JP6379910B2 - アンモニア合成触媒、アンモニア合成触媒の製造方法およびアンモニア合成方法 - Google Patents
アンモニア合成触媒、アンモニア合成触媒の製造方法およびアンモニア合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6379910B2 JP6379910B2 JP2014188503A JP2014188503A JP6379910B2 JP 6379910 B2 JP6379910 B2 JP 6379910B2 JP 2014188503 A JP2014188503 A JP 2014188503A JP 2014188503 A JP2014188503 A JP 2014188503A JP 6379910 B2 JP6379910 B2 JP 6379910B2
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- Prior art keywords
- ammonia synthesis
- zeolite particles
- ammonia
- transition metal
- major axis
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 239
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 119
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 78
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 73
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 90
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 transition metal nitride Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RTZYCRSRNSTRGC-LNTINUHCSA-K (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate;ruthenium(3+) Chemical compound [Ru+3].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O RTZYCRSRNSTRGC-LNTINUHCSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013335 mesoporous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001818 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010989 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FDCJDKXCCYFOCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecoxyhexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FDCJDKXCCYFOCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVHUUEPYEDOELM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylpropanedioic acid;piperidin-1-id-2-ylmethylazanide;platinum(2+) Chemical compound [Pt+2].[NH-]CC1CCCC[N-]1.CCC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O YVHUUEPYEDOELM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGKYSFRFMQHMOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-5-methylpyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound CC1=CN=C(C#N)C(Br)=C1 WGKYSFRFMQHMOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009623 Bosch process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002359 Tetronic® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetyloxyaluminum;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.CC(=O)O[Al] HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005211 alkyl trimethyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229940009827 aluminum acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VUEDNLCYHKSELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsonium Chemical group [AsH4+] VUEDNLCYHKSELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NQZFAUXPNWSLBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;ruthenium Chemical group [Ru].[Ru].[Ru].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-] NQZFAUXPNWSLBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXWGXXDEYMNGCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M decyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C HXWGXXDEYMNGCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HQDFXHKYURDVIO-UHFFFAOYSA-M decyl(trimethyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C HQDFXHKYURDVIO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PLMFYJJFUUUCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M decyltrimethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C PLMFYJJFUUUCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- WIWBLJMBLGWSIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(ii) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+2].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WIWBLJMBLGWSIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052675 erionite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XCOHAFVJQZPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M octyltrimethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C XCOHAFVJQZPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003867 organic ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005496 phosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GSNYHCYKJZVAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(2+);triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Ru+2].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 GSNYHCYKJZVAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FVEFRICMTUKAML-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium tetradecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)CCC(CC(C)C)OS([O-])(=O)=O FVEFRICMTUKAML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropan-2-yl silicate Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQXAGPTUVYYCHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-(2-ethylhexyl)-2-sulfobutanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].CCCCC(CC)CC(S(O)(=O)=O)(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)CC(S(O)(=O)=O)(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O DQXAGPTUVYYCHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- WOZZOSDBXABUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(butan-2-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].CCC(C)[O-].CCC(C)[O-].CCC(C)[O-] WOZZOSDBXABUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQZSPJRLCJSOED-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(octyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C AQZSPJRLCJSOED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- STYCVOUVPXOARC-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(octyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C STYCVOUVPXOARC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Description
本発明のアンモニア合成触媒は、所定のゼオライト粒子にアンモニア合成活性を有する遷移金属を担持させてなる。
本発明所定のゼオライト粒子は、アンモニア合成活性を有する遷移金属を担持させる担体として機能する。該ゼオライト粒子の純度は95〜100質量%であり、製造工程で完全に排除できなかった少量の不純物を含みうる。
本発明のアンモニア合成触媒は、上記の所定のゼオライト粒子にアンモニア合成活性を有する遷移金属を担持させる。そのような遷移金属として、少なくとも温度条件250〜350℃と、圧力条件0.1〜1MPaとのいずれか一つを満たす反応条件下でアンモニア合成を促進させる触媒活性を有するものが好ましい。具体例としては、Fe、Ru、Os等の第8族遷移金属元素や、Co、Ir等の第9族遷移金属元素を挙げることができる。その他、第6族遷移金属元素のMo、第7族遷移金属元素のReを担持させてもよい。本発明に用いられる遷移金属は、一種を用いてもよく二種以上を併用してもよい。
本発明のアンモニア合成触媒の製造方法は、原料成分を溶媒に分散させる分散工程と、分散工程により得られる分散溶液からゼオライト粒子を生成する熱処理工程と、該ゼオライト粒子に含有される界面活性剤を除去する界面活性剤除去工程とを含むことが好ましい。なお、本発明の作用効果を阻害しない限り、他の工程を含んでいてもよい。
珪酸原料と、アルミン酸原料と、非イオン性界面活性剤と、イオン性界面活性剤とを塩基性水性液に添加する。各原料が添加された塩基性水性液は、炭酸ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウム等を用いて撹拌されることにより、珪酸原料とアルミン酸原料とが均質に分散されたスラリー状の分散溶液となる。また、分散溶液内に非イオン性界面活性剤またはイオン性界面活性剤に取り囲まれるようにして気泡が形成される。
該分散溶液を熱処理することにより、アルミノ珪酸骨格が形成され、ゼオライト粒子を生成することができる。該ゼオライト粒子は、その細孔に非イオン性界面活性剤やイオン性界面活性剤を含有する。水熱合成前の撹拌により、非イオン性界面活性剤は小さな気泡を取り囲んだ状態で細孔に含有される。また、イオン性界面活性剤は大きな気泡を取り囲んだ状態で細孔に含有される。
続いて得られたゼオライト粒子に遷移金属を担持させる。担持方法は、従来公知の含浸法、蒸着法等を適用できる。
本発明のアンモニア合成方法は、上記に説明した所定のアンモニア合成触媒を用いて、水素と窒素とを直接反応させることにより、アンモニアを合成させる方法である。本発明の合成方法においては、少なくとも温度条件250〜350℃と、圧力条件0.1〜1MPaとのいずれか一つを満たす反応条件下でアンモニアを合成できる。合成時の反応速度は、20〜300μmolg-1h-1であり、好ましくは60〜300μmolg-1h-1になる。
樹脂製ビーカーにイオン交換水252g及びポリエチレングリコール(分子量6000、東京化成社製)11.0gを溶解させる。次に、水酸化ナトリウム(片山化学社製)2.5gを加えて十分に溶解する。更に、アルミン酸ナトリウム(住友化学工業社製、NaOH:26.1質量%、Al2O3:18.5質量%、水:55.4質量%)14.3gを加えてよく撹拌し、含水珪酸粉末(日本シリカ工業社製、SiO2:93.3質量%、水:6.7質量%)41.9gを加える。続いて、イオン性界面活性剤(ジ(2-エチルヘキシルスルホコハク酸ナトリウム)2.0g、及び非イオン性界面活性剤(ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノステアレート、東京化成社製商品名:Tween60)2.0gを加える。振とう機を用いて60℃で20分間原料が均質に分散するまで混合させ、原料スラリーを得る。
[実施例1]
Ru3(CO)12をヘキサンに溶解させ、Ru3(CO)12溶液と焼成物Aのゼオライト粒子を添加し、撹拌して該溶液中に分散させる。その後焼成物Aのゼオライト粒子とRu3(CO)12とを含有する該溶液を、真空中200℃で30分間熱処理し、溶媒を除去、乾燥させて触媒前駆体を得る。該触媒前駆体をさらに処理温度400℃、処理時間3時間にて熱処理して還元し、アルミノ珪酸セシウムにRuを担持させ、実施例1のアンモニア合成触媒を得る。
焼成物と遷移金属源とに表1、表2に示す材料を選択し、他は実施例1と同様の条件にして実施例2-6および比較例1-6のアンモニア合成触媒を製造できる。なお表2に示すγ-Al2O3としては、N.E.CHEMCAT製5%Ruアルミナ粉末 AA-4501を使用できる。活性炭としては、N.E.CHEMCAT製5%Ruカーボン粉末(含水品)Aタイプを使用できる。
実施例1-6および比較例1-6のアンモニア合成触媒を直径2cmの円盤状ペレットに成形し、0.3gをU字状のガラス管に詰め、該ガラス管を付けた内容積200mlガラス製閉鎖循環系に取り付ける。前処理として該閉鎖循環系にH2 200Torrを導入し400℃で3時間流通させた後、モル比1:3のN2/H2混合ガスを閉鎖循環系に流通させ、アンモニア合成反応を行う。反応条件は、反応温度400℃、反応圧力は1MPaとする。表1と表2とに、それぞれ実施例1-6と比較例1-6との反応速度を記載する。
[文献1]
Y. Takahara, D. Lu, J.N. Kondo and K. Domen, “Synthesis and application for overall water splitting of transition metal-mixed mesoporous Ta oxide”, Proc. SSP2000, Solid State Ionics, 151 (1-4), 305-311 (2002).
[文献2]
B. Lee, D. Lu, J.N. Kondo and K. Domen, “Effect of cations addition for the highly ordered mesoporous niobium oxide”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., Proc. IMMS, 146, 323-327 (2003).
[文献3]
J. N. Kondo, M. Uchida, K. Nakajima, D. Lu, M. Hara and K. Domen, “Synthesis, mesostructure and photocatalysis of a highly ordered and thermally stable mesoporous ternary (Ma-Ta) oxide”, Chem. Mater., 16(22), 4304-4310 (2004).
[文献4]
Y. Takahara, J.N. Kondo, T. Takata, D. Lu and K. Domen, "Mesoporous Ta oxide: (1) characterization and photocatalytic activity for overall water decomposition", Chem. Mater., 13(4), 1194-1199 (2001).
2 リアクター
3 触媒層
Claims (8)
- アルミノ珪酸骨格を有し、平均長径が0.2〜0.5nmのミクロ孔と平均長径が4〜5nmのメソ孔とを有するメソポーラス構造を備えるゼオライト粒子に、アンモニア合成活性を有する遷移金属を担持させてなるアンモニア合成触媒。
- 嵩密度が0.5〜2.0g/cm3であるゼオライト粒子に、アンモニア合成活性を有する遷移金属を担持させてなる請求項1に記載のアンモニア合成触媒。
- アルミノ珪酸骨格を有し、平均長径が0.2〜0.5nmのミクロ孔と平均長径が4〜5nmのメソ孔とを有するメソポーラス構造を備えるゼオライト粒子に、アンモニア合成活性を有する遷移金属を担持させる担持工程を含むアンモニア合成触媒の製造方法。
- 嵩密度が0.5〜2.0g/cm3であるゼオライト粒子に、アンモニア合成活性を有する遷移金属を担持させる担持工程を含む請求項3に記載のアンモニア合成触媒の製造方法。
- 珪酸原料と、アルミン酸原料と、非イオン性界面活性剤と、イオン性界面活性剤とを塩基性水性液に分散させる分散工程と、前記分散工程で得られる分散溶液を熱処理して非イオン性界面活性剤とイオン性界面活性剤とを含有するゼオライト粒子を生成する熱処理工程と、前記ゼオライト粒子を水洗、加熱して、当該ゼオライト粒子から非イオン性界面活性剤とイオン性界面活性剤とを除去する界面活性剤除去工程と、前記ゼオライト粒子にアンモニア合成活性を有する遷移金属を担持させる担持工程とを含む請求項4に記載のアンモニア合成触媒の製造方法。
- アルミノ珪酸骨格を有し、平均長径が0.2〜0.5nmのミクロ孔と平均長径が4〜5nmのメソ孔とを有するメソポーラス構造を備えるゼオライト粒子に、アンモニア合成活性を有する遷移金属を担持させてなるアンモニア合成触媒を用いて、水素と窒素とを反応させてアンモニアを合成するアンモニア合成方法。
- 嵩密度が0.5〜2.0g/cm3であるゼオライト粒子にアンモニア合成活性を有する遷移金属を担持させてなるアンモニア合成触媒を用いて、水素と窒素とを反応させてアンモニアを合成する請求項6に記載のアンモニア合成方法。
- 少なくとも温度条件250〜350℃と、圧力条件0.1〜1MPaとのいずれか一つを満たす反応条件下でアンモニアを合成する請求項7に記載のアンモニア合成方法。
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