RU196354U1 - Triangular chip for group lessons on the restoration of visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model “Triangular chip for group sessions on the restoration of visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic” refers to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group classes on the restoration of visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies. A useful model contains a flat plastic base made in the form of t eugolnika - a geometric figure formed by three sides, which connect the three vertices; at the same time, along the perimeter of both surfaces of the base (1), shoulders (2) of the same height and width are made, forming a recess cell (3) on each surface of the base (1), and a protrusion (4) is made in the region of one of the vertices of the base (1) , in which a through hole (5) is made. Thus, the “Triangular chip”, due to its structural elements, provides the comfort and convenience of conducting long-term group training courses to restore impaired visual memory with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, incl. yuchaya patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of tremor of the hands. The declared "Triangular chip" introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training. Due to the simplicity of design and ease of use, the "Triangular chip" can be widely used in clinical practice.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises to restore visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies.

Of great importance for the effectiveness of restorative education are the forms of its organization, which are used during classes with patients at a neurological clinic who have disorders of various mental functions.

Methods and forms of organizing rehabilitation education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all human capabilities and abilities, using the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M .; Moscow -Social Institute of Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, p. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of rehabilitation education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is the group form of classes, which helps to increase the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental functions, expanding and complementing individual lessons with a specialist and independent studies of patients while they are in a neurological clinic .

Group classes allow you to realize primarily the activity of communication and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to Marvin Shaw, a specialist in group dynamics, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997, chapter 9).

The use of the group form of classes helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation training when working on the restoration in patients of a neurological clinic of various types of memory, including visual memory.

Visual memory is one of the types of memory that provides fixation and reproduction of visual images and is one of the most important types of memory for human life.

Visual memory impairment occurs in patients with a neurological clinic due to damage to the occipital regions of the cerebral cortex caused by various diseases.

To restore impaired visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic, various exercises are used, during which various images are stored, followed by recognition of image data among a group of other, externally similar images (passive recognition method) or playback of a stored image from memory by drawing it (active method playback).

For practical exercises to restore impaired visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic, various devices and simulators are used.

So from the existing level of technology there is known a device "Frame card for classes to restore impaired visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic" (Patent RU 168331 U1 from 01.30. 2017).

Structurally, this device is a plastic case on one side of which there is a paper insert with an image covered by a transparent film, and on the back of the case there is a catch indicator that informs the patient that this image was presented to him for memorization.

The disadvantages of this device when used during group exercises to restore visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) this device is not intended for use during group classes;

b) this device is intended for training by the method of passive recognition, but does not provide the possibility of training by the method of active reproduction.

Also known from the existing level of technology is the device "Triangle simulator for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of visual and spatial memory by storing images in triangular cells" (Patent RU 192681 U1 of 09.25.2019).

Structurally, this device is a plastic base of a triangular shape on one of the side faces of which a handle is located, and triangular recesses are made on the front and back sides of the base.

During classes with this device, one of the patients enters various images into the cell-recesses of the front side of the base, after which the other patient remembers the image data and writes them in memory into the cell-recesses of the reverse side of the base.

The disadvantages of this device when used during group exercises to restore visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the need to constantly hold this device in the patient’s hand;

b) the dimensions of the cell-recesses of this device are small in size, allowing you to enter in them only simple images such as letters or numbers.

Also known from the existing level of technology is the “Neuropsychological game“ A memory simulator for group exercises with neurological patients by the method of storing images in multipath figures ”" (Patent RU 115308 from 07/04/2019).

This simulator includes playing chips in the form of multipath figures, differing in the number of rays, in the central part of each of which are recesses, in which one of the patients writes images of various letters or numbers, after which the other patient remembers the images inscribed in the recesses of each of the chips . Then the chips are turned over and shuffled, and the patient inscribes the images in the recesses located on the reverse sides of the corresponding chips from memory.

The disadvantages of the gaming chips of this simulator when they are used during group exercises to restore visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the dimensions of the recesses of these chips are small in size, allowing you to enter in them only simple images such as letters or numbers;

b) each chip is intended for use only in conjunction with other chips.

In order to overcome the above drawbacks and expand the arsenal of devices and simulators designed for group exercises to restore impaired visual memory, a "Triangular chip for group exercises to restore visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic" (hereinafter referred to as "Triangular chip") is developed.

 The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) providing the possibility of conducting group studies with patients of the neurological clinic to restore impaired visual memory;

b) providing the possibility of conducting classes by the method of active reproduction of a remembered image;

c) ensuring the comfort of training with the "Triangular chip" due to the lack of the need to hold it in the patient’s hand, as well as the convenience of lifting it from the horizontal surface of the desktop;

d) providing the possibility of using the "Triangular chip" an unlimited number of times due to the fact that it is made of plastic, and graphic operations are performed on its surfaces by means of an easily erasable water marker;

e) ensuring the possibility of conducting long-term courses of memory recovery due to an unlimited number of tasks, the formation of which is carried out by the patients themselves;

f) providing the possibility of inscribing into the cells of the "Triangular Chip" various images: objects, objects, composite figures, groups of multidirectional arrows, etc .;

g) providing the possibility of conducting classes for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor due to the fact that the cells of the "Triangular chip" are made in the form of recesses that do not allow the writing instrument to go beyond them;

h) the simplicity of the design of the "Triangular chip", contributing to its widespread adoption in clinical practice.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the expansion of the arsenal of devices intended for the restoration of impaired visual memory, provided by the structural elements of the declared "Triangular chip", which provides comfort and convenience for long-term courses of group exercises to restore visual memory with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor.

This technical result is ensured due to the fact that the "Triangular chip" contains a flat plastic base made in the form of a triangle - a geometric figure formed by three sides that connect three vertices; along the perimeter of both surfaces of the base there are flanges of the same height and width, forming a recess cell on each surface of the base, and a protrusion in which a through hole is made in the region of one of the tops of the base.

In a preferred embodiment of the “Triangular Chip,” the sides of the base may vary in length.

In a preferred embodiment of the "Triangular Chip", the angles between adjacent sides of the base may vary in magnitude.

In a preferred embodiment of the "Triangular Chip", a protrusion with a through hole is made in the center of one of the sides of the base.

In a preferred embodiment of the "Triangular Chip" the thickness of the protrusion is equal to the thickness of the base.

In a preferred embodiment of the “Triangular Chip”, notches are made on the end surfaces of the base.

In a preferred embodiment of the "Triangular Chip", the recess cells are highlighted in a color different from the base color.

 The essence of the utility model "Triangular chip for group classes on the restoration of visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic" is illustrated by the drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 - general view of the "Triangular chip";

In FIG. 2 - side view of the "Triangular chip";

In FIG. 3 - section AA.

The declared “Triangular chip” is a flat plastic base (1), made in the form of a triangle - “a geometric figure formed by three sides that connect three vertices that do not lie on one straight line” (Wikipedia. Triangle, found December 20, 2019 in Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle).

Along the perimeter of both surfaces of the base (1), collars (2) of the same height and width are made, forming a cell-recess (3) on each surface of the base (1) of the “Triangular chip”, designed to enter various images (objects, objects, composite) with a water marker figures, groups of multidirectional arrows, etc.) during classes.

The following dimensions of this particular “Triangular Chip” are not signs that narrow the scope of legal protection, as they may change during the process of its creation.

The length of the side of the base (1) of the “Triangular Chip” can be 30-80 mm, and the thickness of the base (1), excluding the shoulders (2), is 2-4 mm.

In this case, the sides of the base (1) of the "Triangular chip" may vary in length, and the angles between adjacent sides of the base (1) may vary in size.

Thus, depending on the length of the sides, the base (1) of the “Triangular Chip” can have the configuration of an equilateral, isosceles or versatile triangle, and depending on the size of the angles, the base (1) can have the configuration of an acute-angled, rectangular or obtuse triangle (Wikipedia. Triangle, found on December 20, 2019 on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle).

The flanges (2) made along the perimeter of both surfaces of the base (1) ensure the implementation of the following functions:

a) serve as boundaries for the writing element of the water marker when inscribing the image in the cell-recess (3);

b) protect the image inscribed in the cell-recess (3) from erasing when turning the "Triangular Chip" during the lesson;

c) increase the thickness of the base (1) of the "Triangular chip", providing the convenience of its lifting from the surface of the desktop.

In the region of one of the peaks of the base (1), on its end surface, a protrusion (4) is made in which a through hole (5) is made.

Along with this, the protrusion (4) with a through hole (5) can be made in the center of the end surface of one of the sides of the base (1).

Thus, the protrusion (4), provides the implementation of the following functions:

a) serves as a guide for the same spatial arrangement of the image, inscribed in the cell-recess (3) of each of the surfaces of the base (1);

b) is the place where the through hole (5) is made.

The thickness of the protrusion (4) is equal to the thickness of the base (1) of the "Triangular chip", and its width is 6-10 mm

The diameter of the through hole (5) is 3-7 mm.

Thus, the through hole (5) made in the protrusion (4) provides the following functions:

a) provides the ability to install a metal ring in it, which creates additional convenience when lifting the "Triangular chip" from the surface of the desktop;

b) provides the possibility of threading a lace connecting several “Triangular chips” with each other in the case of a group session with the simultaneous use of several “Triangular chips”.

The height of the flanges (2) made along the outer edge of both surfaces of the base (1) is the same and amounts to 1-2 mm, their width is also the same and equal to 2-5 mm.

Thus, the grooved cells (2) formed by the flanges (2) provide the possibility of inscribing images for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of tremor of the hands due to the limitation of the output of the writing instrument beyond the grooved cells (3).

At the same time, the small height of the shoulders (2) makes it possible to easily remove the images inscribed in the cell-recesses (3) by means of a sponge designed to erase water markers.

For the convenience of lifting the "Triangular chip" from the surface of the desktop when it is turned over, notches (6) are made on the end surfaces of the base (1).

For better perception by patients of the cells-recesses (3), they are highlighted in a color (for example, by means of paint) that differs from the color of the base (1).

Work with the "Triangular chip for group lessons on the restoration of visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic" is as follows.

Before starting classes, the specialist forms a group of two patients with approximately the same degree of visual memory impairment.

In this case, one of the patients in the group is appointed by the specialist forming the task, and the other patient is performing the task.

Further, the patient, forming the task, holding the “Triangular chip” located on the desktop by the shoulders (2), writes some image (object, object, composite figure, group of multidirectional arrows, etc.) with a water marker in the cell-recess (3). e.) whose type and complexity is set by a specialist.

 After this, the patient performing the task, within a specified time interval of the specialist (from 20 seconds or more) remembers the image written in the cell-recess (3) of the base (1), after which it turns over the "Triangular chip" and tries to reproduce the image it remembers, inscribing it from memory into a cell-recess (3) on another surface of the base (1).

In case of difficulties, the patient performing the task may briefly turn the "Triangular chip", thus receiving a hint.

Verification of the correctness of the task is carried out by comparing the images inscribed in the cell-recesses (3) on both surfaces of the base (1) of the "Triangular chip".

Further, all images inscribed in the cell-recesses (3) are deleted with a sponge to erase water markers, the patient forming the task, and the patient performing the task change roles and the entire sequence of actions is repeated a number of times specified by the specialist.

Along with the method described above, group exercises can be carried out by another method, based on the simultaneous use of several (from 2 to 7) “Triangular chips”.

In this case, the patient, forming the task, enters the images in the cell-recesses (3) of several "Triangular chips" arranged in a row on the surface of the desktop, after which the patient, performing the task, remembers the image data for a specified time.

Further, the "Triangular chips" are turned over and the patient performing the task should try to reproduce the memorized from the image, writing them from memory into the cell-recesses (3) of the used "Triangular chips".

Verification of the correctness of the tasks is carried out by sequentially comparing the images in the cell-recesses (3) on both surfaces of the base (1) of each "Triangular chip".

For the convenience of practicing patients with several “Triangular chips”, a lace connecting the “Triangular chips” to each other can be threaded through the through holes (5) made in semicircular protrusions (4).

After mastering the work with the "Triangular chip" under the guidance of a specialist, patients get the opportunity to conduct independent group exercises with it.

The effectiveness of the use of the "Triangular Chip" during the lessons to restore visual memory is ensured by the fact that the social process influences the mental sphere of patients in a neurological clinic through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. The importance is and the fact that in the case of lack of motivation for classes in one sick group, he is prompted to classes by another patient.

 Along with classes to restore visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic, the "Triangular chip" can be effectively used in a number of other cases:

a) when conducting correctional and developmental classes with children with impaired visual memory;

b) when conducting neurocognitive trainings with people of advanced and senile age;

c) as a chip of a developmental game aimed at developing and training visual-spatial memory in healthy children;

d) as chips of a memory simulator for healthy people who want to improve visual memory.

Thus, the “Triangular chip for group lessons in restoring visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic”, due to its structural elements, provides the comfort and convenience of conducting long-term courses of group lessons in restoring impaired visual memory with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremors.

The declared “Triangular chip” introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients.

Due to the simplicity of design and ease of use, the "Triangular chip" can be widely used in clinical practice.

Claims (6)

1. A triangular chip for group exercises to restore visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic, characterized in that it contains a flat plastic base made in the form of a triangle - a geometric figure formed by three sides that connect three vertices; at the same time, along the perimeter of both surfaces of the base there are flanges of the same height and width that form a recess cell on each surface of the base, and a protrusion is made on the end surface of the base, in which a through hole is made. 2. The triangular chip according to claim 1, characterized in that the sides of the base can vary in length. 3. The triangular chip according to claim 1, characterized in that the angles between adjacent sides of the base can vary in magnitude. 4. The triangular chip according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the protrusion is equal to the thickness of the base. 5. The triangular chip according to claim 1, characterized in that notches are made on the end surfaces of the base. 6. The triangular chip according to claim 1, characterized in that the cell-recesses are highlighted in a color different from the color of the base.

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