RU192207U1 - Square trainer for group classes on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by storing images in square cells - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model “Square simulator for group exercises on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory using the method of storing images in square cells” refers to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics during group classes for restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic lesions of the tin brain of various etiologies. The useful model contains a square base (1) made of plastic, with a hollow handle (2) made in the center of one of the side faces, and on the front and back sides of the base (1), along the perimeter and directly on the base surfaces (1), horizontal and vertical protrusions (3) of the same height are made, which form on the surface of the base (1) the square-shaped cells of the same shape-indentation (4) of the same size and in the form of horizontal and vertical rows with identical vym number-cell depressions (4) in each row; the number of recess cells (4) is the same on each side of the base (1), and the mark (5) is applied to the front side of the base (1). Thus, the “square simulator” makes it possible to carry out group classes on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of tremor of hands, without the use of additional elements in the form of work cards. The announced “square simulator” introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into interesting and attractive psychological training for patients.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics during classes on the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic.

Of great importance for the effectiveness of rehabilitation education are the forms of its organization, which are used during classes with patients at a neurological clinic who have disorders of various mental functions.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all human capabilities and abilities, using the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow psychological -Social Institute of Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, p. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of rehabilitation education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is the group form of classes, which helps to increase the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental functions, expanding and complementing individual lessons with a specialist and independent studies of patients during their stay in a neurological clinic .

Group lessons allow you to realize primarily the activity of communication and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to Marvin Shaw, a specialist in group dynamics, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997, chapter 9).

The use of the group form of classes helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation training when working on the restoration of various types of memory in patients with a neurological clinic, including visuospatial memory.

Like other types of human memory, visual-spatial memory is impaired in organic brain lesions caused by various neurological diseases.

Currently, various devices and simulators are used for classes to restore impaired visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic.

So from the existing level of technology it is known "Device simulator for the formation of tasks during classes to restore visual and spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic" (Patent RU 169473 U1, published 03/21/2017).

Structurally, this device consists of a plastic casing, the inner space of which is divided into cells in each of which four LEDs of different colors are located, and in the upper part of the casing there is a working plate under which there is an internal cavity into which work cards containing various images are placed (geometric figures , multidirectional arrows) made in white on a dark background. Images hidden from the patient become visible on the working plate after they are randomly illuminated by LEDs of different colors. The patient needs to remember the location and color of each geometric figure, and after turning off the LEDs, mark them with a marker on the surface of the working plate from memory.

The disadvantages of this device when it is used during group classes on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by the method of storing images in square cells are:

a) this device is not intended for use during group lessons to restore visual-spatial memory;

b) the need to use additional elements in the form of work cards containing tasks for memorization;

c) the structural complexity of this device, which includes various electronic components: LEDs, switches, battery, etc.

Also, from the existing level of technology, the device “Trainer for classes to restore intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic” is known (Patent RU 186679 U1, published on January 29, 2019).

Structurally, this device consists of a plastic plate-shaped body, in the bottom of which are made square cells-recesses designed to fit various images into them.

 During classes with this device, work cards with similar square cells containing various images (symbols, geometric shapes, multidirectional arrows) that the patient must remember and reproduce from memory with a water marker in square recesses are used.

 The disadvantages of this device when it is used during group classes on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by the method of storing images in square cells are:

a) this device is not intended for use during group lessons to restore visual-spatial memory;

b) the need to use additional elements in the form of work cards containing tasks for memorization.

In order to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings, a “Square simulator for group exercises on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by the method of storing images in square cells” was developed (hereinafter referred to as the “square simulator”).

 The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) providing the possibility of conducting group exercises to restore visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing images in square cells;

b) providing the possibility of conducting group exercises aimed at the preventive training of visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic in whom memory impairment is manifested to a small extent at a given time;

c) the absence of the need to use additional elements in the form of work cards due to the fact that the formation of tasks is carried out directly by the patients themselves;

d) providing the possibility of conducting classes for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor due to the fact that square cells are made in the form of recesses that do not allow the writing instrument to go beyond them;

d) the simplicity of the design of the “simulator-square”, contributing to its widespread adoption in clinical practice.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the expansion of the functionality of the "Simulator for classes on the restoration of intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic", provided by the structural elements of the claimed "simulator-square", allowing for group exercises on restoration and preventive training of visual and spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with malabsorption th motility and the presence of hand tremor, without the use of additional elements in the form of job cards.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the "simulator-square" contains a square base made of plastic, in the center of one of the side faces of which a hollow handle is made, and on the front and back sides of the base, along the perimeter and directly on the surface of the base, are made horizontal and vertical protrusions of the same height, which form square-shaped recesses of the same size and location on the surfaces of the base in the form of horizontal and vertical poisons with the same number of recesses, the cells in each row; the number of recess cells on each side of the base is the same, and a mark is applied to the front side of the base.

In the preferred embodiment of the "simulator-square" the number of cells-recesses on each side of the base can be: 9 pieces, 16 pieces, 25 pieces or 36 pieces.

In a preferred embodiment of the “square simulator”, the recess cells are highlighted in a color different from the base color.

In a preferred embodiment of the “simulator-square”, the label can be made in the form of a circle.

The essence of the utility model "Square simulator for group exercises on restoration and preventive training of visual and spatial memory by storing images in square cells" is illustrated by the drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 - general view of the "simulator-square";

In FIG. 2 - view of the "simulator-square" from the side of the handle.

The inventive "simulator-square" is (see Fig. 1, 2) made of plastic base (1) of square shape, in the center of one of the side faces of which a hollow handle (2) is made, and on the front and back sides of the base (1 ) protrusions (3) are made, forming cell recesses (4), which are designed to fit various images in them in the form of symbols (letters, numbers), geometric shapes, multidirectional arrows using an easily erasable water marker.

The dimensions of this particular “simulator-square” indicated below are not signs narrowing the scope of legal protection, since they can change in the process of its creation.

The size of the side of the base (1) of the “square simulator” is 100-150 mm, and its thickness is 4-8 mm.

The handle (2) has a conical shape 80-100 mm long, with a diameter at the end of 20-25 mm and a wall thickness of 2-3 mm.

On the front and back sides of the base (1), horizontal and vertical projections (3) are made, which form on the surface of the base (1) square-shaped cells of the same size and location as recesses (4), in the form of horizontal and vertical rows with the same number of cells - recesses (4) in each row (see Fig. 1).

The protrusions (3) are located around the perimeter of the front and back sides of the base (1), as well as directly on the surface of each side of the base (1) and have the same height equal to 1-2 mm.

The width of the protrusions (3) located along the perimeter of each of the sides of the base (1) is the same and is 4-6 mm, and the width of the protrusions (3) located directly on the surface of each side of the base (1) is the same, and 2-3 mm less the width of the protrusions (3) located around the perimeter.

Thus, the protrusions (3), forming on the surfaces of the base (1) of the cell-recesses (4), ensure the implementation of the following functions:

a) serve as the boundaries of the cells-recesses (4) and facilitate the process of fitting various images into the cell-recesses (4) for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of tremor of the hands;

b) give additional rigidity to the base (1) of the “simulator-square”.

Moreover, the small height of the protrusions (3) does not prevent the removal of images inscribed with a water marker in the cell-recesses (4), using a sponge designed to erase water markers.

The number of recess cells (4) on each side of the base (1) is the same and can be: 9 pieces (3 rows of 3 recess cells in a row), 16 pieces (4 rows of 4 recess cells in a row), 25 pieces (5 rows of 5 recesses cells in a row) or 36 pieces (6 rows of 6 recesses cells in a row).

For the convenience of practicing patients with a “square simulator”, a mark (5) is applied (for example, with paint) to the front side of the base (1), which can be made, for example, in the form of a circle.

For better perception by patients of the cells-recesses (4), they are highlighted in a color (for example, by means of paint) that differs from the color of the base (1) of the “square simulator”.

Work with the "Square Trainer for group classes on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by the method of storing images in square cells" is as follows.

Before starting classes, the specialist forms a group of two patients with approximately the same degree of visual and spatial memory impairment.

In this case, one of the patients in the group is appointed by the specialist forming the task, and the other patient is performing the task.

Further, the patient, forming the task, holding the “simulator-square” by the handle (2), writes with an water marker into the cell-recesses (4) of the front side of the base (1) of the image in the form of symbols (letters, numbers), geometric shapes, multidirectional arrows , the total number and type of which is set by the specialist.

 After that, the “simulator-square” is transferred to the patient performing the task, who, during the time interval specified by the specialist (from 20 seconds or more), remembers the images written in the cell-recesses (4) of the front side of the base (1) and their spatial location.

Then, the patient performing the task turns the “simulator-square” face down (1) down, after which he tries to reproduce from memory the images he remembered by writing in their cell-recesses (4) on the back of the base (1).

In case of difficulties, the patient performing the task can briefly turn the “simulator-square” face up and see the images inscribed in the cell-recesses (4).

After completing the assignment, the correctness of its implementation is checked by turning the "simulator-square" and comparing the images inscribed in the cell-recesses of the front and back sides of the base (1).

If necessary, during the inspection, the turns of the “simulator-square” can be performed several times.

Further, all images inscribed in the cell-recesses (4) are deleted with a sponge to erase the water markers, the patient forming the task, and the patient performing the task change roles and the entire sequence of actions is repeated a number of times specified by the specialist.

Along with the method described above, group exercises can be carried out by another method, based on the simultaneous use of two “square simulators”.

In this case, each patient holding the “simulator-square” by the handle (2), inscribes the image marker into the cell-recesses (4) of the front side of the base (1), after which both patients, for a period specified by a specialist (from 20 and more than seconds) remember images inscribed with each other.

Further, each of the patients tries to reproduce the memorized from the image, from memory, writing them with a marker into the cell-recesses (4) of the back side of the base (1) of the used “square simulator”.

 Verification of the correctness of the tasks is carried out by comparing the images on the front side of the "simulator-square" of one patient and the reverse side of the "simulator-square" of another patient.

After mastering the work with the “simulator-square” under the guidance of a specialist, patients get the opportunity to conduct independent group exercises with him.

As patients achieve positive results in the restoration of visual and spatial memory, tasks are complicated by:

a) increasing the number of images that fit into the cell-recesses (4) of the front side of the base (1);

b) reducing the time during which images are stored in recess cells (4).

Along with classes on the restoration of visual-spatial memory, the “simulator-square” can be effectively used for preventive training of visual-spatial memory, the main difference of which is an increase in the number of stored images and a decrease in the time interval for their storage.

In addition, the "simulator-square" can be used in several other cases:

a) when conducting correctional and developing classes with children with impaired formation of visual-spatial memory;

 b) when conducting neurocognitive trainings with people of advanced and senile age;

c) as a developmental game aimed at developing and training visual-spatial memory in healthy children;

d) as a memory simulator for healthy adults who want to improve visual-spatial memory.

Thus, the “Square simulator for group training in the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by storing images in square cells” due to its structural elements provides the possibility of group training in the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients with neurological clinics, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of tremor of the hands, without the use of additional elements Comrade in the form of work cards.

The claimed “square simulator” introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into interesting and attractive psychological training for patients.

Claims (4)

1. A square simulator for group training in the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by storing images in square cells, characterized in that it contains a square base made of plastic, in the center of one of the side faces of which a hollow handle is made, and on the front and on the reverse sides of the base, along the perimeter and directly on the base surfaces, horizontal and vertical protrusions of the same height are made, which form on the surface Rep base of the same size and arrangement of the cell-square shaped recess in the form of horizontal and vertical rows with the same number of recesses, the cells in each row; the number of recess cells on each side of the base is the same, and a mark is applied to the front side of the base. 2. The square simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of recess cells on each side of the base can be: 9 pieces, 16 pieces, 25 pieces or 36 pieces. 3. The square simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cell-recesses are highlighted in a color different from the color of the base. 4. The square simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the mark can be made in the form of a circle.

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