RU177260U1 - A simulator-tablet for classes to restore understanding of logical and grammatical structures in patients with a neurological clinic with semantic aphasia - Google Patents

Abstract

The useful model “A simulator-tablet for classes to restore understanding of logical and grammatical constructions in patients with a neurological clinic with semantic aphasia” refers to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting classes to restore speech function in patients of a neurological clinic with semantic aphasia. The utility model contains a plastic case (1) of rectangular shape, 310-330 mm long, 270-290 mm wide, 10-15 mm thick, in the lower part of which a cavity with dimensions of 210 × 297 mm, a depth of 5-7 mm, and a top is made part of the housing (1) is a work platform (6), on which a strip of marker film is glued; at the same time, a rectangular metal plate (2) with magnetic properties of 0.5-1 mm thick, the dimensions of which correspond to the dimensions of the cavity, is rigidly fixed inside the cavity, and it is movable to the side of the cavity (1) by means of loops (4), with the possibility of raising and lowering, a working plate made of transparent plastic is fixed (3), designed to place magnetic pictures on it and fix a printed sheet (9) placed under it with background images; the dimensions of the working plate correspond to the dimensions of the cavity, and the thickness is 1-1.5 mm; and on the side of the working plate (3), opposite the hinges (4), a protrusion (5) is made, for which a recess is made in the side of the housing (1). The proposed device allows the formation of an unlimited number of diverse tasks during classes to restore understanding of logical and grammatical structures in patients with semantic aphasia, providing the opportunity to conduct classes in any conditions, including in the absence of a desktop. The importance of the device lies in the fact that its use introduces an element of novelty into the process of training to restore understanding of logical and grammatical constructions, turning them into an interesting and interesting psychological training for patients. The proposed device has a wide range of practical applications and can be effectively used during developmental classes on the formation of spatial representations in children.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting classes to restore understanding of logical and grammatical structures in patients with a neurological clinic with semantic aphasia.

Semantic aphasia occurs when the tertiary parieto-temporal-occipital departments of the cortex of the left cerebral hemisphere are damaged and is manifested in the fact that the patient's understanding of the logical-grammatical structures of speech is disturbed due to spatial perception disorders.

In particular, in these patients the understanding of constructions with prepositions (“under” and “above”, “from” and “k”, “for”, “in”, “on”, etc.) is violated, since these prepositions they reflect real spatial relationships at the speech level, the understanding of comparative constructions (a fly less than an elephant), revolutions with the words “before”, “after”, “without” (before spring, after work, etc.), constructions of instrumental case (show map with a pointer), constructions of attributive genitive case (father’s hat, owner’s house). When evaluating such constructions, patients understand either individual words or grasp only the general situation - who (what) is spoken of, but what is said, the interactions and relationships of the objects (subjects, phenomena) indicated in the sentences remain inaccessible to understanding for patients with semantic aphasia (Tsvetkova L.S., Neuropsychological Rehabilitation of Patients, Speech and Intellectual Activity, Moscow: Publishing House of the Moscow Pedagogical Institute, Voronezh: Modek, 2004).

Currently, various training simulators containing exercises for understanding various logical and grammatical structures of speech are widely used for classes to restore understanding of logical and grammatical structures.

So, a printing simulator is known, in the upper part of which a picture of a room with various household things is presented, and under this image various questions are printed regarding things and their spatial location, for example, “What is shown in the foreground of the picture? And what is in the far?” , "What is hanging on the wall? Figure to the left or right of the clock?", "Chair to the left or right of the window?", "What's on the chair? What's under the chair? What's behind the back of the chair?" etc. (TP Voronina Up, Down, Right, Left! We form a spatial representation - Rostov n / A: Phoenix, 2015, p. 19).

Also, a printing simulator is known, in which a printed image shows a tree with birds sitting on its branches, and questions are printed above this image: “Which bird sits above all, which one is below everyone?”, “Which birds sit on the branches on the right, and which left? " (O. Zemtsova, Right-left, up-down. We navigate in the space of M .: LLC "Publishing Group" Alphabet-Atticus ", 2016, p. 5).

On another printed sheet of this simulator is an image of a house, next to which there is a tree, flowerbed, fence, bench, and at the top of the printed sheet there is a question: "What is in the picture behind the house, what is in front of the house, what is to the left of the house, what is to the right of houses?" (O. Zemtsova, Right-left, up-down. We navigate in the space of M .: LLC "Publishing Group" Alphabet-Atticus ", 2016, p. 6).

On the other printed sheet of this simulator is an image of a circus performance containing an image of a horse, a dog and other animals, and at the top of the printed sheet there are questions: “Who is to the right of the elephant and who is to the left? Who is the highest? Who is closest to everyone? Who is between the dog and a horse? (Zemtsova ON, Right-left, up-down. We are oriented in the space of M .: LLC "Publishing Group" Alphabet-Atticus ", 2016, p. 12).

Another printed sheet of this simulator shows an image of a river along which three ships sail, and at the top of the printed sheet there are the following tasks and questions: "Show me which boat sailed to the left, which to the right, and which one straight. What is located to the left of the river, and what's right? " (O. Zemtsova, Right-left, up-down. We navigate in the space of M .: LLC "Publishing Group" Alphabet-Atticus ", 2016, p. 15).

The disadvantages of the above printing simulators when used for classes to restore understanding of logical and grammatical structures in patients with a neurological clinic with semantic aphasia are:

a) the inability to change the spatial arrangement of objects and objects in the images presented on the printed sheets of the simulators;

b) insufficient amount of working materials contained in printing simulators for conducting long courses to restore understanding of logical and grammatical structures;

c) low interest in classes with materials of printing simulators in a number of patients in a neurological clinic due to the monotony of working with them;

d) the images of this simulator are intended for children 3-4 years old, therefore the use of this simulator in working with adult patients of a neurological clinic can cause negative emotions in patients.

Also, for classes to restore understanding of the logical and grammatical constructions in patients with a neurological clinic with semantic aphasia, another type of printing simulators are used, which are cardboard cards with images of various objects and objects, from which the specialist forms various tasks during the classes (L. Tsvetkova ., Neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients. Speech and intellectual activity, Moscow: Publishing House of the Moscow Institute of Pedagogical Research, Voronezh: Modek, 2004).

The disadvantages of this type of printing simulators when they are used for classes to restore understanding of the logical and grammatical constructions in patients of a neurological clinic with semantic aphasia are:

a) the impossibility of conducting classes in the absence of a horizontal surface of the desktop, as a result of which it is significantly difficult to conduct classes with bedridden patients;

b) low interest in classes with materials of printing simulators in a number of patients in a neurological clinic due to the monotony of working with them.

In order to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings of printing simulators, a device “A simulator-tablet for exercises to restore understanding of logical and grammatical constructions in patients of a neurological clinic with semantic aphasia” (hereinafter “simulator-tablet”) was developed.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) providing the possibility of easy and quick formation of tasks for classes to restore understanding of logical and grammatical structures;

b) ensuring the possibility of changing the spatial arrangement of objects and objects;

c) providing the opportunity to conduct classes in any conditions in the absence of a desktop;

d) increasing the interest of patients in rehabilitation training due to the fact that classes are carried out with a "simulator-tablet", introducing an element of novelty into classes.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to expand the functionality of printing simulators to restore understanding of logical and grammatical structures, provided by the structural elements of the proposed device, allowing the formation of an unlimited number of various tasks during classes to restore understanding of logical and grammatical structures in patients with semantic aphasia and providing the opportunity to conduct classes in any conditions, including follows and, in the absence of the desktop.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device contains a rectangular plastic case, 310-330 mm long, 270-290 mm wide, 10-15 mm thick, in the lower part of which a cavity with dimensions 210 × 297 mm and a depth of 5-7 is made mm, and in the upper part of the body there is a working platform on which a strip of marker film is glued; at the same time, a rectangular metal plate with magnetic properties 0.5-1 mm thick, rigidly fixed inside the cavity, the dimensions of which correspond to the dimensions of the cavity, and a working plate made of transparent plastic is fixed to the side of the cavity by means of hinges, with the possibility of raising and lowering, for placing magnetic pictures on it and fixing a printed sheet with background images placed under it; the dimensions of the working plate correspond to the dimensions of the cavity, and the thickness is 1-1.5 mm; and on the side of the working plate opposite the hinges, a protrusion is made for which a recess is made in the side of the housing.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the length of the strip of the marker film is equal to the length of the cavity, and the width is determined locally, based on the dimensions of the housing.

In a preferred embodiment, the length of the protrusion of the working plate is 20-30 mm and a width of 10-15 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the length of the recess in the side of the housing is equal to the length of the protrusion, and the depth is determined locally.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, magnetic locks are fixed at the corners of the working plate.

The essence of the utility model "A simulator-tablet for classes to restore understanding of logical and grammatical structures in patients with a neurological clinic with semantic aphasia" is illustrated by the drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 - general view of the "simulator-tablet";

In FIG. 2 - "simulator-tablet" with a printed sheet with a background image;

In FIG. 3 - "simulator-tablet" with a printed sheet with a background image and magnetic pictures.

In FIG. 4, 5 - examples of printed sheets with background images installed in the "simulator-tablet."

The proposed "simulator-tablet" includes a plastic case (1) of a rectangular shape, 310-330 mm long, 270-290 mm wide, 10-15 mm thick, in the lower part of which a cavity is made for the size of a printed sheet in A4 format (210 × 297 mm), with a depth of 5-7 mm, and in the upper part of the housing (1) there is a working platform (6) onto which a strip of marker film is glued (see Fig. 1).

Inside the housing (1), a rectangular metal plate (2) with magnetic properties (made, for example, steel) 0.5-1 mm thick, with dimensions corresponding to the dimensions of the cavity, is rigidly fixed (for example, by means of adhesive bonding) to the cavity surface.

To the side of the cavity (1) by means of loops (4), a working plate (3) made of transparent plastic is movably mounted with the possibility of raising and lowering, the size of which corresponds to the dimensions of the cavity of the body (1), and the thickness is 1-1.5 mm .

In the lower corners of the working plate (3), magnetic locks (7) are fixed, ensuring it is pressed against the metal plate located below (2).

The working plate (3) is intended for:

a) placing magnetic pictures (8) on it (see Fig. 3);

b) fixing the printed sheet (9) located below it with background images (see Fig. 2, 4, 5)

A protrusion (5) is made on the side of the working plate (3) opposite the hinges (4), which acts as a “handle”, which makes it possible to lift the working plate (4) when inserting and removing the printed sheet (9) into the cavity of the housing (1).

The length of the protrusion (5) on the working plate (3) is 20-30 mm, and the width is 10-15 mm.

Under the protrusion (5) in the side of the housing (1), a recess is made, the length of which is equal to the length of the protrusion (5), and the depth is determined locally.

A strip of marker film is glued on the working platform (6), which has a matte surface and provides optimal conditions for performing graphic operations on it with a water marker and then removing the recording with a sponge or soft cloth.

As a marker film can be used, for example, “Marker film IS 127 white”, which has an adhesive layer and is easily glued to any surface (Marker film IS 127, WhiteBoard, found 08/30/2017 on the Internet at http: // www. inter-systems.ru/rear_projection_filni/presentation).

The length of the strip (6) of the marker film is equal to the length of the cavity, and the width is determined locally based on the dimensions of the body (1).

The following can be used as magnetic pictures (8) (see Fig. 2) when working with a “simulator-tablet”: a) finished magnetic pictures containing images of various objects and objects, b) specially made for working with a “simulator-tablet” magnetic pictures.

As ready-made magnetic pictures (8), for example, magnetic pictures included in the set “Forest inhabitants”, which contains images of various wild animals (Internet store MY-SHOP.RU, Soft magnets “Forest residents”, found on 30.08. 2017 on the Internet at http://my-shop.ru/shop/toys/1837015.html).

Also, in working with the “simulator-tablet” other sets of magnetic pictures can be used, such as: “Kitchen garden”, “Transport”, “Farm”, “Pets”, “Garden”, “Household items”, “Shop”, "Zoo" (online store MY-SHOP.RU, found August 30, 2017 on the Internet at the addresses http://my-shop.ru/shop/toys/1837016.html?b45=1_1; http: // my-shop.ru/shop/toys/1837018.html; http://my-shop.ru/shop/toys/1837019.html; http://my-shop.ru/shop/toys/2016329.html? b45 = 1_3, etc.).

Magnetic pictures (8) specially made to work with the “simulator-tablet” must be made of plastic and contain images of various objects or objects on the front surface, and a layer of magnetic material on the bottom surface for fixing magnetic pictures (8) on the surface of the work plate (3).

The printed sheets (9) used in the work with the “simulator-tablet” are in A4 format and contain background images in the form of color illustrations (see Figs. 2, 4, 5) corresponding to the subject of the used magnetic pictures (8).

So, for example, if magnetic pictures (8) with images of wild animals are used, then printed sheets (9) may contain background images in the form of various natural landscapes; if magnetic pictures with images of various types of transport are used, then printed sheets may contain background images in the form of streets, roads, etc .; if magnetic pictures with images of vegetables are used, then printed sheets may contain background images in the form of cellar shelves, shop windows, etc.

Thus, due to the use of printed sheets (9) with various background images onto which the corresponding magnetic pictures are installed (8), the “simulator-tablet” provides the ability to generate an unlimited number of different task options during classes to restore understanding of logical and grammatical structures in patients neurological clinic with semantic aphasia.

Due to the use of magnetic pictures (8) with fixation on the surface of the working plate (3), the “simulator-tablet” can be located not only horizontally, but also in any other position, and classes to restore understanding of logical-grammatical structures can be carried out in any conditions in the absence of a desktop.

It is also important that the presence of magnetic pictures fixed on the surface of the working plate (3) (8) facilitates the occupation of patients with hand tremors, which can accidentally slide pictures that are not fixed on the surface of the working plate.

The "Trainer-tablet for classes on restoring understanding of logical and grammatical structures in patients of a neurological clinic with semantic aphasia" works as follows:

Before the start of the lesson, the specialist lifts the working plate (3) by the protrusion (5) and installs a printed sheet (9) containing a background image in the body cavity (1), then lowers the working plate (3) fixing the printed sheet in the body cavity (1) (9).

After that, the specialist installs the magnetic images (8) corresponding to the background image onto the working plate (3) so as to form a task to restore understanding of logical-grammatical structures using the magnetic images (8) located on the background image of the printed sheet (9).

After that, the specialist begins to ask the patient questions regarding the spatial arrangement of the magnetic pictures (8), and the patient answers the questions by pointing to the corresponding magnetic pictures (8).

So, for example, when using a task in the form of magnetic pictures (8) in the form of animals against a natural landscape with a road (see Fig. 3), a specialist can ask the patient the following questions: "Which animal is located to the right and which is to the left of the road? Which Is the animal sitting under a tree? Which animal is located in front of the bush? Which animals are located close? And which animal is located farthest? etc.

At the initial stages of training, the specialist writes with a water marker on the surface of the working platform (6) the words indicating the directions of space, the understanding of which is impaired in patients with semantic aphasia.

So, for example, the word “left” is written on the left side of the working platform (6), and the word “right” is written on the right side, which facilitates the patient's spatial orientation and helps in answering specialist questions.

Also, on the surface of the working platform (6), the specialist draws various schemes with prepositions that are worked out during this lesson. For example, when working out the prepositions “above” and “under”, the specialist draws a diagram consisting of a horizontal line, on top of which the preposition “above” is located, and below the preposition “under”.

Along with tasks in which the specialist asks the patient various questions, in the work with the “simulator-tablet” tasks are used in which the specialist asks the patient to change the spatial position of the magnetic pictures (8) located on the work plate (3), for example, rearrange one magnetic picture (8) so that it is to the right of the second magnetic image (8), but to the left of the third magnetic image (8), etc.

Along with the use of a “tablet simulator” for classes to restore understanding of logical and grammatical structures in patients with a neurological clinic with semantic aphasia, it can be widely used during classes on the formation of spatial representations in children.

Thus, the proposed "simulator-tablet" allows the formation of an unlimited number of various tasks during classes to restore understanding of the logical and grammatical structures in patients with semantic aphasia, providing the opportunity to conduct classes in any conditions, including in the absence of a desktop.

The importance of the “simulator-tablet” lies in the fact that its use introduces an element of novelty into the process of training to restore understanding of logical and grammatical constructions, turning them into an interesting and interesting psychological training for patients.

Claims (5)

1. A simulator-tablet for classes to restore understanding of logical and grammatical structures in patients with a neurological clinic with semantic aphasia, characterized in that it contains a rectangular plastic case, 310-330 mm long, 270-290 mm wide, 10-15 mm thick, in the lower part of which a cavity with dimensions of 210 × 297 mm and a depth of 5-7 mm is made, and in the upper part of the body there is a working platform on which a strip of marker film is glued; at the same time, a rectangular metal plate with magnetic properties of 0.5-1 mm thickness is rigidly fixed inside the cavity, the dimensions of which correspond to the dimensions of the cavity, and a working plate made of transparent plastic is fixed to the side of the cavity by means of loops, with the possibility of raising and lowering, which recorded magnetic pictures made of plastic, containing on the lower surface a layer of magnetic material, and on the front surface of the image of various objects; under the working plate a printed sheet is fixed containing background images in the form of color illustrations corresponding to the subject of magnetic pictures; the dimensions of the working plate correspond to the dimensions of the cavity, and the thickness is 1-1.5 mm; and on the side of the working plate opposite the hinges, a protrusion is made for which a recess is made in the side of the housing. 2. The simulator-tablet according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the strip of the marker film is equal to the length of the cavity. 3. The simulator-tablet according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the protrusion of the working plate is 20-30 mm, and the width is 10-15 mm. 4. The simulator-tablet according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the recess in the side of the housing is equal to the length of the protrusion. 5. The simulator-tablet according to claim 1, characterized in that magnetic locks are fixed in the corners of the working plate.

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