RU2710139C1 - Gaming device for developing visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills of children and adults - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: games; medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to game devices intended for development of visual-spatial memory and training of fine motor skills, and can be used both with support, and without support in composition of game complexes for children and adults both in home conditions, and in conditions of pre-school, primary general and additional education establishments. It can also be used as an agent for rehabilitation of people with visual-spatial memory and fine motor disorders. Disclosed game device for developing visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills of children and adults, comprises a rectangular panel having a front side and a reverse side, panel has through holes, the mutual arrangement of which forms horizontal and vertical rows, through each hole is stretched at least one flexible element with the possibility of its movement relative to the hole by gripping with the user's limb, so that the ends of each flexible element, coming to the front side, are equipped with a movement limiter, having dimensions exceeding the size of holes, and the ends of each flexible element extending to the reverse side are equipped with a travel limiter. Limiters of movement of flexible elements on the face side of the panel must differ by their appearance and symbolic value, and limiters of movement on the reverse side of the panel, on the contrary, must be externally identical.EFFECT: wider range of compact game devices for developing visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills, suitable for use in classes in children's educational organizations, as well as in a home game complex for the whole family, preferably children of senior preschool and primary school age in interaction with adults, and as a rehabilitation tool for children and people with visual and spatial memory and fine motor disorders, using a game form of training.9 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to gaming devices designed for the development of visual-spatial memory and training of fine motor skills, and can be used both with support and without support as part of game complexes for children and adults, both at home and in preschool institutions, primary general and additional education. It can also be used as a means of rehabilitation of people with impaired visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills.

It is known that the mental function of visual-spatial perception and memory is one of the most important for ensuring the effectiveness of schooling and the successful socialization of the child. It should be noted that on the basis of visual perception in combination with tactile-motor perception, fine motor skills develop, which also affects the development of speech (Zinchenko V.P., Zinchenko T.V. Perception // General Psychology / edited by A. Petrovsky. V. - M, 1986 .; Velichkovsky B.M., Zinchenko V.P., Luria A.R. Psychology of perception. - M.: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 1973).

Simulator devices, including game devices, are known from the existing level of technology for the development of visual-spatial memory and the training of fine motor skills. For example, the famous “Developing clamshell toy” (Patent RU 2453350), consisting of a set of game elements that are made in the form of isosceles right-angled triangles with a colored and / or coated playing surface and are assembled on a workpiece made of malleable material, divided by fold lines into isometric game elements are transparent isosceles right-angled triangles, only one of the three sides of which does not have a strong connection with the workpiece material. From game elements, students, according to a given pattern, assemble a color panel by installing them in the corresponding transparent triangle. Thus, in the process of artistic construction of a standard from a set of triangle elements, the imaginative and spatial thinking of students develops. The famous toy has limited functionality, because it does not provide training in visual-spatial memory.

A well-known development board (stand, module) is the “busy board”, on one side of which (the front side) various objects and toys of various shapes, colors and textures are attached for different purposes (Bizibordum.ru online store - Smart store bizibordov ", appeal date 03/06/2019 at the address https://ekateriburg.bizibordum.ru.). The business board is used to expand the horizons of children, to satisfy and stimulate their cognitive needs and abilities, including for the development of visual memory, the development of fine motor skills of hands. But the bizibord does not provide visual-spatial memory training.

A device is known “A playing field for group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic” (Patent RU 176521), which includes a square plastic base on the surface of which from 16 to 64 cylindrical protrusions with external thread on which metal covers are wound, on the inside of which there are various images, each of which is repeated on two covers, and in the center of each cylindrical protrusion a magnetic plate is attached, which provides rigid fixation of the metal chip cover when it is located on the cylindrical protrusion with the inner side up.

The known device is used for practicing with sick people to train their visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills by conducting classes on winding and / or unscrewing the covers and memorizing the patterns on the bottoms of the covers, by analogy with the famous Memori game (Mosigra online store , appeal date 03/13/2019 at https://www.mosigra.ru/allgames/memory/).

The disadvantage of this device is that it does not contain the constructive ability to change the level of difficulty of tasks, and also that this design has a limitation on the ability to train fine motor skills only by torsion of covers.

A device is known “Cork mini-panel for classes in restoring fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic” (Patent RU 183783), which is a plastic base in the form of a regular hexagon, on the front surface of which in the center and around the perimeter are hollow cylindrical protrusions with an external thread for screwing plugs on them, and on the back of the base there are through holes, the location and diameter of which correspond to the location the position and inner diameter of the cylindrical protrusions, and a mark is applied to the front surface of the base. Through holes provide the opportunity to see the bottom of the plug-chips, wound on cylindrical protrusions, from the back of the panel. In this case, the used cork-chips can be of different colors or the same color with different images on their bottoms. The degree of complexity of the classes is provided by installing on the desktop several "cork mini-panels."

This known device is used for classes on winding and / or unscrewing the covers in order to train memorizing elements (patterns on the bottoms of the covers), their location on the back of the panel, and reproducing their location also by screwing / unscrewing on the front side of the panel.

A disadvantage of the known device for the development of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills of the hand is that the design does not include the ability to change the level of difficulty of tasks, and the opportunities for the development of fine motor skills can not be fully realized due to the restriction of training only by twisting the covers.

There is a device called “Trainer-palette” for practicing restoration of fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic (Patent RU 184395), which is a plastic base in the form of a traditional oval palette used by artists, on the front surface of which is around the oval and in its central part is made of cylindrical protrusions with an external thread, designed for winding plug caps, and on the back side of the base there are through holes, location and the diameter of which correspond to the location and the internal diameter of the cylindrical projections. Through holes provide the opportunity to see the bottoms of plug plugs wound onto cylindrical protrusions in the process of memorizing elements (patterns on the bottoms of covers) and their location on the back of the panel or on sets of work cards, followed by reproduction of their location by screwing / unscrewing onto front side of the panel.

The disadvantage of this device for the development of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills of hands is that it does not contain the constructive ability to change the difficulty level of tasks, and also that this design has limited training opportunities for fine motor skills due to the use of only torsion covers.

The tabletop simulator is also known from the prior art, which is a case having the shape of a square parallelepiped, in the upper face of which there are twenty-four identical recesses in which work elements are placed, which are used as felt-tip pens of different colors, with the same caps in white, and the upper and lower faces of the body are square in shape, while the recesses themselves are arranged in even rows in a checkerboard pattern as follows: four rows contain four recesses in a row, d and a number of - three recesses in a row, a central row - two recesses in a row, while on the upper side of the casing marked with guides (RU Patent No. 183889). For training visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills using this "Tabletop simulator", a set of two identical sets of felt-tip pens is used.

In the process of training with this simulator, felt-tip pens are installed in or removed from its body, and their caps are removed and put on, and at the same time, the elements (colors of the felt-tip pens) and their location on the panel are remembered. Then reproduce their location in the body of the simulator by installing or removing markers and their caps.

The disadvantage of this "Desktop simulator" is that it does not contain a constructive ability to change the level of difficulty of tasks, and also that this design has limited training opportunities for fine motor skills due to the use of only the same type of felt-tip pens and their caps and execution with them of the same type of operations.

Closest to the proposed invention for its intended purpose and the achieved result is the device "Game panel simulator for group exercises to restore fine motor skills, visual-spatial memory and intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic" (Patent RU 182218). It contains a rectangular plate made of plastic, on the front surface of which there is a marking in the form of vertical and horizontal lines, forming square cells of the same size on its surface, in the center of each of which there is a hollow cylindrical protrusion with an external thread for winding plastic plugs-chips, the upper the surfaces of which contain images of symbols, and the bottoms are painted in various colors; the threaded diameter and the height of the cylindrical protrusions are made to the threaded diameter and height of the existing screw plastic plugs, and the holes are made on the back of the plate, the number, location and diameter of which correspond to the number, location and inner diameter of the cylindrical protrusions, while on the two sides of the plate Through cuts of elongated shape are made. These openings provide the trainees with the opportunity to see the bottoms of the plug-chips wound onto the cylindrical protrusions from the back of the panel.

Training with this device consists in winding and / or unscrewing the covers, memorizing the elements (colors, patterns on the bottoms of the covers), their location on the back of the panel, and reproducing from memory their location by screwing / unscrewing the covers on the front side of the panel.

The disadvantage of this known device for group exercises to restore fine motor skills, visual-spatial memory and intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic is that it does not contain a constructive ability to change the level of difficulty of tasks, and also that this design has a limited ability to train fine motor skills only by torsion of the covers.

It should also be noted that fine motor training only in this way limits the use of this device, in particular, for working with children of preschool and primary school age, because it does not allow to fully take into account in the process of training the physiological, mental, individual-personality age characteristics of the development of visual-spatial memory, fine motor skills and, in general, the intellectual development of children.

Thus, a technical problem is a narrow range of gaming devices for the development of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills, suitable for use in classes in children's educational organizations, as well as as part of a home game complex for the whole family, preferably children of preschool and primary school age interaction with adults, and as a means of rehabilitation of children and people with impaired visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills.

The technical result of the claimed device is the expansion of the range of compact gaming devices for the development of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills, suitable for use in the classroom in children's educational organizations, as well as as part of a home game complex for the whole family, preferably children of preschool and primary school age interaction with adults, and as a means of rehabilitation of children and people with impaired visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills, with the use of game form of training.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the claimed gaming device for the development of visual and spatial memory and fine motor skills of children and adults, which contains a rectangular panel having a front and back sides, with the possibility of using both the front and back sides, by rotating the panel with one side to the other, and the panel has through holes, the mutual arrangement of which forms horizontal and vertical rows, and at least one gy is stretched through each hole This element with the possibility of displacement relative to the opening by a user grasping limb. In this case, each flexible element is stretched through the hole in such a way that with one end it freely extends to the front side of the panel, and with its other end it freely extends to the reverse side of the panel, and at each end of each flexible element there is a movement limiter which, in order to avoid falling out of panel openings made with dimensions exceeding the size of the holes. For the formation and development of visual perception and visual memory in practicing children and adults, the limiters of movement of flexible elements on the front side of the panel differ in their appearance and symbolic meaning, and the limiters of movement on the reverse side of the panel, on the contrary, have an outwardly identical appearance, which suggests activation of mechanisms reminiscences of playing and practicing. The angles of the panel are rectangular in shape, as well as the location of the holes in it, are necessary reference points for memorizing the spatial and spatial arrangement of the restrictive elements on the front panel when playing and practicing.

To vary the difficulty of the task, in accordance with the level of development of playing or practicing, the holes that make up the rows on the panel can be grouped in an amount of at least two. Instead of a group of holes, objects made with holes of at least two, with the possibility of installing a rectangular panel in the holes, can be used.

To increase the training and game effect, two or more flexible elements can be stretched through each hole in the panel.

Various items corresponding to the age characteristics and interests of children, for example, buttons, beads, toys, etc., can be used as restrictors on the movement of flexible elements on the front side of the panel.

The materials from which the flexible elements are made may differ in their external, physical and tactile properties, for example, inextensible - cords, cotton ropes, synthetic fishing lines; soft and tensile - various elastic bands of uniform and heterogeneous composition, etc. These differences of flexible elements are necessary for the development of visual-tactile perception and, as a result, fine motor skills.

The panel, in order to complicate tasks and further develop visual-spatial memory, can be performed in any other geometric form.

To vary the difficulty of the task, in accordance with the level of development of playing or training, for example, to complicate, the limiters of movement of flexible elements on the front side of the panel are represented by views of two or more, for example: two characters: “hare - hedgehog”; four symbols: "hare - hedgehog - apple - flower".

To increase the complexity of the memorization task, the panel is configured to be rotated by users in the plane of the front or back side around an axis perpendicular to these planes, i.e. during the game or training, the game panel can be rotated and fixed in other positions, in any other directions relative to the planes of the front and back sides, for example, the upper part of the front panel can be turned down, etc.

The inventive device is illustrated by the following drawings.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a General view of the claimed device.

In FIG. 2 schematically shows the inventive device in section.

In FIG. 3 schematically shows the inventive device with grouped holes in the panel.

In FIG. 4 schematically shows the claimed device is a panel with objects inserted into its holes having a group of holes.

In FIG. 5 schematically shows an object having a group of holes.

In FIG. 6 schematically shows an embodiment of rotation of the panel when using it.

In FIG. 7 shows the appearance of one of the manufactured embodiments of the front side of the panel.

In FIG. 8 shows the appearance of one of the manufactured options for performing the reverse side of the panel.

The inventive gaming device for the development of visual and spatial memory of children and adults, contains a rectangular panel 1 having a front side 2 and a reverse side 3, through-holes 4 are made in the panel, the relative positions of which form horizontal and vertical rows, at least 4 are extended through each hole 4 one flexible element 5 with the possibility of its movement relative to the hole 4 by gripping the limb of the user, so that the ends of each flexible element 5, facing evuyu side 2, are provided with limiter movement 6 having dimensions exceeding the size of the openings, and the ends of each flexible element 5, facing the back side 3 provided with movement limiter 7 (FIGS. 1, 2).

The inventive gaming device is used as follows. Before class, the gaming device must be assembled and prepared as follows (the easiest option). As shown in FIG. 1, one flexible element 5 must be drawn through the holes 4 of the rectangular panel 1, so that each end of each flexible element 5 facing the front side 2 is equipped with a movement limiter 6. Moreover, in this basic version, the movement limiters 6 can be only two different appearances with symbolic meaning, for example, it contains several ends for a toy apple, the remaining ends have a symbolic flower. At the request of users, you can select other characters. The spatial arrangement of the movement limiters 6 in the holes 4 on the panel 1 can vary, for example, one row horizontally or vertically is “apples”, the other row is “flowers”, or else, for example, the location of the movement limiters 6 in the form of apples and flowers can to be staggered or random. The ends of each flexible element 5, facing the reverse side 3, are equipped with a movement limiter 7, and all the stops 7 have an identical appearance, for example, beads of the same size and color.

The leading game panel 1 prepared in this way has the front side 2 for the players (trainees) with the task of considering these elements, remembering their spatial location for the time set by the leader, depending on the preparedness and level of development of the players. In this case, players are allowed and / or recommended to touch with their hands all the movement limits 6 (in this case, “apples” and “flowers”), at this moment the process of visual-tactile perception, visual-spatial memory, development of fine motor skills starts. Then the leader turns the panel with the reverse side 3 to the players (trainers), with the task of finding on this side 3 these or those ends of the flexible elements 5, which, in their opinion, on the front side 2 contain some kind of restriction of movement (“apples” and “ flowers ”), while pulling on the flexible element 5 or the movement limiter contained on its end 7. During the lesson, the player (trainee) should be given the opportunity to test his decision by visually viewing panel 1 from the front 2 and back 3 sides. The player thus develops and demonstrates visual-spatial memory, and the leader checks the level of its development and the level of development of fine motor skills.

Occupation of an increased level of complexity with the use of the game panel is that the number of types of movement limiters 6 located on the front side 2 of panel 1 is more than two, for example, three - “apple” - “flower” - “hedgehog” or four - “apple” "-" flower "-" hedgehog "-" hare ". Their spatial location can also be changed taking into account the level of development of visual and spatial memory of children and adults (Fig. 1).

Another complicated version of the occupation using the game panel is that the number of 4 flexible elements stretched through each hole 4 increases with the movement limits 6 contained at their ends on the front side 2, for example, 2 flexible elements are stretched through each hole 4 of the game panel 1 with the movement limiters 6 contained at their ends, and the movement limiters 6 may have the same or different appearance and symbolic meaning, for example, “apple” and “apple”, “apple” "Flower" (FIG. 2).

To vary the difficulty of the task, in accordance with the level of development of playing or practicing, you can use a panel with grouped holes in an amount of at least two in rows (Fig. 3) or use the main panel, in which instead of a group of holes objects made with holes are used less than two, with the possibility of installation in the holes of a rectangular panel (Fig. 4, 5).

The highest level of task complexity involves rotating the panel leading in various directions - in the plane of the front or back side around an axis perpendicular to these planes. In this case, the number of rotations and their direction can be combined (Fig. 6).

Thus, the game conditions can be changed - both simplify and complicate by changing the number of flexible elements, the number of types of limiters - symbols located on flexible elements, combining turns from the front to the back with simultaneous rotation of one of the sides in its own plane and combining all of the above complications. Classes can be conducted both individually and in a group.

In the inventive device, gaming and training effects provide flexible elements with movement limits on them. When considering and remembering their appearance and relative positioning, visual-visual and spatial perception and memory are activated, and during game tasks, where it is required to reproduce from memory the spatial arrangement of flexible elements on the front side of the panel with the movement limiters contained on them, development visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills. In this process, flexible elements and movement restraints contribute to the development of fine motor skills that occurs when they are touched and their tactile study of their external properties (size, shape, material, etc.).

To increase the complexity of the memorization task, at least one flexible element can be installed in the through holes without the possibility of its movement relative to the hole, and one end of each such element is fixed in the hole so that it is not noticeable to the user when viewed from the front of the panel, and its second end extends to the back side of the panel and is identical in appearance to all other flexible elements passing through this hole facing the back of the panel.

The inventive device can be made at home and used both with support and without support in the composition of game complexes for children and adults, both at home and in institutions of preschool, primary general and additional education. Manufacturing options of the claimed device, its front and back, are presented respectively in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8. The device can also be used as a means of rehabilitation for people with visual and spatial memory impairments and fine motor skills, has small overall dimensions, easy to manufacture and operate, and due to the game form, can provide interest in classes for children and adults, developing visually - spatial memory and fine motor skills.

Claims (9)

1. A gaming device for the development of visual and spatial memory of children and adults, containing a rectangular panel having a front and back sides, and configured to be flipped by the user from the front to the back to work on both sides, and the panel has through holes, relative positioning which forms horizontal and vertical rows, characterized in that at least one flexible element is stretched through each hole with the possibility of its movement relative to the opening tiya by capturing by the limb of the user, with one end of each flexible element freely extends to the front side of the panel, and the other with its end freely extends to the reverse side of the panel, while each end of each flexible element is equipped with a movement limiter having dimensions exceeding the size of the holes, limiters of movement of flexible elements on the front side of the panel should differ in their appearance and symbolic value, and limiters of movement on the reverse side panels, in contrast, should be outwardly identical. 2. A gaming device for the development of visual and spatial memory according to claim 1, characterized in that for varying the complexity of the task, in particular for complicating, in accordance with the level of development of the child or adult, the rows are represented by holes grouped in at least two. 3. A gaming device for the development of visual-spatial memory according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the function of the group of holes is performed by objects made with holes of at least two, and with the possibility of installing a rectangular panel in the holes. 4. A gaming device for the development of visual and spatial memory according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two flexible elements are stretched through one hole to increase the training and game effect. 5. A gaming device for the development of visuospatial memory according to claim 1, characterized in that various objects, for example buttons, beads, toys, etc., are used to limit the movement of flexible elements on the front side of the panel. 6. A gaming device for the development of visual and spatial memory according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel is made in any other geometric shape. 7. A gaming device for the development of visual and spatial memory according to claim 1, characterized in that for varying the difficulty of the task, in particular for complicating, in accordance with the level of development of the child or the trainer, the limiters of movement of flexible elements on the front side of the panel are made in the form of objects having a different shape and symbolic meaning in an amount from two kinds of form and symbolic meaning and more. 8. A gaming device for the development of visuospatial memory according to claim 1, characterized in that to increase the complexity of the memorization task, the panel is configured to be rotated by users in the plane of the front or back side around an axis perpendicular to these planes. 9. A gaming device for the development of visual and spatial memory according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one flexible element is installed in through holes to increase the complexity of the memorization task through the holes, with one end of each such the flexible element is fixed in the hole so that it is not noticeable to the user when viewed from the front side of the panel, and its second end goes to the back of the panel and is identical in appearance to all the others, flexible elements passing through this opening facing the back of the panel, and its movement limiter is also made identical in appearance to the movement limiters of other flexible elements from the back of the panel.

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