RU168971U1 - The device simulator for classes to restore impaired spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model, "A simulator device for occupations to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic," relates to medicine, to the section of neurology and neuropsychology, and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting classes to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic diseases of the brain of various etiologies. The device contains a square case made of plastic (1) a wraparound shape with a height of 20-30 mm and a size of 100 × 100 to 200 × 200 mm, on the bottom of which a LED backlight is mounted, consisting of a group of LEDs (4) in the amount of 4-8 pieces, which are electrically connected to the one located inside the case (1) the control unit (13) of the device to which the time relay (17), the brightness control (16) of the LEDs (4) and the push-button switch (14) with the battery (15) installed inside the device’s case (1) are electrically connected, while to the upper part housings (1) of the device by means of screws (19) are fixed made of plastic sticks, a transparent plate (2) and a matte plate (3), between which, on the lower and side sides of the device case (1), gaskets (5) are located, forming an internal cavity between the transparent plate (2) and the matte plate (3), and in the upper the housing parts form a gap (6), while on the front part of the matte plate (3), square-shaped cells are made by forming protrusions (12) of a dark color. The proposed device opens up new possibilities for conducting long-term courses of spatial memory restoration for ial neurological clinic at the expense of

Description

This useful model relates to medicine, to the section of neurology and neuropsychology, and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting classes to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain diseases of various etiologies.

Spatial memory is one of the types of memory aimed at remembering the spatial location of objects, people, physical stimuli (National Psychological Encyclopedia, Spatial memory, found 10.10.16 on the Internet at http://vocabulary.ru/termin/prostranstvennaja-pamjat .html).

Like other types of human memory, spatial memory is impaired in various organic diseases of the brain.

Currently, one of the effective simulators of spatial memory is printed sheets of paper containing tables with cells, some of which are highlighted or contain images of various symbols or objects whose location in the table must be remembered, and then find and mark memorized cells in a similar but empty table.

So, a simulator is known, in which on a printed sheet of paper there are several tables consisting of nine cells, each of which contains dots in separate cells. The practitioner needs to remember the location of the points in one of the tables, after which, turning the page, put the points in one of the similar tables located on the back of the simulator's printed sheet. Next, turn the page and remember the location of the points in another table, etc. (Gavrina S.E., Kutyavina N.L., Toporkova I.G., Scherbinina S.V. Memory. Workbook, CJSC ROSMEN, OJSC IPK Chuvashia, 2014, p. 17, 18) .

The disadvantages of this simulator when using it for classes to restore impaired spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic "are:

a) the working material of this simulator can be used only once, since after placing the points in the cells of the table on the paper sheet there is a trace from a pen or pencil;

b) the amount of working material contained in this simulator is not sufficient for conducting long courses to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic;

c) the difficulty of patients self-checking the correctness of the tasks in the course of independent studies, since the patient needs to compare tables located on different sides of the simulator printed sheet;

d) distraction of the patient due to the fact that the tables with highlighted cells are located on the same sheet of the simulator next to each other.

A simulator is also known in which a square table of 25 cells is located on a printed sheet of paper, some of which cells (12 pieces) are highlighted in dark color. The student needs to try to remember the image, then draw a similar table on the previously prepared sheet of paper and color the cells that he remembered from memory, and then check the correctness of the task by comparing both images (Mighty A. Memory super-simulator. A simulator book for your brain. - Moscow: publishing house ACT, 2016, p. 130).

The disadvantages of this simulator when using it for classes to restore impaired spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic "are:

a) distraction of the patient to perform a secondary action (drawing a table);

b) the difficulty of completing the task of this simulator, which consists in remembering the location of the twelve selected cells for patients with impaired spatial memory;

c) the difficulty of checking the correctness of the task, which consists in comparing two tables for patients with impaired spatial perception.

Also known is a simulator in which on printed sheets of paper there are tables consisting of nine cells, in which there are numbers or images of objects that need to be remembered. At the same time, a similar table is located next to each table, in the cells of which the student needs to enter numbers or draw images of objects from memory, while closing the table with numbers or images (Gavrina S.E., Kutyavina N.L., Toporkova I.G. , Shcherbinina SV The Trainer attention, memory, thinking. Edition for developing education. Moscow, ROSMEN, 2016, pp. 63, 85).

The disadvantages of this simulator when using it for classes to restore impaired spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the working material of this simulator can be used only once, since after arranging the numbers or any other characters in the cells of the table, a trace from a pen or pencil remains on the paper sheet;

b) the excessive simplicity of tasks for memorizing the spatial arrangement of the cells of the table intended for use during classes with children;

c) the difficulty of patients checking the correctness of the tasks during independent studies, as some patients may have difficulty comparing selected cells even in tables adjacent to each other.

Along with the listed disadvantages of the above simulators, they have a number of common disadvantages when using them for classes to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic:

a) the absence of changes in the degree of complexity of the tasks offered to the patient;

b) the lack of accounting for time intervals for which patients are given tasks for memorization;

c) insufficient amount of working materials contained in these simulators for conducting long-term courses for the restoration of spatial memory;

d) the need for a horizontal surface of the table for classes using these simulators;

e) low interest in training with these simulators in patients of a neurological clinic due to the monotony of working with them.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above simulators, a "simulator device for training to restore impaired spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic" was developed

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution is to ensure the possibility of:

a) reuse of working material, providing the possibility of conducting long-term courses for the restoration of spatial memory;

b) a gradual change in the degree of complexity of the patient’s memorization tasks;

c) presentation of tasks to patients at certain time intervals;

d) quick and easy self-testing of the correctness of the assignment, providing the opportunity for independent study of patients;

e) conducting patient exercises in various conditions in the absence of a horizontal surface of the desktop, for example, for a walk, in the corridor of the clinic;

f) increasing the interest of patients to classes due to the fact that classes are carried out with a simulator device, introducing an element of novelty into classes.

The technical result provided by the claimed utility model is to expand the functionality of the printed simulators of spatial memory due to the design features of the proposed device, providing the possibility of reuse of working material, the gradual complication of tasks by presenting them at shorter time intervals, as well as easy self-testing of the correctness of the tasks performed by patients in course of independent studies.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device contains a square box-shaped square case made of plastic with a height of 20-30 mm and a size of 100 × 100 to 200 × 200 mm, on the bottom of which a LED backlight is mounted, consisting of a group of LEDs in the amount of 4- 8 pieces that are electrically connected to a device control unit located inside the case, to which a time relay, an LED brightness control and a push button switch with an accumulator installed inside the device’s case are electrically connected a pusher, and a transparent plate and a matte plate made of plastic are fixed to the upper part of the device case by means of screws, between which, on the lower and side sides of the device case, there are gaskets forming an internal cavity between the transparent and the matte plate and forming a gap in the upper part of the case moreover, on the front part of the matte plate by means of forming protrusions of a dark color, square-shaped cells are made.

In a preferred embodiment, the dimensions of the transparent and matte plate mounted on the upper part of the device body correspond to the size of the device body, and the thickness of each of them is 3-5 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the spacers located between the transparent and the opaque plate have a thickness of 1-2 mm and a width of 6-12 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, a semicircular recess is made in the upper part of the matte plate for easy removal of cards from the device.

In a preferred embodiment, the forming protrusions of the dark color located on the front of the matte plate have a width of 2-3 mm and a height of 1-2 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the number located on the front of the matte plate square cells is from 9 to 36 pieces.

In a preferred embodiment, the battery is electrically connected to a charger connector located on the device body.

The essence of the developed "Device simulator for classes to restore impaired spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic" is illustrated by the drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 is a general view of the device from above;

In FIG. 2 is a side view of the device;

In FIG. 3 - internal view of the device body (with the upper part removed);

In FIG. 4 - a general view of the device in operation when one of the cards is inserted into it, which is illuminated by LED illumination;

In FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the electrical connection of the elements of the device;

In FIG. 6 - sample card with cells highlighted in dark color;

In FIG. 7 - sample card with cells containing images of letters;

In FIG. 8 - sample card with cells containing images of arrows;

In FIG. 9 is a sample card with cells containing images of geometric shapes.

The device (see Fig. 1-4) consists of a box-shaped square-shaped case (1) made of plastic with a height of 20-30 mm and a size of 100 × 100 to 200 × 200 mm, on the bottom of which an LED backlight is mounted, consisting of a group of LEDs (4) in the amount of 4-8 pieces.

By means of screws (18), a transparent transparent plate (2) made of plastic and a matte plastic plate made of plastic (3), between which gaskets (5) are located, are fixed to the upper part of the housing (1) of the device.

The dimensions of the transparent and matte plate (2 and 3) correspond to the size of the housing (1) of the device, and the thickness of each of them is 3-5 mm.

Gaskets (5) have a thickness of 1-2 mm, a width of 6-12 mm and are located on the lower and lateral sides of the housing (1) of the device, forming an internal cavity between the transparent plate (2) and the matte plate (3), and in the upper part slotted gap (6), intended for insertion into the device and subsequent removal of work cards (8).

For the convenience of removing work cards (8) from the device, a semicircular recess (7) is made in the upper part of the matte plate (3).

On the front part of the matte plate (3) by means of forming protrusions (12) of a dark color, having a width of 2-3 mm and a height of 1-2 mm, square-shaped cells are made, the total number of which can be from 9 to 36 pieces.

To adjust the brightness level of the LEDs (4), a brightness regulator (16) is mounted in one of the sides of the housing (1) of the device.

To turn on the backlighting of the LEDs (4), upon presentation to the patient of tasks for memorizing, a button switch (14) is mounted in one of the sides of the housing (1) of the device.

To ensure the duration of the glow of the LEDs (4) at specified time intervals (from 2 to 20 seconds), an electronic time switch (17) is mounted in one of the sides of the housing (1) of the device.

Time Relay - A relay designed to create a specific time delay. The time relay is used in cases when it is necessary to automatically perform some action not immediately after the appearance of the control signal, but after a set period of time. In electronic relays, various analog and digital circuitry solutions are used to obtain a time delay. As a rule, these are integrated circuits or digital logic devices (timers) (Wikipedia. Free encyclopedia. Time relay, found on 10.10.2016 on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay_time).

The device is controlled by means of a device installed inside the housing (1) of the control unit (13) (see Fig. 5), to which the LEDs (4), the brightness control (16) of the LEDs, the time relay (17), and a push-button switch (14) are electrically connected ) connected to the battery (15) installed inside the device.

The battery (15) is electrically connected to the connector (not shown) on the device’s housing (1) for connecting the charger.

Along with the battery (15), replaceable AA or AAA batteries can be used in the device.

The cards used during the lessons with the device (8) are square-shaped printed sheets made of thick paper (see Fig. 6-9), the size of the sides of which is 1-3 mm smaller than the size of the gap gap (6), so the cards ( 8) are easily inserted into the internal cavity between the transparent and matte plates (2 and 3).

The front side of each card (8) is divided into cells, the number of which corresponds to the number of cells located on the matte plate (3) of the device.

Some of the cells of each card (8) are randomly located or dark-colored cells (9), or contain any images (10) of objects, objects, symbols, geometric shapes, arrows, and the rest of the cells are light cells colors (11).

The back of each of the cards (8) is light in color and does not contain any images.

Due to the square shape, cards (8) containing dark-colored cells (9) or cells with images (10) of arrows or geometric figures can be inserted into the device in four different positions, as a result of which the volume of exercises with these cards increases four times, which has important for conducting long courses to restore impaired spatial memory.

The ability to change the complexity of the tasks presented to the patient, aimed at restoring spatial memory and is provided by:

a) a gradual increase in the time interval during which the patient is presented with a card for memorization (8);

b) an increase in the number of dark colored cells (9) contained on cards or cells containing any images (10);

c) the transition from the simplest type of cards containing only dark-colored cells (9) to cards whose cells contain different images (10).

Work with the "Device simulator for classes to restore impaired spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic" is as follows.

Before starting classes with the device, the specialist selects for the patient the simplest card (8) containing dark-colored cells (9), the number of which does not exceed 2-3 pcs.

Next, the specialist inserts the card (8) into the device through the slotted gap (6) between the transparent and matte plate (2 and 3). If the cells of dark color (9) remain partially visible through the matte plate (3), the card (8) can be inserted into the device face down.

After that, the specialist, using the time relay (17), sets the backlight time (presentation time) of the card (8), which at the initial stage of training can be 10-20 seconds.

Further, the specialist, by pressing the button switch (14), turns on the backlight from the LEDs (4), as a result of which dark-colored cells located on the card (8) appear on the surface of the matte plate (3). If necessary, the specialist changes the luminous intensity of the LEDs (4) by means of a dimmer (16).

The patient is given the task to remember the location of the cells of dark color (9), visible on the surface of the matte plate (3).

After the presentation time of the card (8), set by the specialist by means of the time relay (17), ends, the backlight from the LEDs (4) is automatically turned off, as a result of which the dark-colored cells (9) cease to be visible on the surface of the matte plate (3).

Further, the patient needs, using an easily erasable water marker, to somehow mark (in the form of a checkmark, a circle, etc.) on the surface of the matte plate (3) dark-colored cells (9), the location of which the patient remembered.

After the patient completes the task, the correctness of its performance is checked by re-turning on the LEDs (4), illuminating the bottom of the card (8), so that the dark-colored cells (9) become visible again on the surface of the matte plate (3), allowing the patient to identify the they make mistakes.

Further, the backlight from the LEDs (4) is turned off, and the marks made by the patient on the surface of the matte plate (3) are removed by means of a special sponge designed to erase water markers.

After that, the spent card (8) is captured with a finger through a semicircular recess (7) and is removed through the slotted gap (6) from the device, and instead a new card (8) is inserted into the device and the whole cycle of actions is repeated.

As the patient achieves positive results, the tasks become more complicated, namely: a) the time interval for presenting the card (8) is gradually reduced and can reach up to 2-3 seconds; b) cards are presented to the patient (8) containing a larger number of dark-colored cells (9) or images (10).

If the patient has any difficulties during the task, then, as a hint, the LED backlight (4) can be turned on for a short time, making the dark-colored cells (9) located on the card (8) or cells containing images (10).

Along with highlighting sick cells with an easily erasable marker, memorable cells can be marked by using paper or plastic chips, which the patient installs inside these cells, limited by forming protrusions (12) on the surface of the matte plate (3).

Along with the use of the proposed device for classes to restore spatial memory, it can also be used to restore spatial perception with severe violations of this mental process.

In this case, the card (8) is located next to the device, and the patient marks with a marker on the cells of the matte plate highlighted on the card (8) of the cell. To check the correctness of the patient’s task, the card (8) is inserted into the device, after which the backlight from the LEDs (4) is turned on.

The effectiveness of the proposed "Device simulator for classes to restore impaired spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic" is as follows:

1) in a wide area of practical application of the device, which allows working on the restoration of not only spatial memory, but also other mental processes: spatial perception, attention, etc .;

2) the possibility of conducting long-term courses to restore spatial memory due to the possibility of using cards with tasks an unlimited number of times;

3) the possibility of using the device for preventive training in spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic;

4) the possibility of conducting independent studies of patients who can carry out quick and easy self-testing of the correctness of the tasks;

5) the use of the device introduces an element of novelty into the process of training with patients, turning the classes into a psychological training that is fascinating and interesting for the patient;

Along with the use of the device in a neurological clinic, it can be widely used in the following cases:

1) when conducting correctional and developing classes with children with impaired formation of spatial perception and memory;

2) when conducting neurocognitive trainings with people of advanced and senile age;

3) when using the device as an exciting educational game for healthy children;

4) when using the device as a simulator to improve spatial memory in healthy people.

Thus, the proposed device opens up new possibilities for conducting long-term courses for the restoration of spatial memory in neurological patients due to the repeated use of working material, the gradual complication of tasks, as well as easy self-testing of the correct execution of tasks by patients during independent work. In addition, the device helps to increase the interest of patients in restorative education due to the fact that the work is carried out with a simulator that introduces an element of novelty into the classes and turns them into a fascinating psychological training.

The proposed device has a wide scope of practical application that goes beyond the neurological clinic, and can be claimed as a device that promotes the formation, correction, training of spatial memory and a number of other mental functions.

Claims (7)

1. A simulator for training to restore impaired spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic, characterized in that it contains a square box-shaped box made of plastic with a height of 20-30 mm and a size of 100 × 100 to 200 × 200 mm, on the bottom of which is fixed LED backlighting, consisting of a group of LEDs in the amount of 4-8 pieces, which are electrically connected to a device control unit located inside the housing, to which a time relay is electrically connected, a dimmer a button and a push-button switch with a battery installed inside the device’s case, while the transparent plate made of plastic and a matte plate made of plastic are fixed to the upper part of the device’s case, between which there are gaskets on the bottom and sides of the device’s body, which form between the transparent and matte plates of the internal cavity, and in the upper part of the body forming a slotted gap with the possibility of placing a card - a printed sheet with working material to restore cells with square memory, on the front part of the matte plate by means of forming protrusions of a dark color. 2. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dimensions of the transparent and matte plate mounted on the upper part of the device body correspond to the size of the device body, and the thickness of each of them is 3-5 mm. 3. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gaskets located between the transparent and opaque plate have a thickness of 1-2 mm and a width of 6-12 mm. 4. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that a semicircular recess is made in the upper part of the matte plate for the convenience of removing cards from the device. 5. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the forming protrusions of the dark color located on the front part of the matte plate have a width of 2-3 mm and a height of 1-2 mm. 6. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of square-shaped cells located on the front of the matte plate is from 9 to 36 pieces. 7. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the battery is electrically connected to a connector for connecting the charger located on the device body.

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