RU2801091C1 - Drainage-filtering slot device for liquid sludge dehydration (embodiments) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: public utilities.

SUBSTANCE: drainage-filtering slot device for dehydration of liquid sludge generated at treatment facilities in wastewater treatment processes is described, which is made in the form of a hollow structure consisting of a frame with stiffeners, comprising at least one enclosing wall made of a single sheet material with longitudinal slotted slots along the entire height of the device, whereas the slots are located vertically and/or with a vertical slope, and the distance between the horizontal stiffeners is not more than 500 mm. A drainage-filtering slotted device for dehydration of liquid sludge formed at treatment facilities in wastewater treatment processes is described, which is made in the form of a hollow structure, consisting of a frame with stiffeners, comprising at least one enclosing wall made of separate elements forming slotted holes along the entire height of the device, whereas the individual elements are rigidly fixed to the stiffeners with the formation of slotted holes, whereas at least one stiffener is made in the form of a comb, consisting of a horizontal rib and perpendicularly located ribs, to which the individual elements are rigidly fixed, whereas each individual the element is fixed to the tooth of the ridge, which is separated from the enclosing wall.

EFFECT: improved filtration quality.

11 cl, 26 dwg

Description

The invention relates primarily to public utilities, in particular, to devices for dewatering sludge generated in urban or industrial wastewater treatment plants in wastewater treatment processes.

It is known that the traditional process of wastewater treatment includes three main stages of treatment: settling in "primary settling tanks", biological treatment of settled water in aerotanks and subsequent removal of biomass from the treated water in "secondary settling tanks". High humidity, large volumes and specific smell, complex chemical and biological composition of sludge often cause great difficulties in the operation of treatment facilities. The treatment of sludge formed in the settling tanks of treatment facilities is a technically complex task that requires large financial investments.

The main method of sludge dehydration almost until the end of the 90s of the last century was sludge pads (sludge pads), which were replaced by mechanical sludge dehydration in centrifuges and filter presses using cationic flocculants based on polyacrylamide. The experience of using mechanical dehydration of sludge in Russia and the CIS countries showed to the authors of the invention that the known method has conflicting results: on the one hand, dehydration in filter presses and centrifuges gives a significant reduction in volume and a decrease in moisture content of sludge up to 70-80%, on the other hand, dehydrated the sludge is a sticky, plastic mass, unsuitable for further disposal, with an unpleasant odor, a cubic meter of which contains 700-800 liters of polymer-bound water.

The combination of two well-known methods of sludge dehydration “static dehydration on sludge beds” and “mechanical dehydration using reagents” actually made it possible to create a new technology for sludge dehydration (see RF patents for inventions No. 225295, No. 2393122). The use of a reagent based on activated high-molecular-weight polyethylene oxide and drainage-filtering slit devices for mechanical filtering makes it possible to obtain results on ordinary sludge sites in a short time, comparable to the results of mechanical dehydration in terms of moisture content and significantly superior to mechanical dehydration in terms of the properties of the resulting product. Dehydrated and dried sludge is a crumbly peat-like mass suitable for various options for processing into composts, reclamation soils, soils for industrial crops, etc.

Since 2001, the authors of the present invention have been continuously conducting research work to study the properties of sludge at various treatment facilities in Russia and neighboring countries and have carried out a large amount of development work to create universal drainage-filtering slotted devices (see RF patents for utility models No. 33113, No. 51382, No. 95659).

A device for dehydration of flocculated sediments of a sludge site protected by patent No. 33113, published in 2003, is made in the form of a container having a bottom and side walls with trapezoidal slots. The tank is equipped with a pump and a piping system for water drainage.

The disadvantages of this technical solution is the need to equip sites with conduits for the removal of sludge water, the need to provide power to each well and the presence of specially trained maintenance personnel. Such a device cannot operate at temperatures below 0°C, because at negative temperatures between pumpings, the water will freeze at the bottom of the well and in the pump, as well as in the outlet pipelines, and in Siberia this is not only a winter period, but also deep autumn and early spring.

The sludge bed, protected by the RF utility model patent No. 51382, published in 2006, contains a base and enclosing walls with drainage holes, which are blocked by filtering devices made in the form of sliding gate devices with vertical slots. The slots have a trapezoid shape in cross section, the smaller base of which faces the silt platform.

Experience in the operation of sludge beds with the described device has shown that it is impossible to exclude the operation of cleaning slots from the technological process, especially when the sludge level in the sludge bed changes or with significant mechanical or fibrous contamination in the sludge entering for dehydration. When the level drops, the thick sediment fills the slots and dries up, and when the level rises, these slots must be cleaned using a tool whose working part is thinner than the width of the slot. It is very difficult to clean the slots in the gates located in the windows of the concrete wall of the site filled with sediment, and closer to the base of the site it is almost impossible. Such an operation must be carried out by a worker located on the wall of the site. At the same time, the thickness of the walls does not allow him to clean all the contaminated slots with the tool. All this complicates the continuous removal of sludge water from the site, reducing the efficiency of its operation.

The prototype of the proposed technical solution is a drainage-filtering slot device (see RF utility model patent No. 95659, published in 2010), made in the form of a frame, for example, U-shaped, installed at the bottom of the sludge bed and attached to the wall so that that it blocks the drainage holes. The frame has vertical slots in the form of a trapezoid, the smaller base of which faces the silt platform. In the case of manufacturing the filter device from sheet material, the slots are made by milling followed by chamfering, or by a plasma cutter. It is possible to manufacture from separate strips, on each of which chamfers are made in advance. In this case, trapezoidal slots are formed by attaching the plates by welding to the corners with the formation of vertical slots. The corners are welded together at the ends, forming a rigid structure. The frame of the filter device can be made of metal, such as steel.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that with regular cleaning of the slots, the edges of the hole in the form of a trapezoid, the smaller base of which faces the sludge platform, wear out quickly enough, which leads to an increase in the size of the slot and leads to the fact that the slot holes pass a large amount of pollution, while worsening the quality of filtering (straining). The prototype uses stiffeners made from a corner. At the junction (attachment) of the stiffeners (corners) to the filter elements, slots or slots are interrupted, which leads to insufficient filtration and makes it difficult to clean the device.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to eliminate these shortcomings, improve the quality of filtration, including by ensuring the continuity of the filter hole over the entire height of the device and improve the service conditions of the drainage-filter slot device, in particular, simplifying the cleaning of the device.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that, according to the first variant of the invention, the drainage-filtering slot device for dehydration of liquid sludge formed at treatment facilities in wastewater treatment processes is made in the form of a hollow structure consisting of a frame with stiffeners and contains at least one enclosing a wall made of solid sheet material with longitudinal slots along the entire height of the device, while the slots are located vertically and / or with a vertical slope, and the distance between the horizontal stiffeners is not more than 500 mm.

The enclosing walls of the device are trapezoidal in shape and are located with smaller bases in the lower part of the device, and large bases in the upper part, while the enclosing walls are inclined from the vertical axis to the sides.

Steps are fixed inside the drainage-filtering device.

The slotted slots are made in a rectangular shape or in the form of a truncated parabola.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that, according to the second variant of the invention, a drainage-filtering slot device for dehydrating liquid sludge formed at treatment facilities in wastewater treatment processes, made in the form of a hollow structure, consisting of a frame with stiffeners and contains at least one enclosing wall made of individual elements forming slotted holes along the entire height of the device, forming slotted holes along the entire height of the device, while the individual elements are rigidly fixed to the stiffeners with the formation of slotted holes, while at least one stiffener is made in the form a ridge consisting of a horizontal rib and perpendicularly located ribs, to which individual elements are rigidly fixed, with each individual element attached to the “tooth” of the ridge, which is spaced from the enclosing wall.

Each individual element is attached to the "tooth" of the comb, which is 30-50 mm away from the filter wall.

Separate elements are made with L-shaped section.

Individual elements are made with a V-shaped section.

Individual elements are made with a T-shaped section.

Separate elements are made with a section in the form of an arc.

Separate elements are made in the form of flat plates or strips with a rectangular, trapezoidal, rectangular with rounded edges, rectangular-trapezoidal cross-section.

Drainage-filtering slot device for dehydration of liquid sludge is made in the form of a hollow structure (figure 1), consisting of a frame (item No. 1) of any desired shape, with stiffeners (item No. 3) and enclosing walls (item No. 2), made mainly from sheet material without slots, and sheet material with slotted slots and / or walls made of separate elements forming slotted holes, while the walls forming slotted holes are made of elements IN THE FORM of flat strips, representing, for example, a finished product of rolled metal, or strips made, for example, from ordinary sheet metal, IN THE FORM of elements with a L-shaped section (element No. 16) in (Fig. 8), V-shaped (element No. 18) in (Fig. 9) and T-shaped (element No. 20) on (figure 10), as well as with a section in the form of an ARC (element No. 22) on (figure 11), while slotted slots or slotted holes are located vertically and / or with an inclination, while slotted holes can also be made rectangular, that is, they represent the space between two rectangular elements (element No. 8) (Fig. 4), OR with rounded edges, that is, they represent the space between two elements with rounded edges (element No. 6) on (figure 3), OR are made of plates with a complex composite section representing a rectangle conjugated with a trapezoid (element No. 4) in (figure 2), in the section, the rectangular part is located on the outside of the device, and the adjacent trapezoid on the inside, while the larger base of the trapezoid adjoins the rectangle, and the smaller one is directed inside the device, technically the result is achieved (by chamfering), by milling rectangular elements from the inside, for example, at an angle of predominantly 45 degrees, as a result of fastening such elements at a small distance from each other, usually 1-5 mm (mainly 2 mm), a longitudinal hole is formed in the cross section, which is a rectangle on the outside, and a trapezoid on the inside, the smaller base of which is associated with a rectangle, and the larger one is directed inside the device, forming a kind of socket, OR the slotted holes are made in the form of a trapezoid, then are made of plates with a cross section representing a trapezoid, the large base of which is turned outward, and the smaller one is inward (element No. 12) on (Fig.6) or vice versa, OR the slotted holes are made in the form of an interrupted parabola, the wide side of such an opening is directed inside the device, the narrow the side of the hole in the form of a parabola is directed outward (or vice versa), technologically the result is achieved mainly by cutting slots with a laser or plasma on a sheet of metal 2-12 mm thick (element No. 10) (Fig. 5), OR slotted holes are holes formed by any of the above listed elements of any of the above forms, such as trapezoidal (element No. 12) and rectangular (element No. 8) (Fig.7).

The frame itself (element No. 1) and stiffeners (element No. 3) (figure 1) can be made of elements of any profile, including corner, tees, channel, square or round pipe, round, square or hexagonal rod and others. The stiffeners can be made in the form of a "comb" (element No. 24) on (Fig.12,13), made of sheet material, for example, by plasma or laser cutting from a sheet of metal 5-12 mm thick, the comb can also be made by welding or threaded connection of individual elements from any material, any profile, including pipes, reinforcing bars and others, the comb can be fastened to the filter elements of the device by welding (element No. 25) on (Fig.12,13 a ) or using threaded connections by means of bolts, studs, etc. (element No. 26) on (Fig.13 b, c )

The walls of the device can be made in the form of trapezoids (mostly equilateral) and located with smaller bases in the lower part of the device, and large bases in the upper part, while the device has the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid (Fig.15 a ), or large bases in the lower part of the device, and smaller at the top, then the device will have the shape of a conventional truncated pyramid (Fig. 15 b ), there may also be combinations of walls in the form of trapezoids and rectangular walls (Fig. 15 c, d ) while trapezoidal walls may have in the lower part devices both smaller and larger base of the trapezoid, the number of trapezoidal, rectangular and other walls forming the device is not limited. The presence of filtering holes on all walls of the device is not necessary, part of the walls can be used as a building envelope that is not involved in the filtering process.

According to the second variant of the invention, the walls forming the slotted holes can be made of individual elements with an L-shaped section, as such elements it is supposed to use equilateral and / or non-equilateral corners, it is known that, unlike flat plates, the corners have a much larger longitudinal rigidity, both in bending and torsional, which increases the strength and durability of the structure, and also allows you to increase the distance between the transverse stiffeners of the drainage-filtering slot device, which will facilitate its cleaning, elements with an L-shaped section (element No. 16 ) on (Fig.8) can be joined in any possible way, allowing the formation of longitudinal holes - slotted slots.

The walls forming the slotted holes can be made of separate elements with a V-shaped section, as such elements it is supposed to use equilateral and / or non-equilateral corners, not of a standard shape, that is, with an angle between the sides of more or less than 90 degrees, so the same as elements with an L-shaped section, unlike flat plates, elements with a V-shaped section have a significantly higher longitudinal rigidity, both in bending and in torsion, which increases the strength and durability of the structure, and also allows increase the distance between the transverse stiffeners of the drainage-filtering slotted device, which will facilitate its cleaning, elements with a V-shaped section (element No. 18) in (Fig. 9) can be joined in any possible way, allowing the formation of longitudinal holes - slotted slots.

The walls forming the slotted holes can be made of separate elements with a T-shaped section, as such elements it is supposed to use mainly metal-rolled products of a tee section, or welded products of a similar section, as well as elements with an L-shaped section, in contrast to flat ones. plates, elements with a T-shaped section have a significantly higher longitudinal rigidity, both in bending and torsional, which increases the strength and durability of the structure, and also allows you to increase the distance between the transverse stiffeners of the drainage-filtering slot device, which will facilitate it cleaning, elements with a T-shaped section (element No. 20) on (figure 10) can be joined in any possible way, allowing the formation of longitudinal slotted holes - slots.

The walls forming the slotted holes can be made of separate elements with a section in the form of an ARC of any radius, width and thickness, as such elements it is mainly proposed to use finished metal-rolled products having an arc-shaped cross section (element No. 22) on (Fig.11 ), or, for example, elements obtained by the method of longitudinal cutting of a metal pipe. It is known that, in contrast to flat plates, plates or elements with an arcuate section have greater longitudinal rigidity, bending, and somewhat greater torsional rigidity, which increases the strength and durability of the structure, and also allows you to increase the distance between the transverse stiffeners of the drainage filter. slotted device, which will facilitate its cleaning, unlike elements with an L-shaped and V-shaped section, elements with an arc-shaped section have less weight, but at the same time less rigidity, elements with an arcuate section can be joined in any possible way, allowing form longitudinal holes - slotted slots.

The walls forming the slotted holes can be made of separate elements, which are, for example, flat plates and strips with a cross section of rectangular, trapezoidal, rectangular with rounded edges, rectangular-trapezoidal shape, or other complex shape, the distinguishing feature of the elements is the thickness of the elements from 0.7 to 14 mm, and the aspect ratio of smaller to larger from 1:5 to 1:500, as such elements it is proposed to use finished rolled metal products, elements made of sheet metal, as well as products made of composite and other materials. Unlike the options described above: elements with a L-shaped, V-shaped, T-shaped section and with an ARC-shaped section, flat elements, especially metal ones, are the most accessible, easy to process, weld and threaded. Flat plates, strips can be joined in any possible way, allowing the formation of longitudinal holes - slotted slots.

The walls forming the slotted holes can be made not from strips, but from sheets that are solid elements, the slots in which are made by any known method, including mechanically, as well as by gas welding, plasma, laser, etc. (element No. 10) on (Fig.5), the elements made by this method can significantly speed up and simplify the manufacture of a drainage-filtering slot device, while, unlike other methods for manufacturing slotted holes, they may have slightly worse characteristics in terms of rigidity, durability and ease of cleaning holes and with a small thickness walls may require reinforcement with stiffeners.

In the case of vertical arrangement of slotted holes, the following effects are achieved, first of all, simplicity and convenience in cleaning, easy access to holes and easy cleaning by performing translational vertical movements of any cleaning device or device, as well as self-cleaning of holes under the action of gravity particles of dirt and water will rush down.

If the slotted holes are located not vertically, but for example at an angle of 80 degrees to the horizon, while maintaining the dimensions of the elements and the width of the holes, the throughput of an arbitrary section of the filtering wall will practically not change compared to a similar section of the filtering wall with vertical holes, however, cleaning the holes will be facilitated , being at one point, for example, on the site directly in front of the rectangular drainage and filtering device, (element No. 52) on (Fig. 25), the operator will be able to perform vertical movements to clean the front and rear walls and oblique movements to clean the side walls (downward and up towards you).

Slotted holes can be made rectangular, that is, they represent the space between two rectangular elements (element No. 8) in (figure 4), this is the simplest way to manufacture a slotted well is usually made from finished raw plates having a rectangular section with raw edges, or, for example, from plates cut from a metal sheet by cutting-cutting on a special guillotine, laser cutting and other methods.

Slotted holes can be made with rounded edges, that is, they represent the space between two elements with rounded edges (element No. 6) in (figure 3), this is also one of the most affordable and easiest ways to make a slotted well, usually made from finished plates having a rectangular section and rounded edges, if necessary, elements with rounded edges can be made by rounding the edges of any suitable plates.

The slotted holes can be made in the form of a trapezoid, that is, they are made of plates with a cross section representing a trapezoid, the large base of which is turned outward, and the smaller one is inward (element No. 12) on (Fig.6), unlike plates with rounded edges, this the manufacturing option allows the formation of bridges of particles and provides excellent cutting off of the medium from the outer side of the filter wall from the internal medium. The arrangement of the plates in this way creates a hole in the cross section, which is a trapezoid, the smaller base of which is turned to the external environment, and the larger one to the internal one. An ideal cross section is practically created, a narrow clear entrance cutting off the external environment and an open socket inside, providing an unhindered entry of the filtrate inside.

Slotted holes can be made in the form of a trapezoid, that is, they are made of plates with a cross section that is a trapezoid, the large base of which is turned inward, and the smaller one is turned outward, can also be used to make a filter wall, however, in this case, to ensure the device's operability, it is necessary to strive as much as possible increase the angle of inclination of the trapezoid wall (for example, 70-80 degrees or more).

The slotted holes can be made with a complex composite section, that is, they are made of plates with a complex composite section (element No. 4) in (figure 2), which is a rectangle conjugated with a trapezoid, in the section the rectangular part is located on the outside of the device, and the adjacent trapezoid from the inside, while the larger base of the trapezoid is adjacent to the rectangle, and the smaller one is directed inside the device, technically the result is achieved (by chamfering), milling rectangular elements from the inside, for example, at an angle of 45 degrees, as a result of fastening such elements at a small distance of 1-5 mm from each other, a longitudinal hole is formed, which is a rectangle on the outside, and a trapezoid on the inside, the smaller base of which is associated with a rectangle, and the larger one is directed inside the device, forming a kind of bell. This option is the most optimal due to the formation of a hole that combines the advantages of the above described options, the first is a socket directed inward, providing ease of cleaning and good throughput of the filter wall, the second is not a sharp, but a rectangular edge, providing durable operation of the device and long-term resistance to wear and corrosion.

Slotted holes can be made of plates with a complex composite section, which is a rectangle associated with a trapezoid, in the section the rectangular part is located on the inside of the device, and the adjacent trapezoid is on the outside, while the larger base of the trapezoid is adjacent to the rectangle, and the smaller one is directed outward of the device , technically the result is achieved (by chamfering), by milling rectangular elements from the outside, for example, at an angle of 45 degrees. This design, with a flat edge instead of a sharp one, also provides long-term resistance to wear and corrosion, which compares favorably with the trapezoidal filter wall option, chamfered on one side provides an improvement in throughput compared to a rectangular section.

The slotted holes can be made in the form of an interrupted parabola, the wide side of such a hole is directed into the device, the narrow side of the hole in the form of a parabola is directed outward (element No. plasma, which creates the necessary shape of the cut. This option is similar in its parameters to the option of using a trapezoidal section, a narrow entrance from the outside and a socket inside, while the parabola-shaped section, unlike the trapezoid, has a less sharp edge, and therefore less prone to wear and corrosion, in addition, in the plasma cutting process the edge is subjected to high-temperature hardening, which also increases its strength and durability.

The slotted holes can be made in the shape of an interrupted parabola, the wide side of such a hole is directed outward, and the narrow side of the hole in the form of a parabola is directed inward, in this case the filter wall will also have good enough wear resistance and good throughput, the reverse orientation of the socket may be a disadvantage, a wide opening on the outside and a narrow opening on the inside can prevent the formation of particle bridges and clog from the outside like a funnel when filtering compressible particles.

Slotted holes with a width of 1 to 5 mm are made in an arbitrary shape with an arbitrary cross section using strips of any cross section, from the above described, as well as other similar elements (for example, strips with a groove, notches, holes of various shapes on a rib or plane) , also for the formation of slotted holes, the elements described above with a section of L-shaped, V-shaped and T-shaped, as well as with a section in the form of an arc, can be used. For example, a trapezoidal strip can form a hole together with an arc-shaped element, a rectangular strip can form a hole together with a T-shaped or L-shaped element, for example, with a corner, including the supporting corner of the frame (element No. 1) in (Fig.7 ) and other possible combinations and combinations of elements. The figure 7 shows a variant of a drainage-filtering device with an internal arrangement of stiffeners (element No. 3).

Slotted holes can be made by any of the above methods from any of the above elements made not of metal, but, for example, composite, plastic, ceramic, concrete-polymer reinforced rubber products, etc.

The execution of the walls of the device of a trapezoidal shape and their location with smaller bases in the lower part of the device, and large bases in the upper part, is necessary for self-cleaning of the holes, with a decrease in the level of the dehydrated medium as a result of the removal of the filtrate, fragments of the filtered material may remain on the walls of the device. The shape of an inverted truncated pyramid and the slope of the walls from the vertical axis of the well to the sides (Fig.15 a, c ) will contribute to the independent separation of the remnants of the filtered material from the filter walls of the device and, accordingly, from the slotted holes, in addition, the slope of the walls will provide good access to the filter wall from the inside for inspection and cleaning.

The execution of the walls of the device of a trapezoidal shape and their location with smaller bases in the upper part of the device, and large bases in the lower part (Fig. 15 b, d ), is necessary for easier penetration of the filtrate inside the device, to overcome the standard vertical filtering wall, the filtrate needs to move horizontally in side, and when overcoming the inclined wall, the filtrate should move to the side and down. In practice, this option should provide faster filtering.

The implementation of the stiffening ribs of the frame in the form of a comb (element No. 24) on (Fig.12 and Fig.13) is necessary to ensure the continuity of the filter hole along the entire height of the device, while increasing the effective filtration area, also the stiffening ribs in the form of a comb make it possible to facilitate the cleaning process devices. For example, in the classic version, the filter wall plates are welded to a stiffening rib - a corner with a size of 40 mm or more, respectively, at the place where the corner is attached, the filter hole is interrupted, in the case of a comb, each plate is attached, usually welded to the “tooth” of the comb (item No. 25) on (Fig.12), which is 30-50 mm away from the filter wall, in this case the space between the plates at the place where the stiffener is attached remains free, cleaning can be carried out continuously along the entire length of the filter hole.

Using a comb, other elements described above can also be attached, capable of forming a filter wall, for example, T-shaped elements (element No. , bolts (item No. 26) on (Fig.13 b ) especially when using plates and elements made of non-metal, and in the case shown in figure 13 c shows a possible option for bolting non-metal plates (item No. 4) on ( Fig. 13 c ) to a non-metal stiffening rib in the form of a corner (element No. 3) on (Fig. 13 c ).

The device can be made in the form of a solid hollow structure O-shaped (fig.14 a ), tetrahedral (fig.14 b ) and other shapes, mainly from a large metal pipe (other materials, polymer pipes, pipes made of composite materials are also allowed, pipes made of special heavy-duty concrete with micro-reinforcement, as well as from other materials).

Production of a drainage-filtering slotted device in the form of an integral hollow O-shaped structure, for example, from a metal pipe with a diameter of 1000 mm, cuts 1-5 mm wide are cut in the pipe walls with a laser or plasma. The advantage of this product is the simplicity and speed of manufacture, if the appropriate equipment is available, in addition, given the wall thickness, the durability of such a device should be noted.

Manufacture of a drainage-filtering slotted device in the form of a solid hollow structure of a quadrangular shape, for example, from a square metal pipe with a wall width of 500 mm, cuts 1-8 mm wide are cut in the pipe walls with a laser or plasma. The advantage of this product is the simplicity and speed of manufacture, with the appropriate equipment.

In both versions, slots are made mainly vertically using plasma cutting, usually slots are obtained in the form of a parabola or trapezoid, cutting is performed from the outside, to form a wide socket from the inside, when milling, one should strive to create a rectangular cut with parallel walls, creating a cone, the socket directed to the external environment will contribute to clogging the holes.

In the manufacture of a solid hollow structure not made of metal, the structure and its parts can be made by casting, pressing, turning or 3D printing, the necessary longitudinal holes with a width of 1-8 mm can be formed both during the manufacturing process and as a result of subsequent processing finished structure.

The proposed drainage-filter slot device is illustrated by the following description and drawings.

Figure 1 shows an example of a general view of a device that contains a frame (element No. 1), walls (element No. 2) with vertical slotted holes to provide filtering (part of the walls of the device can act as a fence and be made without holes), horizontal stiffeners (element No. 3) to strengthen the walls.

Figure 2 shows the slotted holes (denoted as element No. 5), in the form of a rectangle associated with a trapezoid, formed when using elements of a rectangular section with chamfered, for example, at an angle of 45 degrees (element No. 4).

Figure 3 shows the slotted holes (designated as element No. 7) formed when using elements with a section in the form of a rectangle with rounded edges (element No. 6).

Figure 4 shows the slotted holes (designated as element No. 9) formed when using elements with a rectangular cross section (element No. 8).

Figure 5 shows slotted holes (designated as item #11), in the form of an interrupted parabola, usually formed during the plasma cutting process of sheet metal (item #10).

Figure 6 shows slotted holes (designated as element #13), in the form of a trapezoid, formed when using elements with a section in the form of a trapezoid (element #12).

Figure 7 shows an example of the formation of a filter wall (element No. 14), from elements with different sectional shapes (element No. 1, No. 4, No. 6, No. 8, No. 12) welded to stiffeners (element No. 3) with the formation of slotted holes of various shapes (designated as element No. 15 a , No. 15 b , No. 15 c, No. 15 g) .

Figure 8 shows one of the possible options for the formation of slotted holes (denoted as element No. 17), in the manufacture of the filter wall from L-shaped elements (element No. 16), in this case, metal corners with different long sides are presented.

Figure 9 shows one of the options for the formation of slotted holes (designated as element No. 19), in the manufacture of the filter wall from V-shaped elements (element No. 18), in this example, from equilateral corners, the angle between the sides is 110 degrees.

Figure 10 shows one of the options for the formation of slotted holes (designated as element No. 21), in the manufacture of the filter wall from T-shaped elements (element No. 20), in this case, from a metal profile of a tee section.

Figure 11 shows one of the options for the formation of slotted holes (denoted as element No. 23), in the manufacture of the filter wall from elements in the form of an arc (element No. 22).

Figure 12 shows a variant of fastening the frame stiffener in the form of a comb (element No. 24), using spot or seam welding (element No. 25) to the elements of the filter wall in the form of plates (element No. 4), the comb (element No. 24) provides stability of the overall design of the device and at the same time ensures reliable fixation of the plates (element No. 4) in a stable position relative to each other, which in turn form longitudinal holes of the filter wall with specified dimensions.

Figure 13 shows a variant of fastening the frame stiffener, in the form of a comb (element No. 24): (Fig. 13 a ) - using spot or seam welding (element No. 25) to the elements of the filter wall in the form of T-shaped elements (element No. 20), (Fig. 13 b ) - with the help of a threaded connection, in this case with bolts (element No. 26), to the elements of the filtering wall in the form of plates (element No. 4). Additionally, (Fig. 13 c ) shows a possible option for attaching standard metal or, for example, non-standard composite plates (element No. 4), using a threaded connection with bolts (element No. 26), to a stiffener (element No. 3) made of a metal corner or as an option from composite materials.

Figure 14 shows an example of a drainage-filtering device. The device is made mainly of a metal round tube (item No. 27) (Fig.14 a ) and a square tube (item No. 28) (Fig.14 b ) with slots (indicated as item No. 11), a width of 1 to 8 mm, made using, for example, plasma cutting.

Figure 15 shows a schematic representation of a drainage-filtering device made with trapezoidal walls in various combinations with various spatial arrangements. (fig.15 a ) four trapezoidal walls (inverted truncated pyramid), (fig.15 b ) four trapezoidal walls (ordinary truncated pyramid), (fig.15 c ) two trapezoidal and two rectangular walls (narrowing at the bottom), (fig. 15 g ) two trapezoidal and two rectangular walls (narrowing at the top).

On Fig presents a schematic representation of the drainage-filtering devices, made in the form of attached structures of various shapes. On (fig.16 a ) and on (fig.16 g ) a U-shaped structure is presented, consisting of three filter walls (element No. 2) made by any of the methods described above, the concrete wall of the slide drainage system acts as the fourth wall (Fig. .16 a ) the gates are completely dismantled, or the concrete well of the "monk" type (fig. 16 d ) the boards regulating the overflow on the "monk" well are completely dismantled; 40). On (Fig.16 b ) shows a trapezoidal (in cross section) design of one filtering wall (element No. 2) and two non-filtering side walls (without holes), while all three walls are movably connected using hinges (element No. 29), which makes it possible to compactly transport the folded structure and simplify the positioning of the structural elements during installation, for example, to a concrete well, in this case, a “monk” type well.

On (fig.16 in ) shows a simple filter wall (element No. 2) made by any of the methods described above, installed in a drainage well of the "monk" type instead of wooden boards.

On ( Fig.16e ) shows a fragment of a hollow O-shaped structure (element No. 31) (round pipe) with longitudinal holes made by any of the methods described above, attached to a concrete well, in this case, a “monk” type well for filtering.

On (Fig.16 e ) presents a complex structure in cross-section, consisting of one wide central filtering wall (element No. 2) and two non-filtering side auxiliary elements (without holes) of L-shaped section, while all three walls are connected movably using hinges (item No. 29), which makes it possible to compactly transport the folded structure and simplify the positioning of the structural elements during installation, for example, to a concrete well in this case, a “monk” type well.

On Fig.17 shows one of the options for a prefabricated well (Fig.17 in ), pre-made modules of a certain size (for example, four-walled fragments of the well) ( Fig.17a ), ( Fig.17b ), can be joined in any known way, mainly with using bolts (element No. 26), by bolting stiffeners (element No. 3) of finished modules ( Fig.17a ), ( Fig.17b ), for the purpose of, for example, increasing the height of the drainage-filtering device, the modules, if necessary, can be made of various materials, have both filtering walls (element No. 2) and non-filtering solid walls, can be equipped with hinges (element No. 29 in Fig.16). Modules can be of any shape, including U-shaped, semicircular, trapezoidal and other shapes, modules or ready-made drainage and filtering devices can have any number of filtering and non-filtering walls. Similar to the modules (fig.17 a ), (fig.17 b ) by any known method, mainly with the help of bolts (element No. 26), the walls (element No. 2) of the filter device can be joined to each other (fig.17 d ), by connecting the ribs stiffness (element No. 3) and / or frame elements (element No. 1), or any other elements of the filtering device, for example, non-filtering walls, embedded parts in concrete structures that are part (support or wall) of the filtering device. In contrast to the fastening of elements by welding (element No. 25 in Fig. 12 a ), bolts (element No. 26) are provided for connecting non-metal elements, for example, elements made of composite materials, plastic, reinforced rubber, etc.

Figure 18 shows options for installing and fixing a drainage filtering device on a concrete (asphalt, or other) base of a silt pad (map).

Installation of the device with the help of weights (Fig. 18 a ), the lower part of the frame of the device is equipped with additional elements (welded by welding, bolted, or simply overhead-clamping longitudinal elements of any section with sufficient rigidity), which work as weights (element No. 32 ) are installed, mainly concrete blocks. Installing the device using anchors (item No. 34) (Fig.18 b ), differs from the option (Fig.18 a ) in that instead of weights, anchors (element No. 34) are used, if necessary, pre-installed and fixed in concrete pouring (element No. 33 ). Both options, if calculated correctly, provide reliable fixation of the drainage-filtering device at the bottom of the sludge bed (map). When installing the device on the bottom of the sludge map, without draining the filtrate into the drainage, the filtrate is removed using submersible pumps, for effective pumping of the filtrate at the bottom of the device, a pit can be made (element No. 35) (Fig. 18 a ).

Figure 19 shows the possible options for the foundation - the bottom of the drainage-filtering device (element No. 36 a, b, c, d, d ) (made mainly of concrete), Fig. 19 a (element No. 37 a ) - horizontal flat bottom with a filtrate outlet (item No. 39 ) located predominantly , but not necessarily in the center of the structure; the recessed part of the structure, in Fig.19 in (element No. 37 in ) - a gable bottom with a hole for draining the filtrate (element No. 39) located mainly in the deepest part of the structure, in Fig.19 g (element No. 37 g ) - a four-slope bottom with a hole for draining the filtrate (element No. 39) located mainly in the deepest part of the structure, in Fig.19 d (element No. 37 d ) - a rounded bottom with a hole for draining the filtrate (element No. 39) located mainly in the deepest part of the structure, in all images (item #40) a drain pipe to remove the filtrate from the device.

Figure 20 shows possible options for the bottom part of the drainage-filtering device, made mainly of metal, with the filtrate discharged directly (through a coupling, or another connection option) directly into the pipeline (element No. No. 38 a ) - a horizontal flat bottom, in Fig. 20 b (element No. 38 b ) - an inclined flat bottom, in Fig. 20 in (element No. 38 in ) - a gable bottom, in Fig. 20 g (element No. 38 g ) - four-slope bottom, in Fig.20 d (element No. 38 d ) - rounded bottom, in Fig.20 e (element No. 38 e ) - the bottom part in the form of a box of arbitrary shape for the accumulation and removal of filtrate into the drainage pipeline (element No. 40) for example in the lateral direction, at the inlet to the drainage pipeline (item no. 40), it is recommended to install a protective grate against large debris (item no. 44). Figure 20 shows arbitrary options for fastening the device on the basis of the silt pad with weights (item No. 32) and anchors (item No. 34).

Figure 21 shows options for arranging the bottom part of the drainage-filtering device when it is installed above the bottom drainage trench (item No. 43), on (fig. 21 a ) the bottom part of the device is made mainly of metal, possible manufacturing options are shown in (fig. 20 ), the lower part of the device is connected to the pipeline that drains the filtrate (element No. 40) by any known method, for example, the bottom part of the device is made with a branch pipe, which is connected through a coupling (element No. 48) to the drainage pipeline (element No. 40), after installing the coupling and sealing the connection, the space in the drainage trench under the device is filled with drainage loading (crushed stone, sand) according to the project. On (fig.21 b ), (fig.21 in ) and (fig.21 d ) the space in the bottom drainage trench (item No. 43) located directly under the drainage-filtering device is completely freed from the drainage load (crushed stone, sand) and fenced off in any available way, for example, with a sheet of metal (Fig.21 b ) (item No. 41), or as an option with brickwork (Fig.21 in ) , (Fig.21 d ) (element No. 42). On (fig.21 b ) a fragment of the pipeline (element No. 40) under the drainage-filtering device is partially cut off, the arch of the pipe, the upper part of the section is removed, so that the lower, remaining part of the pipe forms a tray that discharges the filtrate into the pipeline (element No. 40) , to protect against debris, the formed tray is covered with a horizontal protective grill (element No. 45). On (fig.21 in ) a fragment of the drainage pipeline (item No. 40) under the drainage filtering device after processing by any known method (drilling, processing by gas welding, plasma, etc.), is converted into (element No. 46) a drainage pipe with increased holes of arbitrary shape, which allows to accelerate the removal of the filtrate from the device, on (Fig.21 d ) a fragment of the drainage pipeline (item No. 40) under the drainage filtering device is completely removed, the entry and exit points of the pipeline (element No. 40) under the drainage filtering device closed with vertical protective gratings from debris (item No. 44).

Figure 22 shows the possible options for connecting to the drainage pipeline (element No. 40) (made mainly of concrete) foundation - the bottom of the drainage and filtering device (element No. 36), in Fig.22 a (element No. 36 a ) the foundation is hipped bottom with drainage water discharge into the pipeline passing from the side of the drainage filtering device, in Fig.22 b (element No. 36 b ) foundation - four-slope bottom with drainage water discharge into the pipeline passing directly through the foundation - the bottom of the drainage filtering device, in Fig. .22 in (element No. 36 in ) the foundation is a gable bottom with the drainage of drainage water into the pipeline passing from below, under the drainage and filtering device, in Fig.22 d (element No. 36 d ) the foundation is a flat bottom with the drainage of drainage water into the pipeline passing from above, through the walls of the drainage-filtering device, through the seal (element No. 47).

Fig. 23 shows possible options for installing a drainage filtering device without a foundation and a silt pad (map) with drainage water diverted to the drainage water collection system, Fig. 23 a (item No. 38 b ) - an inclined bottom at the bottom point of which through the hole , closed with a grate (element No. 44), the filtrate from the device enters the drainage pipeline (element No. 40), the filtrate discharges into the well of the drainage system (element No. 65) located outside the sludge area (card), for the convenience of connecting the device and the pipeline, a coupling can be used ( element No. 48), in Fig.23 b (element No. 38 e ) - the bottom part in the form of a box of arbitrary shape for the accumulation and removal of the filtrate into the drainage pipeline (element No. 40) the discharge of the filtrate into the bottom drainage trench (element No. 43), on fig.23 c (element No. 38 g ) - a four-slope bottom at the lower point of which, through a hole closed with a protective grill (element No. 44), the filtrate from the device enters the drainage pipeline (element No. 40), which discharges the filtrate into the bottom drainage trench (element No. 43 ).

On Fig.24 shows possible options for installing a drainage filtering device, with a submersible pump for pumping out the filtrate (item No. 66) in a silt pad (map) filled with sludge or other liquid, in Fig.24 a drainage filtering device is pressed and fixed on the base sludge platform with weights (element No. 32), for ease of installation of the device with weights, a special metal truss is welded (element No. buoyancy modules (element No. 50), for example, PET barrels or other, for the convenience of installing a drainage and filtering device with a pallet, a special metal truss (element No. 51) is welded into the sludge bed.

Figure 25 shows a possible installation option in the sludge pad (map) drainage-filtering device, equipped (for inspection and maintenance of the device) with a platform (item No. 52) with external fences (element No. 54) and internal fences (element No. 55), ladder (element No. 53) with railings (element No. 56). The platform (element No. 52) is installed on the device from above (it is fixed mainly by welding or bolts), for the reliability of fastening and the strength of the entire structure, preferably the corners of the platform (element No. 52) by means of additional supports (element No. 57) are attached to the stiffeners of the device, mainly so that the angle α - the angle of inclination of the support (element No. 57) with respect to the vertical elements of the frame was less than 45 degrees. In addition to the anchors (item No. 34) that secure the device to the bottom of the sludge bed (card), to increase stability, it is recommended to fix the ladder (item No. 60) to the edge of the sludge area (card), while the angle β - the angle between the "thrust-stop" (element No. 58) and the edge of the sludge area (card) is recommended to be less than 70 degrees for maximum efficiency. Inside the drainage-filtering device, at an arbitrary angle at an equal distance from each other (usually 0.3 m), along the entire height of the device, steps of arbitrary width are attached (usually welded) from elements of arbitrary section (element No. drainage and filtering device, for example, to repair or clear blockages. To remove the leachate from the device, a submersible pump (item No. 66) is provided, usually the pump pumps the filtered water into a nearby well of the drainage system.

On Fig. 26 a, b, c presents the possible options for installing a drainage filtering device in a multi-level silt pad (map), the number of levels is not limited, the number and size of sludge sites (maps) at one level is not limited, the size and number of drainage and filtering devices on the same site is not limited. The devices can be attached to the base by any known method, the filtrate can also be removed from the devices by any available method, including through a hole (item No. 39) in the flat bottom of the device, followed by drainage into the drainage water pipeline (item No. 40).

Fig. 26a shows a possible installation of a drainage and filtering device in the form of a standard parallelepiped with four filter walls in a multi-level silt pad (map), the number of levels is not limited, the height of the devices is not limited, the devices are attached to the base, for example, by welding to embedded parts built-in into the base of the sludge area, the bottom of the device can have any configuration (see Fig.19,20,22), the removal of the filtrate from the device can also be carried out by any of the methods described above, for example, through a hole (item No. 39) in the flat bottom of the device, with subsequent drainage of drainage water into the pipeline system (element No. 40).

On Fig.26 b shows a possible installation of a drainage-filtering device in the form of a "longitudinal gallery" in a multi-level silt pad (map), the number of levels is not limited, the height of the devices is not limited, in fact, the "longitudinal gallery" is an elongated drainage-filtering device, both longitudinal walls of the device can be filtering, for example, if the gallery is located in the center of the sludge area, or only one longitudinal wall, if, for example, the gallery is installed near the wall of the sludge area, the "longitudinal gallery" performs the same functions as the device in the form of a parallelepiped on figure 26a , while it is advisable to use several holes to drain the filtrate (element No. 39).

On Fig.26 in shows a possible installation option for a drainage filtering device in the form of a flat filter element (consists of elements No. 2, No. 3), located on the same level with the base of the silt pad (card), the number of levels is not limited, the area of the filter element is is not limited, in fact, a flat filter element replaces the traditional bottom drainage of sand and gravel, cleaning in this case can be done mechanically in any way possible, it is advisable to use a system of several holes to collect and drain the filtrate (element No. 39).

The drainage-filtering slot device is a hollow spatial structure, consisting of a frame with stiffeners and enclosing walls, forming mainly a well (Figure 1) or a semi-well, assembled, preferably on a metal frame, from elements equipped with vertical, inclined - slotted slots , made of a rectangular shape, or in the form of an interrupted parabola, or assembled from walls made of separate elements forming slotted holes, while the walls are made of separate elements L-shaped or V-shaped, or T-shaped, or in the form of an arc , as well as from metal strips with a rectangular section, with a trapezoidal section and other possible sections, including complex shapes (Fig. 2-11).

Separate prepared elements and, if necessary, solid sheets of metal (without slots and slots) are assembled into a box, which can have any number of walls (3-6, etc.), most often a rectangle is made with from 1 to 4 slotted walls.

In the manufacture of an attached drainage-filtering slot device, a U-shaped (Fig. 16 a, d ) or a trapezoidal semi-box (Fig. 16 b ) is most often formed from prepared slot elements, while the elements can be connected rigidly (Fig. 16 a, d ), or hinged (Fig.16 b ), when retrofitting existing drainage systems, just one flat filter element can also be used Fig.16 in ), or for example, semicircular (Fig.16 e ), can also be assembled from elements attached filter structures of arbitrary configuration (Fig.16 e ).

In the manufacture of the frame, you can use a corner with a size of, for example, 50x50 mm, while the maximum distance between the horizontal stiffeners should not exceed 500 mm, otherwise the possibility of deformation and displacement of the slotted elements relative to each other increases and, as a result, violation of the size of the slots. Slotted elements are not welded together, but welded to the stiffener. Welding must be carried out by a professional welder, the seams must be well welded, since the separation of even one slotted element disrupts the operation of the drainage-filtering slotted device.

In the preferred embodiment of the device, the filter elements are welded to the stiffening rib in the form of a comb (Fig.12), (Fig.13), consisting of a horizontal rib and vertically arranged ribs, while the comb is recommended to be made of sheet metal by plasma cutting. It is recommended to use a sheet of metal with a thickness of more than 8 mm, the width of the "comb" elements can be chosen arbitrarily. It is allowed to manufacture the comb in other ways, welding, stamping, casting, etc.

When assembling the device from solid metal sheets with cut holes, the sheets must be strengthened by welding an angle of 40-50 mm from the outside, at a distance of no more than 500 mm from each other.

For the manufacture of slits with rounded edges can be used finished plates with rounded edges (see Fig.3).

Various elements (plates, T-profiles, angles, arc profiles, etc.) and various materials can be used to make filter holes.

The preferred option is a section representing a trapezoid combined with a rectangle, which is obtained by successive milling of plates perpendicularly and then obliquely, this shape provides effective filtering, easier cleaning and durability (wear resistance) of the structure.

The thickness of the metal for cutting slots or making plates can vary from 1.3 mm to 8 mm. The distance between the slots when cutting, or the width of the plates when assembling, can vary from 8 mm to 100 mm.

The assembly of the finished device can take place at the manufacturer's factory by welding, but if necessary, it can be delivered in the form of a prefabricated constructor, which is assembled immediately before installation in the working position at the customer's site, the elements are connected by welding or bolts.

At the discretion of the customer, it can be supplied in the form of a set of ready-made slotted and non-slotted (structural) walls, as well as ready-made slotted rings or half rings. Slip rings or half rings can also be supplied as separate slotted elements in any width (recommended diameter from 600 mm to 1200 mm) and any height (recommended from 300 mm to 2000 mm).

The proposed device works as follows.

The operation of the device is based on the process of mechanical filtering, the so-called surface filtration, in which all impurities are separated, all particles larger than the size of the filter surface slots, and smaller ones due to the bridging process. When filling the sludge pad (card) at different levels in the sludge layer, layers of separated water are formed, which enters the device through the slotted holes and then into the drainage pipeline in one way or another, for example, through a two-, four-pitched funnel, or through a pit, with a submersible pump (Fig. 25, item No. 66), pumping water from the device into the well, or pipeline of the drainage system.

When the slots (slits) are clogged, they are cleaned from the inside of the frame by any known method, for example, with a metal flag attached to a pole. Such a device is easy to manufacture in any mechanical workshop.

Due to the location of the filter holes along the entire height of the device, the process of removing sludge water occurs continuously along the entire height of the sediment, regardless of the filling level of the site.

The filtering device works effectively even at negative temperatures down to minus -10 °C and below, due to the fact that the temperature of the incoming sludge is usually not lower than plus 14-16 °C, at negative temperatures below 16 °C, work can continue on sludge sites with bottom drainage.

Depending on the type of foundation of the sludge pad (or sludge map), the device can be fixed using anchors, weights, can be concreted at the installation site, attached to existing structures and elements, for example, to “monk” wells or to the foundations of dismantled “crushed stone wells” and other.

Consider an example of installing a drainage-filtering slotted device on a natural base (clay, compacted soil, etc.) with a foundation.

The device, mainly in the form of a hollow parallelepiped without a bottom, is installed on the foundation and fixed with bolts, anchors, welding, the junction of the device and the foundation is sealed by any known method, and during installation, the device can be poured into concrete during the foundation manufacturing process.

The foundation is made in such a way that either just a flat bottom is formed (Fig.19 a ), or a flat bottom with a slope (Fig.19 b ), or most often two- (Fig.19 c ) and a four-slope bottom as shown in (Fig. 19 d ), it is allowed to manufacture a foundation with a rounded bottom as shown in (Fig. 19 d ), in the absence of access to the drainage pipeline, a pit is usually made in the foundation (see Fig. 18, item No. 35), for installing a submersible pump (see Fig. 25, item #66), for pumping the filtrate from the device into the drainage system.

If there is access to the drainage pipeline, the foundation can be made in several ways, for example, in the form of a four-pitched funnel with a side connection to a nearby pipe of the drainage system (Fig. 22 a ), with a vertical connection to the drainage pipe with the filtrate discharged directly to the pipe (Fig. 22 b ), with a vertical connection to the drainage pipe with the filtrate drained through the pipe connecting the foundation funnel to the drainage pipe (Fig. 22 c ), the least optimal option is to make the foundation under the drainage pipe, with the filtrate drained from the device into the drainage pipe passing directly through the walls in the lower part drainage-filtering device (Fig.22 g ).

Foundations can be of any arbitrary shape and size, they can be made, for example, of bricks, concrete blocks and other building elements,

can be made with or without a pit, with any bottom slope or without a slope, with outlet holes of any shape, located anywhere in the foundation.

The main unifying feature of all foundations is to ensure the stability of the device during operation from overturning and subsidence, ascent and other types of displacement of the device from a given design position.

The second sign is to ensure the tightness of the lower part of the device and to prevent sludge or filtrate from entering the inside of the device in any other way than filtering (filtering) through slotted holes (slots).

The foundation can also be made in the form of a combined structure consisting of a concrete base and metal elements, including, for example, a metal bottom of any shape and size (with one or more holes, with pits and gutters, etc.)

Consider an example of installing a drainage-filtering slotted device on a natural base (clay, compacted soil, etc.) without a foundation.

The device (usually in the form of a hollow parallelepiped with a bottom), is installed on a natural base and fixed in place with the help of the so-called "weights", most often concrete blocks are used for this purpose (see Fig. 18 a , element No. 32), also for fastening the structure, anchors can be used, for example, cast into concrete (see Fig.18 b , element No. 34 and No. 33). When installing the device without a foundation on a natural base, to ensure tightness, the drainage-filtering device is made, as a rule, with an all-metal bottom of arbitrary shape. The simplest option is a flat bottom with a pit (see Fig.18b , element No. 35) for installing a submersible pump for pumping out the filtrate. If possible, in a natural base under the device, excavation is made to accommodate a catchment funnel, which simultaneously acts as a hermetically attached bottom of the device, (Fig. 20 a , element No. .20 b , element No. 38 b ) sloping bottom with a hole for draining the filtrate into the drainage pipeline, (Fig. 20 c, element No. 38 c ) gable bottom, (Fig. 20 g, element No. 38 g ) four-slope bottom, (Fig. .20 e, element No. 38 e ) rounded bottom, (Fig.20 e element No. 38 e ) the bottom part is made in the form of a box of arbitrary shape for accumulation and removal of filtrate into the drainage pipeline.

Consider an example of installing a drainage-filtering slotted device on a bottom drainage trench.

The device (usually in the form of a hollow parallelepiped) is installed on the edge of the bottom drainage trench and fixed with anchors that are screwed into the concrete edge of the drainage trench (Fig. devices.

If there is a whole drainage trench that has not been destroyed, it is allowed to install a device with a bottom of any arbitrary shape with the filtrate drained through the pipe into the bottom drainage pipe located at the bottom of the drainage trench (Fig. 21 a ), in addition, it is allowed to install the device without a bottom, the filtrate immediately enters the trench bottom drainage, while the space under the device is freed from the drainage load (sand, crushed stone, etc.) a space is formed under the device for receiving and accumulating the filtrate, in order to avoid the ingress of loading material (sand, crushed stone) into the drainage pipe, a fragment of the drainage trench under the device is fenced off on both sides by retaining walls, usually made of sheet metal (Fig. 21 b ), or, for example, brickwork (Fig. 21 c, d ), as a result, a space free from crushed stone loading is formed under the device, the filtrate is filtered through the drainage holes the filtering device immediately enters the space under the device, to increase the rate of filtrate removal, the upper arch of the bottom drainage pipe is cut off, the remaining lower part of the pipe forms a tray that discharges the filtrate into the drainage pipeline, the tray is closed from above with gratings to protect against debris and animals (Fig.21 b ) to increase the rate of filtrate removal, the drainage pipe, after processing by any available means, acquires additional holes, and the existing holes increase in size (Fig. 21 in ), thus, the area of the holes can be increased by 2-4 times and, accordingly, the rate of filtrate removal is increased compared to with an untreated pipe, to increase the rate of filtrate removal, the drainage pipe in the space under the device can be removed completely, the entry and exit points of the pipe from the space under the device are closed with gratings to protect against debris and animals (Fig. 21d ), as a result, the incoming filtrate will accumulate in the resulting space and discharged through the protective grate into the drainage pipe.

Consider an example of installing a drainage-filtering slot device directly on a drainage pipe.

When installing a device (usually in the form of a hollow parallelepiped) on a drainage pipe, holes are provided in the walls of the device that provide an “entrance” and “exit” of the drainage pipe into the internal space of the device, the place of “entrance” and “exit” of the pipe is carefully sealed, for convenience it is possible use flange connections (Fig.22d, item No. 47). The section of the drainage pipe inside the device is processed, the existing holes are drilled to a larger size in the same way (Fig. 21 c ), or for maximum drainage efficiency, the upper arch of the pipe is cut off in the same way (Fig. 21 b ), or the pipe fragment is cut out completely in the same way (Fig. 21 d ). In any case, after the installation of the device, the entry of sludge or filtrate into the internal space of the device should be possible only through special filter openings in the slotted walls.

Consider an example of installing a drainage-filtering slotted device on an artificial base (concrete, asphalt, slabs, etc.).

A drainage-filtering slot device, for example, in the form of a hollow parallelepiped without a bottom, is installed on an artificial base and fixed with anchors (Fig. 18 b ), followed by sealing the junction, or installed in specially prepared recesses in an artificial base similar in shape to those that are presented in (Fig.19 a, b, c, d ), fixed there by any known method, followed by sealing the joint, for example, concreted, the device can also be installed using weights (Fig. 18 a ).

When installing the device, it is important to ensure a completely hermetic connection of the device to the base, if this is not achievable, the device must be equipped with a bottom that is hermetically connected to the walls, in any case, sludge or filtrate should enter the device only through slotted holes in the walls of the device. When working on an asphalt base, it is necessary to increase the reliability of fastening the device, in view of the low strength of asphalt.

A private option for installing the device on an artificial base is the installation option next to the bottom drainage trench (Fig. 23), for the greatest efficiency of leachate removal, it is recommended to open and remove a small section of the artificial base of the sludge platform before installing the device to install the bottom of the device, mainly welded from the metal of the catchment funnels (boxes) similar in appearance and functionality to those presented in (Fig.20). In addition, it will be necessary to remove part of the artificial coating for laying the pipeline connecting the drainage and filtering device with the bottom drainage trench, or with the drainage well located outside the sludge area (Fig. 23 item No. 65).

Consider an example of the reconstruction of an existing filtration or drainage system by installing filter elements with slotted holes.

Drainage-filtering slotted device, mainly in the form of a trapezoid or "U" shaped structure, which is part of a parallelepiped, is installed (mounted) to existing vertical filtering or drainage devices such as: gate walls, concrete wells with a wall of boards, wells with crushed stone or other filter media, concrete wells with holes, overflow walls and other means and devices designed for dehydration, filtration and/or decantation of liquids during settling or storage of sludge and suspensions in sludge beds and similar structures.

Depending on the shape and size of the existing structure, as well as depending on the size of the sludge area (map), the optimal size and shape of the drainage-filtering slot device is selected. Typically, the device completely covers the surface of an existing filtration (or decanter) system.

For example, a “P”-shaped structure is installed in front of the gate wall (Fig. 16a ), in front of the decanting wall of the concrete well “monk” (boards to control the height of the overflow are removed) (Fig. 16 d ) or in front of the decanting wall of the concrete well “monk” ( Fig.16b ). It is also allowed to install a separate filtering slotted element (Fig. 16 in ), which is installed instead of the decanting wall of the concrete well "monk" and provides a filtration process along the entire height of the device, instead of decanting (overflowing through the top board), to increase the filtration area can enlarged filtering structures can be installed (Fig. 16 e ), in addition, for the reconstruction of the “monk” well, a fragment of a large-section pipe with slots can be used (Fig. 16 e ).

Consider an example of installing a drainage-filtering slot device in a silt pad (map) filled with sludge.

A drainage-filtering slotted device, usually in the form of a hollow parallelepiped with a bottom, is installed on the bottom of the sludge platform together with a submersible pump (Fig.24, item No. 66) and with weights ( Fig.24a , item No. 32), if necessary, to ensure stability, the device is additionally fixed or fixed with rods, cables, or rigid structures from tipping over. Most often, a metal ladder (Fig. 25, element No. 53) connects the top of the device with the edge of the sludge platform and provides stability against tipping "forward" and "back", and additional side cables or rigid struts (rods) (Fig. 25, element No. 58) provide stability against lateral rollover. The advantage will be the presence of concrete wells and supports previously installed in the site, with embedded metal parts, this will allow the device to be fixed as rigidly as possible in the filled site.

A drainage-filtering slotted device, usually in the form of a hollow parallelepiped with a bottom, mainly up to 1200 mm deep, is installed on a floating vehicle (pontoon) with the necessary ladders and fences, a submersible pump is installed inside (Fig.24, item No. 66), this device allows you to effectively pump out free water with a low content of suspended solids from the sludge bed, and, if necessary, the liquid fraction of the sludge; to service the device, the pontoon is pulled onto the dam with the help of cables or a crane, etc.

Consider an example of installing a drainage-filtering device equipped with a ladder, a platform and fences.

A drainage-filtering slot device, usually in the form of a hollow parallelepiped (Fig.25) with or without a bottom, is installed on the base of the silt pad (natural or artificial, with or without a foundation) is fixed in any available way, the device is equipped with a ladder, (item No. 53 ) and a platform for inspection and maintenance of the device (element No. 52), the gangway and the platform are equipped with enclosing structures (element No. 54,55,56), for reliability, the inspection platform is equipped with additional supports (element No. 57), from capsizing or rolling the entire device is held by a rigid metal ladder (element No. 53) and special tie rods (element No. 58), steps are welded inside the device (element No. 61) that allow, if necessary, to go down inside the device and climb up, in the absence of access to the drainage pipeline inside the site, the device equipped with a submersible pump (item No. 66) pumping the filtrate into the drainage system.

Consider an example of installing a drainage-filtering slot device on a multi-level silt pad (Fig.26).

A drainage-filtering slotted device, for example, in the form of a hollow parallelepiped without a bottom, is installed on an artificial base in a specially prepared place and fixed during the pouring of the concrete floor ( Fig.26a , element No. 62). After installing the device, a concrete bottom is poured inside the device with a hole for draining the filtrate ( Fig.26a , element No. 39). The filtrate from all devices from all levels is collected in a single drainage system and sent for treatment.

Drainage-filtering slotted device, for example, in the form of a longitudinal gallery, is installed on an artificial base in a specially prepared place and is fixed in the process of pouring the concrete floor ( Fig.26b , element No. 62). After installing the device, a concrete bottom is poured inside the device with several holes to drain the filtrate (Fig. 26 b , element No. 39). The filtrate from all devices from all levels is collected in a single drainage system.

Drainage-filtering slotted device, for example, in the form of a flat filter element located on the same level with the base of the silt pad (map), the number of levels is not limited, the area of the filter element is also not limited, in fact, a flat filter element replaces traditional bottom drainage from sand and gravel , cleaning in this case can be done mechanically by any available method, it is advisable to use a system of several holes to collect and drain the filtrate (Fig.26 in , element No. 39).

Although embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended that these embodiments illustrate and describe all possible embodiments of the invention. Rather, the words used in the description are words of description, not limitation, and it should be understood that various changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. Drainage-filtering slot device for dehydration of liquid sludge generated at treatment facilities in wastewater treatment processes, made in the form of a hollow structure consisting of a frame (1) with stiffeners (3), characterized in that it contains at least one enclosing a wall (2) made of solid sheet material with longitudinal slots along the entire height of the device, while the slots are located vertically and / or with a vertical slope, and the distance between the horizontal stiffeners (3) is not more than 500 mm. 2. Drainage-filtering slot device according to claim 1, characterized in that the enclosing walls of the device are made of a trapezoidal shape and are located with smaller bases in the lower part of the device, and large bases in the upper part, while the enclosing walls are inclined from the vertical axis to the sides. 3. Drainage-filtering slot device according to claim 1, characterized in that steps are fixed inside the drainage-filtering device. 4. Drainage-filtering slotted device according to claim 1, characterized in that the slotted slots are made in a rectangular shape or in the form of a truncated parabola. 5. Drainage-filtering slot device for dehydration of liquid sludge generated at treatment facilities in wastewater treatment processes, made in the form of a hollow structure consisting of a frame (1) with stiffeners (3), characterized in that it contains at least one enclosing a wall (2) made of separate elements forming slotted holes along the entire height of the device, forming slotted holes along the entire height of the device, while the individual elements are rigidly fixed to the stiffeners (3) with the formation of slotted holes, while at least one stiffener (3) is made in the form of a comb (24), consisting of a horizontal rib and perpendicularly located ribs, to which individual elements are rigidly fixed, while each individual element is fixed to the “tooth” of the comb (25), which is spaced from the enclosing wall (2) . 6. Drainage-filtering slot device for dehydration of liquid sludge according to claim 5, characterized in that each individual element is fixed to the "tooth" of the ridge, which is 30-50 mm away from the filter wall. 7. Drainage-filtering slot device for dehydration of liquid sludge according to claim 5, characterized in that the individual elements are made with an L-shaped section. 8. Drainage-filtering slot device for dehydration of liquid sludge according to claim 5, characterized in that the individual elements are made with a V-shaped section. 9. Drainage-filtering slot device for dehydration of liquid sludge according to claim 5, characterized in that the individual elements are made with a T-shaped section. 10. Drainage-filtering slot device for dehydration of liquid sludge according to claim 5, characterized in that the individual elements are made with a section in the form of an arc. 11. Drainage-filtering slot device for dehydration of liquid sludge according to claim 5, characterized in that the individual elements are made in the form of flat plates or strips with a cross section of rectangular, trapezoidal, rectangular with rounded edges, rectangular-trapezoid shape.