RU198924U1 - Device (counter-soccer ball) for group exercises for restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory - Google Patents

Abstract

The useful model "A device for group exercises for restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory" refers to medicine in the field of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group sessions on recovery and preventive training of visual-spatial memory. The useful model contains a flat plastic base (1) of a round shape, the front and back sides of which are made in the form of an image of a soccer ball, consisting of elements (2), which are formed by protrusions (3a, 3b) of the same height, and differ by: circular projections (3a) located along the perimeter of both sides of the base (1), and linear projections (3b) located on the surface of both sides of the base (1); moreover, elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball are made with the possibility of inscribing various symbols and icons with a water marker; the number, shape and location of elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball are the same on the front and back sides of the base (1), and on the end surface of the base (1) there is an eyelet (4) with a through hole. Thus, the "Device" for due to its structural elements, it provides the comfort and convenience of conducting long-term courses of group classes for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in the neurological clinic, including patients with fine motor impairment and hand tremors. The claimed "Device" introduces an element novelty, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients. Due to its simplicity of design and ease of use, the "Device" can find wide application in clinical practice.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the field of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group sessions on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic.

The forms of its organization used in the course of classes with patients of a neurological clinic with impairments of various mental functions play an important role for the effectiveness of restorative training.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for the maximum use of all the capabilities and abilities of a person, use of the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S.Aphazia and restorative education. M .; Moscow Psychology -social institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, pp. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of restorative training, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is a group form of training, which contributes to the increase in the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental functions, expanding and supplementing individual classes with a specialist and independent studies of patients while they are in a neurological clinic ...

Group lessons allow realizing, first of all, the activity of communication and influence on the patient's personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competitiveness, etc. (Tsvetkova LS Aphasia and restorative education. M .; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing House NPO "MODEK", 2001, p. 9).

According to group dynamics specialist Marvin Shaw, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (D. Myers Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

The use of a group form of training contributes to an increase in the effectiveness of restorative training when working on the restoration of various types of memory in patients with a neurological clinic, one of which is visual-spatial memory.

Various devices and simulators are used to conduct group lessons on the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory in patients of the neurological clinic.

Also known from the prior art is a device "Hexagon simulator for group exercises for restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by memorizing images in hexagonal cells" (Patent RU 192703 U1 dated 09/26/2019).

Structurally, this device is a plastic base of a hexagonal shape, in one of the corners of which there is a handle, and on the front and back sides of the base there are hexagonal cells-recesses, into which one of the patients inscribes images of various symbols, after which the other patient memorizes the image data and memory inscribes them into the groove cells on the other side of the base.

The disadvantages of this device when it is used in the course of group sessions for the restoration and preventive training of the visual-spatial memory of the clinic are:

a) the need to constantly transfer the device in the course of training from one patient to another;

b) the need to hold the device by the handle during exercise.

Also, from the existing state of the art, a device "Triangular chip with triangular cells for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory" is known (Patent RU 197414 U1 dated 04/23/2020).

Structurally, this device is a flat triangular base, on each side of which there are triangular-shaped depressions, into which one of the patients inscribes images of symbols or icons with a water marker, after which the other patient remembers them, and writes similar images into the corresponding cells from memory - recesses on the other side of the base.

Also, from the existing prior art, a device is known "Round chip with circular sectors for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory" (Patent RU 197008 U1 dated 03.24.2020).

Structurally, this device is a flat round base, on each side of which there are recessed cells in the form of circular sectors, into which one of the students enters images of various symbols or icons, after which the other student memorizes the image data and enters them from memory into the corresponding groove cells on the other side of the base.

However, prolonged work with each of the devices considered above leads to the emergence of addiction in patients and a decrease in interest in classes, which contributes to a decrease in the effectiveness of classes for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above simulators and devices, as well as expand the arsenal of devices intended for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory, a "Device for group exercises for the recovery and preventive training of visual-spatial memory" has been developed (hereinafter referred to as " Device").

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) ensuring the possibility of conducting group sessions with patients of the neurological clinic aimed at restoring impaired visual-spatial memory;

b) ensuring the possibility of conducting group exercises aimed at preventive training of visual-spatial memory of patients with minor memory impairment;

c) ensuring the comfort of training with the "Device" due to the absence of the need to hold it in the patient's hand, as well as the convenience of lifting it from a horizontal surface;

d) maintaining the interest of patients in the exercise process through the use of a new device;

e) ensuring the possibility of using the "Device" an unlimited number of times due to the fact that it is made of plastic, and graphic actions are performed on its surfaces by means of an easily erased water marker;

f) ensuring the possibility of conducting long-term courses for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory due to an unlimited number of tasks, the formation of which is carried out by the patients themselves;

g) ensuring the possibility of conducting classes for patients with fine motor disorders and the presence of hand tremors due to the fact that the elements of the "Device" are made in the form of indentations that do not allow the water marker rod to go beyond their limits;

h) the simplicity of the "Device" design, contributing to its widespread introduction into clinical practice.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the expansion of the arsenal of devices intended for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory, which helps to maintain the interest of patients in the exercise process and is ensured by the structural elements of the claimed "Device" that provide comfort and convenience for long-term group courses. classes on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in the neurological clinic, including patients with fine motor impairment and hand tremors.

This technical result is provided due to the fact that the "Device" contains a flat plastic base of a round shape, the front and back sides of which are made in the form of an image of a soccer ball, consisting of elements that are formed by protrusions of the same height, and differ in: circular protrusions located along the perimeter of both sides of the base, and linear protrusions located on the surface of both sides of the base; moreover, the elements of the image of a soccer ball are made with the possibility of inscribing various symbols and icons with a water marker; the number, shape and location of the image elements of the soccer ball are the same on the front and back sides of the base, and an eyelet with a through hole is made on the end surface of the base.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Appliance", the surface of the soccer ball image elements is coated in white and gray.

The essence of the utility model "Device for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory" is illustrated by drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 - General view of the front side of the "Device";

FIG. 2 is a side view of the "Device".

The declared "Device" (see Fig. 1, 2) is a flat plastic base (1) of a round shape, the front and back sides of which are made in the form of a stylized image of a soccer ball, consisting of various elements (2), which are formed by circular and linear protrusions (3a, 3b), and are intended for inscribing symbols (letters, numbers) or icons (checkmarks, dots) during the lessons using an easily erasable water marker.

The soccer ball has a spherical shape and consists of pentagonal and hexagonal panels connected to each other. The standard color of a soccer ball is a ball with black pentagonal panels and white hexagonal panels (Wikipedia. Soccer ball, found on 05/01/2020 on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Football_ball).

Thus, the elements (2) of the base (1) of the "Device" formed by the protrusions (3a, 3b) are a flat projection displaying a soccer ball, consisting of pentagonal and hexagonal panels, onto the surface of a circular base (1).

The dimensions of this particular "Device" indicated below are not signs that narrow the scope of legal protection, since they may change in the process of its creation.

The diameter of the base (1) of the "Device" is 40-100 mm, and the thickness of the base (1) is 2-4 mm.

The protrusions (3a, 3b) made on the front and back sides of the base (1) differ in:

a) circular protrusions (3a) located along the perimeter of both sides of the base (1);

b) linear protrusions (3b) located on the surface of both sides of the base (1) in such a way that, together with the circular protrusions (3a), form elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball, which corresponds to a flat projection of the soccer ball panels onto the surface of the base (1 ).

Thus, the circular protrusions (3a) form the contour of the image of the soccer ball, and the linear protrusions (3b) correspond to the joints of the panels of the soccer ball on its flat image located on both sides of the base (1) of the "Device".

The width of the circular projections (3a) is the same and is 3-6 mm.

The width of the linear protrusions (3b) is the same and is 2-4 mm.

In this case, elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball have the form:

a) pentagons and hexagons, which are formed by linear protrusions (3b) and are located in the central part of each side of the base (1);

b) quadrangles and pentagons, which are formed by circular and linear protrusions (3a, 3b) and are located along the perimeter of each side of the base (1).

The total number of elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball on each side of the base (1) may be 16 pieces or another number.

In this case, the number, shape and location of elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball are the same on the front and back sides of the base (1) of the "Device".

The height of the circular and linear protrusions (3a, 3b) is the same and is 1–2 mm.

Thus, the constructive circular and linear protrusions (3a, 3b) provide the implementation of the following functions:

a) serve as boundaries for the water marker rod, providing the convenience of inscribing symbols or icons into the elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball, making the exercise process accessible to patients with fine motor impairment and hand tremors;

b) increase the thickness of the base (1) of the "Device", ensuring the convenience of lifting it from a horizontal surface;

c) give additional rigidity to the base (1) of the "Device".

At the same time, the small height of the projections (3a, 3b) does not prevent the removal of traces of water markers by means of a sponge designed to erase them.

An eyelet (4) with a through hole is made on the end surface of the base (1).

"An eyelet is a device on the side of various objects for more convenient lifting, holding, hanging, etc." (Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova. The meaning of the word ear, found on 05/01/2020 on the Internet at https://www.efremova.info/word/ushko.html#.XkdSQxtn3IU).

The thickness of the eyelet (4) is equal to the thickness of the base (1), and its width is 8-14 mm. The through hole diameter is 4-8 mm.

Thus, the eyelet (4) provides the following functions:

a) serves as a reference point for the same spatial arrangement of symbols or icons inscribed in the elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball on each side of the base (1);

b) provides the ability to install a metal ring in it, which provides additional convenience when lifting the "Device" from a horizontal surface;

c) provides the ability to thread a string connecting several "Devices" with each other, in the case of a group lesson with the simultaneous use of several "Devices".

For the convenience of lifting and holding the "Device" when it is turned over, notches (5) are made on the end surface of the base (1).

For the convenience of practicing patients with the "Device", a mark (6) is applied to the surface of the face of the base (1) (for example, with dark paint), which can be made, for example, in the form of a circle.

For a better perception by patients of the structure of elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball, the surface of the elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball is coated (for example, by means of paint) with a white and gray coating, similar to the arrangement of white and black panels on a soccer ball.

Working with the useful model "Device for group exercises for restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory" is carried out as follows.

Before starting the training, the specialist forms a group of two patients with approximately the same degree of visual-spatial memory impairment.

In this case, one of the patients in the group is appointed by the specialist who forms the task, and the other patient is assigned to the task.

Further, the patient forming the task, holding the "Device" located on the desktop by the edges of the base (1), inscribes in separate elements (2) images of a soccer ball on the front side of the base (1) various symbols (letters, numbers) or icons (dots , check marks).

In this case, the total number of symbols or icons inscribed by the patient is set by a specialist and increases as the patient achieves positive results in the restoration of visual-spatial memory.

After that, the patient performing the task, during the time interval specified by the specialist (from 20 or more seconds), memorizes the inscribed symbols and icons, and then turns the "Device" over and writes the symbols and icons into the corresponding elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball on the reverse side of the base (1).

In case of difficulty, the patient performing the task can turn the "Device" over for a short time, thus receiving a hint.

Checking the correctness of the task is carried out by comparing the images inscribed in the elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball on the front and back sides of the base (1) of the "Device".

Further, all inscribed symbols and icons are removed with a sponge for erasing water markers, the patient forming the task and the patient performing the task change roles, and the entire sequence of actions is repeated a number of times specified by the specialist.

Along with the above-described method, group lessons can be carried out by another method based on the simultaneous use of two "Devices".

In this case, each patient inscribes symbols or icons in separate elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball on the front side of the base (1) of the "Device" used, after which both patients show them to each other, and during a time interval specified by a specialist (from 20 and more seconds) memorize symbols or icons inscribed in elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball.

Further, each patient tries to reproduce the memorized symbols and icons, inscribing them from memory in the corresponding elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball on the reverse side of the base (1) of the "Device" used.

Checking the correctness of the task is carried out by alternately comparing the symbols or icons inscribed in the elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball on the front side of the base (1) "Device" of one patient and the back of the base (1) "Device" of another patient.

Along with the above methods, group lessons can be carried out by another method based on the simultaneous use of several (from 2 to 4) "Devices".

In this case, the patient, who forms the task, inscribes symbols or icons into separate elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball on the front sides of the bases of several "Devices" located in a row on the surface of the desktop, after which the patient performing the task, during the time specified by the specialist time (from 20 seconds or more) remembers symbols or icons inscribed in elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball on each of the "Devices" used.

Further, the "Devices" are turned over, and the patient performing the task must try from memory to write symbols or icons into the corresponding elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball on the reverse sides of the bases of the "Devices" used.

Checking the correctness of the tasks is carried out by sequential comparison of symbols or icons inscribed in the corresponding elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball on the front and back sides of the base (1) of each used "Device".

For the convenience of practicing patients with several "Devices" through the eyelet (4) of each "Device", a cord can be threaded connecting them with each other.

After mastering the work with the "Device" under the guidance of a specialist, patients get the opportunity to conduct independent group lessons with him.

The effectiveness of using the "Device" in the course of classes for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory is ensured by the fact that the process of training includes social factors of influence on the mental sphere of patients in the neurological clinic through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competitiveness, etc. It is also important that in case of lack of motivation to train in one patient of the group, there is his motivation to train on the part of another patient.

Along with lessons on restoration of visual-spatial memory, the "Device" is also intended for use in the course of preventive training of visual-spatial memory, the main difference of which is a greater number of symbols or icons inscribed in elements (2) of the image of a soccer ball and a smaller interval time to memorize them.

In addition, the "Device" can be effectively used in a number of other cases:

a) when carrying out correctional and developmental classes with children who have disorders in the formation of visual-spatial memory;

b) when conducting neurocognitive trainings with elderly and senile people;

c) as a chip of an educational game aimed at developing and training visual-spatial memory in healthy children;

d) as a memory trainer chip for healthy people who want to improve their visual-spatial memory;

e) as a souvenir product, for example, a key chain or bag, which provides an opportunity to train visual-spatial memory in various conditions.

Thus, the "Device for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory" due to its structural elements provides comfort and convenience in conducting long-term courses of group sessions for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in the neurological clinic, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremors.

The claimed "Device" introduces an element of novelty into the training process, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients.

Due to the simplicity of design and ease of use, the "Device" can be widely used in clinical practice.

Claims (2)

1. A device for group exercises for restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory, characterized in that it contains a flat plastic base of a round shape, the front and back sides of which are made in the form of an image of a soccer ball, consisting of elements that are formed by protrusions of the same height, and differ in: circular protrusions located along the perimeter of both sides of the base, and linear protrusions located on the surface of both sides of the base; moreover, the elements of the image of a soccer ball are made with the possibility of inscribing various symbols and icons with a water marker; the number, shape and location of the elements of the image of the soccer ball are the same on the front and back sides of the base, and an eyelet with a through hole is made on the end surface of the base. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the soccer ball image elements is coated with white and gray colors.

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