RU2011139134A - Фильтр для фильтрования вещества в виде частиц из выхлопных газов, выпускаемых из двигателя с принудительным зажиганием - Google Patents
Фильтр для фильтрования вещества в виде частиц из выхлопных газов, выпускаемых из двигателя с принудительным зажиганием Download PDFInfo
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- RU2011139134A RU2011139134A RU2011139134/05A RU2011139134A RU2011139134A RU 2011139134 A RU2011139134 A RU 2011139134A RU 2011139134/05 A RU2011139134/05 A RU 2011139134/05A RU 2011139134 A RU2011139134 A RU 2011139134A RU 2011139134 A RU2011139134 A RU 2011139134A
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 39
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 35
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 35
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 13
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 7
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims 5
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
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- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/12—Metallic wire mesh fabric or knitting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
1. Фильтр для фильтрования вещества в виде частиц (ВВЧ) из выхлопных газов, выпускаемых из двигателя с принудительным зажиганием, который содержит пористую подложку, имеющую впускные поверхности и выпускные поверхности, при этом впускные поверхности отделены от выпускных поверхностей пористой структурой, содержащей поры первого среднего размера, причем пористая структура покрыта покрытием, содержащим множество твердых частиц, причем пористая структура пористой подложки с покрытием содержит поры второго среднего размера, и поры второго среднего размера меньше пор первого среднего размера.2. Фильтр по п.1, в котором первый средний размер пор пористой структуры пористой подложки составляет от 8 до 45 мкм.3. Фильтр по п.1, в котором количество покрытия составляет >0,50 г/дюйм.4. Фильтр по п.3, в котором количество покрытия составляет >1,00 г/дюйм.5. Фильтр по пп.1, 2, 3 или 4, содержащий поверхностное покрытие, при этом слой покрытия, по существу, покрывает поверхностные поры пористой структуры, а поры пористой подложки с покрытием образованы частично промежутками между частицами (межчастичные поры) в покрытии.6. Фильтр по п.5, в котором средний размер межчастичной поры в пористом покрытии составляет от 5,0 нм до 5,0 мкм.7. Фильтр по п.1, в котором средний размер твердых частиц в покрытии больше первого среднего размера пор.8. Фильтр по п.7, в котором средний размер твердых частиц в покрытии составляет от 1 до 40 мкм.9. Фильтр по пп.1, 2, 3 или 4, в котором поры на поверхности пористой структуры содержат отверстие поры, а покрытие вызывает сужение, по существу, всех отверстий пор на поверхности.10. Фильтр по пп.1, 2, 3 или 4, в котором покрытие располож�
Claims (37)
1. Фильтр для фильтрования вещества в виде частиц (ВВЧ) из выхлопных газов, выпускаемых из двигателя с принудительным зажиганием, который содержит пористую подложку, имеющую впускные поверхности и выпускные поверхности, при этом впускные поверхности отделены от выпускных поверхностей пористой структурой, содержащей поры первого среднего размера, причем пористая структура покрыта покрытием, содержащим множество твердых частиц, причем пористая структура пористой подложки с покрытием содержит поры второго среднего размера, и поры второго среднего размера меньше пор первого среднего размера.
2. Фильтр по п.1, в котором первый средний размер пор пористой структуры пористой подложки составляет от 8 до 45 мкм.
3. Фильтр по п.1, в котором количество покрытия составляет >0,50 г/дюйм3.
4. Фильтр по п.3, в котором количество покрытия составляет >1,00 г/дюйм3.
5. Фильтр по пп.1, 2, 3 или 4, содержащий поверхностное покрытие, при этом слой покрытия, по существу, покрывает поверхностные поры пористой структуры, а поры пористой подложки с покрытием образованы частично промежутками между частицами (межчастичные поры) в покрытии.
6. Фильтр по п.5, в котором средний размер межчастичной поры в пористом покрытии составляет от 5,0 нм до 5,0 мкм.
7. Фильтр по п.1, в котором средний размер твердых частиц в покрытии больше первого среднего размера пор.
8. Фильтр по п.7, в котором средний размер твердых частиц в покрытии составляет от 1 до 40 мкм.
9. Фильтр по пп.1, 2, 3 или 4, в котором поры на поверхности пористой структуры содержат отверстие поры, а покрытие вызывает сужение, по существу, всех отверстий пор на поверхности.
10. Фильтр по пп.1, 2, 3 или 4, в котором покрытие расположено, по существу, внутри пористой структуры пористой подложки.
11. Фильтр по п.9, в котором средний размер твердых частиц в покрытии меньше среднего размера пор пористой подложки.
12. Фильтр по п.11, в котором средний размер твердых частиц в покрытии составляет от 0,1 до 20 мкм.
13. Фильтр по п.11, в котором D90 твердых частиц в покрытии составляет от 0,1 до 20 мкм.
14. Фильтр по п.10, в котором средний размер твердых частиц в покрытии меньше среднего размера пор пористой подложки.
15. Фильтр по п.14, в котором средний размер твердых частиц в покрытии составляет от 0,1 до 20 мкм.
16. Фильтр по п.14, в котором D90 твердых частиц в покрытии составляет от 0,1 до 20 мкм.
17. Фильтр по пп.1, 2, 3 или 4, в котором покрытие нанесено на впускные поверхности, выпускные поверхности или как на впускные, так и на выпускные поверхности.
18. Фильтр по п.17, в котором как на впускные, так и на выпускные поверхности нанесено покрытие, при этом средний размер пор в покрытии на впускных поверхностях отличается от среднего размера пор в покрытии на выпускных поверхностях.
19. Фильтр по п.18, в котором средний размер пор в покрытии на впускных поверхностях меньше среднего размера пор в покрытии на выпускных поверхностях.
20. Фильтр по п.19, в котором средний размер пор в покрытии на выпускных поверхностях больше среднего размера пор в пористой подложке.
21. Фильтр по пп.1, 2, 3 или 4, в котором пористая подложка представляет собой керамический проточно-стеновой фильтр, металлический фильтр или керамическую пену.
22. Фильтр по п.21, в котором металлический фильтр представляет собой синтерированный металлический фильтр, частичный фильтр и/или содержит проволочную сетку.
23. Фильтр по пп.1, 2, 3 или 4, в котором покрытие представляет собой каталитическое покрытие.
24. Фильтр по п.23, в котором каталитическое покрытие выбрано из группы, состоящей из углеводородной ловушки, трехкомпонентного катализатора, поглотителя NOx, окислительного катализатора, катализатора избирательного каталитического восстановления (ИКВ) и катализатора для обедненной NOx.
25. Фильтр по п.24, в котором каталитическое покрытие содержит по меньшей мере одно молекулярное сито.
26. Фильтр по п.25, в котором по меньшей мере одно молекулярное сито представляет собой молекулярное сито с малыми, средними или большими порами.
27. Фильтр по п.25, в котором по меньшей мере одно молекулярное сито выбрано из группы, состоящей из AEI, ZSM-5, ZSM-20, ERI, LEV, морденита, ВЕА, Y, СНА, МСМ-22 и EU-1.
28. Фильтр по п.25, в котором молекулярное сито является неметаллизированным или металлизированным по меньшей мере одним металлом, выбранным из группы, состоящей из групп IB, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, VB, VIB, VIB и VIII Периодической таблицы элементов.
29. Фильтр по п.28, в котором металл выбран из группы, состоящей из Cr, Со, Cu, Fe, Hf, La, Се, In, V, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ga и драгоценных металлов Ag, Au, Pt, Pd и Rh.
30. Фильтр по п.28, в котором металл выбран из группы, состоящей из Cu, Pt, Mn, Fe, Со, Ni, Zn, Ag, Се и Ga.
31. Фильтр по п.28, в котором металл выбран из группы, состоящей из Се, Fe и Cu.
32. Система выпуска выхлопных газов двигателя с принудительным зажиганием, содержащая фильтр по любому из пп.1-31.
33. Система по п.32, содержащая средство для впрыскивания восстановительной текучей среды в выхлопной газ выше по потоку от фильтра.
34. Система по п.33, в которой восстановительная текучая среда представляет собой азотное соединение.
35. Двигатель с принудительным зажиганием, содержащий систему выпуска выхлопных газов по пп.32, 33 или 34.
36. Двигатель по п.35, питаемый углеводородным топливом, выбранным из группы, состоящей из бензина, бензина, смешанного с метанолом и/или этанолом, жидким нефтяным газом и сжатым природным газом.
37. Способ улавливания вещества в виде частиц (ВВЧ) из выхлопных газов, выпускаемых из двигателя с принудительным зажиганием, посредством глубокого фильтрования, включающий контактирование выхлопных газов, содержащих ВВЧ, с фильтром, содержащим пористую подложку, имеющую впускные и выпускные поверхности, причем впускные поверхности отделены от выпускных поверхностей пористой структурой, содержащей поры первого среднего размера, при этом пористая подложка покрыта покрытием, содержащим множество твердых частиц, причем пористая структура пористой подложки с покрытием содержит поры второго среднего размера, и поры второго среднего размера меньше пор первого среднего размера.
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