RU176721U1 - The playing field for group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and intellectual activity in patients with a neurological clinic - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises to restore motor functions of the hands and intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies. A useful model contains plastic base (1) of a square shape with dimensions from 700 × 700 mm to 1000 × 1000 mm, a thickness of 6-8 mm, along the perimeter of which you olneny beads (2) and on the base surface (1) is a depiction of traditional chess field consisting of 64 alternating light and dark cells (3) square shape of 8 cells (3) in each horizontal row and vertical; at the same time, in the center of each cell (3) of the chessboard, a cylindrical protrusion (4) is made with an external thread designed to wind a metal chip cover (8) onto it; and to the flange (2) of the upper part of the base (1) two rectangular rectangular plastic blocks (5) are rigidly fixed, each of which has 16 compartments (6), on the bottom of each of which a magnetic plate is rigidly fixed. The declared “playing field” allows you to conduct classes with patients at the neurological clinic aimed at the simultaneous restoration of two processes: a) motor functions of the hands by implementing complex movements in the shoulder and elbow joints, rotational movements of the hands, as well as exciting and holding movements fingers; b) intellectual activity by solving logical problems arising in the course of gaming activities of varying degrees of complexity. At the same time, the use of the “playing field” introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into interesting and attractive training for patients.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies.

Of great importance for the effectiveness of restorative education are the forms of its organization, which are used during classes with patients with disorders of various mental and motor functions.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all human capabilities and abilities, using the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow psychological -Social Institute of Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, p. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of rehabilitation education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is the group form of classes, which helps to increase the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental and motor functions, expanding and complementing individual lessons with a specialist and independent studies of patients while they are in neurological clinic.

Group lessons allow you to realize primarily the activity of communication and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to Marvin Shaw, a specialist in group dynamics, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social Psychology.- St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

The use of the group form of classes helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation training when working on the restoration of various mental processes in patients of a neurological clinic, including intellectual activity, as well as the process of movements, including motor functions of the hands.

To restore the motor functions of the hands in patients of a neurological clinic, various simulators are used to ensure the inclusion of the hand in various movements.

So, from the prior art, a simulator is known - the ROTA Steering Wheel for rehabilitation of the shoulder and elbow joints (MedKontakt. Production and sale of medical equipment, ROTA Shoulder for the development of the shoulders, found 01.10.2017 on the Internet at http: // medkontakt .spb.ru / catalog / reabilitation / vosstanovlenie-funktsiy-verkhnikh-konechnostey / 1050 /).

Structurally, this simulator is a wheel-steering wheel with a diameter of 100 cm fixed on a metal base, the height of which can be adjusted, allowing you to adapt to various exercises and different patients. The dimensions of this device are 1000 × 640 × 1750 mm.

In the course of training with this simulator, the patient rotates the steering wheel with his hand, the degree of resistance of which to rotation can be adjusted.

The disadvantages of this simulator when it is used during group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the limited capabilities of this simulator when used in group classes, as it is designed for individual lessons;

b) work with this simulator does not allow to restore the motor functions of the hand in full, as it is aimed exclusively at restoring the movements of the shoulder and elbow joints, and does not provide restoration of the movements of the hand and fingers;

c) work with this simulator is the execution of the same type of hand movements in one plane, which leads to rapid fatigue of patients.

Also known from the existing level of technology is the "Agility Development Trainer - AGT-800", designed to develop joints of the upper limbs and the development of agility (ReaMed., Rehabilitation Equipment "Agility Development Trainer - AGT-800", found 01.10.2017 in the network Internet at: http://reamed.su/trenazhery-dlya-reabilitatsii/trenazher-razvitiya-lovkosti-agt-800).

This simulator is a box-shaped panel with nine buttons located on it, which can be illuminated from the inside in an arbitrary mode. During classes, the patient must quickly press his hand on the illuminated buttons. The electronics of the device remembers the result of each patient and each time makes him faster to press the buttons. The full dimensions of the device with a metal base are 900 × 800 × 230 mm.

The disadvantages of this simulator when it is used during group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the limited capabilities of this simulator when used in group classes, as it is designed for individual lessons;

b) work with this simulator does not allow to restore the motor functions of the hands in full, since it does not provide restoration of the movements of the hands and fingers.

Along with simulators designed to restore the work of the shoulder and elbow joints of the hand, there are known simulators aimed at restoring impaired movements of the hands and fingers.

So, from the current level of technology is known "Simulator" Screw rotation "", designed to develop twisting movements of the hands. (Renax, Rehabilitation and medical equipment, Screw Rotation Simulator, found on September 20, 2017 on the Internet at http://renaks.com/shop/group_641/item_361/).

Structurally, this simulator is a base with two racks on which a screw rod with a nut is fixed, which the patient should move from one edge of the screw rod to the other. Thus, when performing this action, the fingers ensure that the nut is held, and the hand provides rotational movements aimed at moving the nut along the screw rod. The overall dimensions of the simulator are 400 × 200 × 200 mm.

The disadvantages of this simulator when it is used during group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the limited capabilities of this simulator when used in group classes, as it is designed for individual lessons;

b) this simulator is aimed primarily at restoring the movements of the hand and fingers, and does not provide restoration of the movements of the shoulder and elbow joints of the hand;

c) the uniformity and monotony of the patient’s movements to move the nut along the helical shaft, which can lead to a decrease in interest in classes and fatigue of patients;

d) a screw-nut threaded pair made of metal has a sufficiently high coefficient of friction and therefore requires the application of forces that may be excessive for some patients with impaired movements of the wrist and fingers.

Also known from the existing level of technology is the “Multifunctional developmental wall simulator”, which is based on screwing-unscrewing corks onto the necks of plastic bottles (Polozova E.V. Developing simulators from waste material. A practical guide for educators and methodologists of preschool educational institutions. - Voronezh: PE Lakotsein S .S., 2009, pp. 26-30).

Structurally, this simulator is a wooden frame in which 121 holes are made (11 horizontally and 11 vertically), in which screw necks of plastic bottles are fastened, onto which standard plastic plugs are wound. The dimensions of the simulator are 650 × 700 mm.

Classes with this simulator, which consist of twisting and unscrewing plastic plugs, contribute to the development of fine motor skills of fingers and partially movements of the hand, as well as the formation of a number of other mental processes in children: visual-spatial perception, attention, counting operations, etc.

In contrast to the purely mechanical rotation of the nut, the process of twisting and unscrewing plastic plugs is more effective for restoring the movements of fingers and partially the wrist in patients with a neurological clinic, due to the fact that:

a) experience in performing this action is available to one degree or another in all patients, therefore this action is more strengthened and available for implementation by patients;

b) the process of winding-unscrewing traffic jams is included in the game activity, which helps to maintain interest in classes.

The disadvantages of this simulator when using it during group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic are:

a) this simulator is primarily aimed at working with children, which consists in performing simple actions that contribute to the formation of spatial concepts in children, learning counting operations and is not intended for classes with adult patients;

b) this simulator can be used to restore the movements of the fingers, and only partially to restore the movement of the hand, as well as the shoulder and elbow joints.

Also known from the current level of technology is the gaming device “Magnetic-marker board“ Chess-checkers ””, which is mounted on a vertical surface of the wall and is intended to teach the game of chess and checkers, as well as useful time for students and employees of enterprises during a break in school and work (DOMOWIK.RU, Chessboards, Demonstration Chess Drafts 100 × 100, found on 01.10.2017 on the Internet at http://domowik.ru/catalog/item/shahrnaty_nastennie_100h100).

Structurally, this device is a plastic base of 1000 × 1000 mm, on which a metal plate with the image of a chess field is fixed onto which the magnetic pieces that are included with the device, designed for playing in "Chess" and "Checkers", are installed.

Thus, the peculiarity of this device, when used during group exercises with patients at a neurological clinic, is that it allows you to simultaneously carry out: intellectual actions related to solving problems in the course of playing activity, and actions that help restore motor functions of the hands, how patients need to pick up pieces and rearrange them on various cells of a chessboard.

The disadvantages of this device when used during group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and intellectual activity in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) this device is primarily aimed at restoring intellectual activity;

b) the game process, during which the figures are moved across the chessboard, can help restore the movements of the fingers, shoulder and elbow joints, but cannot restore the movements of the wrist;

c) the inconvenience of working with this device, due to the fact that the figures used are large, and the device’s design does not provide for their compact placement after being removed from the chess field during the game.

In order to overcome the above drawbacks, a “playing field for group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and intellectual activity in patients with a neurological clinic” (hereinafter referred to as the “playing field”) was developed.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) providing the possibility of implementing a group form of rehabilitation classes, which helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation education, by including communication activities and influencing the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition;

b) actions performed by patients should be simultaneously aimed at restoring the motor functions of the hand and at restoring intellectual activity;

c) restoration of the motor functions of the hand should include work on the restoration of movements in various parts of the hand: in the shoulder joint, in the elbow joint, as well as movements of the hand and fingers;

d) restoration of arm movements in the shoulder and elbow joints should be based on the implementation of complex arm movements with different amplitudes and angles of rotation of the arm;

d) restoration of hand movements should be based on the implementation of complex rotational movements;

f) restoration of finger movements should be carried out using exciting and restraining movements in the course of the patient’s actions;

g) restoration of the motor functions of the arm should be included in an activity that is interesting and attractive to the patient;

h) the restoration of intellectual activity should be carried out in the course of interesting and attractive gaming activities for patients;

i) restoration of intellectual activity should be carried out with the possibility of changing the degree of complexity of tasks;

j) ensuring the convenience of working with the “game field” due to the rational and compact placement of game elements used in the work after they are removed from the chess field.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to expand the functionality of the gaming device "Magnetic-marker board" Chess-Checkers "”, which is provided due to the design features of the utility model, allowing conducting classes with patients at the neurological clinic aimed at the simultaneous restoration of two processes: a) motor hand functions through the implementation of complex movements in the shoulder and elbow joints, rotational movements of the hands, as well as exciting and holding finger movements; b) intellectual activity by solving logical problems arising in the course of gaming activities of varying degrees of complexity.

This technical result is ensured due to the fact that the “playing field” contains a square-shaped base made of plastic with dimensions from 700 × 700 mm to 1000 × 1000 mm, a thickness of 6-8 mm, along the perimeter of which are made collars, and an image is applied to the surface of the base traditional chess field, consisting of 64 alternating dark and light square cells, 8 cells in each vertical and horizontal row; at the same time, a cylindrical protrusion with an external thread is made in the center of each cell of the chessboard for screwing a metal cap on it, and two rectangular rectangular blocks are rigidly fixed to the shoulder of the upper part of the base, each of which has 16 compartments, on the bottom each of which is rigidly fixed to a magnetic plate.

In a preferred embodiment, the "playing field" made along the perimeter of the base of the collars have a height of 4-7 mm and a width of 8-12 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the “playing field”, the height of each cylindrical protrusion is 10-16 mm, and its diameter and thread are made similar to the neck of a glass jar designed to wind a standard metal cover.

In a preferred embodiment of the “playing field”, the cylindrical protrusions can be made for one of the following diameters of standard metal covers: 82 mm, 89 mm or 100 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the “playing field”, the height of each block is 30-50 mm, and the width and length are determined locally, based on the overall dimensions of the base and the size of the chip caps used.

In a preferred embodiment of the “playing field”, the depth of each compartment is determined based on the height of the block, and the width is determined based on the height of the chip caps used.

In a preferred embodiment of the “playing field”, 3 brackets made of metal are rigidly fixed to the back surface of the upper part of the base.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 - “playing field” without chip covers;

In FIG. 2 - "playing field" with lids-chips installed for playing "Checkers";

In FIG. 3 - "playing field" with lids-chips installed for playing in the "Corners";

In FIG. 4 - "playing field" with lids-chips installed for playing in "Chess".

Structurally, the claimed “playing field” (see FIG. 1) is a square-shaped base (1) made of plastic with dimensions from 700 × 700 mm to 1000 × 1000 mm, a thickness of 6-8 mm, along the perimeter of which there are made collars (2) 4-7 mm high, 8-12 mm wide providing the rigidity of the base (1).

The selected dimensions of the base (1) of the “playing field” provide the ability to develop movements in the shoulder and elbow joints.

The front side of the base (1) of the “playing field” is made in light color, and an image of a traditional chess field consisting of 64 (sixty four) alternating dark and light square square cells (3) is applied (for example, with dark paint). 8 (eight) cells (3) in each vertical and horizontal row. On the sides of the chess field, near each square there are numbers and Latin letters, similar to the location of numbers and Latin letters on a traditional chess field.

In the center of each cell (3) of the chessboard there is a cylindrical protrusion (4) with an external thread designed to wind a metal chip cover (8) onto it. Thus, 64 (sixty-four) cylindrical protrusions (4) are contained on the surface of the “playing field”.

The height of each cylindrical protrusion (4) is 10-16 mm, and its diameter and thread are made similar to the neck of a glass jar designed to wind a standard metal cover. The cylindrical protrusions (4) can be made for one of the following diameters of standard metal covers: 82 mm, 89 mm or 100 mm (see references below).

To increase the range of movements of the wrist when screwing the chip caps (8) onto the cylindrical protrusions (4), the angle of inclination of the screw thread on the cylindrical protrusions (4) may be slightly smaller than the standard angle of inclination of the screw line on the neck of glass jars.

Two rectangular-shaped plastic blocks (5) are rigidly fixed to the flange (2) of the upper part of the base (1), each of which has 16 (sixteen) compartments (6) designed to accommodate chip covers (8) after them removal from the chess field. On the bottom of each of the compartments (6), a magnetic plate is rigidly fixed, which ensures fixation of the chip cover (8) when it is installed in the compartment (6).

The height of each block (5) is 30-50 mm, and the width and length are determined locally, based on the total dimensions of the base (1) of the “playing field” and the sizes of the chip caps used in working with it (8).

The depth of each compartment (6) is determined based on the height of the block (5), and the width based on the height of the chip covers (8) used in working with the “game field”.

As chip caps (8) (see Fig. 2-4), standard metal covers are used in the work with the “playing field” for screwing glass jars onto the necks.

When working with the “playing field” as chip caps (8) can be used:

a) lids with a diameter of 82 mm (Glass containers, Twist-off lids with a diameter of 82, found on 10/01/2017 on the Internet at http: //steklobanka- kryshka.pf/magazin-2/product/kryshki-tvist-off-diametr -82);

b) caps with a diameter of 89 mm (Glass containers, Twist-off caps with a diameter of 89, found on 10/01/2017 on the Internet at http://steklobanka-kryshka.rf/magazin-2/product/kryshka-tvist-off-diametr -89);

c) lids with a diameter of 100 mm (Glass containers, Twist-off lids with a diameter of 100 monocots, found on 10/01/2017 on the Internet at http: //steklobanka-kryshka.pf/magazin-2/product/kryshka-tvist-off- diametr-100-monocvet);

The chip caps used in the work with the “playing field” (8) (see Figs. 3-4) may differ in color (for example, white and black) and symbols printed on their top (for example, images of chess pieces) depending on the game in which they will be used.

So, for the traditional game “Checkers” (see Fig. 2), chip caps (8) are used in two colors - white and black, the total number of which is 24 (twenty four) pieces, while several caps are also included in the game kit -chips (8) in black and white color designating “ladies”, which differ in that the letter “D” or some other symbol is applied to the top of each of them.

Along with the traditional game “Checkers”, the “playing field” can be used for other board games based on the use of a 64-cell chess field.

So, for example, the “playing field” can be used to play “Corners” (see Fig. 3), which is a simpler game than the game “Checkers” and can be used with patients who have a more pronounced violation of intellectual activity (LETIDOR , Psychology, We play corners, found on 01.10.2017 on the Internet at https://letidor.ru/psihologiya/a456-igraem-v-ugolki-8879.shtml).

Also, the “playing field” can be used to play “Chess,” which is more complicated than the game “Checkers” and can be used during classes with patients who have a milder intellectual impairment, who before the disease had a certain skill in playing "Chess". In this case, a set of chip caps (8) of white and black color is used, on the upper parts of which are depicted images of chess pieces (see Fig. 4).

For fixing the “playing field” on a vertical surface to the back surface of the upper part of the base (1) 3 (three) brackets made of metal (7) are rigidly fixed.

Work with the "Game field for group lessons on restoring the motor functions of the hands and intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic" is carried out as follows:

Before conducting group exercises using the “playing field”, the specialist forms groups of two patients with approximately the same degree of severity of impaired motor functions of the hands, and, if possible, intellectual activity.

Each patient should perform all actions with chip caps (8) with a hand with impaired motor functions, helping with a healthy hand if necessary.

When using this or that game, carried out on the “playing field”, in working with each patient, the following conditions are desirable:

a) the presence of a certain skill of this game, which was formed in the patient before the occurrence of a neurological disease;

b) the game used should cause a certain interest in the patient.

At the same time, the level of complexity of the game used must correspond to the capabilities of the patient with impaired intellectual activity.

Before starting a group lesson, patients establish a “playing field” on the surface of the desktop or some other horizontal surface and, depending on the game specified by the specialist, wind cap-chips (8) (restoration of motor functions of the hands) on cylindrical protrusions (4) located in cells (3) of light and dark color in accordance with the rules of the game used.

So, for example, if patients play traditional "Checkers", then one patient wraps 12 (twelve) chip caps (8) in white, and the other - the same number of chip caps (8) in black, into three rows of cylindrical protrusions (4) located on the cells (3) of a dark color on their side (see Fig. 2).

If patients will play the “Corners”, then similar caps-chips (8) of two colors are used, which each patient wraps on cylindrical protrusions (4) located on the corner cells (3) on the right side of each patient (see Fig. 3 )

Further, in the process of the game, each patient first thinks out the move he makes (restoration of intellectual activity), after which he makes this move by unscrewing the chip cover (8) from the cylindrical protrusion (4) of one cell (3) and then twisting it onto the cylindrical protrusion (4) another cell (3) (restoration of motor functions of the hands).

When playing a game of “Checkers” or “Chess”, after making a move, the chips (8) of another player are removed from the chess field by unscrewing them from the cylindrical protrusions (4) of the chess field and then installing them in the compartments (6) of the blocks ( 5) located on one of the sides of the “playing field”, where they are firmly fixed due to magnetic plates fixed on the bottoms of each of the compartments (6).

Thus, classes with the "playing field" contribute to the restoration of motor functions of the hands due to the fact that:

a) the restoration of hand movements in the shoulder and elbow joints is carried out through the implementation of complex hand movements that ensure the movement of the chip cover (8) along the “playing field” with sizes from 700 × 700 mm to 1000 × 1000 mm;

b) the restoration of the movements of the hand is carried out through the implementation of complex rotational movements, which ensure the winding and unscrewing of the caps-chips (8) on the cylindrical protrusions (4);

c) the restoration of the movements of the fingers is carried out through the implementation of exciting and restraining movements that ensure the performance of various actions with lid-chips (8).

At the same time, the restoration of the motor functions of the hand is included in an interesting and attractive game activity for patients, which contributes to maintaining additional interest in ongoing rehabilitation classes.

Along with conducting classes at the table, a “playing field” with sets of appropriate chip caps (8) can be mounted in an upright position using brackets (7) on the walls of chambers or corridors of the neurological department, allowing patients to carry out additional classes in their free time from medical procedures.

The effectiveness of using the “playing field” during group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic is connected with the fact that the social process of influencing the mental sphere of patients through the mechanisms of a small social group is included in the training process: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation competition. In addition, it is important that, in the case of a lack of motivation for classes in one patient, he is prompted to classes by another patient.

Thus, the claimed “playing field” allows classes with the patients of a neurological clinic aimed at the simultaneous restoration of two processes: a) motor functions of the hands by implementing complex movements in the shoulder and elbow joints, rotational movements of the hands, as well as exciting and holding finger movements hands; b) intellectual activity by solving logical problems arising in the course of gaming activities of varying degrees of complexity. At the same time, the use of the “playing field” introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into interesting and attractive training for patients.

Claims (7)

1. The playing field for group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and intellectual activity in patients with a neurological clinic, characterized in that it contains a square base made of plastic with sizes from 700 × 700 mm to 1000 × 1000 mm, 6-8 mm thick, each the perimeter of which is made of beads, and on the surface of the base there is an image of a traditional chess field consisting of 64 alternating dark and light square cells, 8 cells in each vertical and horizontal row; at the same time, a cylindrical protrusion with an external thread is made in the center of each cell of the chessboard for screwing a metal cap on it, and two rectangular rectangular blocks are rigidly fixed to the shoulder of the upper part of the base, each of which has 16 compartments, on the bottom each of which is rigidly fixed to a magnetic plate. 2. The playing field according to claim 1, characterized in that the beads made around the perimeter of the base have a height of 4-7 mm and a width of 8-12 mm. 3. The playing field according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of each cylindrical protrusion is 10-16 mm, and its diameter and thread are made similar to the neck of a glass jar designed to wind a standard metal cover. 4. The playing field according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical protrusions can be made under one of the following diameters of standard metal covers: 82 mm, 89 mm or 100 mm. 5. The playing field according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of each block is 30-50 mm, and the width and length are determined locally, based on the overall dimensions of the base and the dimensions of the chip caps used. 6. The playing field according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of each compartment is determined based on the height of the block, and the width is determined based on the height of the used chip covers. 7. The playing field according to claim 1, characterized in that 3 brackets made of metal are rigidly fixed to the back surface of the upper part of the base.

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