RU176521U1 - The playing field for group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and visuospatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies. A useful model contains a plastic base (1) of a square shape with rounded edges with sizes from 700 × 700 mm to 1000 × 1000 mm, 6-8 m thick m, along the perimeter of which flanges (2) are made, and on the surface of the base (1) there are cylindrical protrusions (3) with external thread, designed to accommodate metal caps-chips (6), on the inner sides of which various images are applied (7 ), each of which is repeated on two chip covers (6), while the height of each cylindrical protrusion (3) is 10-16 mm, and its diameter and thread are made similar to the neck of a glass jar designed to wind a standard metal cover, which is used enjoy thi s-chips as the lid (6); at the same time, a magnetic plate (4) is fixed in the center of each cylindrical protrusion (3), and metal brackets (5) are rigidly fixed to fasten the “playing field” on a vertical surface to one of the sides of the base (1). The inventive “playing field” allows with patients of a neurological clinic, classes aimed at the simultaneous restoration of several processes: a) motor functions of the hands by implementing complex movements in the shoulder and elbow joints, rotational movements of the hands, as well as exciting and hold finger movements; b) visual-spatial memory through interesting and attractive game activities for patients. The use of the “playing field” introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into interesting and attractive training for patients.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics during group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and visuo-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies.

Of great importance for the effectiveness of restorative education are the forms of its organization, which are used during classes with patients with disorders of various mental and motor functions.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all human capabilities and abilities, using the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow psychological -Social Institute of Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, p. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of rehabilitation education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is the group form of classes, which helps to increase the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental and motor functions, expanding and complementing individual lessons with a specialist and independent studies of patients in the course of finding them. in a neurological clinic.

Group lessons allow you to realize primarily the activity of communication and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to Marvin Shaw, a specialist in group dynamics, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

The use of the group form of classes helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation training when working on the restoration of various mental processes in patients with a neurological clinic, including visual-spatial memory, as well as the process of movements, including motor functions of the hands.

To restore the motor functions of the hands in patients of a neurological clinic, various simulators are used to ensure the inclusion of the hand in various movements.

So, from the prior art, a simulator is known - the ROTA Steering Wheel for rehabilitation of the shoulder and elbow joints (MedKontakt. Production and sale of medical equipment, ROTA Shoulder for the development of the shoulders, was found November 6, 2017 on the Internet at http: // medkontakt .spb.ru / catalog / physiotherapy / physiomed / combyter / 1050 /).

Structurally, this simulator is a wheel-steering wheel with a diameter of 1000 mm fixed on a metal base, the height of which can be adjusted, allowing you to adapt to various exercises and different patients. The dimensions of this device are 1000 × 640 × 1750 mm.

In the course of training with this simulator, the patient rotates the steering wheel with his hand, the degree of resistance of which to rotation can be adjusted.

The disadvantages of this simulator when it is used during group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the limited capabilities of this simulator when used in group classes, as it is designed for individual lessons;

b) work with this simulator does not allow to restore the motor functions of the hand in full, as it is aimed exclusively at restoring the movements of the shoulder and elbow joints, and does not provide restoration of the movements of the hand and fingers;

c) work with this simulator is the execution of the same type of hand movements in one plane, which leads to rapid fatigue of patients.

Also known from the current level of technology is the "Agility Development Trainer - AGT-800", designed to develop joints of the upper extremities and the development of agility (ReaMed., Rehabilitation Equipment "Agility Development Trainer - AGT-800", found on 05.11.2017 in the network Internet at: http://reamed.su/trenazhery-dlya-reabilitatsii/trenazher-razvitiya-lovkosti-agt-800).

This simulator is a box-shaped panel with nine buttons located on it, which can be illuminated from the inside in an arbitrary mode. During classes, the patient must quickly press his hand on the illuminated buttons. The electronics of the device remembers the result of each patient and each time makes him faster to press the buttons. The full dimensions of the device with a metal base are 900 × 800 × 230 mm.

The disadvantages of this simulator when it is used during group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the limited capabilities of this simulator when used in group classes, as it is designed for individual lessons;

b) work with this simulator does not allow to restore the motor functions of the hands in full, since it does not provide restoration of the movements of the hands and fingers.

Along with simulators designed to restore the work of the shoulder and elbow joints of the hand, there are known simulators aimed at restoring impaired movements of the hands and fingers.

So, from the current level of technology is known "Simulator" Screw rotation "", designed to develop twisting movements of the hands. (Renax, Rehabilitation and medical equipment, Screw Rotation Simulator, found on November 5, 2017 on the Internet at http://renaks.com/shop/group_641/item_361/)

Structurally, this simulator is a base with two racks on which a screw rod with a nut is fixed, which the patient should move from one edge of the screw rod to the other. Thus, when performing this action, the fingers ensure that the nut is held, and the hand provides rotational movements aimed at moving the nut along the screw rod. The overall dimensions of the simulator are 400 × 200 × 200 mm.

The disadvantages of this simulator when it is used during group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the limited capabilities of this simulator when used in group classes, as it is designed for individual lessons;

b) this simulator is aimed primarily at restoring the movements of the hand and fingers, and does not provide restoration of the movements of the shoulder and elbow joints of the hand;

c) the uniformity and monotony of the patient’s movements to move the nut along the helical shaft, which can lead to a decrease in interest in classes and fatigue of patients;

d) a screw-nut threaded pair made of metal has a sufficiently high coefficient of friction and therefore requires the application of forces that may be excessive for some patients with impaired movements of the wrist and fingers.

Also known from the existing level of technology is the “Multifunctional developmental wall simulator”, which is based on screwing-unscrewing corks onto the necks of plastic bottles (Polozova E.V. Developing simulators from waste material. A practical guide for educators and methodologists of preschool educational institutions. - Voronezh: PE Lakotsein S .S., 2009, pp. 26-30).

Structurally, this simulator is a wooden frame in which 121 holes are made (11 horizontally and 11 vertically), in which screw necks of plastic bottles are fastened, onto which standard plastic plugs are wound. The dimensions of the simulator are 650 × 700 mm.

Classes with this simulator, which consist of twisting and unscrewing plastic plugs, contribute to the development of fine motor skills of fingers and partially movements of the hand, as well as the formation of a number of other mental processes in children: visual-spatial perception, attention, counting operations, etc.

In contrast to the purely mechanical rotation of the nut, the process of twisting and unscrewing plastic plugs is more effective for restoring the movements of fingers and partially the wrist in patients with a neurological clinic, due to the fact that:

a) experience in performing this action is available to one degree or another in all patients, therefore this action is more strengthened and available for implementation by patients;

b) the process of winding-unscrewing traffic jams is included in the game activity, which helps to maintain interest in classes.

The disadvantages of this simulator when using it during group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) this simulator is primarily aimed at working with children, which consists in performing simple actions that contribute to the formation of spatial concepts in children, learning counting operations and is not intended for classes with adult patients;

b) this simulator can be used to restore the movements of the fingers, and only partially to restore the movement of the hand, as well as the shoulder and elbow joints.

Also known from the existing level of technology is “A device for working with paired cards during classes on restoration and preventive training of memory in patients of a neurological clinic” (Patent RU 155859 U1, published on October 20, 2015).

This device is intended for conducting classes on the restoration of visual and spatial memory using the “paired card method”, which consists in the following: “The patient is shown a set of paired cards with various images (animals, fruits, household items). All cards are shuffled and stacked face down on the table in front of the patient. The patient opens two cards in a row, names the objects depicted on them and, if the images match, puts this pair of cards aside. If the images do not match, the cards are returned to their place face down. Then the patient reopens two cards in front of him and compares them. The exercise ends when all the cards are set aside. ” (Grigoryeva V.N., Kovyazina M.S., Tkhostov A.Sh. - Cognitive neurorehabilitation of patients with focal brain lesions. M., 2006., p. 95).

Structurally, “A device for working with paired cards during classes on restoration and preventive training of memory in patients of a neurological clinic” is a base stand for placing cards with images, in which under each card there is an LED backlight that provides the ability after pressing a button next to it with each switch card, see the image on the card without turning it over. Moreover, each card is located in a small recess with beveled edges, which allows the patient to easily pick up the card in his hands due to its movement in the horizontal plane, as a result of which one side rises, for which it is easily taken by hand.

Thus, the peculiarity of this device, when used for group exercises with patients of a neurological clinic, is that it allows you to simultaneously carry out: actions aimed at restoring visual-spatial memory in the course of game activity, and actions that contribute to the restoration of motor functions to a certain extent hands, as patients have to perform certain actions with cards with their hands.

The disadvantages of this device when it is used during group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) this device is mainly aimed at restoring visual spatial memory;

b) the actions performed by the patient with the cards are simple and therefore contribute little to the restoration of the movements of the hand and fingers;

c) the actions performed by the patient with the cards are insignificant in the range of arm movements and therefore contribute little to the restoration of the movements of the shoulder and elbow joints;

g) the design features of the device allow it to be used only in the presence of a horizontal surface;

d) the structural complexity of this device, which includes electronic elements.

In order to overcome the above drawbacks, a “playing field for group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic” (hereinafter referred to as the “playing field”) was developed.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) providing the possibility of implementing a group form of rehabilitation classes, which contributes to increasing the effectiveness of rehabilitation education, due to the impact on the patient's personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition;

b) the actions performed by patients should be simultaneously aimed at restoring the motor functions of the hand and at restoring visual-spatial memory;

c) restoration of motor functions of the hand should include work on restoration of movements in various parts of the hand: in the shoulder joint, in the elbow joint, as well as movements of the hand and fingers;

d) restoration of arm movements in the shoulder and elbow joints should be based on the implementation of complex arm movements with different amplitudes and angles of rotation of the arm;

d) restoration of hand movements should be based on the implementation of complex rotational movements;

f) restoration of finger movements should be carried out using exciting and restraining movements in the course of the patient’s actions;

g) providing the ability to work with a device located both in horizontal and vertical position, allowing for the movement of the patient’s hand in both horizontal and vertical plane;

h) restoration of motor functions of the hand and visual-spatial memory should be included in an interesting and attractive game activity for the patient;

i) ensuring the convenience of occupation of patients with a “playing field”.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the expansion of the functionality of “Devices for working with paired cards during classes on restoration and preventive training of memory in patients of a neurological clinic”, which is provided by the structural elements of the utility model, which allow conducting group exercises with patients of a neurological clinic aimed at simultaneous restoration of several processes: a) motor functions of the hands through the implementation of complex movements in the shoulder and oktevom joints, rotational movements of the hands, as well as exciting and restraining movement of the fingers; b) visual-spatial memory through an interesting and attractive game activity for patients.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the “playing field” contains a square base made of plastic with rounded edges with sizes from 700 × 700 mm to 1000 × 1000 mm, a thickness of 6-8 mm, along the perimeter of which are made collars, and on the surface the bases are made of cylindrical protrusions with an external thread, designed to accommodate metal chip covers on them, on the inner sides of which are marked various images, each of which is repeated on two chip covers, with the height of each cylinder ndricheskogo protrusion is 10-16 mm, and its diameter and thread made similar glass jar neck, designed to wrap the standard metal cap, which is used as a cover-chips; at the same time, a magnetic plate is fixed in the center of each cylindrical protrusion, and metal brackets are rigidly fixed to fix the “playing field” on a vertical surface to one of the sides of the base.

In a preferred embodiment, the "playing field" made along the perimeter of the base of the collars have a height of 4-7 mm and a width of 8-15 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the “playing field”, the number of cylindrical protrusions made on the base surface is from 16 to 64 pieces.

In a preferred embodiment of the “playing field”, the cylindrical protrusions can be made for one of the diameters of standard metal covers: 82 mm, 89 mm, 100 mm or 110 mm.

The essence of the utility model "The playing field for group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic" is illustrated by the drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 is a general view of a “playing field” without chip covers;

In FIG. 2 is a view of a “playing field” with chip caps located upside down;

In FIG. 3 is a view of a “playing field” with chip caps located upside down;

In FIG. 4 - view of the "playing field" in the classroom.

The inventive "playing field" (see Fig. 1) is a plastic base (1) of a square shape with rounded edges with sizes from 700 × 700 mm to 1000 × 1000 mm, a thickness of 6-8 mm, along the perimeter of which are made collars ( 2) with a height of 4-7 mm, a width of 8-15 mm, providing additional rigidity to the base (1).

The dimensions of the base (1) of the “playing field” provide the possibility of developing hand movements in the shoulder and elbow joints, and the square shape of the base (1) allows several patients to be engaged, each of which is located on one side of the base (1) of the “playing field”.

On the surface of the base (1) are made cylindrical protrusions (3) with an external thread, designed to accommodate one type of metal chip caps (6) on them (see link below). The total number of cylindrical protrusions (3) on the surface of the base (1) should be even.

The minimum number of cylindrical protrusions (3) on the basis of (1) the “playing field” is 16 (sixteen) pieces arranged in 4 (four) rows, 4 (four) cylindrical protrusions (3) in a row are intended for practicing with patients, having a pronounced violation of visual spatial memory.

The maximum number of cylindrical protrusions (3) on the basis of (1) the “playing field” is 64 (sixty four) pieces arranged in 8 (eight) rows, 8 (eight) cylindrical protrusions (3) per row, is intended for preventive training visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic.

The most optimal and universal for practicing with patients is a “playing field” with 36 (thirty six) cylindrical protrusions (3) located in 6 (six) rows, 6 (six) cylindrical protrusions (3) in a row (see Fig. 3 )

The height of each cylindrical protrusion (3) is 10-16 mm, and its diameter and thread are made similar to the neck of a glass jar, designed to wind a standard metal cover, which is used as a chip cover (6). The cylindrical protrusions (3) can be made for one of the following diameters of standard metal covers: 82 mm, 89 mm, 100 mm or 110 mm (see links below).

The dimensions of the base (1) of the playing field are related to the size of the cylindrical protrusions (3) on which the chip caps (6) are located.

To increase the range of movements of the wrist when screwing the chip caps (6) onto the cylindrical protrusions (3), the angle of inclination of the screw thread on the cylindrical protrusions (3) may be slightly smaller than the standard angle of inclination of the screw line on the neck of glass jars.

In the center of each cylindrical protrusion (3), a magnetic plate (4) is fixed, which provides a rigid fixation of the metal chip cover (6) when it is located on the cylindrical protrusion (3) with the inner side up (see Fig. 2, 4)

As cover-chips (6) (see Fig. 3) in working with the “playing field” standard metal covers of the following types are used:

a) covers with a diameter of 82 mm (Glass containers, Twist-off caps with a diameter of 82, found on 11/05/2017 on the Internet at http: //steklobanka-kryshka.rf/magazin-2/product/kryshki-tvist-off-diametr -82);

b) caps with a diameter of 89 mm (Glass containers, Twist-off caps with a diameter of 89, found on 11/05/2017 on the Internet at http: //steklobanka-kryshka.rf/magazin-2/product/kryshka-tvist-off-diametr -89);

c) lids with a diameter of 100 mm (Glass containers, Twist-off lids with a diameter of 100 monocots, found on 11/05/2017 on the Internet at http: //steklobanka-kryshka.rf/magazin-2/product/kryshka-tvist-off- diametr-100-monocvet);

d) lids with a diameter of 110 mm (Glass containers, Twist-off lids with a diameter of 110 monocots, found on 11/05/2017 on the Internet at http: //steklobanka-kryshka.rf/magazin-2/product/kryshka-tvist-off- diametr-110-monocvet).

The total number of chip caps (6) used during classes with the “playing field” corresponds to the number of cylindrical protrusions (3) based on (1) the “playing field”.

The outer side of the chip covers (6) has the same color, and on the inner side of each chip cover (6) there are various images (7). Moreover, each of the images (7) is repeated on the inner surfaces of the two chip covers (6) (see Fig. 2)

The application of images (7) can be accomplished, for example, by using stickers (My-shop.ru online store, Assorti polymer sticker set, found on 11/05/2017 on the Internet at https: // my-shop. com / shop / products / 1449155.html).

To fix the “playing field” on a vertical surface to one of the sides of the base (1), metal brackets (5) are rigidly fixed.

Work with the "Game field for group lessons on restoring the motor functions of the hands and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic" is as follows:

To conduct a group training course, the specialist selects groups of patients with approximately the same degree of severity of impaired motor functions of the hands, and, if possible, with the same degree of visual and spatial memory impairment.

In the absence of visual-spatial memory impairment in patients with impaired motor functions of the hands, work with the device can be carried out to restore the motor functions of the hands and preventive training of the visual-spatial memory of these patients.

The number of patients in the group is 2-4 people. Patients should perform all necessary actions with a hand with impaired motor functions, helping with a healthy hand if necessary.

Before starting a group lesson, patients twist (restoration of motor functions of the arm) from the cylindrical protrusions (3) of the base (1) all the chip caps (6) (see Fig. 1), then turn them over and randomly place them on the cylindrical protrusions (3) so that their inner sides with images (7) are visible (see Fig. 2).

Due to the presence of magnetic plates fixed on the cylindrical protrusions (3) (4), the chip caps (6) are rigidly fixed on the surface of the cylindrical protrusions (3), which protects them from accidental displacement.

Then, for a certain time (from 20 seconds or more), patients memorize the spatial arrangement of images (7) (restoration of visual-spatial memory), after which they again turn the chip caps (6), twisting each of them (restoring the motor functions of the hand) onto a cylindrical protrusion (3), where it was previously located (see Fig. 3).

After this, one of the patients makes the first move by unscrewing two caps-chips (6), which, in his opinion, contain the same images (7), and shows the other patients images (7) on their inner sides.

If the images (7) coincide, then the patient installs the unscrewed caps-chips (6) on the cylindrical protrusions (3) with the image (7) up, making a note in the lesson protocol that correctly-unscrewed caps-chips (6).

If the images (7) on the chip caps unscrewed by the patient (6) do not match, then the patient returns the chip cover data (6) to its original place, screwing them onto the same cylindrical protrusions (3).

Further, all sick groups sequentially perform the above sequence of actions (see Fig. 4) the required number of times until the end of the game.

The game ends when all the chip caps (6) are twisted from the cylindrical protrusions (3) of the “playing field”. The winner is the patient who correctly unscrews a larger number of chip caps (6) containing paired images (7).

Along with conducting classes at the table, a “playing field” with sets of corresponding chip covers (6) can be attached by means of brackets (5) to the surface of the walls, providing the possibility of realizing hand movements not only in the horizontal, but also in the vertical plane.

After mastering classes with a “playing field” under the guidance of a specialist, patients begin to independently carry out group exercises, which helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation training.

Thus, classes with the “playing field” contribute to the restoration of motor functions of the hands as:

a) the restoration of hand movements in the shoulder and elbow joints is carried out through the implementation of complex hand movements that ensure the movement of the cap-chip (6) along the "playing field", which has large dimensions;

b) the restoration of the movements of the hand is carried out through the implementation of complex rotational movements that ensure the winding and unscrewing of the cap-chips (6) on the cylindrical protrusions (3);

c) the restoration of the movements of the fingers is carried out through the implementation of exciting and restraining movements that ensure the performance of various actions with lid-chips (6).

At the same time, the restoration of the motor functions of the hand is included in an interesting and attractive game activity for patients, which contributes to maintaining additional interest in ongoing rehabilitation classes.

The effectiveness of the use of the “playing field” during group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic is due to the fact that the social factors affecting the mental sphere of patients through the mechanisms of a small social group are included in the training process: interpersonal interaction, cooperation , cooperation, competition. In addition, it is important that in case of lack of motivation for classes in one patient, he is prompted to classes by other patients.

Thus, the claimed “playing field” allows classes with the patients of the neurological clinic aimed at the simultaneous restoration of several processes: a) motor functions of the hands by implementing complex movements in the shoulder and elbow joints, rotational movements of the hands, as well as exciting and holding finger movements hands; b) visual-spatial memory through an interesting and attractive game activity for patients. At the same time, the use of the “playing field” introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into interesting and attractive training for patients.

Claims (4)

1. The playing field for group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic, characterized in that it contains a square base made of plastic with rounded edges with sizes from 700 × 700 mm to 1000 × 1000 mm, thickness 6 -8 mm, along the perimeter of which flanges are made, and on the surface of the base there are cylindrical protrusions with an external thread, designed to accommodate metal chip caps on the inside of which are applied personal images, each of which is repeated on two chip covers, the height of each cylindrical protrusion is 10-16 mm, and its diameter and thread are made similar to the neck of a glass jar designed to wind a standard metal cover, which is used as a chip cover ; at the same time, a magnetic plate is fixed in the center of each cylindrical protrusion, and metal brackets are rigidly fixed to fix the “playing field” on a vertical surface to one of the sides of the base. 2. The playing field according to claim 1, characterized in that the flanges made along the perimeter of the base have a height of 4-7 mm and a width of 8-15 mm. 3. The playing field according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of cylindrical protrusions made on the base surface is from 16 to 64 pieces. 4. The playing field according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical protrusions can be made for one of the diameters of standard metal covers: 82 mm, 89 mm, 100 mm or 110 mm.

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