RU176909U1 - The simulator device for group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model, “A simulator device for group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic,” relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology, and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients neurological clinic with organic diseases of the brain of various etiologies, in patients with a neurological clinic. Leznov model contains two identical movably connected by a hinge (2) into a single block of plastic housing (1), a square box shape, the size of each of which are between 130 mm to 130 × 250 × 250 mm; at the same time, inside each case (1), on the bottom surface, a work plate (3) made of metal with magnetic properties is 0.5-1 mm thick, the size of which corresponds to the internal size of the bottom of the case (1), and on the front surfaces of each work plate (3) a film is glued, with the markup in the form of tables consisting of square cells (4) of the same size, designed to place magnet chips on them (8); at the same time, a part of square cells (4) of the working plate (3) located along two diagonals of the table is made in a darker color than the other cells (4), which are made in light color; a sash (6) made of opaque plastic is movably fixed to one of the walls of each of the buildings (1) by means of hinges (5), the size of which is equal to the internal size of the body (1), and the thickness is 2-3 mm; and on the side of each casement, (6) opposite the hinges, (5), a protrusion (7) is made for which a recess is made in the wall of each case (1). Thus, the proposed device allows for group exercises to restore the disturbed spatial memory with the possibility of formation an unlimited number of new tasks of varying degrees of complexity and their further quick and easy verification. The proposed device improves the efficiency of spatial memory recovery, as in the process of concepts include social factors affecting the mental sphere of patients through the mechanisms of a small social group.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain diseases of various etiologies.

Of great importance for the effectiveness of restorative education are the forms of its organization, which are used during classes with patients with disorders of various mental functions.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all human capabilities and abilities, using the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow psychological -Social Institute of Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, p. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of rehabilitation education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is the group form of classes, which helps to increase the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental functions, expanding and complementing individual lessons with a specialist and independent studies of patients during their stay in a neurological clinic .

Group lessons allow you to realize primarily the activity of communication and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to Marvin Shaw, a specialist in group dynamics, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997., Chapter 9).

The use of the group form of classes helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation training when working on the restoration of spatial memory in patients, as well as various other types of memory.

Spatial memory is one of the types of memory aimed at remembering the spatial location of objects, people, physical stimuli (National Psychological Encyclopedia, Spatial memory, found July 25, 17 on the Internet at http://vocabulary.ru/termin/prostranstvennaja-pamjat .html).

Like other types of human memory, spatial memory is impaired in various organic diseases of the brain, associated primarily with damage to the tertiary parietal-temporal-occipital departments of the cerebral cortex.

Currently, various devices and simulators are used for classes on the restoration of impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic.

So from the existing level of technology it is known "Device simulator for classes to restore impaired spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic" (Patent RU 168971 U1, published 02.28.2017).

Structurally, this simulator consists of a plastic case, inside which an LED backlight is installed, and in the upper part of the case there is a transparent and matte plate fixed between which there is an internal cavity, into which work cards are placed containing tables, some of whose cells are highlighted in dark color or contain certain images, for example, images of letters. Hidden from the patient, thanks to the matte plate, dark-colored cells or cells with letter images become visible after the LED backlight is turned on for a certain time. The patient needs to remember the location of the dark colored cells of the table or cells with letter images, and after turning off the LED backlight, mark them with a marker on the surface of the matte plate from memory.

The disadvantages of this simulator when using it for group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the limited capabilities of this simulator when used in group classes, as it is designed for individual lessons;

b) the need for a significant number of work cards for full-fledged courses of rehabilitation education;

c) difficulties in performing graphic actions for patients in a neurological clinic with impaired fine motor skills.

Also at present, various printing simulators are widely used to restore disturbed spatial memory.

So the simulator is known in which on the printed sheet of which there are several tables consisting of nine cells, each of which contains points in separate cells. The practitioner needs to remember the location of the points in one of the tables, after which, turning the page, put the points in one of the similar tables located on the back of the simulator's printed sheet. Next, turn the page and remember the location of the points in another table, etc. (Gavrina S.E., Kutyavina N.L., Toporkova I.G., Scherbinina S.V. Memory. Workbook, CJSC ROSMEN, OJSC IPK Chuvashia, 2014, p. 17, 18) .

The disadvantages of this simulator when using it for group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic "are:

a) the limited capabilities of this simulator when used in group classes, as it is designed for individual lessons;

b) the working material of this simulator can be used only once, since after placing the points in the cells of the table, a trace from the writing instrument remains on the paper sheet;

c) insufficient amount of working material contained in this printing simulator for carrying out long courses to restore impaired spatial memory;

d) the difficulty of patients self-checking the correctness of the tasks during self-study, as the patient needs to compare tables located on different sides of the simulator printed sheet;

e) the absence of the possibility of changing the degree of complexity of the tasks offered to the patient;

e) the need for a solid horizontal surface to perform graphic operations on the printed sheets of the simulator;

g) low interest in classes with materials of printing simulators in a number of patients in a neurological clinic due to the monotony of working with them.

A printing simulator is also known, in which a square table of 25 cells is located on the printed sheet, some of which cells (12 pieces) are highlighted in dark color. The student needs to try to remember the image, then draw a similar table on a previously prepared sheet of paper and color the cells that he remembered from memory, then check the correctness of the task by comparing both images (Mighty A. Memory super-simulator. A book-simulator for your brain, - Moscow: publishing house ACT, 2016, p. 130).

The disadvantages of this simulator when using it for group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic "are:

a) the limited capabilities of this simulator when used in group classes, as it is designed for individual lessons;

b) the working material of this simulator can be used only once, since after placing the points in the cells of the table, a trace remains on the paper sheet;

c) insufficient amount of working material contained in this simulator for conducting long courses of restoration of impaired spatial memory;

g) distraction of the patient to perform a secondary action (drawing a table);

e) the difficulty of completing the task of this simulator, which consists in remembering the location of the twelve selected cells for patients with impaired spatial memory;

e) the lack of the ability to change the degree of complexity of the tasks offered to the patient;

g) low interest in classes with materials of printing simulators in a number of patients in a neurological clinic due to the monotony of working with them.

In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of printing simulators, a “Simulator device for group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic” (hereinafter referred to as the “simulator device”) was developed.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) providing the possibility of implementing a group form of rehabilitation classes, which enhances the patient’s interest in the process of restoring impaired spatial memory due to the inclusion of communication activities and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc .;

b) the absence of the need for printed materials for classes, since the formation of new tasks is carried out by the patients themselves during group classes;

c) providing the ability to change the degree of complexity of tasks for the restoration of spatial memory;

d) providing the ability to quickly and easily verify the correctness of the tasks;

e) providing the possibility of conducting group classes in various conditions in the absence of a desktop;

f) increasing the interest of patients in rehabilitation education due to the fact that classes are carried out with a simulator device that introduces an element of novelty into classes.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the expansion of the functionality of printing simulators for the restoration of spatial memory provided by the structural elements of the proposed device, allowing for group exercises to restore disturbed spatial memory with the possibility of forming an unlimited number of new tasks of varying degrees of complexity and their further quick and easy verification .

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device contains two identical movably connected by means of a hinge in a single block of plastic housing square box-shaped, the size of each of which is from 130 × 130 mm to 250 × 250 mm; at the same time, inside each case, on the bottom surface, a working plate made of metal with magnetic properties is 0.5-1 mm thick, the size of which corresponds to the internal size of the bottom of the body, and a film is glued on the front surfaces of each working plate, with markings in the form of tables, consisting of square cells of the same size, designed to place magnet chips on them; at the same time, a part of the square cells of the working plate located along two diagonals of the table is made darker in comparison with other cells that are made in light color; A sash made of opaque plastic, 2-3 mm thick, is movably fixed to one of the walls of each of the hulls, the size of which is equal to the inner size of the hull, and a protrusion is made on the side of each sash opposite the hinges, for which a recess is made in the wall of each hull.

In a preferred embodiment, the height of each of the buildings is 20-30 mm, the wall thickness is 4-6 mm, the thickness of the bottom is 2-3 mm;

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the layout in the form of tables may include from 9 to 36 square cells of the same size.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the square cell size depends on the size of the working plate and the total number of cells.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the length of the protrusion made on each leaf is 20-30 mm, and the width is 5-7 mm greater than the thickness of the body wall.

In a preferred embodiment, the device recesses made in the walls of the buildings under the protrusions in the wings, have a depth equal to the thickness of the casement, and a length equal to the length of the protrusion.

In a preferred embodiment of the device for fixing the housings in the folded state, magnetic locks are mounted at the corners of the side walls of the housings.

The essence of the utility model "Device simulator for group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic" is illustrated by the drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 - a general view of the “simulator device” in the unfolded form without chips-magnets (in the given example, the working plate is divided into 25 cells);

In FIG. 2 - "simulator device" in the unfolded form with chips-magnets;

In FIG. 3 - “simulator device” during a group session, when one of the buildings is closed by a sash;

In FIG. 4 - "device simulator" when folded.

The proposed "simulator device" is a block (see Fig. 1), consisting of two identical, box-shaped square cases (1) made of plastic, movably connected by means of a swivel (2).

The dimensions of each case (1) are from 130 × 130 mm to 250 × 250 mm, height 20-30 mm, wall thickness 4-6 mm, bottom thickness 2-3 mm.

Inside each of the cases (1), on the bottom surface, a work plate (3) made of metal with magnetic properties (e.g. steel) is 0.5-1 mm thick, the size of which corresponds to the internal size of the bottom of the case (1).

A film is glued on the front surface of each working plate (3), on the surface of which a marking is applied in the form of tables that include from 9 to 36 square cells (4) of the same size, designed to accommodate magnet chips (8), the number of which is determined based on the complexity of the task (see. Fig. 2).

The size of the square cell (4) depends on the size of the working plate (3) and the total number of cells (4).

Magnets for blackboards can be used as chip magnets (8), for example, the J.Otten “Square” magnet (School season, Magnet for whiteboard 30 mm, 8 pcs / pack square in blister. J.Otten “Square” "art. 300, found on July 25, 2017 on the Internet at http://schoolseason.ru/magnit-ddoski-30mm-8shtup-kvadratnye-v-blist-jotten-kvadrat-art300-st8/).

Each magnet “J. Otten“ Square ”” is a plastic chip of square shape, size 30 × 30 mm, making it easy and convenient to move it on the surface of the working plate (3).

Also, magnets for blackboards that contain images of numbers or other symbols, for example, the magnet “J.Otten“ Numbers ”” (School season, Magnet d / blackboards 29 mm 10 pcs / pack) can also be used as chip magnets (8). round in blister J.Otten "Numbers" art. 2691, found 07/25/2017 on the Internet at http://schoolseason.ru/magnit-ddoski-29mm-10shtup-kruglye-v-blist-jotten-tsifry-art2691 -st10 /).

Each magnet “J.Otten“ Numbers ”” represents a plastic chip of a round shape, with a diameter of 29 mm, on the front surface of which an image of one of the numbers is applied (from 1 to 10).

Thanks to the use of chip-magnets (8) with fixation on the surface of the working plate (3), classes for the restoration of disturbed spatial memory can be carried out in any conditions without a desktop.

It is also important that the presence of magnet chips (8) fixed on the surface of the working plate (3) makes it easier for patients with hand tremors, who can accidentally shift chips that are not fixed on the surface of the working plate.

Part of the square cells (4) of the working plate (3), located on two diagonals of the table, is made darker in comparison with the other cells (4), which are made in light color, which facilitates the patient's orientation in the structure of the table with cells (4), on which there are magnet chips (8).

A sash (6) made of opaque plastic is movably fixed to one of the walls of each of the cases (1) by means of hinges (5), the size of which is equal to the internal size of the case (1), and the thickness is 2-3 mm (see Fig. 1- 3)

On the side of each sash, (6) opposite the hinges, (5), a protrusion (7) is made, the length of which is 20-30 mm, and the width is 5-7 mm more than the thickness of the wall of the body (1).

In the walls of the housings (1) of the device above the places located under the protrusions (7), recesses are made, the depth of which is equal to the thickness of the sash (6), and the length is equal to the length of the protrusion (7).

The protrusions (7) made on the leaves (6) perform the following functions:

a) allows you to fix the sash (6) in the internal cavities of the buildings (1);

b) play the role of a “handle” for raising and lowering the sash (6) during classes with the device.

To fix the cases (1) of the "simulator device" in the folded state (see, Fig. 4), magnetic locks (9) are mounted at the corners of the side walls of the cases (1).

The "Simulator device for group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic" works as follows:

To teach patients how to use the “simulator device”, the specialist conducts a group session with 4-6 patients with impaired spatial memory, breaking them into groups consisting of two patients so that patients in each group have approximately the same severity of spatial memory impairment.

After that, the specialist installs the “simulator device” in front of the patients of each group in the unfolded form, placing the shutters (6) of both buildings (1) in the upper position (see Fig. 1).

Next, the specialist gives each group of patients a certain number of magnet chips (8), depending on the severity of the spatial memory impairment of patients in this group.

So, if patients who will be jointly engaged with a “simulator device” have a pronounced degree of spatial memory impairment, then the specialist will issue 2-3 magnet chips to each patient (8).

In the case of moderate and mild memory impairment, each patient is given from 3 to 8 chip magnets (8).

One of the patients in each group is appointed by the specialist who forms the task, and the other by the task.

After that, the patient forming the task must arbitrarily install his magnet chips (8) into square cells (4) located on the working plate of one of the buildings (1) (see Fig. 2), after which the patient performing the task must try to remember their spatial location and close the shutter plate (6) with the working plate (3) with memorable chips-magnets (8) (see Fig. 3).

Next, the patient performing the task should try to reproduce from memory the spatial arrangement of the magnet chips (8), placing them in the same order in square cells (4) on another working plate (3) of the “simulator device”.

In the event that the patient performing the task has difficulty finding the spatial location of a particular magnet chip (8), he can briefly lift the leaf (6) by the protrusion (7).

After completing the task, the patient performing the task completely opens the leaf (6) and checks the correctness of the task (see Fig. 2).

Next, the patient, forming the task, and the patient, performing the task, change roles and the whole process is repeated in the same sequence specified by the specialist the number of times.

After finishing work with the “simulator device”, both shutters (6) are located inside the housings (1), and the housings (1) are superimposed on each other and fixed by means of magnetic locks (9) (see Fig. 4).

After mastering the work with the “simulator device” under the guidance of a specialist, patients get the opportunity to carry out independent classes in groups formed by a specialist. For this, the specialist gives each group of patients one “device-simulator”, inside the buildings (1) of which there is the number of magnet chips necessary for group sessions of patients (8).

The effectiveness of using the developed “simulator device” during group exercises to restore spatial memory is due to the fact that during the classes social factors of influence on the mental sphere of patients are included through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc.

As the practice of using the “simulator device” during group work with patients shows, it is important that, if there is a lack of motivation for classes in one patient, he is prompted to study by another patient.

The importance of the "simulator device" lies in the fact that its use introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into a psychological training that is fascinating and interesting for patients.

The complexity of the tasks to restore spatial memory generated by the "simulator device" is determined by the following:

a) the number of square cells (4) on the working plate (3) (the more cells the working plate contains, the more difficult the tasks are);

b) the number of chip-magnets (8) used during the lessons with the “simulator device” (the larger the number of chip-magnets (8) used during the lessons, the more difficult the tasks are);

c) external features of the magnet chips (8) used during training with the “simulator device” (if the magnet magnets (8) differ in appearance, for example, in color, and the patient must reproduce the spatial arrangement of the magnet chips (8) taking into account their color, this task is more complicated, since visual memory is included in the process of memorization along with spatial memory).

Along with the use of the device in the restoration of disturbed spatial memory, it can be widely used in the following cases:

a) during group classes on preventive training of spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic;

b) when conducting group corrective developmental classes with children with impaired spatial perception and memory;

c) when conducting group neurocognitive trainings with people of advanced and senile age;

d) as an exciting game for training spatial memory in healthy children and adults.

Thus, the proposed device allows for group exercises on the restoration of disturbed spatial memory with the possibility of forming an unlimited number of new tasks of varying degrees of complexity and their further quick and easy verification. The proposed device helps to increase the efficiency of spatial memory recovery, since in the process of training, social factors of influence on the mental sphere of patients are included through the mechanisms of a small social group.

Claims (7)

1. The simulator device for group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic, characterized in that it contains two identical movably connected through a swivel into a single block of plastic box-shaped square cases, the size of each of which ranges from 130 × 130 mm to 250 × 250 mm; at the same time, inside each case, on the bottom surface, a working plate made of metal with magnetic properties is 0.5-1 mm thick, the size of which corresponds to the internal size of the bottom of the body, and a film is glued on the front surfaces of each working plate, with markings in the form of tables, consisting of square cells of the same size with magnet chips placed on them; while part of the square cells of the working plate, located on two diagonals of the table, is made in a darker color compared to other cells that are made in light color; A sash made of opaque plastic, 2-3 mm thick, is movably fixed to one of the walls of each of the hulls, the size of which is equal to the internal size of the hull, and a protrusion is made on the side of each sash, opposite the hinges, for which a recess is made in the wall of each hull. 2. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of each of the buildings is 20-30 mm, the wall thickness is 4-6 mm, the thickness of the bottom is 2-3 mm. 3. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the markup in the form of tables can include from 9 to 36 square cells of the same size. 4. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the size of the square cell depends on the size of the working plate and the total number of cells. 5. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the protrusion made on each leaf is 20-30 mm, and the width is 5-7 mm more than the thickness of the body wall. 6. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the recesses made in the walls of the bodies under the protrusions in the flaps have a depth equal to the thickness of the flap and a length equal to the length of the protrusion. 7. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that for locking the housings in the folded state, magnetic locks are mounted at the corners of the side walls of the housings.

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