RU196448U1 - Circle simulator for group lessons on restoration and preventive training of visual memory by storing the coloring of the elements of a composite figure - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies. A useful model contains an opaque plastic base (1), having the shape of a circle, on the end surface of which a handle (2) is made, and on the faces the flange and the flank sides of the base (1) are made of flanges (3) located along the perimeter of both sides of the base, and protruding lines (4) of the same height, forming composite figures (6), consisting of individual elements (5), the borders of which are flanges (3) and protrusion lines (4); in this case, the composite figures (6) on the front and back sides of the base (1) are the same, and the mark (7) is applied to the front side of the base (1). Thus, the simulator circle allows for long-term group training courses due to its design features for the restoration and preventive training of visual memory by storing the colors of the elements of a composite figure with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor, without using use of additional elements such as work cards. The claimed circle simulator introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation sessions with patients, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients. Due to its simplicity of design and ease of use, the circle simulator can be widely used in clinical practice, as well as in various fields of practical psychology and pedagogy.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises on the restoration and preventive training of visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic by memorizing the coloring of the elements of the composite figure.

Of great importance for the effectiveness of rehabilitation education are the forms of its organization used during classes with patients at a neurological clinic who have disorders of various mental functions.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all human capabilities and abilities, using the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow psychologist -Social Institute of Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, p. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of rehabilitation education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is the group form of classes, which helps to increase the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental functions, expanding and complementing individual lessons with a specialist and independent studies of patients while they are in a neurological clinic .

Group classes allow you to realize, first of all, the activity of communication and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to the specialist in group dynamics, Marvin Shaw, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

The use of the group form of classes helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation training when working on the restoration in patients of a neurological clinic of various types of memory, including visual memory.

Visual memory is one of the types of memory that provides fixation and reproduction of visual images.

Visual memory impairment occurs in patients with a neurological clinic due to damage to the occipital parts of the cerebral cortex caused by various diseases associated with injuries, infections, and vascular diseases of the brain.

To restore impaired visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic, various exercises are used, during which images are stored and then this image is recognized among a group of other, externally similar images (passive recognition method) or the image is reproduced from memory by drawing it (active reproduction method )

However, active reproduction of a stored image from memory is often difficult for patients, therefore, in practice, exercises are used based on reproducing not the whole image, but its individual fragments, or the coloring of the elements that make up the stored image.

To conduct classes to restore impaired visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic, various printing simulators and devices are used.

For example, the “Practical Simulator for the Development of Speech, Attention, Memory, Thinking, Perception” is known on one of the pages of which in the upper part are colored images of various objects, and in the lower part - similar images, but not containing colors. The student must try to remember the coloring of the images of objects, then close them with a sheet of paper, and color from memory with colored pencils or felt-tip pens the images of objects located at the bottom of the page (Teremkova N.E. Practical simulator for the development of speech, attention, memory, thinking, perception , Issue 2, Dragonfly LLC, Moscow, 2016, p. 3).

The disadvantages of this and similar printing simulators when they are used for classes on the restoration and preventive training of visual memory are:

a) this and similar printing simulators are not intended for use during group classes;

b) the possibility of only a single use of printed materials of printing simulators;

c) a small amount of working material, insufficient for long-term training courses;

d) the lack of the ability to change the degree of complexity of tasks for memorization;

e) the difficulty of coloring small details of images for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor;

f) the working materials of this printing simulator are intended for classes with children, therefore, they can cause a negative reaction in adult patients.

Also, from the existing level of technology, the device “Trainer for classes to restore visual memory and attention in patients of a neurological clinic” is known (Patent RU 166674 U1 dated 10.12.2016).

Structurally, this device consists of a cover with a working plate fixed on it, on which is located an image of a group of geometric figures made by dark-colored contour lines protruding from 0.5-1 mm.

During classes with this device, work cards are used that contain color images similar to the image of a group of geometric shapes on a work plate.

The practitioner needs to remember the coloring of the geometric shapes on the work card, and then colorize the image of the geometric shapes on the work plate from memory using colored water markers.

The disadvantages of this device when it is used for classes on the restoration and preventive training of visual memory are:

a) this device is not intended for use during group classes;

b) the need to use additional elements such as work cards.

In order to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings, the “Circle simulator for group exercises on the restoration and preventive training of visual memory by the method of memorizing the colors of the elements of a composite figure” (hereinafter referred to as the “Circle simulator”) was developed.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) providing the possibility of conducting group exercises to restore visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic;

b) providing the possibility of conducting group exercises aimed at preventive training of the visual memory of patients whose memory impairment is manifested to a small extent;

c) ensuring the possibility of conducting long-term training courses due to the fact that the formation of tasks is carried out directly by the patients themselves;

d) no need to use additional elements such as work cards;

e) providing the possibility of conducting classes for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor due to the fact that the elements of the composite figure are made in the form of protruding lines that do not allow the writing element of the water marker to go beyond them;

f) providing the opportunity to conduct classes in various conditions, in the absence of a desktop, for example, on patients' walks;

g) the simplicity of the design of the "simulator-circle", contributing to its widespread adoption in clinical practice.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to expand the functionality of the "Simulator for the restoration of visual memory and attention in patients of a neurological clinic", provided by the structural elements of the claimed "Simulator-circle", allowing to conduct long-term courses of group lessons on the restoration and preventive training of visual memory by memorizing the coloring of the elements of a composite figure with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor, without the use of additional elements such as work cards.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the simulator-circle contains a base made of opaque plastic, having the shape of a circle, on the end surface of which a handle is made, and on the front and back sides of the base there are made collars located along the perimeter of both sides of the base, and the line protrusions of the same height, forming composite figures, which consist of individual elements, the borders of which are the flanges and line protrusions; while the composite figures on the front and back sides of the base are the same, and a mark is applied to the front side of the base.

In a preferred embodiment of the "Circle Simulator", each composite figure consists of 5-80 elements.

In a preferred embodiment of the “Circle Simulator”, the elements of the composite figures are located symmetrically with respect to the axes of the composite figure.

In the preferred embodiment of the “Circle Simulator”, the elements of the composite figures are arranged in random order.

In a preferred embodiment of the “Circle simulator”, the height of the beads is equal to the height of the line protrusions.

In a preferred embodiment of the “Circle simulator”, a black coating is applied to the surface of the line protrusions.

In a preferred embodiment of the “Circle simulator”, the mark is made in the form of a circle.

In a preferred embodiment of the “Circle simulator”, a white background coating is applied on both sides of the base.

The essence of the utility model "Circle simulator for group classes on the restoration and preventive training of visual memory by remembering the colors of the elements of a composite figure" is illustrated by the drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 - general view of the "simulator-circle";

in FIG. 2 - view of the "simulator-circle" from the side of the handle.

The claimed “Circle Trainer” is (see Fig. 1, 2) a base (1) made of opaque plastic, having the shape of a circle, on the end surface of which a hollow handle (2) is made, and on the front and back sides of the base (1 ) flanges (3) and protrusion lines (4) were made, forming composite figures (6), consisting of separate elements (5), intended for coloring during classes by means of easily erasable water markers of different colors.

The term “composite figure” means a flat figure consisting of separate elements: “Figures can be flat or three-dimensional, simple or composite ... A simple figure consists of one element, a composite of at least two” (Studopedia. Your encyclopedia, found 01/20/2020 on the Internet at https://studopedia.ru/20_24235_prostranstvennaya-struktura-elementi-prostranstvo-ploskost-figura-velichina-polozhenie-poryadok.html).

Thus, the elements (5) that make up the composite figure (6) are simple geometric shapes, such as a triangle, a quadrangle, a circle, and any other simple shapes of various shapes.

The following dimensions of this particular “Circle Simulator” are not signs that narrow the scope of legal protection, as they may change during its creation.

The diameter of the base (1) of the "Circle simulator" is 80-150 mm, and its thickness is 2-5 mm.

The handle (2) has a conical shape with a length of 80-100 mm, with a diameter at the end of 20-25 mm and a wall thickness of 2-3 mm.

The collars (3) are made around the perimeter of the front and back sides of the base (1) and have the same width of 3-6 mm.

The thickness of the protruding lines (4) is the same and amounts to 1-2 mm, and the surface of the protruding lines (4) is coated (for example, with paint) in black.

The composite figures (6) made on the front and back sides of the base (1) are identical and have a round contour, and their outer borders are the flanges (3) made along the perimeter of both sides of the base (1).

Each composite figure (6) consists of 5-80 separate elements (5), which are simple figures (see above) formed by lines-protrusions (4) and flanges (3), which can be located symmetrically with respect to the axes of the composite figure (6 ) or randomly.

The height of the shoulders (3) and the height of the protrusion lines (4) are the same and are 1-2 mm.

Thus, the forming elements (5) of the composite figures (6) flanges (3) and the line-ledges (4) serve as the boundaries for the writing element of the water marker, facilitating the process of coloring the elements (5) of the composite figure (6) for patients with small motility and the presence of hand tremor, without interfering with the subsequent easy removal of traces of water markers by means of a sponge designed to erase them.

For the convenience of practicing patients with the “Circle Trainer”, a mark (7) is applied (for example, using dark paint) to the front side of the base (1), which can be made, for example, in the form of a circle.

For better patient acceptance of composite figures (6), on both sides of the base (1), excluding collars (3), a white coating is applied (for example, by means of paint).

Work with the utility model "Circle simulator for group classes on the restoration and preventive training of visual memory by storing the coloring of the elements of a composite figure" is as follows.

Before starting classes, the specialist forms a group of two patients with approximately the same degree of visual memory impairment.

In this case, one of the patients of the group, the specialist appoints the formative task, and the other patient - the task.

Further, the patient, forming the task, holding the “Simulator-circle” by the handle (2), paints with water markers of different colors part of the elements (5) of the composite figure (6) on the front side of the base (1). In this case, the number of painted elements (5) and the number of colors of the used markers is set by a specialist.

After that, the “Simulator-circle” is transferred to the patient performing the task, who, within a specified time interval (from 20 seconds or more) remembers the coloring of the painted elements (5) of the composite figure (6) on the front side of the base (1).

Then, the patient performing the task turns the “Simulator Circle” face down (1), then tries to reproduce from memory the coloring of the elements (5) of the composite figure (6), painting with water markers of similar colors the corresponding elements (5) of the composite figure ( 6) on the back of the base (1).

In the event of difficulties, the patient performing the task can briefly turn the "Circle simulator", thus receiving a hint.

Verification of the correctness of the assignment is carried out by comparing the colors of the elements (5) of the composite figure (6) on the front and back sides of the base (1) due to one or more turns of the “Circle simulator” held by the handle (2).

Further, all traces of colored markers are removed with a sponge to erase them, the patient forming the task, and the patient performing the task change roles, and the whole sequence of actions is repeated a number of times specified by the specialist.

Along with the method described above, group exercises can be carried out by another method, based on the simultaneous use of two “Circle Trainers”.

In this case, each patient holding the used “Simulator-circle” by the handle (2), paints a certain number of elements (5) of the composite figure (6) on the front side of the base (1), after which both patients show each other used “ Simulators circles ”and during the time set by the specialist (from 20 seconds or more) remember the coloring of the painted elements (5) of the composite figures (6).

Further, each of the patients tries to reproduce the colors he remembered for the elements (5) of the composite figure (6) by coloring from memory the elements (5) of the composite figure (6) on the back of the base (1) of the used “Circle Trainer”.

Verification of the correctness of the tasks is carried out by alternately comparing the colors of the elements (5) of the composite figure (6) on the front side of the base (1) of the “Simulator-circle” of one patient and the coloring of the elements (5) of the composite figure (6) on the back of the base (1) "Circle simulator" of another patient.

After mastering the use of the "Circle simulator" under the guidance of a specialist, patients get the opportunity to conduct independent group exercises with him.

As patients achieve positive results in the restoration of visual memory, tasks are complicated by:

a) increasing the number of painted elements (5) of the composite figure (6) on the front side of the base (1);

b) increase the number of colors that are used to paint elements (5) of the composite figure (6);

c) reducing the time interval during which the coloring of the elements (5) of the composite figure (6) is stored.

Along with visual memory restoration classes, the Simulator Circle is also intended for use during preventive training of visual memory, the main difference of which is an increase in the number of colored elements (5) of a composite figure (6) and a decrease in the time interval for memorizing them.

In addition, the "Simulator-circle" can be effectively used in a number of other cases:

a) when conducting correctional and developmental classes with children with impaired formation of visual memory;

b) when conducting neurocognitive trainings with people of advanced and senile age;

c) as a developmental game aimed at developing and training visual memory in healthy children;

d) as a memory simulator for healthy adults who want to improve their visual memory.

Thus, the “Simulator-circle”, due to its design features, provides the possibility of conducting long-term courses of group classes for the restoration and preventive training of visual memory by storing the colors of the elements of a composite figure with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and hand tremor , without using additional elements such as work cards.

The claimed “Circle simulator” introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients.

Due to the simplicity of design and ease of use, the "Circle simulator" can be widely used in clinical practice, as well as in various fields of practical psychology and pedagogy.

Claims (8)

1. Circle trainer for group exercises on the restoration and preventive training of visual memory by storing the colors of the elements of the composite figure, characterized in that it contains a base made of opaque plastic, having the shape of a circle, on the end surface of which a handle is made, and on the front and back sides the base is made of flanges located along the perimeter of both sides of the base, and lines of protrusions of the same height, forming composite figures, which consist of individual elements, ranitsami beads which are line-and protrusions; while the composite figures on the front and back sides of the base are the same, and a mark is applied to the front side of the base. 2. The circle simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that each composite figure consists of 5-80 elements. 3. The circle simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements of the composite figures are located symmetrically with respect to the axes of the composite figure. 4. The circle simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements of the composite figures are arranged in random order. 5. The circle simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the shoulders is equal to the height of the protruding lines. 6. The circle simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the line protrusions is coated in black. 7. The circle simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the mark is made in the form of a circle. 8. The circle simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that a white background coating is applied on both sides of the base.

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