RU196242U1 - Pentagonal chip for group lessons on the restoration of visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model “Pentagonal chip for group lessons in restoring visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic” refers to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group classes in restoring visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies. A useful model contains a flat plastic base (1), having the shape of a heel a triangle, along the perimeter of both surfaces of which flanges (2) of the same height and width are made, forming a recess cell (3) on each surface of the base (1), and a protrusion (4) with a through hole is made on the end surface of the base (1) ( 5). Thus, the “Pentagonal Chip”, due to its structural elements, provides the comfort and convenience of conducting long-term group training courses to restore impaired visual memory with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including pain with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of tremor of hands. The announced “Pentagonal chip” introduces an element of novelty into the recovery process, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients. Thanks to the simplicity of design and ease of use, the “Pentagonal chip” can be widely used in clinical practice.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises to restore visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies.

Of great importance for the effectiveness of restorative education are the forms of its organization, which are used during classes with patients at a neurological clinic who have disorders of various mental functions.

Methods and forms of organizing rehabilitation education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all human capabilities and abilities, using the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M .; Moscow -Social Institute of Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, p. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of rehabilitation education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is the group form of classes, which helps to increase the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental functions, expanding and complementing individual lessons with a specialist and independent studies of patients while they are in a neurological clinic .

Group classes allow you to realize primarily the activity of communication and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to the specialist in group dynamics, Marvin Shaw, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

The use of the group form of classes helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation training when working on the restoration of various types of memory in patients with a neurological clinic, including visual memory.

Visual memory is one of the types of memory that provides fixation and reproduction of visual images and is one of the most important forms of memory for human life.

Visual memory impairment occurs in patients with a neurological clinic due to damage to the occipital parts of the cerebral cortex caused by various diseases.

To restore impaired visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic, various exercises are used, during which various images are stored, followed by recognition of image data among a group of other, externally similar images (passive recognition method) or playback of a stored image from memory by drawing it (active method playback).

For practical exercises to restore impaired visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic, various devices and simulators are used.

So from the existing level of technology there is known a device "Frame card for classes to restore impaired visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic" (Patent RU 168331 U1 from 01.30. 2017).

Structurally, this device is a plastic case, on one side of which there is a paper insert with an image covered by a transparent film, and on the back of the case there is a catch-indicator that informs the patient that this image was presented to him for memorization.

The disadvantages of this device when used during group exercises to restore visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) this device is not intended for use during group classes;

b) this device is intended for training by the method of passive recognition, but does not provide the possibility of training by the method of active reproduction.

Also known from the existing level of technology is the device "Hexagon simulator for group training in the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by storing images in hexagonal cells" (Patent RU 192703 U1 of 09.26.2019).

Structurally, this device is a hexagonal-shaped plastic base, in one of the corners of which there is a handle, and hexagonal recesses are located on the front and back sides of the base, into which one of the patients enters various images, after which the other patient remembers the image data and memory fits them into the corresponding cell-recesses of the other side of the base.

The disadvantages of this device when used during group exercises to restore visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the need to hold this device in the patient’s hand during a session;

b) the cell-recesses of this device are small in size, allowing you to enter in them only simple images such as letters or numbers.

Also known from the existing level of technology is the “Neuropsychological game“ A memory simulator for group exercises with neurological patients by the method of storing images in multipath figures ”" (Patent RU 115308 from 07/04/2019).

This simulator includes playing chips in the form of multipath figures, differing in the number of rays, in the central part of each of which are recesses, in which one of the patients enters images of various letters or numbers, after which the other patient remembers the images inscribed in the recesses of each chips. Then the chips are turned over and shuffled, and the patient inscribes the images in the recesses located on the other sides of the corresponding chips from memory.

The disadvantages of the gaming chips of this simulator when they are used during group exercises to restore visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the recesses of these chips are small in size, allowing you to enter in them only simple images such as letters or numbers;

b) each chip is intended for use only in conjunction with other chips.

In order to overcome the above drawbacks and expand the arsenal of devices and simulators designed for group exercises to restore impaired visual memory, a “pentagonal chip for group exercises to restore visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic” (hereinafter referred to as “pentagonal chip”) was developed.

 The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) providing the possibility of conducting group studies with patients of the neurological clinic to restore impaired visual memory;

b) providing the possibility of conducting classes by the method of active reproduction of a remembered image;

c) ensuring the comfort of training with the "Pentagonal chip" due to the lack of the need to hold it in the patient’s hand, as well as the convenience of lifting it from the horizontal surface of the desktop;

d) making it possible to use the "Pentagonal Chip" an unlimited number of times due to the fact that it is made of plastic, and graphic operations are performed on its surfaces by means of an easily erasable water marker;

e) ensuring the possibility of conducting long-term courses of memory recovery due to an unlimited number of tasks, the formation of which is carried out by the patients themselves;

f) providing the possibility of inscribing in the cells of the "Pentagonal chip" various images: objects, objects, composite figures, groups of multidirectional arrows, etc .;

g) providing the opportunity to conduct classes for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremors due to the fact that the cells of the "Pentagonal chip" are made in the form of recesses that do not allow the writing instrument to go beyond them;

h) the simplicity of the design of the "Pentagonal Chip", contributing to its widespread adoption in clinical practice.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to expand the arsenal of devices intended for group exercises to restore impaired visual memory, provided by the structural elements of the claimed "Pentagonal Chips", providing comfort and convenience for long-term courses of group exercises to restore visual memory with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic , including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor.

This technical result is ensured due to the fact that the "Pentagonal chip" contains a flat plastic base having the shape of a pentagon, along the perimeter of both surfaces of which there are flanges of the same height and width, forming a cell-recess on each surface of the base, while on the end surface of the base is made protrusion with through hole.

In a preferred embodiment of the “Pentagonal Chip”, the sides of the base are different in length, and the angles between adjacent sides of the base are different in size.

In a preferred embodiment of the “Pentagonal Chip”, the base has a convex pentagon configuration.

In a preferred embodiment of the “Pentagonal Chip”, the base has a non-convex pentagon configuration.

In a preferred embodiment of the "Pentagonal chip", the thickness of the protrusion is equal to the thickness of the base.

In a preferred embodiment of the “Pentagonal chip”, notches are made on the end surface of the base.

In a preferred embodiment of the “Pentagonal Chip”, the recess cells are highlighted in a color different from the base color.

The essence of the utility model "Pentagonal chip for group exercises to restore visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic" is illustrated by the drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 - general view of the "Pentagonal chip";

In FIG. 2 - side view of the "Pentagonal chip";

In FIG. 3 - section AA.

The claimed “Pentagonal chip” is a flat plastic base (1) having the shape of a pentagon, along the perimeter of both surfaces of which there are beads (2) of the same height and width, forming a recess cell (3) on each surface of the base (1), designed to inscribing various images (objects, objects, composite figures, groups of multidirectional arrows, etc.) with a water marker during classes.

The dimensions indicated below for this particular “Pentagonal Chip” are not signs of narrowing the scope of legal protection, as they may change in the process of its creation.

The length of the side of the base (1) of the "Pentagonal Chip" can be 20-80 mm, and the thickness of the base (1), excluding the shoulders (2), is 2-4 mm.

The base (1) of the “Pentagonal chip” may have the configuration of a regular pentagon, in which all sides and angles are equal.

Along with this, the sides of the base (1) of the "Pentagonal chip" can vary in length, and the angles between adjacent sides of the base (1) can vary in size.

Thus, along with the configuration of a convex pentagon, the base (1) of the “Pentagonal token” can have the configuration of a non-convex pentagon (Mathematics Reference. Polygon, found on the Internet on 01/05/2020 at http://totangens.ru/planimetriya- 6.html).

The flanges (2) made along the perimeter of both surfaces of the base (1) ensure the implementation of the following functions:

a) serve as boundaries for the writing element of the water marker when inscribing the image in the cell-recess (3);

b) protect the image inscribed in the cell-recess (3) from erasing when turning the "Pentagonal Chip" during the lesson;

c) increase the thickness of the base (1) of the "Pentagonal chip", providing the convenience of its lifting from the surface of the desktop;

d) give additional rigidity to the base (1) of the "Pentagonal chip".

On the end surface of the base (1), a protrusion (4) is made in which a through hole (5) is made.

In this case, the protrusion (4) can be located on the end surface of the base (1) in the region of one of the corners of the base (1) or in the center of one of the sides of the base (1).

Thus, the protrusion (4), provides the implementation of the following functions:

a) serves as a guide for the same spatial arrangement of the image, inscribed in the cell-recess (3) of each of the surfaces of the base (1);

b) is the place where the through hole (5) is made.

The thickness of the protrusion (4) is equal to the thickness of the base (1) of the "Pentagonal chip", and its width is 6-12 mm

The diameter of the through hole (5) is 3-8 mm.

Thus, the through hole (5) made in the protrusion (4) provides the following functions:

a) provides the ability to install a metal ring in it, which provides additional convenience when lifting the "Pentagonal chip" from a horizontal surface;

b) provides the possibility of threading a lace connecting several “Pentagonal chips” with each other in the case of a group lesson with the simultaneous use of several “Pentagonal chips”.

The height of the flanges (2) made along the outer edge of both surfaces of the base (1) is the same and amounts to 1-2 mm, their width is also the same and equal to 2-5 mm.

Thus, the grooved cells (2) formed by the flanges (2) provide the possibility of inscribing images for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of tremor of the hands due to the limitation of the output of the writing instrument beyond the grooved cells (3).

At the same time, the small height of the shoulders (2) makes it possible to easily remove the images inscribed in the cell-recesses (3) by means of a sponge designed to erase water markers.

For the convenience of lifting the "Pentagonal chip" from the surface of the desktop when it is turned over, notches (6) are made on the end surface of the base (1).

For better perception by patients of the cells-recesses (3), they are highlighted in a color (for example, by means of paint) that differs from the color of the base (1).

Work with the "Pentagonal chip for group lessons on the restoration of visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic" is as follows.

Before starting classes, the specialist forms a group of two patients with approximately the same degree of visual memory impairment.

In this case, one of the patients in the group is appointed by the specialist forming the task, and the other patient is performing the task.

Further, the patient, forming the task, holding the “Pentagonal chip” located on the desktop by the collars (2), writes some image (object, object, composite figure, group of multidirectional arrows, etc.) with a water marker in the cell-recess (3). ) whose type and complexity is set by a specialist.

 After that, the patient performing the task, within a specified time interval of the specialist (from 20 seconds or more), remembers the image written in the cell-recess (3) of the base (1), after which he turns over the “Pentagonal chip” and tries to reproduce the image he remembered, inscribing it from memory into a cell-recess (3) on another surface of the base (1).

In case of difficulties, the patient performing the task can briefly turn over the “Pentagonal chip” located on the desktop, thus receiving a hint.

Verification of the correctness of the task is carried out by comparing the images inscribed in the cell-recesses (3) on both surfaces of the base (1) of the “Pentagonal chip”.

Further, all images inscribed in the cell-recesses (3) are deleted with a sponge to erase water markers, the patient forming the task, and the patient performing the task change roles and the entire sequence of actions is repeated a number of times specified by the specialist.

Along with the method described above, group classes can be carried out by another method, based on the simultaneous use of several (from 2 to 7) “pentagonal chips”.

In this case, the patient forming the task writes images into the cell-recesses (3) of several “Pentagonal chips” located in a row on the surface of the desktop, after which the patient performing the task remembers the image data for a specified time interval.

Further, “Pentagonal chips” are turned over and the patient performing the task should try to reproduce the memorized ones from the image by inscribing them from memory into the cell-recesses (3) of the used “Pentagonal chips”.

Verification of the correctness of the tasks is carried out by sequentially comparing the images in the cell-recesses (3) on both surfaces of the base (1) of each "Pentagonal chip".

For the convenience of practicing patients with several “Pentagonal chips”, a lace connecting the “Pentagonal chips” with each other can be threaded through the through holes (5) made in semicircular protrusions (4).

After mastering the work with the "Pentagonal chip" under the guidance of a specialist, patients get the opportunity to conduct independent group exercises with it.

The effectiveness of the use of the “Pentagonal Chip” in the course of classes to restore visual memory is ensured by the fact that the social process influences the mental sphere of patients in a neurological clinic through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. It is important. and the fact that in the case of insufficient motivation for classes in one sick group, he is prompted to classes by another patient.

 Along with classes on the restoration of visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic, the "Pentagonal chip" can be effectively used in a number of other cases:

a) when conducting correctional and developmental classes with children with impaired visual memory;

b) when conducting neurocognitive trainings with people of advanced and senile age;

c) as a chip in a developmental game aimed at developing and training visual memory in healthy children;

d) as a chip of a memory simulator for healthy people who want to improve visual memory.

Thus, the “Pentagonal Chip”, due to its structural elements, provides the comfort and convenience of conducting long-term group training courses to restore impaired visual memory with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor.

The declared “Pentagonal chip” introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients.

Due to the simplicity of design and ease of use, the “Pentagonal chip” can be widely used in clinical practice.

Claims (7)

1. A pentagonal chip for group exercises on the restoration of visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic, characterized in that it contains a flat plastic base having the shape of a pentagon, along the perimeter of both surfaces of which are made collars of the same height and width, forming a recess cell on each surface of the base, while on the end surface of the base there is a protrusion with a through hole. 2. The pentagonal chip according to claim 1, characterized in that the sides of the base differ in length, and the angles between adjacent sides of the base differ in size. 3. The pentagonal chip according to claim 1, characterized in that the base has the configuration of a convex pentagon. 4. The pentagonal chip according to claim 1, characterized in that the base has the configuration of a non-convex pentagon. 5. The pentagonal chip according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the protrusion is equal to the thickness of the base. 6. The pentagonal chip according to claim 1, characterized in that notches are made on the end surface of the base. 7. The pentagonal chip according to claim 1, characterized in that the cell-recesses are highlighted in a color different from the color of the base.

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