RU166674U1 - SIMULATOR FOR RESTORATION OF VISUAL MEMORY AND ATTENTION IN PATIENTS OF A NEUROLOGICAL CLINIC - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A simulator for training to restore visual memory and attention in patients of a neurological clinic, characterized in that it contains a base cover 470-500 × 220-250 mm in size, which includes a central part and two movable leaves, while the central part contains rigidly a transparent pocket fixed at its perimeter with a depth of 7-10 mm, and the right movable leaf contains rigidly fixed through gaskets 2-3 mm thick, made of transparent plastic 2-3 mm thick, a working plate, on the upper surface of which A set of dark-colored contour lines protruding from 0.5 to 1 mm shows a transparent image, while gaskets fixed on the left, upper and lower sides of the working plate form a compartment 2-3 mm high with a gap gap between the working plate and the right movable shutter located on the right side of the compartment. 2. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the dimensions of the transparent pocket are 2-3 mm larger than the dimensions of a standard sheet of paper of A5 format (148 × 210 mm) .3. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper side of the transparent pocket is made beveled. 4. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the contour lines are made of dark plastic and have a width of 0.5-1 mm. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the right movable leaf, located under the working plate, has a light color. 6. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal dimensions of the compartment along the length and width exceed 1-2 mm the dimensions of a printed sheet of paper of A5 format (148 × 210 mm).

Description

This useful model relates to medicine, to the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting classes to restore impaired visual memory and visual attention in patients with a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions.

Visual memory is one of the types of memory that provides fixation and reproduction of visual images. Along with auditory-speech memory, visual memory is one of the most important types of memory for human life.

Visual memory impairment occurs in patients with a neurological clinic, having, first of all, lesions of the occipital regions of the brain due to various diseases associated with poisoning, infections, injuries, and vascular diseases of the brain.

To restore impaired visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic, various exercises are used to memorize the external appearance of images of objects and objects, followed by recognition of this image among a group of other externally similar images (passive recognition method) or by reproducing this image from memory by drawing it on sheet of paper (active play method).

However, the active reproduction of a stored image from memory is difficult for a number of patients in a neurological clinic, therefore, tasks that restore individual fragments of images and also reproduce the color of the elements that make up the stored image are often used in practical work to restore visual memory.

Today, as one of the visual memory simulators, printed sheets of paper are used, in the upper part of which color images of objects and objects are contained, and in the lower part - similar images, but not containing colors. The practitioner needs to carefully consider color images and try to remember their colors. After that, color images are closed with a sheet of paper, and the student needs to color with colored pencils or felt-tip pens the images located at the bottom of the simulator's printed sheet (Teremkova N.E. Practical simulator for the development of speech, attention, memory, thinking, perception, Issue 2, LLC “ Dragonfly ”, Moscow, 2016, p. 3).

The disadvantages of this simulator when using it in the practice of restoring visual memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

1. Significant simplicity of tasks, as a result of which this simulator can only be used in working with patients who have significant visual memory impairment;

2. The possibility of only one-time use of the printed materials of the simulator, since after coloring the image with pencils or felt-tip pens, a trace remains on a sheet of paper;

3. The small amount of working material of this simulator, insufficient for long-term courses of restoration of impaired visual memory;

4. Difficulties in using this simulator for patients with impaired fine motor skills, due to the fact that it is difficult for them to colorize small details of images;

5. The difficulty of self-checking the correctness of the tasks performed by patients with impaired eye movements, since the patient needs to correlate the color and the colorized image, which are located in different parts of the printed sheet;

6. Tasks used both in this simulator and in similar simulators are designed primarily for working with children and contain images of toys, cartoon characters, etc., therefore their use in working with adult patients in a neurological clinic is inappropriate.

One of the most important components necessary for the normal functioning of the human visual memory is the process of visual attention, which is a consciously controlled focus on the perceived object.

The process of attention provides a clear reflection of objects and their properties in the sensations and perceptions of man. Thanks to visual attention, the images of objects and objects that appear in the mind are clear and distinct (Attention. Attention properties. Attention types found on the Internet at 140.htm).

Thus, a violation of the process of visual attention will lead to impaired visual memory, since a person who is not able to concentrate sufficiently on a perceived image, object or object cannot remember it.

Therefore, work on the restoration of visual attention is one of the important components of the process of restoration of visual memory.

To date, printed sheets containing images of objects and objects, the colors of which are indicated by certain symbols in the images, are used as one of the visual attention simulators, and information about the color of a particular symbol is located under the images. The student needs to apply various colors with a pencil or felt-tip pen on the image data in accordance with the symbols designating the colors (Teremkova N.E. Practical Trainer for the Development of Speech, Attention, Memory, Thinking, Perception, Issue 2, Strekoza LLC, Moscow, 2016, p. 32).

The disadvantages of this simulator when using it in the practice of restoring visual attention in patients with a neurological clinic are:

1. The possibility of only one-time use of the printed materials of the simulator, since after coloring the image with pencils or felt-tip pens, a trace remains on a sheet of paper;

2. A small amount of working material for this simulator, insufficient for long-term courses of restoration of visual attention;

3. Difficulties in working with this simulator of patients with impaired fine motor skills, since it is difficult for them to colorize the fine details of images.

In order to overcome the above drawbacks, the proposed "Simulator for training to restore visual memory and attention in patients with a neurological clinic" was developed.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution is:

a) Ensuring the possibility of conducting long-term courses of rehabilitation education necessary for the full restoration of visual memory and attention;

b) Repeated use of working material during classes with patients;

c) Ensuring accessibility for work with this device to patients in a neurological clinic with impaired fine motor skills;

d) Easy and convenient self-test of the correctness of the assignment of patients. The technical result provided by the claimed utility model is to expand the functionality of the simulator of visual memory and attention, allowing it to be used in working with patients in a neurological clinic and consisting in the possibility of conducting long courses of rehabilitation training, the availability of classes for patients with impaired fine motor skills, easy and convenient self-test perform tasks by patients.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device contains a base cover, dimensions 470-500 × 220-250 mm, which includes a central part and two movable leaves, while the central part contains a transparent pocket rigidly fixed around its perimeter, depth 7 -10 mm, and the right movable leaf contains rigidly fixed through gaskets 2-3 mm thick, made of transparent plastic 2-3 mm thick, a working plate, on the upper surface of which through the protruding 0.5-1 mm dark color lines and applied a transparent image, the gasket mounted on the left upper and lower side of the operating plates between the operating plate form and movable right compartment flap 2-3 mm tall, with a slot-gap situated on the right side of the compartment.

The essence of the "simulator for the restoration of visual memory and attention in patients with a neurological clinic" is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 is a general view of a simulator containing a subject image (for example, a woodpecker sitting on a tree);

In FIG. 2 and 3 - presents the front and back sides of a printed sheet of paper containing a subject image;

In FIG. 4 is a general view of a simulator containing an image of randomly located geometric shapes;

In FIG. 5 and 6 - presents the front and back sides of a printed sheet of paper containing an image of geometric shapes;

The simulator consists of a base cover (1), dimensions 470-500 × 220-250 mm, which includes the central part (2) and two movable leaves (3 and 4), each of which performs a specific function.

The central part (2) of the base-cover (1) contains a transparent pocket (5) with a thickness of 1-2 mm and a depth of 7-10 mm that is rigidly fixed around its perimeter and is designed to accommodate a set of printed sheets of paper (6). The dimensions of the transparent pocket (5) are 2-3 mm larger than the dimensions of a standard sheet of paper of A5 format (148 × 210 mm). For the convenience of removing sheets of paper (6), the upper side of the transparent pocket (5) is made beveled.

This transparent pocket (5) is designed to perform the following functions:

a) To place and store in it a set of 15-30 printed sheets of paper (6) in A5 format containing working material in the form of color images (7) and black-and-white images (8) placed on the front sides of the paper (6), printed sheets of paper placed on the reverse sides (6);

b) For presentation to the patient of a printed sheet of paper (6) with a color image (7) printed on it during classes to restore visual memory or a black and white image (8) during classes to restore visual attention.

The right movable leaf (4) of the base-cover (1) contains a working plate (10) rigidly fixed through gaskets (9), made of transparent plastic 2-3 mm thick, on the upper surface of which a transparent image is applied by contour lines (14) (11), any object, object, group of geometric shapes. The contour lines (14) applied to the working plate (10) are made of dark plastic, have a width of 0.5-1 mm and extend 0.5-1 mm above the surface of the working plate (10).

Thus, all the elements (15) of the transparent image (11) are separated from each other by protruding 0.5-1 mm contour lines (14), which allows patients with fine motor impairment to work with the device. This is ensured by the fact that the contour lines protruding by 0.5-1 mm do not allow to go beyond the element (15) when it is colored with colored markers.

Gaskets (9) having a thickness of 2-3 mm and a width of 4-7 mm are located on the left, upper and lower sides of the working plate (10), so that a compartment (12) is formed between the working plate (10) and the right movable leaf (4) ) 2-3 mm high, with a gap-gap (13) located on the right side of the working plate (10) and the movable sash (4). The internal dimensions of the compartment (12) in length and width exceed by 1-2 mm the dimensions of the printed sheet of paper (6) in A5 format.

The gap-gap (13) provides the ability to place a printed sheet of paper (6), with a black and white image (8), the colors of which are indicated by letters (16) in the compartment (12) in order to verify the correctness of the patient’s task. For ease of removal of the printed sheet of paper (6) from the compartment (12), a semicircular cutout (17) is located in the center of the right edge of the working plate (10).

The surface of the right movable leaf (4), located under the working plate (10), is light in color, so that when painting with transparent markers the elements (15) of the transparent image (11), colors are clearly visible on its surface.

The left movable sash (3) of the base-cover (1) provides the following functions:

a) during the lesson allows you to cover for the necessary time a color image (7) on a printed sheet of paper (6) located in a transparent pocket (5) after the color image (7) was presented to the patient for a certain time for memorization;

b) When the simulator is folded, the left movable leaf (3), located between the central part (2) and the right movable leaf (4), allows to protect the transparent pocket (5) and the working plate (10) from scratches and other damage, thereby ensuring safety of transparent parts of the simulator.

On the front side of the printed sheets of paper (6) contains a color image (7), similar to a transparent image (11) on the working plate (10) and different from it in that each element (15) of the color image is painted in one of four colors: red, yellow, green or blue.

On the reverse side of the printed sheet of paper (6) contains a black and white image (8), the feature of which is that it is similar to the color image (7) on the front side of this printed sheet of paper (6), and differs from it in that instead colors, each element (15) of this image contains letters (16) indicating its color: the letter “K” is red, the letter “Zh” is yellow, the letter “Z” is green, the letter “C” is blue .

The color images (7) located on the front side of the printed sheets of paper (6) are designed for patients to memorize the coloring of their elements (15), and then apply these colors with easily erasable color markers on the elements (15) of the transparent image (11) applied to the working plate (10).

Located on the reverse side of the printed sheets of paper (6), black-and-white images (8) containing letters (16) indicating the colors of their elements (15) are intended:

a) when conducting classes on the restoration of visual memory - to verify the correctness of the coloring of the elements (15) of the transparent image (11) by inserting these sheets under the work plate (10) with a transparent image (11), as a result of which under each element (15) transparent image (11) will be visible letters indicating their color.

b) when conducting classes to restore visual attention - a printed sheet of paper (6) with a black and white image (8) is placed in a transparent pocket (5), and the patient colors the elements (15) of the transparent image (11) in accordance with color letters (16) on a black and white image (8).

Color images (7) contained on printed sheets of paper (6) constituting a set of working materials of the simulator differ from each other in colors in which the elements (15) of the image data (7) are painted.

Work with the "Simulator for the restoration of visual memory and attention in patients of a neurological clinic" is carried out in two main ways, the first of which is aimed at restoring visual memory, and the second at restoring visual attention (used with patients with more severe disorders).

When working on the restoration of visual memory, the specialist selects from the kit a printed sheet of paper (6) with a color image (7) and installs it in a transparent pocket (5) on top of other printed sheets of paper (6).

This color image (7) for a certain period of time (5-20 seconds) is presented to the patient for memorization. After that, the specialist closes the central part (2) of the simulator with the left movable leaf (3), containing a printed sheet of paper (6) with a color image (7), and the patient needs to color the transparent image (11) located on the plate with color water markers (10).

For classes, sets of water markers are used in red, yellow, green, blue with a wide writing part, which allows you to quickly fill in elements (15) of a transparent image (11). In this case, the patient does not need to completely paint over each element (15) of the transparent image (11), especially if it has a large area, and it is enough to indicate the color of this element (15) with a few strokes.

The presence of the contour lines protruding above the surface of the working plate (10) (14), which highlight the boundaries of the elements (15) of the transparent image (11), makes it possible to perform tasks for patients with fine motor disorders, not allowing transparent images to be performed during painting (15) (11) go beyond them. For patients who do not have a violation of fine motor skills, the presence of contour lines protruding above the surface of the working plate (10) (14) also facilitates the task.

After the patient has painted the elements (15) of the transparent image (11), the correctness of the assignment is checked, which is especially relevant in the case of independent studies.

To this end, the printed sheet of paper (6) is removed from the transparent pocket (5) located on the central part (2) of the base-cover (1) and turned upside down (where the black and white image (8) is located, on which the colors elements (15) are indicated by letters (16)) and is inserted through the gap-slot (13) into the compartment (12) located on the right movable leaf (4). As a result of this, under each element (15) of the transparent image (11) there are letters (16) indicating the colors of the elements (15) of the printed image.

After checking the correctness of the assignment, a printed sheet of paper (6) with a black and white image (8) is removed from the compartment (12), and traces of color markers on the transparent image (11) are removed with a special sponge designed to erase water markers.

Further, the exercise can be repeated by using another printed sheet of paper (6) with a different color image (7).

The second way to work with the simulator is to restore visual attention. In this case, the specialist or patient installs a printed sheet of paper (6) with the back side up, which contains a black and white image (8), in a transparent pocket (5) located in the central part (2) of the base cover (1) of the device the colors of its elements (15) are indicated by the letters (16). In this case, the patient must, using water markers of different colors, colorize the elements (15) of the transparent image (11) located on the right movable leaf (4) of the base-cover (1) of the device in accordance with the letter designation of the colors.

After completing the task, the black-and-white image (8) is removed from the transparent pocket (5) and inserted through the gap-slot (13) into the compartment (12) to verify or self-test the patient to correctly complete the task.

Along with classes to restore visual memory and attention in patients with a neurological clinic, the proposed simulator can be used for the following purposes:

1. When working on the restoration of spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic;

2. When working on the restoration of fine motor skills in patients with a neurological clinic;

3. During correctional and developmental activities with children who have any deviations in the development of mental functions, in particular visual memory and attention, as well as fine motor skills.

4. When conducting neurocognitive training with the elderly;

5. As a game designed to develop and train memory in healthy children.

Thus, the "Simulator for the restoration of visual memory and attention in patients of a neurological clinic" has a wide scope of practical application that goes beyond the scope of a neurological clinic, and can be used as a device conducive to the development, formation, correction, restoration, training of visual memory and attention.

Claims (6)

1. A simulator for training to restore visual memory and attention in patients of a neurological clinic, characterized in that it contains a base cover 470-500 × 220-250 mm in size, which includes a central part and two movable leaves, while the central part contains rigidly a transparent pocket fixed at its perimeter with a depth of 7-10 mm, and the right movable leaf contains rigidly fixed through gaskets 2-3 mm thick, made of transparent plastic 2-3 mm thick, a working plate, on the upper surface of which Using a protruding 0.5-1 mm dark-colored contour lines, a transparent image is applied, while the gaskets fixed on the left, upper and lower sides of the working plate form a compartment with a gap of 2-3 mm between the working plate and the right movable shutter. located on the right side of the compartment. 2. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the dimensions of the transparent pocket are 2-3 mm larger than the dimensions of a standard sheet of paper of A5 format (148 × 210 mm). 3. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper side of the transparent pocket is made beveled. 4. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the contour lines are made of dark plastic and have a width of 0.5-1 mm. 5. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the right movable sash, which is under the working plate, has a light color. 6. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal dimensions of the compartment along the length and width exceed 1-2 mm the dimensions of a printed sheet of paper of A5 format (148 × 210 mm).

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