RU188388U1 - The simulator is a pentagonal prism for group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions. A useful model contains made of plastic, a hollow body (1) having the shape of a straight pentagonal prism, five side faces of which are they are the same rectangles, and the bases are two regular pentagons, while on the two sides of the body (1) the same handles (2) are made on its bases, and on each of the five side faces of the body (1) there is a row of five identical in size and the depth of the cells-recesses (3) are square in shape, which are separated from each other and from the edges of the housing (1) by jumpers (4) of the same width, and a mark (5) is applied with dark paint on one of the side faces of the housing (1). simulator - a pentagonal prism due to its structural e It provides the possibility of conducting group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including bedridden patients, as well as patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of tremor of the hands. The inventive simulator - a pentagonal prism brings into the process of rehabilitation exercises with patients, an element of novelty, turning them into an interesting and attractive training for patients.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation during group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic.

Of great importance for the effectiveness of restorative education are the forms of its organization, which are used during classes with patients with disorders of various mental and motor functions.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all human capabilities and abilities, using the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow psychological -Social Institute of Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, p. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of rehabilitation education, which is based on the use of social factors, is the group form of classes, which helps to increase the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental and motor functions, expanding and complementing individual lessons with a specialist and independent studies of patients during their stay in a neurological clinic.

Group lessons allow you to realize primarily the activity of communication and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to Marvin Shaw, a specialist in group dynamics, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

Thus, the use of the group form of classes helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation training when working on the restoration of various mental functions, including intellectual activity and spatial memory, as well as motor functions, including motor functions of the hands of patients in a neurological clinic.

In domestic psychology, intellectual activity or thinking is considered as a specific but complex mental activity that has its own structure and functions (L. S. Tsvetkova, Neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients. Speech and intellectual activity, M.: Publishing House of the Moscow Polytechnic Institute, Voronezh: Modek, 2004 , p. 317).

The normal intellectual process can be disturbed in case of focal brain lesions caused by various neurological diseases, associated primarily with damage to the tertiary parieto-temporal-occipital or frontal parts of the cerebral cortex.

 The restoration of impaired intellectual activity is carried out by means of special methods depending on various conditions, such as the form of the violation, the topic of brain damage, the severity of the defect, etc. (L. S. Tsvetkova, Neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients. Speech and intellectual activity, M .: Izd- in MPSI, Voronezh: Modek, 2004, p. 320).

One of the effective methods used for group lessons on the restoration of intellectual activity is the traditional game “Tic-Tac-Toe,” which ensures the inclusion of patients in the process of solving various problems that arise during the course of game activity.

So, from the existing level of technology, the device “Lid simulator for group exercises to restore hand movements and intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic” is known (Patent RU 176720 U1, published January 25, 2018).

Structurally, this device is a square plastic base with sizes from 450 × 450 mm to 600 × 600 mm, on the front and back of which there are fields for the game “Tic-Tac-Toe,” consisting of nine or sixteen square-sized identical cells in the center each of which is made of a cylindrical protrusion with an external thread intended for winding metal caps-tokens containing images of “crosses” and “zeroes”.

Thus, this device provides the ability to simultaneously restore the movements of the wrist and the intellectual activity of patients in a neurological clinic due to the fact that, as a method aimed at restoring intellectual activity, the traditional game “Tic Tac Toe” is used, and as a method aimed at restoring movements of the wrist is used wrapping on cylindrical protrusions of metal caps, chips with the image of "crosses" or "zeroes".

 The disadvantages of this device when it is used for classes to restore the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the limited capabilities of this device when it is used to restore the motor functions of the hands, as it is intended for classes to restore the movements of the hand;

b) this device does not provide the ability to conduct classes to restore spatial memory;

c) the inconvenience of using this device for studies with bedridden patients due to its significant size;

d) this device allows you to implement the simplest versions of the game "Tic-Tac-Toe" on the playing fields of 9 and 16 cells, which reduces the interest in classes in some patients;

e) the need to use additional elements in the form of metal caps-tokens with images of “crosses” and “zeroes”.

Along with impaired intellectual activity, one of the disorders most common in patients with a neurological clinic is memory impairment, one of which is spatial memory.

Spatial memory is one of the types of memory aimed at remembering the spatial location of objects, people, physical stimuli (National Psychological Encyclopedia, Spatial memory, found on 02.01.2019 on the Internet at http://vocabulary.ru/termin/prostranstvennaja -pamjat.html).

For classes on the restoration of spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic, various devices and simulators are also used.

So, from the existing level of technology it is known "Device - a simulator for classes to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic" (Patent RU 168971 U1, published 02.28.2017).

Structurally, this device consists of a plastic case, inside which an LED backlight is installed, and in the upper part a transparent and matte plate are fixed between which work cards with tables are sequentially laid, some of whose cells are highlighted in dark color or contain any images: symbols, geometric shapes and etc. Hidden from the patient, thanks to the matte plate, dark-colored cells or cells with images become visible after the light turns on for a certain time LED backlight. The patient needs to remember the spatial location of the table cells or cells with images highlighted in dark color, and after turning off the LED backlight, mark them with a marker on the surface of the matte plate from memory.

The disadvantages of this device when it is used for classes to restore the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) this device is intended exclusively for classes on the restoration of spatial memory and cannot be used for classes on the restoration of motor functions of the hands and intellectual activity;

b) the inconvenience of conducting classes with bedridden patients, since the device does not contain structural elements that ensure the convenience of holding it in hands;

c) limiting the time of classes with this device, since when the LEDs are turned on, a light stream is sent to the patient's face;

d) the structural complexity of this device, which includes various electronic elements (LEDs, battery, timer, etc.).

In order to overcome the above disadvantages, a simulator was developed - a pentagonal prism for group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic (hereinafter referred to as the simulator - a pentagonal prism).

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) ensuring the possibility of conducting classes aimed at the simultaneous restoration of motor processes, in particular, the motor functions of the hands and mental processes, in particular intellectual activity and spatial memory;

b) providing the possibility of conducting classes with bedridden patients due to the compactness of the simulator - a pentagonal prism and the convenience of holding it in hands;

c) the absence of the need to use additional elements with images of “crosses” and “zeros” due to the fact that patients enter “crosses” and “zeros” by means of an easily erasable water marker in the square cells of the simulator - a pentagonal prism ”;

d) ensuring the convenience of inscribing “crosses” and “zeroes” in square cells, due to the fact that they are made in the form of recesses that do not allow the writing instrument to go beyond them;

e) prevention of accidental erasure of “crosses” and “zeros” inscribed in square cells, due to the fact that the simulator - a pentagonal prism is held by patients by the handles, which allows them not to touch the edges of its body during tasks;

f) ensuring the possibility of conducting classes for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of tremor of the hands;

g) the simplicity of the design of the simulator - a pentagonal prism ”, contributing to its widespread adoption in clinical practice.

The technical result of the claimed utility model, provided by the structural elements of the simulator - a pentagonal prism ”, is the possibility of conducting group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including bedridden patients, as well as patients with minor motility and the presence of tremor of the hands.

This technical result is provided due to the fact that the simulator - a pentagonal prism contains a hollow body made of plastic, having the shape of a straight pentagonal prism, the five side faces of which are the same rectangles, and the bases are two regular pentagons, while on both sides of the body on it identical handles are made on the bases, and on each of the five side faces of the body there is a series of five square-shaped cells of the same size and depth, which are separated by each other and from the edges of the case with jumpers of the same width, and a mark is applied with dark paint on one of the side faces of the case.

In a preferred embodiment of the simulator - a pentagonal prism, the thickness of the side faces and base of the body is the same and is 3-4 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the simulator - a pentagonal prism, the handles are conical in shape with a length of 80-100 mm, the diameter of which at the end is 20-25 mm, and the wall thickness is 2-3 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the simulator - a pentagonal prism, the size of the side of the square cell-recess is 15-30 mm, and the depth is 1-2 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the simulator, a pentagonal prism, the width of the jumpers is 2-3 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the simulator, a pentagonal prism, the mark can be made, for example, in the form of a line with rounded edges.

In a preferred embodiment of the simulator - a pentagonal prism, the cell-recesses are highlighted in a color different from the color of the housing.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 - general view of the simulator - a pentagonal prism from the side of two side faces;

In FIG. 2 - view of the simulator - a pentagonal prism from the side of the handle;

In FIG. 3 - an example of a work card for classes on the restoration of spatial memory.

The inventive simulator - a pentagonal prism is a hollow body made of plastic (1), having the shape of a straight pentagonal prism, the five side faces of which are the same rectangles, and the bases are two regular pentagons (see Fig. 1, 2).

Moreover, the thickness of the side faces and the bases of the body (1) is the same and amounts to 3-4 mm.

On both sides of the housing (1), on its pentagonal bases, the same hollow handles (2) of a conical shape are made with a length of 80-100 mm, the diameter of which at the end is 20-25 mm, and the wall thickness is 2-3 mm.

On each of the five side faces of the housing (1), a series of five square-shaped cells of the same size and depth are made, which are designed to fit various symbols in them in the form of “crosses” and “zeroes” or in the form of letters and digits with a washable water marker.

The size of the side of the square cell-recess (3) is 15-30 mm, and the depth is 1-2 mm.

Cells-recesses (3) are separated from each other and from the edges of the housing (1) by jumpers (4) of the same width of 2-3 mm.

The length of each side face of the casing (1) is the sum of the sides of five recess cells (3) and the width of six jumpers (4), including four jumpers (4) between recess cells (3) and two jumpers (4) between recess cells (3) and two body ribs (1).

 The width of each side face of the housing (1) is the sum of the size of the side of the cell-recess (3) and the width of two jumpers (4) between the cell-recess (3) and two edges of the body (1).

Thus, the cells-recesses (3) made on each of the five side faces of the housing (1) form a field consisting of twenty-five cells-recesses (3), which is intended:

a) for playing the "Tic-tac-toe" during classes to restore intellectual activity;

b) to enter characters in the form of letters and numbers during classes to restore spatial memory.

At the same time, on one of the side faces of the case (1) a mark (5) is applied with dark paint, indicating the top of the field for the game “Tic-Tac-Toe” and exercises to restore spatial memory.

The mark (5) can be made, for example, in the form of a line with rounded edges.

For a better perception of the cell-recesses (3) by patients of a neurological clinic, they are highlighted in a color (for example, by means of paint) that differs from the color of the body (1) of the simulator - a pentagonal prism.

Thus, the design features of the cells-recesses (3), which are made below the main surface of the faces of the housing (1), facilitate the process of inscribing symbols into them due to the fact that inscribing occurs strictly within the boundaries of the cell-recesses (3).

Due to this, conducting classes with a simulator - a pentagonal prism becomes available for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremors.

At the same time, the depth of the cell-recesses (3) does not prevent the removal of characters inscribed in them with a water marker by means of a sponge designed to erase water markers.

Along with group exercises, the simulator - a pentagonal prism can be used when conducting individual classes to restore spatial memory. For these classes, a set of square work cards made of thick paper (6) is used, each of which contains a scan image of the side faces of the case (1) with the image of twenty-five recess cells, some of which contain different characters in the form of letters or numbers (see Fig. 3).

At the same time, in the upper part of each working card (6) there is a mark image similar to the mark (5) on one of the side faces of the housing (1).

The total number of work cards (6) included in the package of the simulator - pentagonal prism is 30-40 pieces.

To store and carry the simulator - a pentagonal prism with a set of work cards (6), a cover (not shown in the figures) is used, made of plastic or fabric material.

Work with a simulator - a pentagonal prism for group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic ”is as follows.

Before the start of the lesson on the restoration of the motor functions of the hands and intellectual activity, the specialist forms a group of two patients with approximately the same degree of violation of these processes.

Then, one of the patients, holding the simulator - a pentagonal prism with a hand with a violation of movement for one of the pens (2), inscribes with an easily erasable water marker the image of a “cross” in one of the cell-recesses (3) on the side faces of the case (1).

After that, the simulator - a pentagonal prism is transferred to another patient, who takes his hand with a movement disorder (restoration of the motor functions of the hand) by the other handle (2) and performs the next move (restoration of intellectual activity), writing the image of the “zero” in another cell-recess ( 3) etc.

Thus, during the lesson, the simulator - a pentagonal prism is constantly transmitted from one patient to another patient, each of which takes and holds him (restoring the motor functions of the arm) for one of the handles (2).

At the same time, before each new move (restoration of intellectual activity), patients are forced to make various movements (restoration of the motor functions of the hand) with the simulator - a pentagonal prism, allowing them to see all the side faces of the body (1) with recess cells (3), in which “ crosses ”and“ zeroes ”.

The game ends with the victory of one of the patients, who, in accordance with the rules of the game “Tic-Tac-Toe,” made up a row of four “tic-tac-toe” or “tac-toe” on the side faces of the hull (1), or in a draw when none of them succeeded in making a row sick.

Along with the traditional game “Tic-Tac-Toe”, the simulator - a pentagonal prism can be used for variants of the game “Tic-Tac-Toe” with complicated rules, for example, the game “Tic-Tac-Toe Silverman”.

In this case, patients also alternately enter the images of “crosses” and “zeroes” in the cell-recesses (3), but the task changes. The task of the player playing with “crosses” is to line up a row of four “crosses” or “zeroes” in the cell-recesses (3). The task of the player playing the “zeros” is the opposite: to prevent the complete series of neither images of “crosses” nor images of “zeros”.

Also, during classes with a simulator - a pentagonal prism, a game can be played in “Tic-tac-toe” without taking into account the mark (5), that is, without dividing the playing field into the upper and lower parts.

After completion of the game, all images of “crosses” and “zeroes” entered by patients in the cell-indentations (3) are deleted with a sponge to erase water markers.

If the lesson conducted with the simulator - a pentagonal prism is aimed at restoring the motor functions of the hands and spatial memory, the specialist forms a group of two patients with approximately the same degree of violation of these processes. In this case, one of the patients in the group is appointed by the specialist forming the task, and the other patient is performing the task.

Further, the patient forming the task, holding the simulator - a pentagonal prism with his hand with a violation of movement for one of the handles (2), inscribes with a water marker into the cell-recesses (3) located on different side faces of the case (1), several characters in the form of letters or numbers, the number of which is set by a specialist.

At the same time, in the course of this activity, the patient is forced to carry out various movements (restoration of the motor functions of the hand) with the simulator - pentagonal prism, giving the body (1) positions that provide the ability to enter characters in the cell-recesses (3) located on different side faces housing (1).

 After this, the simulator, a pentagonal prism, is transmitted to the patient performing the task, who, within a specified time interval (from 20 seconds or more), remembers the location of the characters entered in the recesses (3) (restoration of spatial memory).

At the same time, in the course of this activity, the patient is forced to make various movements of the hand holding the simulator - a pentagonal prism (restoration of the motor functions of the hand), which makes it possible to see symbols located in recess cells (3) on different side faces of the body (1).

Next, the patient performing the task should try to reproduce the characters he remembers (restoration of spatial memory) by writing them into a nine-cell table, pre-drawn in a workbook.

After the assignment is completed, it is checked that it is completed correctly, then the patient who forms the task and the patient who performs the task change roles and the above sequence of actions is repeated the number of times specified by the specialist.

Thus, during the lesson on the restoration of spatial memory, the simulator - a pentagonal prism is constantly transmitted (restoration of motor functions of the hand) from one patient to another patient, each of which takes and holds it (restoration of motor functions of the hand) for one of the handles (2).

At the same time, each patient is forced to carry out various movements (restoration of the motor functions of the hand) with his hand with impaired movements, which allow to enter symbols in recesses (3) or to see inscribed symbols in recess cells (3) located on different side faces of the body (1) .

Along with group exercises, the simulator - a pentagonal prism can also be used when conducting individual exercises to restore spatial memory, during which work cards (6) are used with images of a table of twenty-five cells, some of which contain various characters in the form of letters or numbers (see Fig. 3).

In this case, before the start of the lesson, the specialist selects one of the work cards (6), the degree of complexity of which corresponds to the degree of violation of the spatial memory of the patient with whom the lesson will be held.

The degree of difficulty of work cards (6) is determined by the number of characters contained in the cells of the table.

Next, the selected work card (6) is located in front of the patient, who for a period of time specified by a specialist (from 20 seconds or more) remembers the spatial arrangement of the characters in the cells of the table, and then covers it with a blank sheet of paper.

After that, the patient, holding the simulator - a pentagonal prism with his hand with a violation of movement for one of the handles (2) (restoration of the motor functions of the hand), writes the symbols he remembers (restoration of spatial memory) into the cell-recesses (3).

In this case, the patient is forced to carry out various movements (restoring the motor functions of the hand) with the hand of the simulator - a pentagonal prism, giving the body (1) a position that makes it possible to enter the memorized characters in the cell-recesses (3) located on different side faces of the body (1 )

After completion of the assignment, the verification of the correctness of its implementation is carried out. Then, all the characters entered in the cell-recesses (3) are deleted with a sponge to erase water markers, and the above sequence of actions is repeated a number of times specified by a specialist using other work cards (6).

After mastering the work with the simulator - a pentagonal prism under the guidance of a specialist, patients get the opportunity to conduct independent classes both in the clinic and after discharge, at home.

Along with the use of a simulator - a pentagonal prism for classes to restore the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic, it can be widely used in the following cases:

a) when conducting correctional and developmental classes with children with impaired formation of motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory;

b) when conducting neurocognitive trainings with people of advanced and senile age;

c) as a developing simulator of intellectual activity and spatial memory for healthy children;

d) as an original gaming device that implements a new version of the game in “Tic-Tac-Toe”.

Thus, the simulator - a pentagonal prism due to its structural elements provides the possibility of conducting group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including bedridden patients, as well as patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor .

The inventive simulator - a pentagonal prism introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into an interesting and attractive training for patients.

Claims (6)

1. The simulator is a pentagonal prism for group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic, characterized in that it contains a hollow body made of plastic, having the shape of a straight pentagonal prism, the five side faces of which are the same rectangles , and the bases are two regular pentagons, while on the two sides of the case the same handles are made on its bases, and on each of the five sides A series of five square-shaped cells of the same size and depth are made of the new faces of the case, which are separated from each other and from the edges of the case by jumpers of the same width, and a mark is applied to one of the side faces of the case. 2. The simulator is a pentagonal prism according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the side faces of the housing is 3-4 mm. 3. The simulator is a pentagonal prism according to claim 1, characterized in that the handles have a conical shape with a length of 80-100 mm. 4. The simulator is a pentagonal prism according to claim 1, characterized in that the side size of the square cell-recess is 15-30 mm, and the depth is 1-2 mm. 5. The simulator is a pentagonal prism according to claim 1, characterized in that the mark is made in the form of a line with rounded edges. 6. The simulator is a pentagonal prism according to claim 1, characterized in that the recessed cells are highlighted in a color different from the body color.

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