RU190715U1 - Simulator-hexagonal prism for group classes on the restoration of the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine to the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation during group sessions on the restoration of the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic. A hexagonal prism simulator was created for group classes on the restoration of motor functions of hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients of the neurological clinic, containing a hollow body made of plastic, having the shape of a straight hexagonal prism, whose lateral faces are rectangles of the same size with bases in the shape two regular hexagons. The same hollow conical handles are made on the hexagonal bases. On each of the six side faces of the hollow body, a series of six square-shaped recesses of the same size and depth are made to fit various symbols in the form of "crosses" and "zeros" or letters and numbers by means of an easily erasable water marker, and which are separated from each other and from the edges of the hollow body with jumpers of the same width. Moreover, the length of each side face of a hollow body consists of the size of the sides of six recess cells and the width of seven jumpers, including five bridges between recess cells and two jumpers between recess cells and two edges of the hollow body, and the width of each side edge of the body is the size of the side recess cells and widths of two bridges between the recess cell and the two edges of the hollow body. The technical result of the claimed utility model is a prostate simulator design-hexagonal prism by eliminating complex additional structural elements and increasing the efficiency of using its working surface in the process of conducting group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients with a neurological clinic, including bed patients, as well as patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor .

Description

This utility model relates to medicine to the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation when conducting group classes on the restoration of the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic.

For the effectiveness of rehabilitation education, the forms of its organization, which are used during classes with patients with disorders of various mental and motor functions, are important.

Methods and forms of organization of rehabilitation education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all human capabilities and abilities, take into account the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova LS Aphasia and rehabilitation education. M .; Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, p. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of rehabilitation education, which is based on the use of social factors is a group form of training that contributes to the recovery of impaired mental and motor functions, expanding and supplementing individual classes with a specialist and self-study of patients during their stay in the neurological clinic.

Group lessons allow to realize, first of all, the activity of communication and the impact on the patient's personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competitiveness, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. Moscow; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute; Voronezh: Publishing and Production Association NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to group dynamics expert Marvin Shaw, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more individuals interacting and influencing each other (Myers D. Social psychology. - SPb: Peter, 1997).

Thus, the use of group forms of training contributes to the effectiveness of rehabilitation training when working on the restoration of various mental functions, including intellectual activity and spatial memory, as well as motor functions, including the motor functions of the hands of patients with a neurological clinic.

In domestic psychology, intellectual activity or thinking is considered as a specific, but complex mental activity that has its own structure and functions (LS Tsvetkova, Neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients. Speech and intellectual activity, Moscow: MPSI Publishers, Voronezh: Modek, 2004 p. 317).

The normal intellectual process can be disrupted with focal brain lesions caused by various neurological diseases associated primarily with the defeat of the tertiary parietal-temporal-occipital or frontal regions of the cerebral cortex.

Restoration of impaired intellectual activity is carried out through special methods depending on various conditions, such as the form of the disorder, the topic of brain damage, the severity of the defect, etc. (L.S. Tsvetkova, Neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients. Speech and intellectual activity, M .: Izd- in MPSI, Voronezh: Modek, 2004, p. 320).

Along with a violation of intellectual activity, one of the violations most frequently encountered in patients with a neurological clinic is a violation of memory, one type of which is spatial memory.

Spatial memory is one of the types of memory aimed at memorizing the spatial location of objects, people, physical stimuli (National Psychological Encyclopedia, Spatial Memory, found 01/08/2019 on the Internet at http://vocabulary.ru/termin/prostranstvennaja -pamjat.html).

For classes on the restoration of spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic, various devices and simulators are used.

So, from the current level of technology is known "Device-simulator for classes on the restoration of impaired spatial memory in patients with neurological clinics" (Patent RU 168971 U1, 02.28.2017). Structurally, this device consists of a plastic case inside which an LED backlight is installed, and in the upper part there are transparent and matte plates, between which work cards with tables are sequentially laid out, part of the cells of which are highlighted in dark color or contain any images: symbols, geometric figures etc. Hidden from the patient, thanks to a matte plate, dark-colored cells or cells with images become visible after the light is turned on for a certain time. odiodnaya lights. The patient needs to memorize the spatial arrangement of the dark cells of the table or cells with images, and after turning off the LED backlight, mark them with a marker on the surface of the matte plate from memory.

The disadvantages of this device when using it in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the device is intended solely for classes in the restoration of spatial memory and cannot be used for classes in the restoration of the motor functions of the hands and intellectual activity;

b) the inconvenience of conducting classes with bed patients, since the device does not contain structural elements that ensure its retention in the hands;

c) limiting the time of classes with this device, since when the LEDs are turned on, the luminous flux is sent to the patient's face;

d) the structural complexity of this device, which includes various electronic components (LEDs, battery, time relay, etc.).

One of the effective methods used for group classes in the restoration of intellectual activity is the traditional game "Tic-tac-toe", which ensures the inclusion of patients in the process of solving various problems arising in the course of playing activity.

So, from the current level of technology is known device "a cap simulator for group classes on the restoration of hand movements and intellectual activity in patients with a neurological clinic" (Patent RU 176720 U1, 01.25.2018). Structurally, this device is a plastic square base with dimensions from 450 × 450 mm to 600 × 600 mm, on both sides of which there are fields for playing tic-tac-toe, consisting of nine and sixteen square cells of the same size of which is made a cylindrical protrusion with an external thread, designed for winding metal lids, chips, containing images of "crosses" and "zeros". This device provides the ability to simultaneously restore hand movements and intellectual activity of patients due to the fact that, as a method aimed at restoring intellectual activity, the traditional game “Tic-tac-toe” is used, and as a method aimed at restoring hand movements is used winding on the cylindrical protrusions of metal lids-chips with the image of "crosses" or "zeros".

The disadvantages of this device when using it in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) limited opportunities for the restoration of motor functions of the hands, as it is intended for classes in the restoration of movements of the hand only;

b) this device does not provide the possibility of conducting classes in the restoration of spatial memory;

c) because of the significant dimensions of this device, it cannot be used for training with bed patients;

d) simple variants of the game "Tic-tac-toe" on the playing fields of 9 and 16 cells reduce the interest in classes for some patients;

e) additional elements in the form of metal lids-chips with images of "crosses" and "zeros" complicate the design of the device. This source of information is considered as the closest analogue.

In order to overcome the above disadvantages, a “Hexagonal prism simulator for group classes on the restoration of motor functions of hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic” (hereinafter referred to as a “hexagonal prism simulator”) has been developed.

The tasks to be addressed by the claimed technical solution are:

a) increasing the efficiency of using the working surface of the “simulator-hexagonal prism” aimed at the simultaneous restoration of motor processes, in particular, the motor functions of the hands and mental processes: intellectual activity and spatial memory;

b) ensuring the possibility of conducting classes with bed patients due to the compactness of the “simulator-hexagonal prism” and the convenience of holding it in hands;

c) no need to use additional elements in the design of the device with images of "crosses" and "zeros" due to the fact that patients enter "crosses" and "toes" in the square cells of the "simulator-hexagonal prism" by means of an easily erasable water marker;

d) ensuring the convenience of fitting "crosses" and "zeros" into square cells of the "simulator-hexagonal prism", due to the fact that they are made in the form of depressions that do not allow the writing instrument to go beyond them;

e) prevention of accidental erasing of “crosses” and “zeros” inscribed in square cells, due to the fact that the “simulator-hexagonal prism” is held by the patients by the handles, allowing them not to touch the edges of his body during the performance of tasks;

e) ensuring the possibility of conducting classes with a “simulator-hexagonal prism” for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor;

g) the simplicity of the design of the simulator-hexagonal prism, contributing to its widespread introduction into clinical practice.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the simplicity of the design of the simulator-hexagonal prism by eliminating complex additional structural elements and increasing the efficiency of using its working surface in the process of conducting group exercises to restore the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients with a neurological clinic, including bed patients, as well as patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor .

This technical result is ensured by the fact that the simulator-hexagonal prism for group classes on the restoration of motor functions of hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients of the neurological clinic, contains a hollow body made of plastic, having the shape of a straight hexagonal prism, the lateral edges of which are rectangles the same size with bases in the form of two regular hexagons, identical hollow handles are made on the hexagonal bases a conical shape, on each of the six side faces of the hollow body, a series of six square-shaped recesses of equal size and depth are made to fit various symbols in the form of “crosses” and “zeros” or letters and numbers by means of easily washable water the marker and which are separated from each other and from the edges of the hollow body with jumpers of the same width, and the length of each side face of the hollow body consists of the size of the sides of six recess cells and the width of seven jumpers, There are five bridges between the recess cells and two bridges between the recess cells and the two edges of the hollow body, and the width of each side face of the hollow body is the size of the side of the recess cell and the width of the two bridges between the recess cell and two edges of the hollow body.

In the preferred embodiment, a hexagonal prism is marked with dark paint on one of the side faces of the hollow body of the simulator.

In a preferred embodiment, the recess cells are highlighted in a color different from the color of the hollow body.

In a preferred embodiment, the label can be made, for example, in the form of an arrow, which is directed towards the upper part of the playing field, represented by recess cells.

The essence of the utility model "Hexagonal prism simulator for group classes on the restoration of motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients of the neurological clinic" is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

FIG. 1 - view of the “simulator-hexagonal prism” from above from the side of two side faces;

FIG. 2 is a view of the “simulator-hexagonal prism” on the side of the handle;

FIG. 3, 4 - examples of work cards of varying complexity for classes in the restoration of spatial memory.

The inventive “hexagonal prism simulator” is a hollow body made of plastic (1), having the shape of a straight hexagonal prism, the lateral faces of which are identical rectangles. Moreover, the base is made in the form of two regular hexagons (see Fig. 1, 2).

The dimensions of this particular “simulator-hexagonal prism” indicated below are not signs narrowing the scope of legal protection, as they may change in the process of its creation.

The thickness of the side faces and bases of the hollow body (1) is the same and is 3-4 mm. On both sides of the hollow body (1), on its hexagonal bases, identical hollow handles (2) of conical shape with a length of 80-100 mm are made, the diameter of which at the end is 20-25 mm and the wall thickness is 2-3 mm. On each of the six side faces of the hollow body (1), a series of six cells of the same size and depth of the recesses (3) of square shape are used to fit various symbols in the form of "crosses" and "zeros" or letters and numbers by means of an easily washable water marker.

The size of the side of the square cell-recess (3) is 15-20 mm, and the depth is 1-2 mm.

The recess cells (3) are separated from each other and from the ribs of the hollow body (1) by bridges (4) of the same width, which are 2-3 mm.

The length of each side face of the hollow body (1) consists of the size of the sides of the six recess cells (3) and the width of seven jumpers (4), including five jumpers (4) between the recess cells (3) and two jumpers (4) between the cells- recesses (3) and two edges of the hollow body (1).

The width of each side face of the hollow body (1) is the sum of the size of the side of the recess cell (3) and the width of the two jumpers (4) between the cell recess (3) and the two edges of the hollow body (1).

Thus, the recess cells (3) formed on each of the six lateral faces of the hollow body (1) form a working field consisting of thirty-six cells (3), which is intended:

a) to play "Tic-tac-toe" in the course of classes in the restoration of intellectual activity;

b) for inscribing characters in the form of letters and numbers in the course of classes in the restoration of spatial memory.

At the same time, one of the side faces of the hollow body (1) is marked with a dark paint mark (5), denoting the upper part of the working field for the game "Tic-tac-toe" and classes for the restoration of spatial memory.

The label (5) can be made, for example, in the form of an arrow, which is directed to the upper part of the working field.

For a better perception of the cells of the recesses (3) of patients with the neurological clinic, they are highlighted in color (for example, by means of paint), which differs from the color of the hollow body (1) of the “simulator-hexagonal prism”.

Thus, the design features of the recess cells (3), which are made below the main surface of the faces of the hollow body (1), simplify the process of inscribing symbols into them due to the fact that the inscription occurs strictly within the borders of the recess cells (3).

Due to this, conducting classes with a “simulator-hexagonal prism” becomes available for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor.

At the same time, the depth of the recess cells (3) does not prevent the removal of the symbols inscribed in them with a water marker by means of a sponge for erasing water markers.

Along with group lessons, the “simulator-hexagonal prism” can also be used when conducting individual lessons on the restoration of spatial memory. For these occupations, a set made of thick paper, working cards (6) of a square shape, each of which contains an image of a sweep of six side faces of a hollow body (1) with the image of thirty-six recess cells, some of which contain various characters in the form of letters or numbers (see Fig. 3, 4).

At the same time, in the upper part of each work card (6) there is an image of a label, similar to the label (5) on one of the side faces of the hollow body (1).

The total number of work cards (6) that are included in the “simulator-hexagonal prism” package is 30-40 pieces.

For storing and carrying a “simulator-hexagonal prism” with a set of work cards (6), a cover (not shown in the figures) made of plastic or fabric material is used.

The work with the “simulator-hexagonal prism” for group classes on the restoration of the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic ”is carried out as follows.

Before the start of classes on the restoration of the motor functions of the hands and intellectual activity, the specialist forms a group of two patients who have approximately the same degree of impairment of these pathologies.

Then one of the patients, holding the “training hexagonal prism” with a hand with a movement disorder by one of the hollow handles (2), inserts the image of a “cross” into one of the recess cells (3) on the side face of the hollow body (1 ).

After that, the “hexagonal prism simulator” is transferred to another patient, who takes his hand in violation of movements (restoration of motor functions of the hand) by another hollow handle (2) and carries out the next move (restoration of intellectual activity), inscribing the image of “zero” in or another recess cell (3), etc.

Thus, during the training session, the “hexagonal prism simulator” is constantly transferred from one patient to another, each of whom takes and holds it, and also, if necessary, rotates the simulator around its axis (restoration of hand motor functions) by one of the hollow handles (2 ).

At the same time, before each new move (restoration of intellectual activity), patients are forced to perform with a “simulator a hexagonal prism”, various movements (rotation, tilts, etc. of the working surface), allowing to see all the side faces of the hollow body (1) with cells- depressions (3), in which "crosses" and "toes" are inscribed.

The game ends with the victory of one of the patients, who, in accordance with the rules of the Tic-tac-toe game, made a row of four “crosses” or “zeros” on the side faces of the hollow body (1), or in a draw, when none of the sick.

Along with the traditional game "Tic-tac-toe", "simulator-hexagonal prism" is used for variants of the game "Tic-tac-toe" with complicated rules, for example, the game "Tic-tac-toe of Silverman".

In this case, the patients also alternately enter the images of "crosses" and "zeros" in the recess cells (3), but the task changes. The task of the player with “crosses” is that in the recess cells (3) a row of four “crosses” or “toes” will line up. The task of playing "zeroes" is the opposite: not to allow complete rows of either images of "crosses" or images of "zeroes."

Also, in the course of training with the “simulator-hexagonal prism” they use the game “Tic-tac-toe” without taking into account the mark (5), that is, without dividing the playing field into upper and lower parts.

After the game is completed, all the images of “crosses” and “zeros” inscribed by patients in the recess cells (3) are removed with a sponge to erase the water markers.

If the lesson held with the “simulator-hexagonal prism” is aimed at restoring the motor functions of the hands and spatial memory, the specialist forms a group of two patients who have approximately the same degree of impairment of this pathology. In this case, one is appointed by the specialist who forms the task, and the other patient is the one who performs the task.

Further, the patient forming the task, holding the “hexagonal prism simulator” with his hand over one of the hollow handles (2), enters the water marker (3) several letters in the form of letters or numbers in the hollow body (1) of the hollow body (1) into the hollow body (1) whose number is set by a specialist.

Moreover, in the course of this activity, the patient has to carry out various movements with the “simulator-hexagonal prism”: rotation, tilts, etc., (restoration of the motor functions of the hand), giving the hollow body (1) positions that allow the characters to fit into the cells - grooves (3) located on different side faces of the hollow body (1).

After that, the “hexagonal prism simulator” is transferred to the patient performing the task, which for a period of time specified by a specialist (from 20 seconds or more) remembers the location of (3) characters inscribed in the recess cells (restoration of spatial memory).

In the course of this activity, the patient is also forced to perform various hand movements (rotations, inclinations, etc. of the working surface), providing the ability to see the symbols located in the recess cells (3) on different side faces of the hollow body (1), which undoubtedly lead to restoration of motor functions of the hand.

Next, the patient performing the task should try to reproduce the symbols he remembers (restoration of spatial memory) in a table consisting of thirty-six cells, pre-drawn in a workbook or printed on a printer.

After the assignment is completed, validation of its performance is carried out, then the patient forming the assignment and the patient performing the assignment switch roles, and the above-described sequence of actions is repeated as many times as specified by the specialist.

Thus, in the course of the occupation of the restoration of spatial memory, the “hexagonal prism simulator” is constantly transferred from one patient to another, each of whom takes and holds it by one of the hollow handles (2), turns the simulator around its axis, which, along with restoration of spatial memory restoration of motor functions of the hand.

In addition, each patient is forced to perform with a hand with impaired movements, various movements (rotations, inclinations, etc. of the working surface), allowing to enter symbols into the indentations (3) or to see the inscribed characters in the indentations (3) located on different lateral faces of the hollow body (1).

Along with group lessons, a “hexagonal prism simulator” is also used during individual sessions on spatial memory restoration, during which work cards (6) are used with images of a table of thirty-six cells, some of which contain various characters in the form of letters or numbers ( see Fig. 3, 4).

In this case, before starting the lesson, the specialist selects one of the work cards (6), the degree of complexity of which corresponds to the degree of violation of the patient’s spatial memory.

The degree of difficulty of work cards (6) is determined by the number of characters contained in the table cells. So, the most simple are the work cards (6), containing 2-4 characters (see Fig. 3), and the most complex - from 6 or more characters (see Fig. 4).

Further, the selected work card (6) is placed in front of the patient, who for a period of time specified by a specialist (from 20 seconds or more) memorizes the spatial arrangement of characters in the table cells, then closes it with a clean sheet of paper.

After this, the patient, holding the “hexagonal prism simulator” with a hand in violation of movement by one of the hollow handles (2) (restoration of the motor functions of the hand), inserts the memorized characters (restoration of spatial memory) into the recess cells (3).

At the same time, the patient is forced to carry out with a “simulator a hexagonal prism”, various movements (rotations, inclinations, etc. of the working surface), giving the hollow body (1) positions that allow the memorized symbols to fit into the recess cells (3), located on the various side faces of the hollow body (1).

After the check is completed, all the characters inscribed in the recess cells (3) are removed with a sponge to erase the water markers, and the procedure described above is repeated as many times as specified by a specialist with other work cards (6).

After mastering the work with the “simulator-hexagonal prism” under the guidance of a specialist, patients are given the opportunity to conduct self-study, both in the clinic and after discharge, at home.

Along with the use of a “simulator-hexagonal prism” for practicing the restoration of hand motor functions, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic, it can be widely used in the following cases:

a) when conducting remedial developmental activities with children who have violations of the formation of the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory;

b) when conducting neurocognitive training with people of elderly and senile age;

c) as a developing simulator of intellectual activity and spatial memory for healthy children;

d) as the original gaming device that implements the new version of the game "Tic-tac-toe".

Thus, the “hexagonal prism simulator” has the simplicity of construction due to the exclusion of complex additional structural elements and increases the efficiency of using its working surface in the process of conducting group exercises on the restoration of the motor functions of the hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in the neurological clinic, including bed patients, as well as patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor due to constructive original oh form and availability of recess cells, lintels and hollow handles.

The claimed “hexagonal prism simulator” introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into an interesting and attractive training for patients.

Claims (4)

1. Hexagonal prism simulator for group classes on the restoration of motor functions of hands, intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic, containing a hollow body made of plastic, having the shape of a straight hexagonal prism, the lateral faces of which are rectangles of the same size with bases in the shape of two regular hexagons, identical conical hollow handles are made on the hexagonal bases, on each of the six side faces A hollow body is made of a series of six square-shaped recesses of the same size and depth, designed to fit symbols into them by means of an erasable water marker, and which are separated from each other and from the edges of the hollow body by jumpers of the same width, and the length of each side face is hollow the body consists of the size of the sides of the six recess cells and the width of seven jumpers, including five jumpers between the recess cells and two jumpers between the recess cells and two edges ustotelogo housing, and the width of each side edge of the hollow body is composed of side-sized recesses cell and widths of the two webs between the cell-recess and two edges of the hollow body. 2. Simulator hexagonal prism according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the side faces of the hollow body is marked with paint. 3. The hexagonal prism simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess cells are highlighted in a color different from the color of the hollow body. 4. Simulator-hexagonal prism according to claim 2, characterized in that the label is made in the form of an arrow, which is directed to the upper part of the playing field, represented by recess cells

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