RU176718U1 - The simulator device for group classes on the restoration of spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the spatial orientation of the figures - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model, “A simulator device for group exercises to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the spatial orientation of figures,” relates to medicine, to the section of neurology and neuropsychology, and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions. The utility model contains two identical movably connected by a swivel (2) in a single block of plastic cases (1) of square box-shaped with rounded edges, the dimensions of each of which are from 130 × 130 mm to 160 × 160 mm; at the same time, inside each of the housings (1), a metal plate (3) 0.5-1 mm thick made of metal with magnetic properties is rigidly fixed on the bottom surface, on the surface of which a working plate (4) 2 thick made of light-colored plastic is rigidly fixed -3, on the surface of which there is a marking in the form of horizontal, vertical and diagonal lines (9) of dark color, at the intersections of which there are nine holes with a diameter of 6-9 mm, which are designed to install magnetic shapes in them (8); and to the side wall of one of the housings (1), through the hinges (5), a sash (6) made of opaque plastic is movably rotated, the shape and size of which corresponds to the shape and size of the inner part of the housing (1), and its thickness is 2-3 mm; at the same time, protrusions (7) are made on the sides of the leaf (6), and rectangular recesses for the protrusions (7) are made in the walls of the housing (1) to which the leaf is attached. The proposed device allows for group exercises to restore disturbed spatial memory by storing the spatial orientation of the figures, providing the ability to easily and quickly form an unlimited number of new tasks of varying degrees of complexity. The device helps to increase the efficiency of spatial memory recovery, as the social factors affecting the mental sphere of patients through the mechanisms of a small social group are included in the training process.

Description

The utility model relates to medicine, to the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the spatial orientation of the figures.

Of great importance for the effectiveness of restorative education are the forms of its organization, which are used during classes with patients with disorders of various mental functions.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all human capabilities and abilities, using the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M: Moscow psychological -social institute. Voronezh: Publishing house of NPO "MODEK", 2001, p. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of rehabilitation education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is the group form of classes, which helps to increase the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental functions, expanding and complementing individual lessons with a specialist and independent studies of patients during their stay in a neurological clinic .

Group lessons allow you to realize primarily the activity of communication and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M: Moscow Psychological and Social Institute. Voronezh: Publishing house NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to Marvin Shaw, a specialist in group dynamics, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

The use of the group form of classes helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation training when working on the restoration of spatial memory in patients, as well as various other types of memory.

Spatial memory is one of the types of memory aimed at remembering the spatial location of objects, people, physical stimuli (National Psychological Encyclopedia. Spatial memory. Found on 07.25.17 on the Internet at http://vocabulary.ru/termin/prostranstvennaja-pamjat .html).

Like other types of human memory, spatial memory is impaired in various neurological diseases, associated primarily with damage to the tertiary parieto-temporal-occipital departments of the cerebral cortex.

One of the effective methods of restoring spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic is a method based on storing the spatial orientation of the figures, which consists in the fact that the patient is invited to memorize and then reproduce a group of identical figures with different spatial orientations, for example, multidirectional arrows.

To implement this method in practical work with patients in a neurological clinic, various devices and simulators are used.

So, from the existing level of technology, a device-simulator is known for training to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic (Patent RU 168971 U1, publ. 02.28.2017).

Structurally, this simulator consists of a plastic case, inside of which LED illumination is installed, and in the upper part of the case there are fixed transparent and matte plates, between which there is an internal cavity into which work cards are laid, on which various images are applied, for example, arrows pointing in different directions. Hidden from the patient, thanks to the matte plate, the images of the arrows become visible after the LED backlight is turned on for a certain time. The patient needs to remember the location and direction of these arrows, and after turning off the LED backlight, put them with a marker on the memory of the matte plate.

The disadvantages of this simulator when using it for group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the spatial orientation of the figures are:

a) the limited capabilities of this simulator when used in group classes, as it is designed for individual lessons;

b) the need for a significant number of work cards for full-fledged courses of rehabilitation education;

c) difficulties in performing graphic actions for patients in a neurological clinic with impaired fine motor skills.

Also at present, various printing simulators are used for classes on the restoration of spatial memory by storing the spatial orientation of figures.

So, a simulator is known in which on the upper part of the printed sheet is an image of twenty horizontally or vertically oriented segments with two points at the ends. The student needs to memorize the spatial orientation of these segments for a minute, and then draw the data of the segments according to their spatial orientation at the bottom of the simulator’s printed sheet (Angel Navarro. Memory does not change. Tasks and puzzles for the development of intelligence and memory. - M. : Mann, Ivanov and Ferber, 2017, p. 60).

The disadvantages of this simulator when using it for group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the spatial orientation of the figures are:

a) the limited capabilities of this simulator when used in group classes, as it is designed for individual lessons;

b) the presence of only two options for the spatial orientation of the figures of this simulator, which are located in a vertical or horizontal position;

c) the working material of this simulator can be used only once, since after drawing the segments on the paper sheet there is a trace from the writing instrument;

d) insufficient amount of working material contained in this printing simulator for conducting long courses to restore impaired spatial memory;

e) the difficulty of completing the task of this simulator for patients in a neurological clinic with moderate and severe spatial memory impairment;

e) the lack of the ability to change the degree of complexity of the tasks offered to the patient;

g) the need for a solid horizontal surface to perform graphic operations;

h) low interest in classes with materials of printing simulators in a number of patients in a neurological clinic due to the monotony of working with them.

Also known is a simulator in which four rows of spatially oriented figures are located on the printed sheet, which are curly arrows that differ in direction: left, right, up, down. The student needs to memorize them for one and a half minutes, and then reproduce them from memory on a separate sheet of paper (Angel Navarro. Memory does not change. Tasks and puzzles for the development of intelligence and memory. - M.: Mann, Ivanov and Ferber, 2017, p. 102).

The disadvantages of this simulator when using it for group exercises to restore impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the spatial orientation of the figures are:

a) the limited capabilities of this simulator when used in group classes, as it is designed for individual lessons;

b) the presence of only four options for the spatial orientation of the figures of this simulator, differing in the spatial position of the arrow: top-bottom, left-right;

c) insufficient amount of working material contained in this printing simulator for conducting long courses to restore spatial memory;

d) the lack of the ability to change the degree of complexity of the tasks offered to the patient;

d) the need for a solid horizontal surface to perform graphical actions;

e) the difficulty of completing tasks for drawing figures for patients with impaired fine motor skills;

g) low interest in classes with materials of printing simulators in a number of patients in a neurological clinic due to the monotony of working with them.

In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of printing simulators, a simulator device was developed for group exercises to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the spatial orientation of the figures (hereinafter referred to as the simulator device).

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) providing the possibility of implementing a group form of rehabilitation classes, which enhances the patient’s interest in the process of restoring impaired spatial memory due to the inclusion of communication activities and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group;

b) an increase in the spatial orientation of the figures of this simulator, providing a variety of generated tasks;

c) the absence of the need for printed materials for classes, since the formation of new tasks is carried out by the patients themselves during group classes;

d) providing the ability to change the degree of difficulty of tasks;

e) providing the possibility of conducting group classes in various conditions in the absence of a desktop surface;

f) increasing the interest of patients in rehabilitation education due to the fact that classes are carried out with a simulator device that introduces an element of novelty into classes.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to expand the functionality of printing simulators to restore spatial memory by storing the spatial orientation of figures, provided by the structural elements of the proposed device, allowing for group exercises to restore disturbed spatial memory by storing the spatial orientation of figures with the possibility of quick and easy formation of unlimited number of new set different degrees of complexity.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device contains two identical movably connected by a hinge in a single block of plastic housing square box-shaped with rounded edges, the sizes of each of which are from 130 × 130 mm to 160 × 160 mm; while inside each of the cases on the bottom surface a metal plate made of metal with magnetic properties is 0.5-1 mm thick, the shape and size of which correspond to the shape and size of the bottom of the case; and on the surface of the metal plate a working plate made of light-colored plastic 2-3 mm thick is rigidly fixed, the shape and size of which corresponds to the shape and size of the metal plate, while the surface of the working plate is marked in the form of horizontal, vertical and diagonal lines of dark color, at the intersections of which nine holes are made, which are designed to install magnetic shapes in them; and to the side wall of one of the buildings through the hinges movably, with the possibility of rotation, a sash made of opaque plastic is fixed, the shape and size of which corresponds to the shape and size of the inner part of the body, and its thickness is 2-3 mm; however, protrusions are made on the sides of the sash, and rectangular recesses for the protrusions are made in the walls of the housing to which the sash is attached.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the height of each case is 20-30 mm, the thickness of the bottom is 2-3 mm, the wall thickness is 4-6 mm with a thickening in the corners of the cases of the device.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the distance between the marking lines is determined locally, based on the dimensions of the working plate.

In a preferred embodiment, the device marking lines have a thickness of 0.5-1 mm and can be solid or dashed.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the holes made at the intersection of the marking lines of the working plate have a diameter of 6-9 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the length of each protrusion on the sash is 20-30 mm, and the width is 5-7 mm greater than the thickness of the wall of the housing.

In a preferred embodiment of the device for fixing the housings in the folded state, magnetic locks are mounted at the corners of the side walls of the housings.

The essence of the utility model "The simulator device for group exercises to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the spatial orientation of the figures" is illustrated by the drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 is a general view of the simulator device in the open state;

In FIG. 2 - the simulator device in the open state with magnetic figures located with the same spatial orientation;

In FIG. 3 - a simulator device during a group session, when the magnetic figures of one of the buildings are installed with different spatial orientations;

In FIG. 4 - a simulator device during a group session, when the working plate of one case is closed by a sash;

In FIG. 5 - simulator device when folded.

The proposed simulator device is a block (see Fig. 1), consisting of two identical, box-shaped square cases (1) made of plastic, with rounded edges, movably connected by means of a swivel joint (2).

The dimensions of each case (1) are from 130 × 130 mm to 160 × 160 mm, the height is 20-30 mm, the thickness of the bottom is 2-3 mm, the wall thickness is 4-6 mm with a thickening in the corners of the cases (1) of the device.

Inside each of the cases (1), on the bottom surface, a metal plate (3) 0.5-1 mm thick made of metal with magnetic properties (e.g. steel) is rigidly fixed (for example, by means of adhesive bonding), the shape and size of which correspond to the shape and the size of the bottom of the housing (1).

On the surface of each metal plate (3), a work plate (4) made of light-colored plastic, 2-3 mm thick, rigidly fixed (for example, by means of adhesive bonding), the shape and size of which corresponds to the shape and size of the metal plate (3).

On the surface of each working plate (4), markings are made in the form of horizontal, vertical and diagonal lines (9) of a dark color (see Fig. 1), at the intersections of which there are nine holes with a diameter of 6-9 mm, which are designed to install magnetic figures (8) (see Fig. 2).

The distance between the marking lines (9) is determined locally, based on the dimensions of the working plate (4).

Marking lines (9) have a thickness of 0.5-1 mm and can be solid or dashed.

A sash (6) made of opaque plastic is movably mounted, with the possibility of rotation, to the side wall of one of the buildings (1) by means of loops (5), which performs the following functions:

a) allows you to close one of the working plates (4) with the magnetic figures (8) located on it during group exercises with the device (see Fig. 4);

b) acts as an internal partition between the cases (1), which does not allow the magnetic figures (8) to fall out of the working plates (4) when carrying the device.

The shape and size of the leaf (6) correspond to the shape and size of the inner part of the housing (1), and its thickness is 2-3 mm.

On the sides of the sash (6), projections (7) are made, each of which is 20-30 mm long and 5-7 mm wider than the thickness of the casing wall (1), and in the casing walls (1) to which the sash is attached , made rectangular recesses for the protrusions (7).

The protrusions (7) made on the leaf (6) perform the following functions:

a) allow you to fix the sash (6) in the internal cavity of the housing (1) of the device;

b) play the role of “handles” for raising and lowering the sash (6) during classes with the device.

To fix the cases (1) of the simulator device in the folded state (see Fig. 5), two locks of each case (1) are equipped with magnetic locks (10).

Inside each case (1), nine magnetic figures (8) are located in the holes of the working plate (4), which can be used as: a) finished magnets for blackboards (having the shape of a rhombus, rectangle or triangle); b) magnetic figures specially made to work with the device.

As finished magnetic figures in the work with the device, for example, “Elegance” magnets with a diamond shape can be used (Labyrinth.ru, Office supplies, Magnets set of 6 pieces “Elegance”, 30 mm (658006-02), found on 08/10/2017 on the Internet at https://www.labirint.ru/office/302443/).

Each magnet "Elegance" is made of plastic in the form of a rhombus, size 30 × 22 mm, the upper part of which has a thickness of 3 mm, and in the lower part there is a protrusion of a round shape with a diameter of 12 mm and a height of 4 mm, inside of which is a magnet.

Magnetic figures specially made to work with the device must have a similar design, the upper part of which is made in the form of a geometric figure (rhombus, rectangle or triangle), and the lower part is in the form of a protrusion of a round shape, by means of which the magnetic figure is mounted with the possibility of rotation into holes on the working plate (4).

In case the upper surface of each magnetic figure has a uniform color, the options for its spatial orientation are determined by four positions that the magnetic figure can occupy in accordance with four marking lines (9): vertical position, horizontal position and two diagonal positions.

To increase the spatial orientation of the magnetic figures (8), one of the sides of the upper surface of each magnetic figure (8) is highlighted in some way, for example by applying a darker paint (see Fig. 2), due to which the number of variants of the spatial orientation of the magnetic figures ( 8) doubles and reaches eight.

The presence on each working plate (4) of marking lines (9) made in dark color provides a clear and unambiguous identification by patients of each of the eight spatial positions of the magnetic figure (8) (see Figs. 2 and 3).

A simulator is working for group exercises to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the spatial orientation of the figures as follows.

To educate patients on the use of a simulator device, a specialist holds a group session with 4-6 patients with impaired spatial memory, breaking them into groups of two patients, so that patients in each group have approximately the same degree of severity of spatial memory impairment.

After that, the specialist installs the simulator in front of the patients of each group in the unfolded form, placing the sash (6) in the open position (see Fig. 2).

Based on the degree of severity of spatial memory impairment, the specialist indicates to each group of patients how many magnetic figures (8) they should use during the lesson, after which the excess magnetic figures (8) are removed from the working plates (4) of each case (1) of the device .

So, if in patients who will be jointly engaged with a simulator device, spatial memory impairment has a pronounced degree, then occupation is carried out with 2-4 magnetic figures (8).

In the case of a violation of spatial memory of medium and light degrees, from 5 to 9 magnetic figures are used in the process of training (8).

Further, the specialist appoints one patient of each group as the task formative, and the other patient - the task.

After that, the patient forming the task must change the spatial orientation of each of the magnetic figures (8) located in the case (1) with the leaf (6), arbitrarily turning them at any angle in accordance with the lines applied to the working plate (4) (9) markings (see Fig. 3), after which the patient performing the task should try to remember their spatial orientation and close with the sash (6) this working plate (4) with magnetic figures (8) (see Fig. 4) .

Next, the patient performing the task should try to reproduce from memory the spatial orientation of the magnetic figures (8), setting them in a similar position on another working plate (4) in accordance with the lines (9) of the marking.

If the patient performing the task has difficulty reproducing the spatial orientation of a particular magnetic figure (8), he can briefly lift the leaf (6) by the protrusion (7), receiving a hint.

After completing the task, the patient performing the task, completely opens the sash (6) and checks the correctness of the task.

Next, the patient, forming the task, and the patient, performing the task, change roles and the whole process is repeated in the same sequence specified by the specialist the number of times.

After completing work with the simulator device, the sash (6) is located inside the housing (1), and the casings (1) are superimposed on each other and fixed by means of magnetic locks (10), so that the device becomes compact, providing convenience for storage and carrying ( see Fig. 4).

After mastering the work with the simulator device under the guidance of a specialist, patients get the opportunity to carry out independent classes in groups formed by a specialist.

As patients achieve positive results in the restoration of spatial memory, tasks become more complicated, consisting in increasing the magnetic figures used in the work (8) and reducing the time of their presentation for memorization.

The effectiveness of using the developed simulator device during group exercises to restore spatial memory is connected with the fact that during the lessons social factors of influence on the mental sphere of patients are included through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc.

As the practice of using the simulator device in the course of group work with patients shows, it is important that if there is a lack of motivation for classes in one patient, he is prompted to classes by another patient group.

The importance of the simulator device lies in the fact that its use introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into a psychological training that is fascinating and interesting for patients.

Along with the use of the device in the restoration of disturbed spatial memory, it can be widely used in the following cases:

a) during group classes on preventive training of spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic;

b) when conducting group corrective developmental classes with children with impaired spatial perception and memory;

c) when conducting group neurocognitive trainings with people of advanced and senile age;

d) as an exciting game for training spatial memory in healthy children and adults.

Thus, the proposed device allows for group exercises on the restoration of disturbed spatial memory by storing the spatial orientation of the figures, providing the ability to easily and quickly generate an unlimited number of new tasks of varying difficulty.

The proposed device helps to increase the efficiency of spatial memory recovery, since the social factors affecting the mental sphere of patients through the mechanisms of a small social group are included in the training process.

Claims (6)

1. The simulator device for group exercises to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic by storing the spatial orientation of the figures, characterized in that it contains two identical, movably connected by means of a hinge to a single block of plastic box-shaped square cases with rounded edges, the sizes of each of which are from 130 × 130 mm to 160 × 160 mm; while inside each of the cases on the bottom surface a metal plate made of metal with magnetic properties is 0.5-1 mm thick, the shape and size of which correspond to the shape and size of the bottom of the case; a working plate made of light-colored plastic, 2-3 mm thick, rigidly fixed on the surface of the metal plate, the shape and size of which corresponds to the shape and size of the metal plate, with markings in the form of horizontal, vertical and diagonal lines of dark color applied to the surface of the metal plate, at the intersections of which nine holes are made, which are designed to install magnetic shapes in them, the upper part of which is made in the form of a geometric figure: a rhombus, or a rectangle, or t eugolnik, while the lower part - a projection circular shape, wherein magnetic pieces are rotatably mounted in holes in the working plate; and to the side wall of one of the buildings through the hinges movably, with the possibility of rotation, a sash made of opaque plastic is fixed, the shape and size of which corresponds to the shape and size of the inner part of the body, and its thickness is 2-3 mm; however, protrusions are made on the sides of the sash, and rectangular recesses for the protrusions are made in the walls of the housing to which the sash is attached. 2. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of each case is 20-30 mm, the thickness of the bottom is 2-3 mm, the wall thickness is 4-6 mm with a thickening in the corners of the corps of the device. 3. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the marking lines have a thickness of 0.5-1 mm and can be solid or dotted. 4. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes made at the intersection of the marking lines of the working plate have a diameter of 6-9 mm. 5. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of each protrusion on the leaf is 20-30 mm, and the width is 5-7 mm greater than the thickness of the wall of the housing. 6. The simulator device according to claim 1, characterized in that for locking the bodies in the folded state, magnetic locks are mounted at the corners of the bodies.

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