그층(100)에서 이탈하는 것을 억제하는 지지대 역할을 하게 된다.
열간성형하는 단계가 종료된 이후에, 경화된 프리프레그층(100)과 고정층(300)을 진공백(430)에서 꺼낸 후, 클리어 코팅층(200)을 형성시키기 위한 도장 작업을 실시할 수 있다.
본 발명에 따른 복층 프리프레그 구조에서, 제2수지의 경화속도에 따라 달라지는 외관 품질에 대한 사진이 도 6에 나타나 있다. 도 6의 (a)는 제2수지의 경화속도가 5~20분이고, (b)는 경화속도가 5분 미만이며, (c)는 경화속도가 20분 초과이다.
경화속도는 DSC 장비를 이용하여 5℃/분의 속도로 가열할 때, 내부 온도 변화를 이용하여 계산된 경화도가 90% 이상인 시점으로 정의하였다.
도 6(a)에 도시된 바와 같이, 제2수지의 경화속도가 5~20분인 경우 표면이 매끈하고, 핀홀이 거의 발생하지 않으며, 투명한 질감을 얻을 수 있었다.
반면, 도 6(b)에 도시된 바와 같이, 제2수지의 경화속도가 5분 미만일 경우 점도가 지나치게 높아져 핀홀이 발생된 지점을 주변의 수지가 메우지 못하는 현상이 발생하여, 다수의 핀홀이 발생되였다.
또한, 도 6(c)에 도시된 바와 같이, 제2수지의 경화속도가 20분을 초과하면 표면이 불투명해지고, 표면에 요철이 발생하였다. 이는 제2수지의 경화속도가 종래의 프리프레그에 함침되는 수지의 경화속도와 유사하게 느려지고, 이에 따라 점도가 감소하며, 프리프레그에서 이탈하는 수지를 고정시키는 역할을 제대로 수행하지 못 하기 때문이다.
따라서, 본 발명에 따른 제2수지의 경화속도는 5~20분의 범위로 제어하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.
이상 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 실시예를 설명하였지만, 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자는 본 발명이 그 기술적 사상이나 필수적인 특징을 변경하지 않고서 다른 구체적인 형태로 실시될 수 있다는 것을 이해할 수 있을 것이다.
그러므로 이상에서 기술한 실시예들은 모든 면에서 예시적인 것이며 한정적이 아닌 것으로 이해해야만 한다. 본 발명의 범위는 상기 상세한 설명보다는 후술하는 특허청구범위에 의하여 나타내어지며, 특허청구범위의 의미 및 범위 그리고 그 균등 개념으로부터 도출되는 모든 변경 또는 변경된 형태가 본 발명의 범위에 포함되는 것으로 해석되어야 한다.
10: 프리프레그층(종래) 11: 탄소섬유 직물(종래)
12: 수지 20: 클리어 코팅층(종래)
100: 프리프레그층 110: 탄소섬유 직물
120: 제1수지 200: 클리어 코팅층
300: 고정층 400: 진공장치
410: 금형 420: 분리재
430: 진공백 440: 브리더
450: 분리필름 460: 열전대
470: 진공포트 480: 밀봉재
B: 기포 P: 핀홀

Claims (10)

  1. 탄소섬유 직물에 제1수지가 함침되어 있는 프리프레그층;
    상기 제1수지보다 경화속도가 빠른 제2수지로 구성되어 상기 프리프레그층의 일면에 형성된 고정층;을 포함하는, 복층 구조 프리프레그.
  2. 청구항 1에 있어서,
    상기 프리프레그층과 상기 고정층의 두께비는, 1:0.25~1인 것을 특징으로 하는, 복층 프리프레그 구조.
  3. 청구항 2에 있어서,
    상기 프리프레그층의 두께는, 0.4mm 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는, 복층 프리프레그 구조.
  4. 청구항 1에 있어서,
    상기 제1수지는, 125℃ 환경에서 겔타임(Gel-time)이 8~30분이고,
    상기 제2수지는, 125℃ 환경에서 겔타임(Gel-time)이 2~10분인 것을 특징으로 하는, 복층 프리프레그 구조.
  5. 청구항 1에 있어서,
    상기 제1수지는, 디시안디아미드(Dicyandiamide)계 경화제가 첨가된 에폭시 수지이고,
    상기 제2수지는, 우레아(Urea)계 경화제가 첨가된 에폭시 수지인 것을 특징으로 하는, 복층 프리프레그 구조.
  6. 청구항 1에 있어서,
    상기 고정층의 표면에 설치된 클리어 코팅층;을 더 포함하는, 복층 프리프레그 구조.
  7. 탄소섬유 직물을 직조하는 단계;
    상기 탄소섬유 직물에 제1수지를 함침시켜 프리프레그를 제조하는 단계;
    상기 프리프레그의 일면에 상기 제1수지보다 경화속도가 빠른 제2수지로 구성된 고정층을 형성시키는 단계;
    고정층이 형성된 상기 프리프레그를 진공 포장하는 단계; 및
    진공 포장된 상기 프리프레그를 오토클레이브에서 열간성형하는 단계;를 포함하는, 복층 프리프레그 구조 제조방법.
  8. 청구항 7에 있어서,
    상기 프리프레그를 제조하는 단계와 상기 고정층을 형성시키는 단계 사이에, 제1수지가 함침된 프리프레그를 복수 개 적층하는 단계;를 더 포함하는, 복층 프리프레그 구조 제조방법.
  9. 청구항 7에 있어서,
    상기 진공 포장하는 단계는, 고정층이 형성된 상기 프리프레그를 진공백 내에 투입하여 1bar 이하의 압력으로 감압하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 복층 프리프레그 구조 제조방법.
  10. 청구항 7에 있어서,
    상기 열간성형하는 단계는, 압력 3~7bar, 온도 120~180℃ 환경에서 45~90분간 성형하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 복층 프리프레그 구조 제조방법.
KR1020160125807A 2016-09-29 2016-09-29 복층 프리프레그 구조 및 그 제조방법 KR20180035990A (ko)

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US15/376,028 US20180087215A1 (en) 2016-09-29 2016-12-12 Multilayer prespreg structure and method of manufacturing the same
DE102017213809.2A DE102017213809B4 (de) 2016-09-29 2017-08-08 Mehrlagige vorimprägnierte (prepeg)- faserstruktur und verfahren zur herstellung derselben
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