JP5865356B2 - ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルター - Google Patents
ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルター Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5865356B2 JP5865356B2 JP2013512999A JP2013512999A JP5865356B2 JP 5865356 B2 JP5865356 B2 JP 5865356B2 JP 2013512999 A JP2013512999 A JP 2013512999A JP 2013512999 A JP2013512999 A JP 2013512999A JP 5865356 B2 JP5865356 B2 JP 5865356B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- zeolite
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 86
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 32
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 23
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 6
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 5
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000269350 Anura Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,3,5,2,4,6$l^{2}-trioxadisilaluminane 2,4-dioxide;dihydroxide;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2].O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1.O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1 UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052676 chabazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017119 AlPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910020203 CeO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007187 Reductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cs+].[Cs+] KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001942 caesium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008821 health effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001959 inorganic nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/44—Noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
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Description
1.適切な小さなサイズ(10μm未満、好ましくは0.2〜5.0μm)とすることができるので、ガス、好ましくは空気の流れに、エアロゾルとしてフィルターの流入側に適用することができる;
2.そのサイズは、実質的にフィルター壁の孔に入らず、それらの上に架橋網目構造を形成するようなものとすることができる。実際の最適な平均サイズは、考慮されるフィルターの特性に依存する。実際には、約15.0−20.0μmの平均孔径を持つフィルターを使用する場合、サイズは0.2μmより大きくすることができることを、我々は見出した;
3.孔の架橋網目構造が、ガス流がそれらを通過可能とし、排ガスに暴露されたときに、パティキュレートケーキの生長を容易にできるように、多孔質とすることができること。かさ密度として空孔率を表して、良好に機能するエアロゾルとして導入される前の粉末は0.1−0.6g/cm3の範囲のかさ密度を有する;
4.無機材料が、高温、例えばディーゼルエンジンにおいて再生中に被る温度及びガソリンエンジンにおける点火失敗発生時の温度に耐えるのに十分な耐熱性を有すること。典型的には、1000℃を越える融点(軟化温度)を有していなければならない。
5.表面のテクスチャーは、粒子が絡み合う傾向があり、フィルターから容易には除去されないようなものとできる。この性質は、以下に言及する低いかさ密度に部分的に反映される。
実際のエンジン空燃比/化学量論的なエンジン空燃比 (1)
に従って定義でき、ここで、ラムダ値1は、化学量論的にバランスのとれた(又は化学量論的な)排ガス組成を表し、ラムダ値>1は、過剰のO2及びNOxを表し、組成は「リーン」と記述され、ラムダ値<1は、過剰のHC及びCOを表し、組成は「リッチ」と記述される。また、エンジンが運転される空燃比を、空燃比が生じる排ガス組成に応じて、「ストイキ(化学量論的)」、「リーン」又は「リッチ」と称することが当該技術分野ではまた一般的であり:よって、ストイキ運転されるガソリンエンジン又はリーンバーンガソリンエンジンである。
NO+1/2O2→NO2 (2);及び
BaO+NO2+1/2O2→Ba(NO3)2 (3)
であり、ここで、反応(2)において、一酸化窒素が白金上の活性酸化部位上で酸素と反応してNO2を形成する。反応(3)は、無機硝酸塩の形態での貯蔵材料によるNO2の吸着を含む。
Ba(NO3)2→BaO+2NO+3/2O2又はBa(NO3)2
→BaO+2NO2+1/2O2 (4);及び
NO+CO→1/2N2+CO2 (5);
(他の反応は、Ba(NO3)2+8H2→BaO+2NH3+5H2O、続いてNH3+NOx→N2+yH2O又は2NH3+2O2+CO→N2+3H2O+CO2等を含む)。
{HC}+NOx→N2+CO2+H2O (6)
{HC}+O2→CO2+H2O (6)
よって、良好なHC-SCR触媒は、反応(7)よりも反応(6)に対して、より選択的である。
パティキュレートマターを含むディーゼル排ガスを、最大50ppmの硫黄を含む標準的なフォアコートポンプディーゼル燃料で運転されるディーゼルパティキュレートジェネレータ(DPG)から得た。この装置はCambustion社により製造され、その設計と運転モードの詳細は、我々の欧州特許出願公開第1850068A1号(その全内容を出典明示によりここに援用する)に与えられている。DPGユニットは、250kg/hrのガス質量流量、約240℃に維持されるインラインのパティキュレート炭化ケイ素フィルターを用いて、10g/hrのパティキュレート生成速度で運転した。
水性分散液の形態で約2μmの平均粒子径を有していることがMalvern Mastersizer2000により特徴付けられた乾燥ゼオライト粉末(ZSM−5、13g)を、実施例1で使用されたフィルターの流入側に、そこに捕集されたパティキュレートマターを、650℃に3時間維持された電気炉中で空気で燃焼させることにより完全に除去した後に、分配した。吸入面の架橋網目構造が導入されるフィルターをDPG装置に配し、該装置を、乱流空気流がフィルター基体の上流側に入るように、燃料なし、すなわちディーゼルパティキュレートの生成がないファンのみのモードで運転した。ゼオライトを、フィルター中に運ばれるエアロゾルを形成するように、フィルターの上流の導管のハウジングに配されたボスを介して、上流の乱流空気流内に250メッシュのふるいを通してそれを添加して、フィルターの流入側に均一に分散させた。エアロゾルの粒子径は、Cambustion DMS500により、約0.2μmを中心に分散していることが決定され、水性分散液として、一次粒子のかなりの凝集が存在していることが示唆された。ついで、フィルターに、DPGを使用して実施例1におけるようなパティキュレートマターを添加した。浄化効率を、Cambustion DMS500を使用して、先に記載したようにしてモニターし、結果を図3に示した。浄化効率は、ゼオライト粉末の添加がないものと比較して劇的に改善されていた。さらに、背圧対パティキュレート添加曲線も、粉末が存在しない場合と比較して、劇的に低下しており、この効果は、フィルターにおけるパティキュレートマター保持の初期段階中において背圧の増加が少ないためであった。
水銀ポロシメトリーにより推定された平均孔径14μm、空孔率42%、0.305mmのチャネル壁厚を有する円形断面(直径5.66インチ(14.4cm))及び6インチ(15.24cm)長の炭化ケイ素フィルターを、銅交換された(2.5重量%の銅)チャバサイトゼオライトアンモニアSCR触媒の分散液を用いて、フィルターの長さ全体にわたって、それがチャネル壁に0.5g/in3(8.2g/cm3)含むように処理した。
比較例3で使用されたものと同じフィルターを、電気炉で650℃で加熱し、全てのパティキュレートマターを燃焼させ、ついで冷却されたとき、ゼオライト(11g、ZSM−5)を、実施例2に記載したものと同じ方法を使用して、フィルターの流入側上にエアロゾルとして均一に分散させた。パティキュレートマターの添加中の浄化性能及び背圧を、先のようにして測定し、結果を、それぞれ図7及び図8に示した。
比較例3と同じ寸法及びSCR触媒を有するフィルターを、DPGについて試験し、浄化効率及び背圧性能が比較例3と同様であったことを見出した。ついで、パティキュレートマターを、電気炉において650℃で燃焼させることにより完全に除去し、ついで、冷却されたとき、銅交換された(2.5重量%の銅)チャバサイトゼオライト(36g)及びゼオライトZSM5(6g)の混合物を、実施例2に記載されたものと同じ方法を使用し、フィルターの吸入面側にエアロゾルとして均一に分散させた。
Claims (7)
- リーンバーン排ガスからパティキュレートマターをろ過するためのフィルターにおいて、
(a)吸入面と排出面を有し、吸入面と排出面が多孔質構造により離間している多孔質基体と;
(b)吸入面上に触媒フィルターケーキを含み、該ケーキが、シリケートゼオライト、アルミノシリケートゼオライト、金属置換アルミノシリケートゼオライト、非ゼオライト性モレキュラーシーブ、及び酸化物からなる群から選択される耐熱材料を含み、該酸化物は、アルミナ、シリカ、ジルコニア、セリア、クロミア、マグネシア、カルシア、チタニア、及びそれらの任意の2以上の混合酸化物からなる群から選択され、該耐熱材料は、0.2μmを越え、5μm未満の平均サイズを有する粒子として存在し、該耐熱材料が0.0488g/cm 3 (0.8g/in 3 )未満の量で存在する、フィルター。 - 多孔質基体が11〜22μmの平均孔径を有する請求項1に記載のフィルター。
- 耐熱材料が、CHAフレームワークを有するゼオライト又は非ゼオライトモレキュラーシーブである請求項1又は2に記載のフィルター。
- 三元触媒(TWC)、NOx吸収体、酸化触媒、炭化水素トラップ、リーンNOx触媒、及びそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される触媒ウォッシュコートをさらに含む請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載のフィルター。
- リーンバーン排ガスからパティキュレートマターをろ過するための多孔質フィルターの吸入面に乾燥粒子エアロゾルを噴霧して、0.0183〜0.0732g/cm 3 (0.3〜1.2g/in3 )の密度を有するフィルターケーキを形成することを含み、該エアロゾルがシリケートゼオライト、アルミノシリケートゼオライト、金属置換アルミノシリケートゼオライト、非ゼオライト性モレキュラーシーブ、及び酸化物からなる群から選択される耐熱材料の粒子を含み、該酸化物は、アルミナ、シリカ、ジルコニア、セリア、クロミア、マグネシア、カルシア、チタニア、及びそれらの任意の2以上の混合酸化物からなる群から選択され、耐熱材料の該粒子が0.2μmより大きく、5μm未満の平均サイズを有し、0.0488g/cm 3 (0.8g/in 3 )未満の量で存在する、フィルターの製造方法。
- 上記エアロゾルの耐熱材料の上記粒子が、0.1〜0.4g/cm3のかさ密度を有する粉末から誘導される請求項5に記載の方法。
- 上記乾燥粒子エアロゾルが未処理の基体上に付着される請求項5に記載の方法。
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