RU176722U1 - The simulator device for group exercises to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the relative position of the figures - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model, "A simulator device for group training in restoring spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the relative position of the figures," relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises to restore disturbed spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions. A useful model of soda INH two identical movably connected by a hinge (2) into a single block of plastic housing (1), a square box shape with rounded edges, the dimensions of each of which are between 150 mm to 150 × 250 × 250 mm; at the same time, inside each of the cases (1) on the bottom surface, a working plate (3) made of metal with magnetic properties is 0.5-1 mm thick, designed to place magnetic figures on it (8); the size of the working plate (3) corresponds to the internal size of the bottom of the case (1), and a light-colored film is glued on its front side, on the surface of which a marking (4) is applied in the form of parallel horizontal and vertical lines, the intervals between which are 10 mm, and the lines themselves, in accordance with the order of their location, are indicated by the numbers (10) printed on the film around the perimeter of each working plate (3); and to the wall of one of the housings (1) of the device, through the hinges (5), a sash (6) made of opaque plastic is movably fixed, the shape and size of which is similar to the shape and size of the internal space of the housing (1), and the thickness is 1-3 mm, with a protrusion (7) is made on one of the sides of the leaf (6), for which a recess is made in the wall of the housing (1) to which the leaf (6) is fixed. The proposed device allows for group exercises to restore the disturbed spatial memory by mutually memorizing location of figures with the possibility of forming an unlimited number of diverse tasks of varying degrees of complexity and their further quick and easy verification. The device helps to increase the efficiency of spatial memory recovery, since in the process of training, social factors of influence on the mental sphere of patients are included through the mechanisms of a small social group.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the relative position of the figures.

Of great importance for the effectiveness of restorative education are the forms of its organization used in the course of classes with patients with disorders of various mental functions.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all human capabilities and abilities, using the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow psychological Social Institute, Voronezh: Publishing house of NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of rehabilitation education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is the group form of classes, which helps to increase the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental functions, expanding and complementing individual lessons with a specialist and independent studies of patients during their stay in a neurological clinic .

Group lessons allow you to realize primarily the activity of communication and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and rehabilitation education. M; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing house of the NGO "MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to Marvin Shaw, a specialist in group dynamics, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

The use of the group form of classes helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation training when working on the restoration in patients of a neurological clinic of various types of memory, including spatial memory.

Spatial memory is one of the types of memory aimed at remembering the spatial location of objects, people, physical stimuli (National Psychological Encyclopedia, Spatial memory, found July 25, 17 on the Internet at http://vocabulary.ru/termin/prostranstvennaja-pamjat .html).

Like other types of human memory, spatial memory is impaired in various neurological diseases associated primarily with damage to the tertiary parietal-temporal-occipital departments of the cerebral cortex.

One of the effective methods of restoring impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic is the method of remembering the relative position of the figures, which consists in the fact that the patient is presented with a group of different figures, the relative position of which relative to each other, the patient must remember and reproduce in some way.

To implement this method in practical work with patients at a neurological clinic, various printing simulators are used.

This is a well-known printing simulator, which contains in the upper part of the printed sheet a group of adjacent figures of different colors that you need to remember, and then draw from memory in the frame below (Zemtsova O.N. Remember the pictures. Develop memory, Alphabet-Atticus Publishing Group) , 2016, p. 11).

The disadvantages of this printing simulator when using it for group exercises to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the relative position of the figures are:

a) the limited capabilities of this simulator when used in group classes, as it is designed for individual lessons;

b) the possibility of only one-time use of the printed materials of this simulator, since after performing graphic operations on the printed sheet there is a trace;

c) the complexity of this task for patients in a neurological clinic, so when it is performed, it is required to remember and reproduce not only the relative positions of the figures, but also the figures themselves, taking into account their color;

d) the impossibility of working with this simulator for patients of a neurological clinic with impaired fine motor skills, since drawing tasks of figures is required during the performance of the task;

d) the need for a solid horizontal surface to perform graphical operations on the printed sheet of the simulator.

A simulator is also known, in which at the top of the printed sheet is a group of four square frames, each of which contains several geometric shapes of different colors, the relative position of which you want to remember. Next, go to the next page, on which there is a second group of four similar square frames with geometric shapes, which are located somewhat differently, and some of the shapes are replaced. The practitioner needs to determine the data of the changes from memory (Zemtsova, O.N. Remember the pictures. Developing memory, Publishing Group "Alphabet-Atticus", 2016, p. 7-8).

The disadvantages of this printing simulator when using it for group exercises to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the relative position of the figures are:

a) the limited capabilities of this simulator when used in group classes, as it is designed for individual lessons;

b) the significant complexity of the task for patients in a neurological clinic, since it is necessary to remember the location of geometric shapes in four square frames at once;

c) the execution of actions with this simulator is possible only a limited number of times, since when the task is repeated, the patient remembers the differences in the relative positions of the figures;

d) the inconvenience of checking the correctness of the assignment, as the first and second groups of square frames with geometric shapes are located on different sides of the printed sheet of the simulator;

e) the presence on the printed sheet of the simulator of other images that may distract the patient during the course of the assignment.

A printing simulator is also known, containing a square frame at the top of one of the printed sheets inside which there are five geometric shapes (circle, square and three rectangles), the relative position of which must be remembered, and then find a square with a similar arrangement of geometric shapes at the bottom of the printed simulator sheet, where there are four squares with similar but differently arranged figures (Mighty A. Memory super-simulator. Book-simulator for your brain. - M.: Publishing House ACT, 2016, p. 133).

The disadvantages of this printed simulator when using it for group exercises to restore spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic by storing the relative position of the figures are:

a) the limited capabilities of this simulator when used in group classes, as it is designed for individual lessons;

b) the execution of actions with this simulator is possible only a limited number of times, since during the repeated fulfillment of tasks the patient remembers the location of the square with figures in the lower part of the printed sheet;

c) the difficulty of working with this simulator for patients with visual impairment, since the square frames with the images of the figures have a fairly small size (40 mm).

Along with the disadvantages of printing simulators listed above for the restoration of spatial memory by storing the mutual arrangement of figures, they have a number of common disadvantages:

a) insufficient amount of working materials contained in printing simulators for conducting long-term courses of restoration of spatial memory;

b) the inability to change the degree of complexity of the tasks offered to the patient;

c) low interest in classes with materials of printing simulators in a number of patients in a neurological clinic due to the monotony of working with them.

In order to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings of printing simulators, a “simulator device for group exercises to restore spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic by storing the relative position of the figures” (hereinafter referred to as the “simulator device”) was developed.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) providing the possibility of implementing a group form of rehabilitation classes, which enhances the patient’s interest in the process of restoring impaired spatial memory due to the inclusion of communication activities and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition;

b) the absence of the need for printed materials for classes, since the formation of new tasks is carried out by the patients themselves during group classes;

c) providing the possibility of changing the degree of complexity of tasks for memorizing the relative position of the figures;

d) providing the opportunity to increase the variety of tasks for memorizing the relative position of the figures;

d) ensuring the convenience of patients performing tasks to memorize the relative position of the figures;

f) ensuring the possibility of occupation for patients with impaired fine motor skills;

g) providing the ability to quickly and accurately verify the correctness of the tasks;

h) providing the possibility of conducting group classes in various conditions in the absence of a desktop;

i) increasing the interest of patients in restorative education due to the fact that classes are carried out with a simulator device, introducing an element of novelty into the process of training.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to expand the functionality of printing simulators to restore spatial memory by storing the relative position of the figures, provided by the structural elements of the proposed device, allowing for group exercises to restore disturbed spatial memory by storing the mutual position of the figures with the possibility of forming an unlimited number of new different tasks of various art degree of complexity and their further quick and easy verification.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device contains two identical movably connected by means of a hinge into a single block of a plastic box-shaped square case with rounded edges, the sizes of each of which are from 150 × 150 mm to 250 × 250 mm; at the same time, inside each of the cases, on the bottom surface, a working plate made of metal with magnetic properties is 0.5-1 mm thick, designed to place magnetic figures on it; the size of the working plate corresponds to the internal size of the bottom of the case, and a light-colored film is glued on its front side, on the surface of which there is a marking in the form of parallel horizontal and vertical lines, the intervals between which are 10 mm, and the lines themselves are indicated in accordance with the order of their arrangement numbers printed on the film around the perimeter of each plate; and the casement made of opaque plastic is movably fixed to the wall of one of the cases through hinges, the shape and size of which is similar to the shape and size of the internal space of the case, and the thickness is 1-3 mm, with a protrusion made on one side of the casement for which there is a wall the case to which the sash is fixed, a recess is made.

In a preferred embodiment, the height of each body is 15-25 mm, the wall thickness is 4-6 mm, the thickness of the bottom is 2-3 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the number of marking lines is determined locally based on the dimensions of the working plate.

In a preferred embodiment, the length of the protrusion made on the flap is 20-30 mm, and the width is 10-12 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the depth of the recess made in the wall of the housing is equal to the thickness of the sash, and the length is equal to the length of the protrusion.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, magnetic locks are mounted at the corners of the side walls of the housings.

The essence of the utility model "The simulator device for group exercises to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the relative position of the figures" is illustrated by the drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 - a General view of the "device simulator" in the open form without magnetic

figures;

in FIG. 2 - "simulator device" in an open form with magnetic figures located in each case;

in FIG. 3 - “simulator device” during a group session, when one of the buildings is closed by a sash;

in FIG. 4 - "device simulator" when folded.

The proposed "simulator device" is a block (see Fig. 1), consisting of two identical box-shaped square cases (1) made of plastic with rounded edges, movably connected by means of a swivel (2).

The dimensions of each case (1) are from 150 × 150 mm to 250 × 250 mm, height 15-25 mm, wall thickness 4-6 mm, bottom thickness 2-3 mm.

Inside each of the housings (1), on the bottom surface, a work plate (3) made of metal with magnetic properties (for example steel) made of metal with magnetic properties (for example steel) is rigidly fixed for placing magnetic figures on it (8) (see Fig. . 2).

The thickness of the working plate is 0.5-1 mm, and its size corresponds to the internal size of the bottom of the housing (1).

A light-colored film is glued on the front side of each working plate (3), on the surface of which a marking (4) is applied in dark color in the form of parallel horizontal and parallel vertical lines, the intervals between which are 10 mm, while the lines themselves are in accordance with their order locations are indicated by numbers (10) applied to the film along the perimeter of each working plate (3).

The number of marking lines (4) is determined locally, based on the dimensions of the working plate (3).

A sash (6) made of opaque plastic is movably fixed to the wall of one of the housing (1) of the device through hinges (5) (see Fig. 1-3), which performs the following functions:

a) allows you to close one of the working plates (3) with the magnetic figures (8) located on it during group exercises with the device (see Fig. 3);

b) acts as an internal partition between the cases (1), which does not allow the magnetic figures (8) to fall out of the cases (1) when carrying the device.

The shape and size of the sash (6) are similar to the shape and size of the internal space of the housing (1), and the thickness is 1-3 mm.

On the side of the sash (6) opposite the hinges (5), a protrusion (7) is made, which performs the following functions:

a) allows you to fix the leaf (6) in the internal cavity of the housing (1);

b) play the role of a “handle” for raising and lowering the sash (6) during classes with the device.

The length of the protrusion (7) is 20-30 mm, and the width is 10-12 mm.

In the wall of the housing (1), to which the sash (6) is fixed, a recess for the protrusion (7) is made, the depth of which is equal to the thickness of the sash (6), and the length is equal to the length of the protrusion (7).

To fix the cases (1) of the "simulator device" in the folded state (see, Fig. 4), magnetic locks (9) are mounted at the corners of the side walls of the cases (1).

Inside each case (1) on the surface of the working plate (3) there are magnetic figures (8) which can be used as: a) finished magnets for blackboards or refrigerators in the form of various geometric shapes of different colors, b) specially made to work with device magnetic figures.

As ready-made magnetic figures (8), for example, magnets included in the “Shapes on Magnets” set can be used (MY-SHOP.RU online store, “Shapes on Magnets” creativity set, found on 08/23/2017 on the net Internet at http://my-shop.ru/shop/products/2532216.html?b45=1_23).

The “Shapes on magnets” set includes eleven magnetic shapes of various shapes: circle, square, triangle, oval, rectangle, rhombus, trapezoid, etc. Each magnetic shape has a specific color and is presented in duplicate.

Magnetic figures specially made for working with the device (8) must be made of plastic and have the shapes of various geometric figures of different colors, on the lower surface of which there should be a layer of magnetic material that ensures the fixation of magnetic figures (8) on the surface of the working plate (3) .

The size and quantity of magnetic figures (8) made to work with the device is determined locally, based on the dimensions of the working plate (3).

Due to the use of magnetic figures (8) with fixation on the surface of the working plate (3), exercises to restore impaired memory by storing the relative positions of the figures can be carried out in any conditions without a desktop.

It is also important that the fixation of the magnetic figures (8) on the surface of the working plate (3) facilitates exercises for patients with tremor of the hands, who can accidentally move the figures not fixed on the surface of the working plate.

The "Simulator device for group exercises to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by the method of remembering the relative position of the figures" works as follows:

To teach patients how to use the “simulator device”, the specialist conducts a group session with 4-6 patients with impaired spatial memory, breaking them into groups consisting of two patients so that patients in each group have approximately the same degree of severity of spatial memory impairment.

After that, the specialist installs a “simulator device” in front of the patients of each group in an open form, placing the casement leaf (6) of the body (1) in the open position (see Fig. 2).

Further, the specialist indicates to each group of patients how many magnetic figures (8) they should use during this lesson.

In case of violation of spatial memory of a pronounced or gross degree, the minimum number of magnetic figures (8) is used in working with the device - 2-3 in each case (1).

In the event of a mild spatial memory violation, 6 or more magnetic figures can be used in the work with the device (8).

Next, the specialist appoints one of the patients in each group to form the task, and the other to complete the task.

After that, the patient forming the task must arbitrarily install his magnetic figures (8) on the working plate (3) of the body (1) of the device to which the sash (6) is fixed (see Fig. 2), after which the patient performing the task should try to remember their relative position and close the leaf (6) with the working plate (3) with memorable magnetic figures (8) (see Fig. 3).

Next, the patient performing the task should try to reproduce from memory the location of the magnetic figures (8) on the surface of another working plate (3) of the “simulator device”.

If the patient performing the task has difficulty locating a particular magnetic figure (8), he can briefly lift the sash (6) by the protrusion (7), receiving a hint.

After completing the task, the patient performing the task completely opens the sash (6) and checks the completion of the task, which can be carried out in the following ways:

1. The first verification method is used in the initial stages of classes and consists in a general assessment of the relative position of the magnetic figures (8) as a whole, without taking into account the distances between them.

2. The second verification method is used in the later stages of training and consists in a more accurate assessment of the relative position of the magnetic figures (8) by means of the marking lines (4) of the working plate (3). The marking of the marking lines (4) with numbers provides the convenience of quantifying the relative position of the magnetic figures (8) on the working plate (3).

After checking the task, the patient, forming the task, and the patient, performing the task, change roles and the whole process is repeated in the same sequence specified by the specialist the number of times.

Upon completion of work with the “simulator device”, the sash (6) is located inside the housing (1), and the bodies (1) are superimposed on each other and fixed by means of magnetic locks (9) (see Fig. 4).

After mastering the work with the “simulator device” under the guidance of a specialist, patients are given the opportunity to carry out independent classes in groups formed by the specialist.

As patients achieve positive results in the restoration of spatial memory, tasks are complicated in the following ways:

a) by increasing the number of magnetic figures (8) used to 6 or more pieces;

b) by reducing the time interval during which the patient performing the task memorizes the relative positions of the magnetic figures (8).

The effectiveness of using the developed “simulator device” during group exercises to restore spatial memory is due to the fact that during the classes social factors of influence on the mental sphere of patients are included through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition.

As the practice of using the “simulator device” during group work with patients shows, it is important that, if there is a lack of motivation for classes from one patient, he is prompted to classes by another patient.

The importance of the "simulator device" lies in the fact that its use introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into a psychological training that is fascinating and interesting for patients.

Along with the use of a “simulator device” during group exercises to restore disturbed spatial memory by storing the mutual arrangement of figures, it can be widely used in the following cases:

a) during group classes on preventive training of spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic;

b) when conducting group corrective and developmental classes with children with impaired spatial perception and memory;

c) when conducting group neurocognitive trainings with people of advanced and senile age;

d) as an exciting game for training spatial memory in healthy children and adults.

Thus, the proposed device allows for group exercises on the restoration of disturbed spatial memory by storing the relative position of the figures with the possibility of forming an unlimited number of various tasks of varying degrees of complexity and their further quick and easy verification.

The proposed device helps to increase the efficiency of spatial memory recovery, since in the process of training, social factors of influence on the mental sphere of patients are included through the mechanisms of a small social group.

Claims (5)

1. The simulator device for group exercises to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the relative position of the figures, characterized in that it contains two identical movably connected by means of a hinge into a single block of square-shaped plastic cases with rounded edges, the dimensions of each of which make up from 150 × 150 mm to 250 × 250 mm; at the same time, inside each of the cases, on the bottom surface, a working plate made of metal with magnetic properties 0.5-1 mm thick is rigidly fixed, designed to place magnetic figures on it, which are made of plastic in the form of various geometric shapes of different colors, and are fixed on the surface of the working plate using a layer of magnetic material located on their lower surface; the size of the working plate corresponds to the internal size of the bottom of the case, and a light-colored film is glued on its front side, on the surface of which there is a marking in the form of parallel horizontal and vertical lines, the intervals between which are 10 mm, and the lines themselves are indicated in accordance with the order of their arrangement numbers printed on the film around the perimeter of each plate; and the casement made of opaque plastic is movably fixed to the wall of one of the cases through hinges, the shape and size of which is similar to the shape and size of the internal space of the case, and the thickness is 1-3 mm, with a protrusion made on one side of the casement for which there is a wall the case to which the sash is fixed, a recess is made. 2. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of each body is 15-25 mm, the wall thickness is 4-6 mm, the thickness of the bottom is 2-3 mm. 3. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the protrusion made on the sash is 20-30 mm, and the width is 10-12 mm. 4. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of the recess made in the wall of the housing is equal to the thickness of the sash, and the length is equal to the length of the protrusion. 5. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that magnetic locks are mounted at the corners of the side walls of the cases.

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