JP2012518537A - 圧縮点火エンジンから排出される排ガスから微粒子状物質を集塵するためのフィルタ - Google Patents
圧縮点火エンジンから排出される排ガスから微粒子状物質を集塵するためのフィルタ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012518537A JP2012518537A JP2011551535A JP2011551535A JP2012518537A JP 2012518537 A JP2012518537 A JP 2012518537A JP 2011551535 A JP2011551535 A JP 2011551535A JP 2011551535 A JP2011551535 A JP 2011551535A JP 2012518537 A JP2012518537 A JP 2012518537A
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Abstract
Description
(i)PM−10:10μm未満の空気動力学的直径の粒子
(ii)2.5μm(PM−2.5)以下の直径を有する微細粒子
(iii)0.1μm(または100nm)以下の直径を有する超微細粒子
(iv)50nm未満の直径で特徴付けられるナノ粒子
[反応式2]
または、副反応などが次の(反応式3)に示されたようにN2Oのような望ましくない生産物に導くことができる。
[反応式3]
V2O5/WO3/TiO2、Fe/Beta、Fe/Betaのような転移金属/ゼオライト(US4,961,917参照)、および転移金属/小孔のゼオライト(WO2008/132452参照)を含むNH3−SCRを増進させるための多様な触媒が公知されている。
[反応式5]
[反応式4]において、二酸化窒素は、NO2を形成するために、プラチナ上の活性酸化のところで酸素と反応する。[反応式5]は、無機硝酸塩形態にある貯蔵物質による前記NO2の吸着を含む。
Ba(NOs)2→ BaO + 2NO +3/2O2 or
Ba(NO3)2→ BaO + 2NO2+1Z2O2
NO + CO →1A N2+ CO2
(他の反応は、NH3+NOx → N2+yH2Oまたは2NH3+2O2+CO → N2+3H2O+CO2等に続いて、Ba(NO3)2+8H2 → BaO+2NH3+5H2Oを含む)。
(ii)酸化ガス内に液体の炭素含有燃料を燃焼することによって、派生される微粒子状物質を発生させて収集するための方法において、前記方法は容器内で内蔵され、酸化ガスを容器に対するガス入口から容器に対するガス出口を介して大気へ流れるようにし、前記ガス出口に連結された導管を包含する燃料バーナーで酸化ガスの化学量論的な量で燃料を燃焼させるステップと、前記導管内に位置されたステーションで微粒子状物質を収集するステップと、前記ガス入口で酸化ガス流量を検出するステップおよび、所望の酸化ガス流量が前記ガス入口で維持されるように前記酸化ガス流量を制御するステップを含む。
60%の多孔率と20〜25μmの平均孔サイズを有する3つの通常的に利用可能なコーティングされていない5.66インチ×6インチSiCウォールフローフィルタが、アルミニウム基底の金属酸化物上に支持された貴金属を含む触媒化されたスートフィルタ(CSF)用触媒ウォッシュコートと、Cu/Betaゼオライトの選択的な触媒還元(SCR)触媒コーティングが各々コーティングされた。前記CSFコーティングは、WO99/47260に記載された方法によって得られる。すなわち、単一支持体をコーティングする前記方法は、(a)支持体の上部に閉鎖手段を位置させるステップ、(b)前記閉鎖手段内へ液体成分の予め定められた量を投与するステップ、ここで、(a)の次に(b)、または(b)次に(a)になることができ、(c)圧力または真空を適用して前記液体成分を前記支持体の少なくとも1部分内に引いて前記支持体内の実質的に全ての量を保有するステップを含む。前記コーティングされた製品が乾燥され、焼成されて、その後、前記処理ステップは前記ウォールフローフィルタの他の端部から反復される。前記SCRコーティングされたフィルタは排出したことに次いで、ウォッシュコート成分にそれをディップコーティングさせ、その次に乾燥および焼成するステップをする以前に超過されたウォッシュコートを除去するために、低い真空を適用させることによって得られる。前記方法は、表面コーティング(走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)によって決定される)を発生させ、このような点からEP 1663458に開示されている前記SCR触媒がフィルタ壁に「浸透」するコーティングされたフィルタと区別される。2つの互いに異なるCSFウォッシュコート荷重は、0.6g/in3および1.2g/in3から得られた。前記SCRコーティングされたフィルタは1.1g/in3の荷重でウォッシュコーティングされた。
60%の多孔率と20〜25μmの平均孔サイズを有して同一に市販されている5.66インチ×7.5インチSiCウォールフローフィルタは、Cu/SSZ−13ゼオライトおよびand Cu/BetaゼオライトSCRの1.1g/in3にウォッシュコートされ、4.8〜5μmの間であるが、転移金属/ゼオライトから分離される同一粒子サイズのD90(粒子サイズを有するウォッシュコートで粒子の90%)を有する各触媒が実質的に同一の他の全ての特徴を有した。その製造方法は前記部分を排出することに次いでディップコーティングさせ、超過されたウォッシュコートを除去するために低い真空を適用させ、その後、前記部分は乾燥と焼成のステップを有する。SLBPテストは加工された部分を比較するために行われた。
実施例1に記載されたディップコーティング方法によって製造された58%の孔隙率と、23μmの公称平均孔サイズのCu/BetaゼオライトSCR触媒でコーティングされたフィルタで、3.0リットル容量のSiCフィルタが標準のディーゼル酸化触媒の後で2.0リットルEuro 5に合う軽量ディーゼル車両の排気システムに挿入された。それに次いで、前記新しい(すなわち、経過されていない)触媒化されたフィルタを含む車両はMVEG−B駆動サイクル上で駆動され、その次に前記フィルタを予め準備するために3回連続的にMVEG−BサイクルのEUDC部分を経た。
Claims (32)
- 圧着点火エンジンから排出される排ガスから微粒子状物質(PM)を集塵するためのフィルタであって、
前記フィルタが、内部面と外部面を有する多孔性基材を備えてなり、
前記内部面が、第1平均孔サイズの孔を備える多孔性構造によって前記外部面から分離されてなり、
前記多孔性構造が少なくとも1つの転移金属により促進されるモレキュラーシーブを含む多数の固相粒子を含むウォッシュコートでコーティングされてなり、
前記ウォッシュコーティングされた多孔性基材の多孔性構造が、第2平均孔サイズの孔を含んでなり、
前記第2平均孔サイズが、前記第1平均孔サイズ未満である、フィルタ。 - 前記多孔性基材の多孔性構造の第1平均孔サイズが、8〜45μmである、請求項1に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記ウォッシュコート荷重が、>0.5g in−3である、請求項1又は2に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記ウォッシュコート荷重が、>1.00g in−3である、請求項3に記載のフィルタ。
- 表面ウォッシュコートをそなえてなり、
前記ウォッシュコート層が、多孔性構造の表面孔を実質的に覆ってなり
前記ウォッシュコーティングされた多孔性基材の孔が、前記ウォッシュコートで粒子間の空間(粒子間孔)によって部分的に限定されてなる、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載のフィルタ。 - 前記多孔性ウォッシュコートの粒子間孔サイズが、5.0nm〜5.0μmである、請求項5に記載のフィルタ。
- 固相ウォッシュコート粒子の平均サイズが、第1平均孔サイズよりさらに大きいものである、請求項1〜6の何れか一項に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記固相ウォッシュコート粒子の平均サイズが、1〜40μmの範囲である、請求項7に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記多孔性構造の表面でその孔は孔開口を備えてなり、
前記ウォッシュコートが実質的に全ての表面孔開口の狭小を生じさせるものである、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載のフィルタ。 - 前記固相ウォッシュコート粒子の平均サイズが、前記多孔性基材の平均孔サイズ未満である、請求項9に記載のフィルタ。
- 固相ウォッシュコート粒子の平均サイズが、0.1〜20μmの範囲である、請求項11に記載のフィルタ。
- 固相ウォッシュコート粒子のD90が、0.1〜20μmの範囲である、請求項10に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記ウォッシュコートが、入口表面または出口表面上にコーティングされてなり、または前記入口および出口表面の両方にコーティングされてなる、請求項1〜12の何れか一項に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記入口および出口表面の両方がウォシシュコーティングされてなり、
前記入口表面上のウォッシュコートの平均孔サイズが、出口表面上のウォッシュコートの平均孔サイズとは異なる、請求項13に記載のフィルタ。 - 前記入口表面上のウォッシュコートの平均孔サイズが、前記出口表面上のウォッシュコートの平均孔サイズ未満である、請求項14に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記外部面上のウォッシュコートの平均孔サイズが、前記多孔性基材の平均孔サイズよりさらに大きいものである、請求項15に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記多孔性基材が、セラミックウォールフローフィルタ、金属フィルタ、またはセラミックフォームである、請求項1〜16の何れか一項に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記金属フィルタが、焼結された金属フィルタ、部分的なフィルタであるか、および/またはワイヤーメッシュを含んでなる、請求項17に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブが、アルミノケイ酸塩ゼオライト(alumino silicate zeolite)、金属置換されたアルミノケイ酸塩ゼオライト(metal−alumino silicate zeolite)または非−ゼオライト・モレキュラーシーブ(non−zeolitic molecular sieve)である、請求項1〜18の何れか一項に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記非−ゼオライト・モレキュラーシーブが、アルミノリン酸塩(aluminophosphate(AlPO))モレキュラーシーブ、金属置換されたアルミノリン酸塩・モレキュラーシーブ(MeAlPO)ゼオライト、シリコ−アルミノリン酸塩(silico−aluminophosphate(SAPO))モレキュラーシーブ、および、金属置換されたシリコ−アルミノリン酸塩(MeAPSO)モレキュラーシーブで構成された群から選択されるアルミノリン酸塩モレキュラーシーブである、請求項19に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記少なくとも1つのモレキュラーシーブが、小さい、中間、または大きい孔のモレキュラーシーブである、請求項19または請求項20に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記少なくとも1つのモレキュラーシーブが、AEI、ZSM−5、ZSM−20、ERI、LEV、モルデナイト(mordenite)、BEA、Y、CHA、MCM−22、およびEU−Iで構成されたグループから選択される、請求項22または請求項23に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記金属代替物および/または前記転移金属プロモータが、周期律表でIB、HB、IIIA、IIIB、VB、VIB、VIBおよびVIIIグループで構成されたその群から選択される、請求項19〜請求項22の何れか一項に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記転移金属が、Cr、Co、Cu、Fe、Hf、La、Ce、In、V、Mn、Ni、Zn、Gaおよび貴金属であるAg、Au、Pt、PdおよびRhで構成された群から選択される、請求項23に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記転移金属が、Cu、Pt、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Zn、Ag、CeおよびGaで構成された群から選択される、請求項23または 請求項24に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記転移金属が、Ce、Fe、およびCuで構成されたグループから選択される、請求項23〜請求項25の何れか一項に記載のフィルタ。
- 請求項1〜26の何れか一項に記載のフィルタを備えてなる、圧縮点火エンジン用排気システム。
- 前記フィルタの上流の排ガス内に窒素還元剤を噴射するための手段を備えてなる、請求項27に記載の排気システム。
- 請求項27または請求項28に記載の排気システムを備えてなる、圧縮点火エンジン。
- 前記圧縮点火エンジンが、ディーゼル燃料、バイオディーゼル燃料、ディーゼルおよびバイオディーゼル燃料の混合物、および圧縮天然ガスをその燃料として使用してなるものである、請求項29に記載の圧縮点火エンジン。
- 深層集塵によって圧縮点火エンジンから排出される排ガスから微粒子状物質(PM)をトラップするための方法であって、
前記方法が、前記微粒子状物質(PM)を含む排ガスと、入口表面および出口表面を有する多孔性基材を備えるフィルタを接触させるステップを含んでなり、
前記入口表面が、第1平均孔サイズの孔を含む多孔性構造によって前記出口表面から分離されてなり、
前記多孔性基材が少なくとも一つの転移金属から促進されるモレキュラーシーブを含んでなり、多数の固相粒子を含むウォッシュコートでコーティングされてなり、
前記ウォッシュコーティングされた多孔性基材の多孔性構造が、第2平均孔サイズの孔を含んでなり、
前記第2平均孔サイズが、前記第1平均孔サイズ未満である、方法。 - 圧縮点火エンジンの排気システムにおけるフィルタ背圧を調整する方法であって、
モレキュラーシーブSCR触媒で促進された第1の転移金属でフィルタをコーティングすることによって行われてなり、
前記フィルタ背圧が所定の背圧要求条件を充足するか否かを決定するために前記フィルタ背圧をテストし、
前記第1の転移金属から促進されたモレキュラーシーブSCR触媒によってコーティングされたフィルタを含むシステムで、背圧を減少させるために第2の転移金属で促進されたモレキュラーシーブSCR触媒を選択することを含んでなり、
前記第2モレキュラーシーブの孔サイズが前記第1モレキュラーシーブの孔サイズを超過(>)する、方法。
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JP2012522636A (ja) * | 2009-04-03 | 2012-09-27 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | アンモニア生成触媒およびscr触媒を備える排出処理システム |
US9321009B2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2016-04-26 | Basf Corporation | Emissions treatment system with ammonia-generating and SCR catalysts |
US9358503B2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2016-06-07 | Basf Corporation | Emissions treatment system with ammonia-generating and SCR catalysts |
US9662611B2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2017-05-30 | Basf Corporation | Emissions treatment system with ammonia-generating and SCR catalysts |
US10124292B2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2018-11-13 | Basf Corporation | Emissions treatment system with ammonia-generating and SCR catalysts |
JP2016500786A (ja) * | 2012-10-18 | 2016-01-14 | ジョンソン、マッセイ、パブリック、リミテッド、カンパニーJohnson Matthey Publiclimited Company | 近位連結されたscrシステム |
JP2018150936A (ja) * | 2012-10-18 | 2018-09-27 | ジョンソン、マッセイ、パブリック、リミテッド、カンパニーJohnson Matthey Public Limited Company | 近位連結されたscrシステム |
JP2019529067A (ja) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-10-17 | ジョンソン、マッセイ、パブリック、リミテッド、カンパニーJohnson Matthey Public Limited Company | フィルター基材のための触媒結合剤 |
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