KR20100056457A - 광 경화성 조성물 - Google Patents
광 경화성 조성물 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20100056457A KR20100056457A KR1020107002940A KR20107002940A KR20100056457A KR 20100056457 A KR20100056457 A KR 20100056457A KR 1020107002940 A KR1020107002940 A KR 1020107002940A KR 20107002940 A KR20107002940 A KR 20107002940A KR 20100056457 A KR20100056457 A KR 20100056457A
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- South Korea
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 125000005370 alkoxysilyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000004018 acid anhydride group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 glycidyl ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 42
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- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 5
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- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 5
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 125000006832 (C1-C10) alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Substances OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- FYRCDEARNUVZRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,5-trimethyl-3,3-bis(2-methylpentan-2-ylperoxy)cyclohexane Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)OOC1(OOC(C)(C)CCC)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C1 FYRCDEARNUVZRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- UWYZHKAOTLEWKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CNCCC2=C1 UWYZHKAOTLEWKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LBUJPTNKIBCYBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCNC2=C1 LBUJPTNKIBCYBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UFFBMTHBGFGIHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1N UFFBMTHBGFGIHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CKLFJWXRWIQYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 CKLFJWXRWIQYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STVVMTBJNDTZBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-3-phenylpropan-1-ol Chemical compound OCC(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 STVVMTBJNDTZBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MLPVBIWIRCKMJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylaniline Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1N MLPVBIWIRCKMJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPNXHTDWGGVXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-isocyanatoethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCN=C=O DPNXHTDWGGVXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GXDHCNNESPLIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexane Natural products CCCCC(C)C GXDHCNNESPLIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylnonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(C)C SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=N1 BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
- C08F2/50—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light with sensitising agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
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- C08G18/12—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/2805—Compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/2815—Monohydroxy compounds
- C08G18/282—Alkanols, cycloalkanols or arylalkanols including terpenealcohols
- C08G18/2825—Alkanols, cycloalkanols or arylalkanols including terpenealcohols having at least 6 carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4804—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/80—Masked polyisocyanates
- C08G18/8061—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/807—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen with nitrogen containing compounds
- C08G18/8077—Oximes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/62—Alcohols or phenols
- C08G59/625—Hydroxyacids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
- C08G59/681—Metal alcoholates, phenolates or carboxylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09J133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C09J133/062—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C09J133/06
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Abstract
본 발명은 광 염기 발생제로부터 발생하는 염기의 양자 수율이 높고, 단시간 또한 소량의 광 조사에 의해 충분한 양의 염기를 발생하고, 또한 발생한 염기에 의해 경화성 화합물의 경화가 빠르게 진행하여, 경화물을 제공하는 광 경화성 조성물을 제공한다. 하기 화학식 1-1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1-1)과 염기성 화합물 (a2)의 염인 광 염기 발생제 (A)와, 에폭시기, (메트)아크릴로일기, 이소시아네이트기, 산 무수물기 및 알콕시실릴기로부터 선택되는 관능기를 1분자 중에 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물 (B)를 포함하는 광 경화성 조성물에 관한 것이다. 상기 화학식 1-1 중, R1 내지 R7은 각각 수소 또는 유기기를 나타낸다. R1 내지 R7은 동일하거나 상이할 수도 있으며, R1 내지 R7 중 2개가 서로 결합하여 환상 구조를 형성하고 있을 수도 있다.
<화학식 1-1>
<화학식 1-1>
Description
본 발명은 광 염기 발생제와 경화성 화합물을 포함하는 광 경화성 조성물에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는, 광 조사에 의해 광 염기 발생제로부터 염기가 발생하고, 상기 염기에 의해 경화성 화합물의 경화가 진행하여, 경화물을 제공하는 광 경화성 조성물에 관한 것이다.
광 조사에 의해 염기를 발생하는 화합물과, 상기 화합물로부터 발생한 염기에 의해 경화하는 경화성 화합물을 포함하는 광 경화성 조성물이 알려져 있다. 이 광 경화성 조성물은 접착제, 점착제, 도료, 코팅제, 레지스트 및 실링제 등에 이용되고 있다.
상기 광 조사에 의해 염기를 발생하는 화합물로서는, 코발트아민계 착체, 카르밤산o-니트로벤질 및 옥심에스테르 등이 알려져 있다. 이들 화합물은 광 조사에 의해 아민을 발생한다. 그러나, 광 조사에 의해 발생하는 아민의 양자 수율이 낮았다. 따라서, 아민의 양자 수율을 높이기 위한 검토가 이루어져 있다.
아민의 양자 수율을 높일 수 있는 화합물의 일례로서, 하기의 특허문헌 1에는, 카르바모일옥시이미노기를 갖는 하기 화학식 X로 표시되는 광 조사에 의해 아민을 발생하는 화합물이 개시되어 있다.
<화학식 X>
또한, 상기 화학식 X 중, R1은 n가의 유기기이고, R2 및 R3은 각각 수소, 방향족기 또는 지방족기이고, n은 1 이상의 정수이다.
또한, 하기의 특허문헌 2에서는, 광 조사에 의해 탈탄산하는 카르복실산과 아민의 염과, 고분자 전구체를 포함하는 감광성 조성물이 개시되어 있다. 여기서는, 광 조사에 의해 아민을 발생하는 화합물로서, 케토프로펜과 아민의 염이 기재되어 있다. 또한, 고분자 전구체로서, 폴리이미드 전구체 또는 폴리벤조옥사졸 전구체 등이 이용되고 있다.
또한, 하기의 비특허문헌 1로서는, 특허문헌 2에 기재된 케토프로펜과 아민의 염과, 염기 반응성 수지를 포함하는 광 경화성 재료가 개시되어 있다. 상기 염기 반응성 수지로서 액상 에폭시 수지가 이용되고 있다.
아리미쯔 등 저 「고분자 학회 예비 원고집」 2005년 5월 25일 발행, 제1357페이지
특허문헌 1에 기재된 광 조사에 의해 아민을 발생하는 화합물은, 광 분해성이 우수하고, 광 조사에 의해 높은 양자 수율로 아민을 발생한다. 그러나, 아민의 양자 수율은 비교적 높지만, 한층더 높은 양자 수율이 요구되고 있다.
또한, 광 조사에 의해 염기를 발생하는 화합물과 병용되는 경화성 화합물은 광 조사에 의해 발생한 염기에 의해서 빠르게 경화될 필요가 있다.
상기 특허문헌 2에서는, 상기 경화성 화합물로서 고분자 전구체가 이용되고 있다. 이 고분자 전구체는 그것 자체가 고분자이고, 분자내 폐환 반응한다. 이 반응에 의해 고분자 전구체를 포함하는 감광성 조성물이 경화하고, 얻어진 경화물에 의해서 최종 목적의 물성이 발현한다. 이러한 고분자 전구체는 고분자 전구체의 반응에 의해 얻어진 반응물의 분자량을 크게 하도록은 설계되어 있지 않다. 고분자 전구체의 반응에 의해 분자량을 크게 하여 최종 목적의 물성을 발현하는 것은 곤란하다.
또한, 용제를 이용하지 않더라도 용이하게 도공할 수 있는 점도로 조정하기 위해서, 상기 고분자 전구체로서 비교적 낮은 분자량의 고분자 전구체를 이용한 경우, 상기 반응물의 분자량은 한층더 작아진다. 이 경우에는, 감광 후의 경화물의 응집력이 낮아져서, 접착성이나 밀착성이 충분히 발현하지 않는 경우가 있었다.
또한, 상기 비특허문헌 1에 기재된 광 경화성 재료에서는, 감광 후의 경화물의 경도는 높여지지만, 충분한 접착성이 얻어지지 않는 경우가 있었다.
본 발명의 주된 목적은 광 염기 발생제로부터 발생하는 염기의 양자 수율이 높고, 단시간 또한 소량의 광 조사에 의해 충분한 양의 염기를 발생하고, 또한 발생한 염기에 의해 경화성 화합물의 경화가 빠르게 진행하여, 경화물을 제공하는 광 경화성 조성물을 제공하는 데에 있다. 본 발명의 다른 목적은 특히 단시간 또한 소량의 광 조사에 의해 충분한 양의 염기를 발생하고, 또한 발생한 염기에 의해 경화성 화합물의 경화가 빠르게 진행하여, 높은 접착성을 발현하는 광 경화성 조성물을 제공하는 데에 있다.
본 발명에 따르면, 하기 화학식 1-1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1-1)과 염기성 화합물 (a2)의 염인 광 염기 발생제 (A)와, 에폭시기, (메트)아크릴로일기, 이소시아네이트기, 산 무수물기 및 알콕시실릴기로부터 선택되는 관능기를 1분자 중에 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물 (B)를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 광 경화성 조성물이 제공된다.
<화학식 1-1>
상기 화학식 1-1 중, R1 내지 R7은 각각 수소 또는 유기기를 나타낸다. R1 내지 R7은 동일하거나 상이할 수도 있다. R1 내지 R7 중 2개가 서로 결합하여 환상 구조를 형성하고 있을 수도 있다.
본 발명의 어느 특정한 국면에서는, 상기 화학식 1-1에서의 R3 내지 R7 중의 1개는, 하기 화학식 1-2로 표시되는 유기기이다.
<화학식 1-2>
상기 화학식 1-2 중, R8 내지 R12는 각각 수소 또는 유기기를 나타낸다. R8 내지 R12는 동일하거나 상이할 수도 있다. R8 내지 R12 중 2개가 서로 결합하여 환상 구조를 형성하고 있을 수도 있다.
본 발명의 다른 특정한 국면에서는, 상기 화학식 1-1 중의 R1은 메틸기이다.
본 발명의 또 다른 특정한 국면에서는, 상기 화학식 1-1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1-1)이 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1)이다.
본 발명의 별도의 특정한 국면에서는, 상기 경화성 화합물 (B)는 에폭시기를 1분자 중에 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물로서, 글리시딜에테르계 에폭시 수지, 글리시딜에스테르계 에폭시 수지 및 글리시딜아민계 에폭시 수지로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종이다.
본 발명의 또 다른 특정한 국면에서는, 상기 경화성 화합물 (B)는 이소시아네이트기를 갖는 우레탄 예비 중합체이다.
상기 염기성 화합물 (a2)는 아민인 것이 바람직하다. 염기성 화합물 (a2)가 아민이면, 경화성 화합물 (B)의 경화가 한층더 빠르게 진행한다.
또한, 상기 아민은 1분자 중에 아미노기를 적어도 2개 갖는 것이 바람직하다. 이 경우에는, 경화성 화합물 (B)의 경화가 한층더 빠르게 진행한다.
본 발명에서는, 상기 아민은 하기 화학식 2 내지 7 중 어느 하나로 표시되는 아민인 것이 바람직하다. 이 경우에는, 경화성 화합물 (B)의 경화가 한층더 빠르게 진행한다.
상기 화학식 5 중, R1은 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬렌기를 나타낸다.
상기 화학식 6 중, R2는 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬렌기를 나타낸다.
본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물은 염기 증식제 (C)를 더 포함하는 것이 바람직하다. 염기 증식제 (C)가 포함되는 경우에는, 경화성 화합물 (B)의 경화가 한층더 빠르게 진행한다.
또한, 본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물은 광 증감제 (D)를 더 포함하는 것이 보다 바람직하다. 광 증감제 (D)가 포함되는 경우에는, 경화성 화합물 (B)의 경화가 한층더 빠르게 진행한다.
본 발명의 다른 특정한 국면에서는, 상기 에폭시기, (메트)아크릴로일기, 이소시아네이트기, 산 무수물기 및 알콕시실릴기로부터 선택되는 관능기와, 상기 염기성 화합물 (a2)의 염기성 관능기의 몰비가 1:0.01 내지 1:2의 범위 내에 있다.
본 발명의 또 다른 특정한 국면에서는, 상기 경화성 화합물 (B)의 수평균 분자량을 상기 에폭시기, (메트)아크릴로일기, 이소시아네이트기, 산 무수물기 및 알콕시실릴기로부터 선택되는 관능기의 수로 나눈 값(수평균 분자량/관능기의 수)는, 170 내지 50000의 범위 내에 있다.
본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물은 여러가지 용도에 이용된다. 그 중에서도, 본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물은 접착제로서 바람직하게 이용된다. 본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물은 광 경화성 접착제 조성물인 것이 바람직하다. 또한, 본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물은 코팅제로서도 바람직하게 이용된다. 본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물은 광 경화성 코팅제 조성물인 것도 바람직하다.
<발명의 효과>
본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물로서는, 광 염기 발생제 (A)가 상술한 화학식 1-1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1-1)과 염기성 화합물 (a2)의 염이기 때문에, 광 염기 발생제 (A)로부터 발생하는 염기의 양자 수율이 높고, 단시간 또한 소량의 광 조사에 의해 충분한 양의 염기를 발생시킬 수 있다.
또한, 상기 광 염기 발생제 (A)와 병용되는 경화성 화합물 (B)가 에폭시기, (메트)아크릴로일기, 이소시아네이트기, 산 무수물기 및 알콕시실릴기로부터 선택되는 관능기를 1분자 중에 적어도 2개 갖기 때문에, 상기 경화성 화합물 (B)가 발생한 염기에 의해 빠르게 경화하여 경화물을 제공한다.
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A)와 병용되는 경화성 화합물 (B)가 에폭시기를 1분자 중에 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물로서, 글리시딜에테르계 에폭시 수지, 글리시딜에스테르계 에폭시 수지 및 글리시딜아민계 에폭시 수지로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종인 경우에는, 상기 경화성 화합물 (B)가 발생한 염기에 의해 한층더 빠르게 경화된다.
이하, 본 발명의 상세를 설명한다.
본원 발명자 등은 상기 과제를 달성하기 위해서, 광 조사에 의해 염기를 발생하는 광 염기 발생제와, 경화성 화합물을 포함하는 광 경화성 조성물에 대해서 예의 검토한 결과, 상술한 화학식 1-1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1-1)과 염기성 화합물 (a2)의 염인 광 염기 발생제 (A)와, 상기 특정한 경화성 화합물 (B)를 포함하는 조성을 채용함으로써, 단시간 또한 소량의 광 조사에 의해 충분한 양의 염기를 발생시킬 수 있고, 또한 발생한 염기에 의해 경화성 화합물 (B)를 빠르게 경화시킬 수 있는 것을 발견하여, 본 발명을 완성하기에 이르렀다.
(광 염기 발생제 (A))
본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물에 포함되는 광 염기 발생제 (A)는, 하기 화학식 1-1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1-1)과 염기성 화합물 (a2)의 염이다.
<화학식 1-1>
상기 화학식 1-1 중, R1 내지 R7은 각각 수소 또는 유기기를 나타내고, R1 내지 R7은 동일하거나 상이할 수도 있다. R1 내지 R7 중 2개가 서로 결합하여 환상 구조를 형성하고 있을 수도 있다.
또한, 상기 화학식 1-1에서의 R3 내지 R7 중 하나가 하기 화학식 1-2로 표시되는 유기기인 것이 바람직하다
<화학식 1-2>
상기 화학식 1-2 중, R8 내지 R12는 각각 수소 또는 유기기를 나타낸다. R8 내지 R12는 동일하거나 상이할 수도 있다. R8 내지 R12 중 2개가 서로 결합하여 환상 구조를 형성하고 있을 수도 있다.
또한, 상기 화학식 1-1 중의 R1은 메틸기인 것이 바람직하다.
상기 화학식 1-1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1-1)의 구체예로서는, 예를 들면, 페닐아세트산, 디페닐아세트산, 트리페닐아세트산, 2-페닐프로피온산, 2,2-디페닐프로피온산, 2,2,2-트리페닐프로피온산, 2-페닐부틸산, α-메톡시페닐아세트산, 만델산, 아트로락톤산, 벤질산, 트로픽산, 페닐말론산, 페닐숙신산, 3-메틸-2-페닐부티르산, 오르토톨루일아세트산, 메타톨루일아세트산, 4-이소부틸-α-메틸페닐아세트산, 파라톨루일아세트산, 1,2-페닐렌디아세트산, 1,3-페닐렌디아세트산, 1,4-페닐렌디아세트산, 2-메톡시페닐아세트산, 2-히드록시페닐아세트산, 2-니트로페닐아세트산, 3-니트로페닐아세트산, 4-니트로페닐아세트산, 2-(4-니트로페닐)프로피온산, 3-(4-니트로페닐)프로피온산, 4-(4-니트로페닐)프로피온산, 3,4-디메톡시페닐아세트산, 3,4-(메틸렌디옥시)페닐아세트산, 2,5-디메톡시페닐아세트산, 3,5-디메톡시페닐아세트산, 3,4,5-트리메톡시페닐아세트산, 2,4-디니트로페닐아세트산, 4-비페닐아세트산, 1-나프틸아세트산, 2-나프틸아세트산, 6-메톡시-α-메틸-2-나프틸아세트산, 1-피렌아세트산, 9-플루오렌카르복실산 또는 9H-크산텐-9-카르복실산 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 화학식 1-1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1-1)과 염기성 화합물 (a2)를 용기 속에서 혼합하는 것만으로, 복잡한 합성 경로를 거치지 않고, 상기 광 염기 발생제 (A)를 간단하게 제조할 수 있다. 상기 화학식 1-1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1-1)과 염기성 화합물 (a2)를 용기 속에서 혼합하면, 하기 반응식 8-1로 표시되는 산염기 반응이 진행하여, 염을 발생시킨다.
<반응식 8-1>
상기 반응식 8-1 중, X는 염기성 화합물 (a2)를 나타낸다.
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A)는 상기 화학식 1-1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1-1)에서 유래되는 골격을 갖기 때문에, 광이 조사되면 용이하게 탈탄산을 일으켜, 하기 반응식 9-1로 표시되는 반응이 진행한다. 따라서, 상기 광 염기 발생제 (A)는 광 증감제가 없더라도 단독으로 우수한 광 분해성을 갖는다. 즉, 상기 광 염기 발생제 (A)로부터 발생하는 염기의 양자 수율은 매우 높고, 단시간 또한 소량의 광 조사로 충분한 양의 염기를 발생시킬 수 있다.
<반응식 9-1>
상기 반응식 9-1 중, X는 염기성 화합물 (a2)를 나타낸다.
또한, 상기 반응식 8-1 및 9-1 중의 R1 내지 R7은 각각 수소 또는 유기기를 나타낸다. R1 내지 R7은 동일하거나 상이할 수도 있다. R1 내지 R7 중 2개가 서로 결합하여 환상 구조를 형성하고 있을 수도 있다.
상기 (1-1)로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1-1)은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1)인 것이 특히 바람직하다. 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1)은 광 분해 효율에 특히 우수하다.
<화학식 1>
상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1)과 염기성 화합물 (a2)를 용기 중에서 혼합하면, 하기 반응식 8로 표시되는 산염기 반응이 진행하여, 염을 발생시킨다.
<반응식 8>
상기 반응식 8 중, X는 염기성 화합물 (a2)를 나타낸다.
또한, 상기 반응식 8로 표시되는 산염기 반응에 의해 얻어진 염은, 광이 조사되면 용이하게 탈탄산을 일으켜, 하기 반응식 9로 표시되는 반응이 진행한다.
<반응식 9>
또한, 상기 화학식 1-1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1-1)로서는, 하기 화학식 1-3 내지 1-6으로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1-3) 내지 (a1-6)도 바람직하게 이용된다.
<화학식 1-3>
<화학식 1-4>
<화학식 1-5>
<화학식 1-6>
상기 염기성 화합물 (a2)는 특별히 한정되는 것은 아니다. 상기 염기성 화합물 (a2)로서는, 아민, 피리딜기를 함유하는 화합물, 히드라진 화합물, 아미드 화합물, 수산화 4급 암모늄염, 머캅토 화합물, 술피드 화합물 또는 포스핀 화합물들 수 있다.
상기 아민은 특별히 한정되는 것은 아니다. 상기 아민으로서, 일급 아민, 이급 아민 및 삼급 아민 중의 어느 것도 사용할 수 있다.
상기 일급 아민으로서는, 예를 들면, 메틸아민, 에틸아민, n-프로필아민, n-부틸아민, 아밀아민, n-헥실아민, n-헵틸아민, n-옥틸아민, n-노닐아민, n-데실아민, n-운데실아민, n-도데실아민, n-트리데실아민, n-테트라데실아민, n-펜타데실아민, n-헥사데실아민, n-옥타데실아민, 이소프로필아민, 이소부틸아민, sec-부틸아민, tert-부틸아민, 1-메틸부틸아민, 1-에틸프로필아민, 이소아밀아민, 1,2-디메틸프로필아민, tert-아밀아민, 1,3-디메틸부틸아민, 3,3-디메틸부틸아민, 2-아미노헵탄, 3-아미노헵탄, 1-메틸헵틸아민, 2-에틸헥실아민, 1,5-디메틸헥실아민, tert-옥틸아민, 에틸렌디아민, 1,3-디아미노프로판, 1,2-디아미노프로판, 1,4-디아미노부탄, 1,2-디아미노-2-메틸프로판, 1,5-디아미노펜탄, 1,3-디아미노펜탄, 1,5-디아미노-2-메틸펜탄, 1,7-디아미노헵탄, 1,8-디아미노옥탄, 1,9-디아미노노난, 1,10-디아미노데칸, 1,12-디아미노도데칸, 2-부틸-2-에틸-1,5-펜탄디아민, 시클로프로필아민, (아미노메틸)시클로프로판, 시클로부틸아민, 시클로펜틸아민, 5-아미노-2,2,4-트리메틸-1-시클로펜탄메틸아민, 시클로헥실아민, 2-메틸헥실아민, 4-메틸시클로헥실아민, 4,4'-메틸렌비스(시클로헥실아민), 2,3-디메틸시클로헥실아민, 4,4'-메틸렌비스(2-메틸시클로헥실아민), 1,2-디아미노시클로헥산, 시클로헥산메틸아민, 1,8-디아미노-p-멘탄, 5-아미노-1,3,3-트리메틸시클로헥산메틸아민, 시클로헵틸아민, 시클로옥틸아민, 시클로도데실아민, 2-아미노노르보르넨, 보르닐아민, 미르타닐아민, 1-아다만탄아민, 1-아다만탄메틸아민, 알릴아민, 올레일아민, 제라닐아민, 2,2,2-트리플루오로메틸아민, 2-메톡시에틸아민, 3-메톡시프로필아민, 3-에톡시프로필아민, 3-부톡시프로필아민, 2-아미노-1-메톡시프로판, 3-이소프로폭시프로필아민, 2,2'-옥시비스(에틸렌아민), 2,2'-(에틸렌디옥시)비스(에틸아민), 4,9-디옥사-1,12-도데칸디아민, 4,7,10-트리옥사-1,13-트리데칸디아민, 3-아미노-1-프로판올비닐에테르, 테트라히드로푸르푸릴아민, 2,5-디히드로-2,5-디메톡시푸르푸릴아민, 아미노아세트알데히드디메틸아세탈, 4-아미노부틸알데히드디에틸아세탈, 에탄올아민, 3-아미노-1-프로판올, 2-아미노-1-프로판올, 1-아미노-2-프로판올, 4-아미노-1-부탄올, 2-아미노-1-부탄올, 2-아미노-2-메틸-1-프로판올, 5-아미노-1-펜탄올, 2-아미노-1-펜탄올, 2-아미노-3-메틸-1-부탄올, 6-아미노-1-헥산올, 2-아미노-1-헥산올, 1-아미노-1-시클로펜탄메탄올, 2-아미노시클로헥산올, 4-아미노시클로헥산올, 1-아미노메틸-1-시클로헥산올, 3-아미노메틸-3,5,5-트리메틸시클로헥산, 2-(2-아미노에톡시)에탄올, 2-(메틸아미노)에탄올, 2-(에틸아미노)에탄올, 2-(프로필아미노)에탄올, 2-(tert-부틸아미노)에탄올, 3-아미노-1,2-프로판디올, 세리놀(SERINOL), 2-아미노-2-에틸-1,3-프로판디올, 2-아미노-2-메틸-1,3-프로판디올, 트리스(히드록시메틸)아미노메탄, 비스-호모토리스(BIS-HOMOTORIS), 1,3-디아미노-2-히드록시프로판, 1-아미노-디옥시소르비톨, 2-아미노메틸-15-크라운-5, 2-아미노메틸-18-크라운-6, 아닐린, 오르토톨루이딘, 메타톨루이딘, 파라톨루이딘, 2-에틸아닐린, 3-에틸아닐린, 4-에틸아닐린, 2-프로필아닐린, 3-프로필아닐린, 4-프로필아닐린, 2-이소프로필아닐린, 3-이소프로필아닐린, 4-이소프로필아닐린, 2-부틸아닐린, 3-부틸아닐린, 4-부틸아닐린, 2-sec-부틸아닐린, 3-sec-부틸아닐린, 4-sec-부틸아닐린, 2-tert-부틸아닐린, 3-tert-부틸아닐린, 4-tert-부틸아닐린, 4-펜틸아닐린, 4-헥실아닐린, 4-헵틸아닐린, 4-옥틸아닐린, 4-데실아닐린, 4-도데실아닐린, 4-테트라데실아닐린, 4-헥사데실아닐린, 4-시클로헥실아닐린, 2,2'-에틸렌디아닐린, 오르토아니시딘, 메타아니시딘, 파라아니시딘, 오르토페네티딘, 메타페네티딘, 파라페네티딘, 2-아미노페놀, 3-아미노페놀, 4-아미노페놀, 2-아미노티오페놀, 3-아미노티오페놀, 4-아미노티오페놀, 2-아미노벤질알코올, 2-아미노페닐에틸알코올, 3-아미노페닐에틸알코올, 4-아미노페닐에틸알코올, 3-(1-히드록시에틸)아닐린, 2-(메틸머캅토)아닐린, 3-(메틸머캅토)아닐린, 4-(메틸머캅토)아닐린, 2-아미노페닐디술피드, 2-이소프로페닐아닐린, 4,4'-에틸렌디아닐린, 3,3'-메틸렌디아닐린, 4,4'-메틸렌디아닐린, 4,4'-메틸렌비스(3-클로로-2,6-디에틸아닐린), 4,4'-디아미노스틸벤, 4-부톡시아닐린, 4-펜틸옥시아닐린, 4-헥실옥시아닐린, 4,4'-옥시디아닐린, 4,4'-티오디아닐린, 4'',4''''-(헥사플루오로이소프로필리덴)-비스-(4-페닐아닐린), 옥시디아닐린, 4-아미노페닐술피드, 2,3-디메틸아닐린, 2,4-디메틸아닐린, 2,5-디메틸아닐린, 2,6-디메틸아닐린, 3,4-디메틸아닐린, 3,5-디메틸아닐린, 6-에틸오르토톨루이딘, 2,6-디에틸아닐린, 2-이소프로필-6-메틸아닐린, 2,6-디이소프로필아닐린, 1-아미노-5,6,7,8-테트라히드로나프탈렌, 5-아미노인단, 2-플루오로아닐린, 3-플루오로아닐린, 4-플루오로아닐린, 2-클로로아닐린, 3-클로로아닐린, 4-클로로아닐린, 2-브로모아닐린, 3-브로모아닐린, 4-브로모아닐린, 2-요오도아닐린, 3-요오도아닐린, 4-요오도아닐린, 2-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 3-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 4-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 3-(트리플루오로메톡시)아닐린, 4-(트리플루오로메톡시)아닐린, 3-(1,1,2,2-테트라플루오로에틸)아닐린, 3-플루오로-2-메틸아닐린, 3-클로로-2-메틸아닐린, 2-클로로-6-메틸아닐린, 2,6-디플루오로아닐린, 2,3-디플루오로아닐린, 2,6-디클로로아닐린, 2,3-디클로로아닐린, 2,6-디브로모아닐린, 2-메톡시-6-메틸아닐린, 3-플루오로오르토아니시딘, 3-아미노-2-메틸벤질알코올, 2-아미노-3-메틸벤질알코올, 2-아미노메타크레졸, 2,3-디아미노페놀, 오르토톨루이딘, 4,4'-에틸렌디메타톨루이딘, 2,5-디-tert-부틸아닐린, 3-플루오로-4-메틸아닐린, 2-플루오로-4-메틸아닐린, 5-플루오로-2-메틸아닐린, 2-플루오로-5-메틸아닐린, 4-플루오로-2-메틸아닐린, 2-플루오로-6-메틸아닐린, 2,5-비스(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 2-플루오로-6-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 2-플루오로-3-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 2,4-디플루오로아닐린, 3,4-디플루오로아닐린, 2,5-디플루오로아닐린, 3-클로로-4-플루오로아닐린, 2-클로로-4-플루오로아닐린, 2-브로모-4-플루오로아닐린, 4-브로모-2-플루오로아닐린, 2-브로모-4-요오도아닐린, 2-클로로-4-아미노톨루엔, 2-클로로-4-메틸아닐린, 2-클로로-5-메틸아닐린, 5-클로로-2-메틸아닐린, 4-클로로-2-메틸아닐린, 3,4-디클로로아닐린, 2,4-디클로로아닐린, 2,5-디클로로아닐린, 4-브로모-2-메틸아닐린, 4-브로모-3-메틸아닐린, 3-브로모-4-메틸아닐린, 2-브로모-4-메틸아닐린, 4-브로모-2-클로로아닐린, 2,4-디브로모아닐린, 2,5-디브로모아닐린, 4-플루오로-2-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 4-플루오로-3-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 2-플루오로-5-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 4-클로로-3-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 4-클로로-2-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 4-브로모-2-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 4-브로모-3-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 2-브로모-5-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 2-클로로-5-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 5,5'-(헥사플루오로이소프로필리덴)디오르토톨루이딘, 4-메톡시-2-메틸아닐린, 2-메톡시-5-메틸아닐린, 5-메톡시-2-메틸아닐린, 5-tert-부틸오르토아니시딘, 2-메톡시-5-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 6-클로로메타아니시딘, 4-아미노베라트롤, 3,4-(메틸렌디옥시)아닐린, 1,4-벤조디옥산-6-아민, 4'-아미노벤조-15-크라운-5, 2,4-디메톡시아닐린, 4-아미노크레졸, 2,5-디메톡시아닐린, 5-아미노-2-메톡시페놀, 3-아미노오르토크레졸, 2-아미노오르토크레졸, 2-아미노-tert-부틸페놀, 2-아미노-tert-아밀페놀, 6-아미노메타크레졸, 4-아미노메타크레졸, 2-아미노-5-메틸벤질알코올, 3-아미노-4-메틸벤질알코올, 2-아미노-4-클로로페놀, 4-아미노-3-클로로페놀, 2-아미노-5-클로로벤질알코올, 5-클로로오르토아니시딘, 3-플루오로파라아니시딘, 3-클로로파라아니시딘, 2-아미노-4-(트리플루오로메틸)벤젠티올, 3,5-디메틸아닐린, 3,5-디tert-부틸아닐린, 3,5-비스(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 3,5-디플루오로아닐린, 3,5-디클로로아닐린, 3,5-디메톡시아닐린, 3-메톡시-5-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 2,4,6-트리메틸아닐린, 4,4'-메틸렌비스(2,6-디메틸아닐린), 4,4'-메틸렌비스(2,6-디에틸아닐린), 4,4'-메틸렌비스(2,6-디이소프로필아닐린), 2,4,6-트리-tert-부틸아닐린, 2-클로로-4,6-디메틸아닐린, 2,6-디클로로-3-메틸아닐린, 3-클로로-2,4-디플루오로아닐린, 2,3,4-트리클로로아닐린, 2,3,4-트리플루오로아닐린, 2,3,6-트리플루오로아닐린, 2,4,6-트리플루오로아닐린, 2,6-디브로모-4-메틸아닐린, 3-클로로-2,6-디에틸아닐린, 4-브로모-2,6-디메틸아닐린, 2-클로로-3,5-디플루오로아닐린, 4-브로모-2,6-디플루오로아닐린, 2-브로모-4-클로로-6-플루오로아닐린, 2,4-디브로모-6-플루오로아닐린, 2,6-디브로모-4-플루오로아닐린, 2,6-디클로로-4-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 4-클로로-2,6-디브로모아닐린, 4-아미노-2,6-디클로로페놀, 3,4,5-트리클로로아닐린, 3,4,5-트리메톡시아닐린, 3,3',5,5'-테트라메틸벤지딘, 2-브로모-4,6-디플루오로아닐린, 2,4,6-트리클로로아닐린, 2,6-디클로로-4-(트리플루오로메톡시)아닐린, 2-브로모-3,5-비스(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, 2,4,6-트리브로모아닐린, 2-클로로-4-플루오로-5-메틸아닐린, 2,4,5-트리플루오로아닐린, 2,4,5-트리클로로아닐린, 4-클로로-2-메톡시-5-메틸아닐린, 4-아미노-2,5-디메틸페놀, 4-아미노-2,6-디브로모페놀, 3,5-디클로로-2,6-디에틸아닐린, 2,3,5,6-테트라클로로아닐린, 2,3,5,6-테트라플루오로아닐린, 2,3,4,5-테트라플루오로아닐린, 2,3,4,6-테트라플루오로아닐린, 2-브로모-3,4,6-트리플루오로아닐린, 2-브로모-4,5,6-트리플루오로아닐린, 2-아미노-2,4-디클로로-3-메틸페놀, 2,3,5,6-테트라플루오로-4-트리플루오로메틸아닐린, 2,3,4,5,6-펜타플루오로아닐린, 4,4'-디아미노옥타플루오로비페닐, 4-메톡시-3-비페닐아민, 4-브로모-2,3,5,6-테트라플루오로아닐린, 1,2-페닐렌디아민, 2,3-디아미노톨루엔, 3,4-디아미노톨루엔, 3,3'-디아미노벤지딘, 4-클로로-1,2-페닐렌디아민, 4-메톡시-1,2-페닐렌디아민, 4,5-디메틸-1,2-페닐렌디아민, 1,2,4,5-벤젠테트라민, 4,5-디클로로-1,2-페닐렌디아민, 1,3-페닐렌디아민, 2,6-디아미노톨루엔, 2,4-디아미노톨루엔, 2,4,6-트리메틸-1,3-페닐렌디아민, 4-메톡시-1,3-페닐렌디아민, 2,4-디아미노페놀, 4-(2-히드록시에틸티오)-1,3-페닐렌디아민, 1,4-페닐렌디아민, 2,5-디아미노톨루엔, 2,5-디메틸-1,4-페닐렌디아민, 2-클로로-1,4-페닐렌디아민, 2,5-디클로로-1,4-페닐렌디아민, 2-메톡시-1,4-페닐렌디아민, 2,3,5,6-테트라메틸-1,4-페닐렌디아민, 2-아미노비페닐, 4-아미노비페닐, 2,4,6-트리페닐아닐린, 2-아미노-4-페닐페놀, 5-페닐오르토아니시딘, 벤질아민, α-메틸벤질아민, 아미노디페닐메탄, 트리틸아민, 1,2-디페닐에틸아민, 2,2-디페닐에틸렌아민, 2-아미노-1,2-디페닐에탄올, 페네틸아민, 2-아미노-3-페닐-1-프로판올, 2-페닐시클로프로필아민, 3-페닐-1-프로필아민, 3,3-디페닐프로필아민, 1-메틸-3-페닐프로필아민, 4-페닐부틸아민, 1,2-디페닐에틸렌디아민, 1,2-비스(4-메톡시페닐)에틸렌디아민, 4-(2,4-디-tert-아밀페녹시)부틸아민, 2-아미노-1-페닐에탄올, 2-페닐글리시놀, 2-아미노-3-페닐-1-프로판올, 노르에페드린(NOREPHEDRINE), 2-메틸벤질아민, 1-아미노인단, 2-아미노인단, 1,2,3,4-테트라히드로-1-나프틸아민, 2-(트리플루오로메틸)벤질아민, 2-플루오로벤질아민, 2-플루오로페네틸아민, 2-클로로벤질아민, 2-클로로페네틸아민, 2-브로모벤질아민, 2-메톡시벤질아민, 2-메톡시페네틸아민, 2-에톡시벤질아민, 2-[2-(아미노메틸)페닐티오]벤질알코올, 2-아미노벤질아민, 3-메틸벤질아민, 3-(트리플루오로메틸)벤질아민, 메타크실렌디아민, 3-플루오로벤질아민, 3-플루오로페네틸아민, 3-클로로벤질아민, 3-클로로페네틸아민, 3-브로모벤질아민, 3-요오드벤질아민, 3-메톡시페네틸아민, 4-메틸벤질아민, 파라크실렌디아민, 4-(트리플루오로메틸)벤질아민, α,4-디메틸벤질아민, 2-(파라톨루일)에틸아민, 4-플루오로벤질아민, 4-플루오로페네틸아민, 4-클로로벤질아민, 4-브로모벤질아민, 4-브로모페네틸아민, 4-플루오로-α-메틸벤질아민, 4-플루오로페네틸아민, 4-클로로페네틸아민, 4-메톡시벤질아민, 4-메톡시페네틸아민, 4-(트리플루오로메톡시)벤질아민, 4-아미노벤질아민, 2-(4-아미노페닐)에틸아민, 티라민(TYRAMINE), 3,5-비스(트리플루오로메틸)벤질아민, 3-플루오로-5-(트리플루오로메틸)벤질아민, 2,6-디플루오로벤질아민, 2,4-디플루오로벤질아민, 2,5-디플루오로벤질아민, 3,4-디플루오로벤질아민, 2,4-디클로로벤질아민, 3,4-디클로로벤질아민, 2,4-디클로로페네틸아민, 2,3-디메톡시벤질아민, 3,5-디메톡시벤질아민, 2,4-디메톡시벤질아민, 3,4-디메톡시벤질아민, 2,5-디메톡시페네틸아민, 3,4-디메톡시페네틸아민, 피페로닐아민, 3,4,5-트리메톡시벤질아민, 2,4,6-트리메톡시벤질아민, 1-아미노인다놀, 1-나프탈렌메틸아민, 1-(1-나프틸)에틸아민, 9-아미노플루오렌, 1-피렌메틸아민, α,ω-디아미노폴리에틸렌글리콜, α,ω-디아미노폴리프로필렌글리콜, α,ω-디아미노폴리디메틸실록산 또는 폴리알릴아민 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 이급 아민으로서는, 예를 들면, 디메틸아민, N-에틸메틸아민, 디에틸아민, N-메틸프로필아민, N-메틸이소프로필아민, N-에틸이소프로필아민, 디프로필아민, 디이소프로필아민, N-메틸부틸아민, N-에틸부틸아민, N-메틸-tert-부틸아민, N-tert-부틸이소프로필아민, 디부틸아민, 디-sec-부틸아민, 디이소부틸아민, tert-아밀-tert-부틸아민, 디펜틸아민, N-메틸헥실아민, 디헥실아민, tert-아밀-tert-옥틸아민, 디옥틸아민, 비스(2-에틸헥실)아민, 디데실아민, N-메틸옥타데실아민, N,N'-디메틸에틸렌디아민, N,N'-디에틸에틸렌디아민, N,N'-디이소프로필에틸렌디아민, N,N'-디메틸-1,3-프로판디아민, N,N'-디에틸-1,3-프로판디아민, N,N'-디이소프로필-1,3-프로판디아민, N,N'-디메틸-1,6-헥산디아민, N-프로필시클로프로판메틸아민, N-메틸시클로헥실아민, N-에틸시클로헥실아민, N-이소프로필시클로헥실아민, N-tert-부틸시클로헥실아민, 디시클로헥실아민, N,N'-비스(3,3-디메틸부틸)-1,2-시클로헥산디아민, 1-시클로헥실에틸아민, 1,3-시클로헥산비스(메틸아민), N-메틸알릴아민, N-메틸-2-메틸알릴아민, 디알릴아민, N,N'-디에틸-2-부틸렌-1,4-디아민, N-알릴시클로펜틸아민, N-알릴시클로아민, 2-(1-시클로헥센)에틸아민, 6-(디메틸아미노)풀벤, 비스(2-메톡시에틸)아민, 메틸아미노아세트알데히드디메틸아세탈, 디에틸아미노아세트알데히드디에틸아세탈, 2-메틸아미노에틸-1,3-디옥솔란, 디에탄올아민, 디이소프로판올아민, N,N'-비스(2-히드록시에틸)에틸렌디아민, 1,3-비스[트리스(히드록시메틸)메틸아미노]프로판, N-메틸글루카민, 2-메틸아지리딘, 아제티딘, 피롤리딘, 2,5-디메틸피롤리딘, 3-피롤리디놀, 2-피롤리딘메탄올, 3-피롤린, 2,5-디메틸-3-피롤린, 피페리딘, 1,2,3,6-테트라히드로피리딘, 2-메틸피페리딘, 2-에틸피페리딘, 3-메틸피페리딘, 4-메틸피페리딘, 4,4'-비피페리딘, 4,4'-에틸렌비피페리딘, 4,4'-트리메틸렌비피페리딘, 3,3-디메틸피페리딘, 2,6-디메틸피페리딘, 3,5-디메틸피페리딘, 2,2,6,6-테트라메틸피페리딘, 1,4-디옥사-8-아자스피로[4.5]데칸, 2-피페리딘메탄올, 2-피페리딘에탄올, 3-히드록시피페리딘, 3-피페리딘메탄올, 4-히드록시피페리딘, 2,2,6,6-트리메틸-4-피페리디놀, 7,7,9,9-테트라메틸-1,4-디옥사-8-아자스피로[4.5]데칸-2-메탄올, 헥사메틸렌이민, 헵타메틸렌이민, 피페라진, 2-메틸피페라진, 2,6-디메틸피페라진, 2,5-디메틸피페라진, 호모피페라진, 아세트알데히드암모니아 삼량체, 1,4,7-트리아자시클로노난, 1,5,9-트리아자시클로도데칸, 사이클렌(CYCLEN), 1,4,8,11-테트라아자시클로테트라데칸, 1,4,8,12-테트라아자시클로펜타데칸, 헥사사이클렌(HEXACYCLEN), 1,3,3-트리메틸-6-아자비시클로[3.2.1]옥탄, 도데카히드로퀴놀린, 스파르테인, 4,4-디메틸옥사졸리딘, 4-에틸-2-메틸-2-(3-메틸부틸)옥사졸리딘, 모르폴린, 2,6-디메틸모르폴린, 1-아자-12-크라운-4,1-아자-15-크라운-5, 1-아자-18-크라운-6, 1,4,10-트리옥사-7,13-디아자시클로펜타데칸, 1,4,10,13-테트라옥사-7,16-디아자시클로옥타데칸, 티아졸리딘, 티오모르폴린, N-메틸아닐린, N-에틸아닐린, N-부틸아닐린, 디페닐아민, N-페닐벤질아민, 1,2-디아닐리노에탄, N-알릴아닐린, 2-아닐리노에탄올, N-에틸오르토톨루이딘, N-에틸메타톨루이딘, N-에틸파라톨루이딘, 4-클로로-N-메틸아닐린, N-메틸파라아니시딘, 4-아미노메틸페놀, N-에틸-2,3-크실리딘, N-에틸-3,4-(메틸렌디옥시)아닐린, 2,4,6-트리-tert-부틸-N-메틸아닐린, N,N'-디페닐-1,4-페닐렌디아민, N,N'-디페닐벤지딘, 3,3'-(헥사플루오로이소프로필리덴)디아닐린, 4,4'-(헥사플루오로이소프로필리덴)디아닐린, 2-벤질아닐린, 1-아미노-4-브로모나프탈렌, 1-아미노-2-나프톨, 4-아미노-1-나프톨, 5-아미노-1-나프톨, 3-아미노-2-나프톨, 2,2'-디티오비스(1-나프탈렌), 2,3-디아미노나프탈렌, 1,5-디아미노나프탈렌, 1,8-디아미노나프탈렌, 1,1'-비나프틸-2,2'-디아민, 1-아미노플루렌, 2-아미노플루렌, 2,7-디아미노플루렌, 3,7-디아미노-2-메톡시플루렌, 2-아미노-7-브로모플루렌, 2-아미노-9-히드록시플루렌, 2-아미노-3-브로모-9-히드록시플루렌, 1-아미노안트라센, 2-아미노안트라센, 9-아미노페난트렌, 9,10-디아미노페난트렌, 3-아미노플르오란센, 1-아미노피렌, 6-아미노크라이센, N,α-디메틸벤질아민, N-벤질-α-메틸벤질아민, N-벤질메틸아민, N-에틸벤질메틸아민, N-이소프로필벤질메틸아민, N-부틸벤질메틸아민, N-tert-부틸벤질메틸아민, 디벤질아민, N,N'-디벤질에틸렌디아민, N-메틸페네틸아민, N-벤질-2-페네틸아민, β-메틸페네틸아민, N-벤질에탄올아민, 2-(벤질아미노)시클로헥산메탄올, α-(메틸아미노메틸)벤질알코올, 에페드린(EPHEDRINE), α-디페닐-2-피롤리딘메탄올, 4-벤질피페라진, 4-페닐-1,2,3,6-테트라히드로피리딘, 인돌린, 2-메틸인돌린, 1,2,3,4-테트라히드로카르바졸, 2,3-디메틸인돌린, 인돌린-2-카르복실산, 1,2,3,4-테트라히드로퀴놀린, 1,2,3,4-테트라히드로이소퀴놀린, 6,7-디메톡시-1,2,3,4-테트라히드로이소퀴놀린, 이미노디벤질, 5,6,11,12-테트라히드로디벤즈[B,F]아조신, 페녹사진 또는 페노티아진 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 삼급 아민으로서는, 예를 들면 트리메틸아민, N,N-디메틸에틸아민, N,N-디에틸메틸아민, 트리에틸아민, 트리프로필아민, N,N-디메틸이소프로필아민, N,N-디이소프로필에틸아민, N,N-디메틸부틸아민, N-메틸디부틸아민, 트리부틸아민, 트리이소부틸아민, 트리펜틸아민, N,N-디메틸헥실아민, 트리헥실아민, N,N-디메틸옥틸아민, N-메틸디옥틸아민, 트리옥틸아민, 트리이소옥틸아민, 트리이소데실아민, N,N-디메틸운데실아민, N,N-디메틸도데실아민, 트리도데실아민, N-메틸디옥타데실아민, N,N,N',N'-테트라메틸디아미노메탄, N,N,N',N'-테트라메틸에틸렌디아민, N,N,N',N'-테트라에틸에틸렌디아민, N,N,N',N'-테트라메틸-1,3-프로판디아민, N,N,N',N'-테트라에틸-1,3-프로판디아민, N,N,N',N'-테트라에틸-1,3-부탄디아민, N,N,N',N'-테트라메틸-1,4-부탄디아민, N,N,N',N'-테트라메틸-1,5-펜탄디아민, N,N,N',N'-테트라메틸-1,6-헥산디아민, N,N,N',N'-테트라부틸-1,6-헥산디아민, 트리스(디메틸아미노)메탄, N,N,N',N',N''-펜타메틸디에틸렌트리아민, N,N-디메틸시클로헥실아민, N,N-디에틸시클로헥실아민, N-메틸디시클로헥실아민, N-에틸디시클로헥실아민, N,N-디메틸시클로헥산메틸아민, 트리알릴아민, 트리스(2-메틸알릴)아민, N,N,N',N'-테트라메틸-2-부텐-1,4-디아민, 테트라키스디메틸아미노에틸렌, 퍼플루오로이소부틸아민, 트리스[2-(2-메톡시에톡시)에틸]아민, tert-부톡시비스(디메틸아미노)메탄, 2-(디에틸아미노)에탄올비닐에테르, N,N'-디메틸포름아미드디메틸아세탈, N,N'-디메틸포름아미드디에틸아세탈, N,N'-디메틸포름아미드디프로필아세탈, N,N'-디메틸포름아미드디이소프로필아세탈, N,N'-디메틸포름아미드디-tert-부틸아세탈, N,N'-디메틸포름아미드디네오펜틸아세탈, N,N'-디메틸포름아미드디시클로헥실아세탈, N,N-디메틸아세트아미드디메틸아세탈, 디메틸아미노아세트알데히드디에틸아세탈, 디에틸아미노아세트알데히드디에틸아세탈, N,N'-비스(2,2-디메톡시에틸)메틸아민, N,N-디메틸에탄올아민, N,N-디에틸에탄올아민, 2-(디이소프로필아미노)에탄올, 2-(디부틸아미노)에탄올, 3-디메틸아미노-1-프로판올, 3-디에틸아미노-1-프로판올, 1-디메틸아미노-2-프로판올, 1-디에틸아미노-2-프로판올, 2-디메틸아미노-2-메틸-1-프로판올, 5-디에틸아미노-2-펜탄올, N-메틸디에탄올아민, N-에틸디에탄올아민, N-부틸디에탄올아민, 1-[N,N-비스(2-히드록시에틸)아미노]-2-프로판올, 트리이소프로판올아민, 3-(디메틸아미노)-1,2-프로판디올, 3-(디에틸아미노)-1,2-프로판디올, 3-(디프로필아미노)-1,2-프로판디올, 3-(디이소프로필아미노)-1,2-프로판디올, 2-{[2-(디메틸아미노)에틸]메틸아미노}에탄올, 1,3-비스(디메틸아미노)-2-프로판올, N,N,N',N'-테트라키스(2-히드록시프로필)에틸렌디아민, 2-[2-(디메틸아미노)에톡시]에탄올, 펜트롤(PENTROL), 1-아지리딘에탄올, 1-메틸피롤리딘, 1-부틸피롤리딘, 1-피롤리디노-1-시클로펜텐, 1-피롤리디노-1-시클로헥센, 1-(2-히드록시에틸)피롤리딘, 3-피롤리디노-1,2-프로판디올, 1-메틸-3-피롤리디놀, 1-에틸-3-피롤리디놀, 1-메틸-2-피롤리딘메탄올, 2-메틸-1-피롤린, 1-메틸피페리딘, 1-에틸피페리딘, 디피페리디노메탄, 1-에틸피페리딘, 1,1'-메틸렌비스(3-메틸피페리딘), 4,4'-트리메틸렌비스(1-메틸피페리딘), 1,2,2,6,6-펜타메틸피페리딘, 1-피페리딘아세트알데히드디에틸아세탈, 1-피페리딘에탄올, 3-피페리디노-1,2-프로판디올, 3-히드록시-1-메틸피페리딘, 1-에틸-3-히드록시피페리딘, 1-메틸-3-피페리딘메탄올, 4,4'-트리메틸렌비스(1-피페리딘에탄올), N,N'-비스(2,2,6,6-테트라메틸-4-피페리디닐)-1,6-헥사디아민, 1,2,3,6-테트라히드로피리딘, 1,4-디메틸피페라진, 4-(디메틸아미노)-1,2,2,6,6-펜타메틸피페라진, 1,4-비스(2-히드록시에틸)피페라진, 1,3,5-테트라메틸헥사히드로-1,3,5-트리아진, 1,3,5-테트라에틸헥사히드로-1,3,5-트리아진, 1,4,7-트리메틸-1,4,7-트리아자시클로노난, 1,5,9-트리메틸-1,5,9-트리아자시클로도데칸, 1,4,8,11-테트라메틸-1,4,8,11-테트라아자시클로테트라데칸, 1,4,7,10,13,16-헥사메틸-1,4,7,10,13,16-헥사아자시클로옥타데칸, 트로판(TROPANE), 퀴누클리딘(QUINUCLIDINE), 3-퀴누클리디놀(QUINUCLIDINOL), 1,4-디아자비시클로[2.2.2]옥탄, 헥사메틸렌테트라민, 4-메틸모르폴린, 4-에틸모르폴린, 4-(1-시클로펜텐-1-일)모르폴린, 1-모르폴리노-1-시클로헥센, 1-모르폴리노-1-시클로헵텐, 4-(2-히드록시에틸)모르폴린, 3-모르폴리노-1,2-프로판디올, 4-[2-(디메틸아미노)에틸]모르폴린, 5-에틸-1-아자-3,7-디옥사비시클로[3.3.0]옥탄, 1-아자-3,7-디옥사비시클로[3.3.0]옥탄-5-메탄올, 4,7,13,18-테트라옥사-1,10-디아자비시클로[8.5.5]에이코산, 4,7,13,16,21-펜타옥사-1,10-디아자비시클로[8.8.5]트리코산, 4,7,13,16,21,24-헥사옥사-1,10-디아자비시클로[8.8.8]헥사코산, N,N-디메틸아닐린, N-에틸-N-메틸아닐린, N,N-디에틸아닐린, N,N-디부틸아닐린, 1-페닐피페리딘, 트리페닐아민, N-벤질-N-에틸아닐린, 2-(N-에틸아닐리노)에탄올, N-페닐디에탄올아민, N-(에톡시에틸)-N-메틸아닐린, N,N-디메틸오르토톨루이딘, N,N-디메틸메타톨루이딘, N,N-디메틸파라톨루이딘, N,N-디에틸오르토톨루이딘, N,N-디에틸메타톨루이딘, N,N-디에틸파라톨루이딘, 3-디메틸아미노페놀, 3-디에틸아미노페놀, 2-(N-에틸메타톨루이디노)에탄올, 4-tert-부틸-N,N-디메틸아닐린, 4-브로모-N,N-디메틸아닐린, 2,2'-(파라톨루일이미노)디메탄올, 4-(디메틸아미노)페네틸알코올, N,N,N',N'-테트라메틸벤지딘, N,N'-디글리시딜-4-글리시딜옥시아닐린, 2,6-디이소프로필-N,N-디메틸아닐린, 4-브로모-N,N-디메틸-3-(트리플루오로메틸)아닐린, N,N,3,5-테트라메틸아닐린, N,N,2,4,6-펜타메틸아닐린, 4,4'-메틸렌비스(2,6-디이소프로필-N,N-디메틸아닐린), 2,6-디-tert-부틸-4-(디메틸아미노메틸)페놀, N,N,N',N'-테트라메틸-1,4-페닐렌디아민, 4,4'-메틸렌비스(N,N-디메틸아닐린), 4,4'-메틸렌비스(N,N-디글리시딜아닐린), 4,4'-비닐리덴비스(N,N-디메틸아닐린), 류코말라카이트그린, 4,4'-비스(디메틸아미노)벤즈히드롤, 1,8-비스(디메틸아미노)나프탈렌, 2-(디메틸아미노)플루렌, N,N-디메틸-1-페네틸아민, 3-(N-벤질-N-메틸아미노)-1,2-프로판디올, N,N-디메틸벤질아민, N,N,N',N'-테트라벤질메탄디아민, N-메틸디페닐에틸렌아민, 트리벤질아민, N-(2-클로로에틸)디벤질아민, N-벤질-N-메틸에탄올아민, 3-디벤질아미노-1-프로판올, 2-디벤질아미노-3-페닐-1-프로판올, N-에틸-3,3'-디페닐디프로필아민, 3-메톡시-N,N-디메틸벤질아민, 4-브로모-N,N-디이소프로필벤질아민, 1-(디페닐메틸)아제티딘, 1-벤질-3-피롤린, 1-벤질-3-피롤리디놀, 1-벤질-2-피롤리딘메탄올, 1-(3,4-디히드로-2-나프틸)피롤리딘, 1-메틸-4-페닐-1,2,3,6-테트라히드로피리딘, 4-디페닐메톡시-1-메틸피페라진, 1-벤질-4-히드록시피페라진, 1,3,5-트리벤질헥사히드로-1,3,5-트리아진, 4-페닐모르폴린, 2,5-디메틸-4-(모르폴리노메틸)페놀, N,N'-디벤질-1,4,10,13-테트라옥사-7,16-디아자시클로옥타데칸, 2-메틸렌-1,3,3-트리메틸인돌린, 줄로딘(JULODINE), 8-히드록시줄로딘, 5,10-디히드로-5,10-디메틸페나진, 10-메틸페노티아진, 트로거 베이스(TROGER'S BASE) 또는 5,6-벤조-4,7,13,16,21,24-헥사옥사-1,10-디아자비시클로[8.8.8]헥사코산 등을 들 수 있다.
사용 가능한 상기 아민으로서는, 또한 N-메틸에틸렌디아민, N-에틸에틸렌디아민, N-프로필에틸렌디아민, N-이소프로필에틸렌디아민, N,N-디메틸에틸렌디아민, N,N-디에틸에틸렌디아민, N,N-디부틸에틸렌디아민, N,N,N'-트리메틸에틸렌디아민, N,N-디메틸-N'-에틸에틸렌디아민, N,N-디에틸-N'-메틸에틸렌디아민, N,N,N'-트리에틸에틸렌디아민, N-메틸-1,3-프로판디아민, N-에틸-1,3-프로판디아민, N-프로필-1,3-프로판디아민, N-이소프로필-1,3-프로판디아민, 3-디메틸아미노프로필아민, 3-디에틸아미노프로필아민, 3-디부틸아미노프로필아민, N,N,N'-트리메틸-1,3-프로판디아민, N,N,2,2-테트라에틸-1,3-프로판디아민, 2-아미노-5-디에틸아미노펜탄, 디에틸렌트리아민, N1-이소프로필디에틸렌트리아민, N,N,N',N'-테트라에틸디에틸렌트리아민, N-(2-아미노에틸)-1,3-프로판디아민, 3,3'-디아미노-N-메틸디프로필아민, N-(3-아미노프로필)-1,3-프로판디아민, 3,3'-이미노비스(N,N-디메틸프로필아민), 스페르미딘(SPERMIDINE), 비스(헥사메틸렌)트리아민, N,N',N''-트리메틸비스(헥사메틸렌)트리아민, 4-(아미노메틸)-1,8-옥탄디아민, 트리에틸렌테트라민, 1,1,4,7,10,10-헥사메틸트리에틸렌테트라민, N,N'-비스(3-아미노프로필)에틸렌디아민, N,N'-비스(2-아미노에틸)-1,3-프로판디아민, N,N'-비스(3-아미노프로필)-1,3-프로판디아민, 스페르민(SPERMINE), 트리스(2-아미노에틸)아민, 테트라에틸렌펜타민, 펜타에틸렌헥사민, N-시클로헥실-1,3-프로판디아민, 2-(2-아미노에틸아미노)에탄올, 1-(2-아미노에틸)피롤리딘, 2-(2-아미노에틸)-1-메틸피롤리딘, 1-(2-피롤리디닐메틸)피롤리딘, 4-(1-피롤리디닐)피페리딘, 4-피페리디노피페리딘, 1-(2-아미노에틸)피페리딘, 1-(3-아미노프로필)-2-피페콜린, 3-아미노피페리딘, 1-메틸-4-(메틸아미노)피페리딘, 4-(아미노에틸)피페리딘, 3-(4-아미노부틸)피페리딘, 4-아미노-2,2,6,6-테트라메틸피페리딘, 4-디메틸아미노-2,2,6,6-테트라메틸피페리딘, 2-메틸-2-이미다졸린, 4,4-디메틸-2-이미다졸린, 1-메틸피페라진, 1-에틸피페라진, 1-(2-히드록시에틸)피페라진, 1-[2-(2-히드록시에톡시)에틸]피페라진, 1-(2-아미노에틸)피페라진, 1,4-비스(3-아미노프로필)피페라진, 헥세티딘(HEXETIDINE), 1,4,5,6-테트라히드로피리미딘, 1-메틸호모피페라진, 3-아미노퀴누클리딘, 1,8-디아자비시클로[5.4.0]운데-7-센, 1,3,4,6,7,8-헥사히드로-2H-피리미드[1,2-A]피리미딘, 1,3,4,6,7,8-헥사히드로-1-메틸-2H-피리미드[1,2-A]피리미딘, 4-(2-아미노에틸)모르폴린, 4-(3-아미노프로필)모르폴린, 5,6-디히드로-2-이소프로페닐-4,4,6-트리메틸-4H-1,3-옥사진, N-메틸-1,2-페닐렌디아민, N-페닐-1,2-페닐렌디아민, N,N-디메틸-1,3-페닐렌디아민, N,N-디메틸-1,4-페닐렌디아민, N,N-디에틸-1,4-페닐렌디아민, N4,N4-디에틸-2-메틸-1,4-페닐렌디아민, 2-메톡시-N4-페닐-1,4-페닐렌디아민, N-페닐-1,4-페닐렌디아민, N-메틸-4,4'-메틸렌디아닐린, N-페닐에틸렌디아민, N'-벤질-N,N-디메틸에틸렌디아민, N,N',N''-트리벤질트리스(2-아미노에틸)아민, 4-(헥사데실아미노)벤질아민, 4-디메틸아미노벤질아민, 4-아미노-1-벤질피페라진, 2-페닐-2-이미다졸린, 톨라졸린, 2-(1-나프틸메틸)-2-이미다졸린, 펜톨아민, 2,3-디페닐-1,4-디아자스피로[4.5]데크-1,3-디엔, 4-벤질-2-메틸-2-옥사졸린, 4,4-디메틸-2-페닐-2-옥사졸린, 4-메톡시메틸-2-메틸-5-페닐-2-옥사졸린, 2-메틸-5-페닐-2-옥사졸린-4-메탄올, 2,2'-비스[(4S)-4-벤질-2-옥사졸린], 2,2'-비스[(4S)-4-페닐-2-옥사졸린], 2,2'-이소프로필리덴비스[(4S)-4-페닐-2-옥사졸린], 2,2'-메틸렌비스[(4R,5S)-4,5-디페닐-2-옥사졸린], 테트라미솔, 1-페닐피페라진, 5-페닐-1,4,5,6-테트라히드로피리미딘, 1-벤질피페라진, 1-신나밀피페라진, 1-오르토톨루일피페라진, 1-(2,3-크실릴)피페라진, 1-(2-메톡시)피페라진, 1-(4-메톡시)피페라진, 1-(2-에톡시)피페라진, 4-모르폴리노아닐린, 포모카인, 폴리에틸렌이민, 또는 폴리에틸렌이민그래프트폴리알킬(메트)아크릴레이트 공중합체 등의 일급 아미노기, 이급 아미노기 및 삼급 아미노기를 1분자 중에 조합하여 이루어지는 아민 화합물 등을 들 수 있다.
또한, 상기 아민으로서, 니트로아민이나, 시판되고 있는 변성 아민, 변성 폴리아민을 이용할 수도 있다. 상기 니트로아민으로서는, 2-니트로아닐린, 3-니트로아닐린, 4-니트로아닐린 또는 1-(4-니트로페닐)피페라진 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 수산화 4급 암모늄염으로서는, 예를 들면, 수산화테트라메틸암모늄염, 수산화테트라에틸암모늄염, 수산화테트라프로필암모늄염, 수산화테트라부틸암모늄염, 수산화트리에틸메틸암모늄염, 수산화헥사데실트리메틸암모늄염 또는 수산화벤질트리메틸암모늄염 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 히드라진 화합물로서는, 예를 들면, 페닐히드라진, 1,1-디페닐히드라진, 1,2-디페닐히드라진, 1-메틸-1-페닐히드라진 또는 오르토톨루일히드라진 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 아미드 화합물로서는, 예를 들면, 말론아미드, 숙신아미드, 푸마르산아미드, 아디프산아미드, 니페시타니드(NIPECITANIDE), 알킬(메트)아크릴레이트·(메트)아크릴로일아미드 공중합체, 스티렌·알킬(메트)아크릴레이트·(메트)아크릴로일아미드 공중합체, 알킬(메트)아크릴레이트·(메트)아크릴로일모르폴린 공중합체, 또는 스티렌·알킬(메트)아크릴레이트·(메트)아크릴로일모르폴린 공중합체 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 머캅토 화합물로서는, 예를 들면, 1,2-에탄디티올, 1,3-프로판디티올, 1,4-부탄디티올, 1,5-펜탄디티올, 1,6-헥산디티올, 1,8-옥탄디티올, 1,9-노난디티올, 2-머캅토에틸에테르, 1,2-벤젠디티올, 1,3-벤젠디티올, 1,4-벤젠디티올, 1,2-벤젠디메탄티올, 1,3-벤젠디메탄티올, 1,4-벤젠디메탄티올 또는 4,4'-티오벤젠티올 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 술피드 화합물로서는, 예를 들면, 에틸디술피드, 메틸프로필디술피드, 이소프로필디술피드 또는 페닐디술피드 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 포스핀 화합물로서는, 예를 들면, 디-tert-부틸포스핀, 트리메틸포스핀, 1,2-비스(디메틸포스피노)에탄, 트리에틸포스핀, 트리프로필포스핀, 트리이소프로필포스핀, 트리이소부틸포스핀, 트리-tert-부틸포스핀, 트리옥틸포스핀, 트리시클로헥실포스핀, 1,4-비스(디시클로헥실포스피노)부탄, 페닐포스핀, 디페닐포스핀, 트리페닐포스핀, 1,2-비스(페닐포스피노)에탄, 디메틸페닐포스핀, 디에틸페닐포스핀, 디알릴페닐포스핀, 메틸디페닐포스핀, 에틸디페닐포스핀, 디페닐프로필포스핀, 이소프로필디페닐포스핀, 디페닐비닐포스핀, 알릴디페닐포스핀, 디시클로헥실페닐포스핀, 트리벤질포스핀, 트리오르토톨루일포스핀, 트리메타톨루일포스핀, 트리파라톨루일포스핀, 트리스(2,4,6-트리메틸페닐)포스핀, 비스(디페닐포스피노)메탄, 1,2-비스(디페닐포스피노)에탄, 1,3-비스(디페닐포스피노)프로판, 1,4-비스(디페닐포스피노)부탄, 또는 2,2'-비스(디페닐포스피노)-1,1'-나프탈렌 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 염기성 화합물 (a2)는 아민인 것이 바람직하다. 아민을 이용한 경우에는 경화성 화합물 (B)의 경화를 한층더 빠르게 진행시킬 수 있다.
상기 염기성 화합물 (a2)로서의 아민은 1분자 중에 아미노기를 적어도 2개 갖는 것이 바람직하다. 이 경우에는, 경화성 화합물 (B)의 경화를 한층더 빠르게 진행시킬 수 있다.
상기 염기성 화합물 (a2)로서의 아민은, 하기 화학식 2 내지 7 중 어느 하나로 표시되는 아민인 것이 바람직하다. 이 경우에는, 경화성 화합물 (B)의 경화를 한층더 빠르게 진행시킬 수 있다.
<화학식 2>
<화학식 3>
<화학식 4>
<화학식 5>
상기 화학식 5 중, R1은 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬렌기를 나타낸다.
<화학식 6>
상기 화학식 6 중, R2는 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬렌기를 나타낸다.
<화학식 7>
(경화성 화합물 (B))
본 발명에서는, 상기 광 염기 발생제 (A)는 에폭시기, (메트)아크릴로일기, 이소시아네이트기, 산 무수물기 및 알콕시실릴기로부터 선택되는 관능기를 1분자 중에 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물 (B)와 병용된다. 이들 관능기를 1분자 중에 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물 (B)는 상기 광 염기 발생제 (A)로부터 생긴 염기에 의해 효과적으로 활성화되어, 빠르게 경화된다. 경화성 화합물 (B)는 단독으로 이용될 수도 있고, 2종 이상이 병용될 수도 있다.
또한, 본 명세서에 있어서, 「(메트)아크릴로일」이란 아크릴로일 또는 메타크릴로일을 의미한다. 또한, 「(메트)아크릴」이란 아크릴 또는 메타크릴을 의미한다. 또한, 「(메트)아크릴레이트」란 아크릴레이트 또는 메타크릴레이트를 의미한다.
상기 경화성 화합물 (B)는 에폭시기 또는 이소시아네이트기를 갖는 화합물인 것이 바람직하다. 이들 바람직한 화합물을 이용한 경우, 경화성과, 경화물의 기판에 대한 밀착성 및 접착성과의 성능의 균형을 잡기 쉽다. 그 중에서도 이소시아네이트기를 갖는 우레탄 예비 중합체가 특히 바람직하게 이용된다. 이소시아네이트기를 갖는 우레탄 예비 중합체를 이용한 경우, 경화성과, 경화물의 기판에 대한 밀착성 및 접착성과의 성능의 균형을 한층더 잡기 쉽다.
상기 (메트)아크릴로일기를 1분자 중에 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물 (B)로서는, 예를 들면, 이소시아네이트기를 갖는 화합물과 활성수소를 갖는 (메트)아크릴 단량체와의 반응 등에 의해 얻어지는 우레탄아크릴레이트류, 에폭시기를 복수개 갖는 화합물과 (메트)아크릴산 또는 수산기를 갖는 (메트)아크릴계 단량체와의 반응 등에 의해 얻어지는 에폭시에스테르 화합물류, 폴리에스테르아크릴레이트류, 알킬렌글리콜디(메트)아크릴레이트류, 폴리알킬렌글리콜디(메트)아크릴레이트류, 폴리올(메트)아크릴레이트류, 실리콘아크릴레이트류, 폴리부타디엔아크릴레이트류, 비스페놀 A의 에틸렌옥사이드 부가물 디메타크릴레이트, 트리메틸올프로판 PO 변성 트리메타크릴레이트 또는 트리메틸올프로판 EO 변성 트리메타크릴레이트류 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 알킬렌글리콜디(메트)아크릴레이트류로서는, 에틸렌글리콜디메타크릴레이트, 1,4-부탄디올디메타크릴레이트, 1,6-헥산디올디메타크릴레이트 또는 1,9-노난디올디메타크릴레이트 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 폴리알킬렌글리콜디(메트)아크릴레이트류로서는, 폴리에틸렌글리콜디(메트)아크릴레이트, 폴리프로필렌글리콜디(메트)아크릴레이트 또는 폴리테트라메틸렌글리콜디(메트)아크릴레이트 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 폴리올(메트)아크릴레이트류로서는, 글리세린디(메트)아크릴레이트, 글리세린트리(메트)아크릴레이트, 트리메틸올프로판트리(메트)아크릴레이트, 디트리메틸올프로판테트라아크릴레이트, 펜타에리트리톨트리아크릴레이트, 펜타에리트리톨테트라아크릴레이트, 디펜타에리트리톨펜타아크릴레이트 또는 디펜타에리트리톨헥사아크릴레이트 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 이소시아네이트기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물 (B)로서는, 예를 들면, 테트라메틸렌디이소시아네이트, 헥사메틸렌디이소시아네이트, 옥타메틸렌디이소시아네이트, 도데카메틸렌디이소시아네이트, 1,5-디이소시아네이트-2-메틸펜탄, 1,3-비스(이소시아네이트메틸)시클로헥산, 1,4-시클로헥센디이소시아네이트, 4,4'-메틸렌비스(시클로헥실이소시아네이트), 이소포론디이소시아네이트, 1,3-페닐렌디이소시아네이트, 1,4-페닐렌디이소시아네이트, 톨루일렌-2,4-디이소시아네이트, 톨루일렌-2,6-디이소시아네이트, 1-클로로메틸-2,4-디이소시아네이트벤젠, 4,4'-메틸렌비스(2,6-디에틸페닐이소시아네이트), 4,4'-메틸렌비스(페닐이소시아네이트), 4,4'-옥시비스(페닐이소시아네이트), 1,5-나프틸렌디이소시아네이트, 스티렌·3-(메트)아크릴로일옥시프로필이소시아네이트 공중합체, 알킬(메트)아크릴레이트·3-(메트)아크릴로일옥시프로필이소시아네이트 공중합체, 스티렌·알킬(메트)아크릴레이트·3-(메트)아크릴로일옥시프로필이소시아네이트 공중합체 또는 우레탄 예비 중합체 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 우레탄 예비 중합체의 제조 방법으로서는, 예를 들면, 폴리히드록시 화합물과 상기 폴리이소시아네이트 화합물을 혼합하고, 질소 기류 중에서 80 내지 100℃ 정도의 온도에서 3 내지 5시간 정도 반응시키는 방법을 들 수 있다. 상기 폴리히드록시 화합물이 갖는 수산기(OH)에 대한 폴리이소시아네이트 화합물이 갖는 이소시아네이트기(NCO)의 비율(NCO/OH)이 당량비로 1.2 내지 15가 된 비율로, 상기 폴리히드록시 화합물과, 상기 폴리이소시아네이트 화합물을 혼합하는 것이 바람직하다. 상기 비율(NCO/OH)은 당량비로 3 내지 12의 범위 내에 있는 것이 바람직하다.
상기 NCO/OH가 당량비로 1.2 미만이면, 얻어지는 우레탄 예비 중합체의 점도가 높아져서, 광 경화성 조성물을 접착제로서 이용하는 것이 곤란해지는 경우가 있다. 상기 NCO/OH가 당량비로 15를 초과하면, 광 경화성 조성물이 경화 시에 발포하기 쉬워져서, 경화물의 응집력이 저하되어, 충분한 접착 강도가 얻어지지 않는 경우가 있다.
상기 산 무수물기를 1분자 중에 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물 (B)로서는, 예를 들면, 비시클로[2,2,2]옥트-7-엔-2,3,5,6-테트라카르복실산 이무수물, 에틸렌디아민테트라아세트산 이무수물, 디에틸렌트리아민펜타아세트산 이무수물, 3,3',4,4'-벤조페논테트라카르복실산 이무수물, 4,4'-(헥사플루오로이소프로필리덴)디프탈산 무수물, 1,2,4,5-벤젠테트라카르복실산 이무수물, 1,4,5,8-나프탈렌테트라카르복실산 이무수물, 3,4,9,10-페릴렌테트라카르복실산 이무수물, 무수 피로멜리트산, 스티렌·무수 말레산 공중합체, 알킬(메트)아크릴레이트·무수 말레산 공중합체·스티렌·알킬(메트)아크릴레이트·무수 말레산 공중합체, 테트라카르복실산 이무수물과 디아민의 반응 생성물, 또는 테트라카르복실산 이무수물과 디올과의 반응 생성물 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 알콕시실릴기를 1분자 중에 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물 (B)로서는, 예를 들면 테트라메톡시실란, 테트라에톡시실란, 테트라이소프로폭시실란, 트리메톡시실란, 메틸트리메톡시실란, 트리에톡시실란, 에틸트리에톡시실란, 디메톡시디메틸실란, 시클로헥실디메톡시메틸실란, 디에톡시디메틸실란, 디메톡시메틸옥틸실란, 디에톡시메틸비닐실란, 클로로메틸(디이소프로폭시)메틸실란, 디메톡시메틸페닐실란, 디에톡시디페닐실란, 트리메톡시프로필실란, 이소부틸트리메톡시실란, 옥틸트리메톡시실란, 옥타데실트리메톡시실란, 메틸트리에톡시실란, 이소부틸트리에톡시실란, 옥틸트리에톡시실란, 비닐트리메톡시실란, 비닐트리에톡시실란, 알릴트리에톡시실란, (3-클로로프로필)트리메톡시실란, 클로로메틸트리에톡시실란, 트리스(2-메톡시에톡시)비닐실란, 3-글리시독시프로필트리메톡시실란, 디에톡시(3-글리시독시프로필)메틸실란, 트리메톡시[2-(7-옥사비시클로[4.1.0]-헵트-3-일)에틸]실란, 클로로트리메톡시실란, 클로로트리에톡시실란, 클로로트리스(1,3-디메틸부톡시)-실란, 디클로로디에톡시실란, 3-(트리에톡시실릴)-프로피오니트릴, 4-(트리에톡시실릴)-부티로니트릴, 3-(트리에톡시실릴)-프로필이소시아네이트, 3-(트리에톡시실릴)-프로필티오이소시아네이트, 페닐트리메톡시실란, 페닐트리에톡시실란, 테트라프로폭시실란, 테트라부톡시실란, 1,3,5,7-테트라에톡시-1,3,5,7-테트라메틸시클로테트라실록산, 1,3,5,7-테트라메틸-1,3,5,7-테트라프록시시클로테트라실록산, 1,3,5,7-테트라이소프로폭시-1,3,5,7-테트라메틸시클로테트라실록산, 1,3,5,7-테트라부톡시-1,3,5,7-테트라메틸시클로테트라실록산, 1,3,5,7,9-펜타에톡시-1,3,5,7,9-펜타메틸시클로펜타실록산, 옥타메틸시클로테트라실록산, 데카메틸시클로펜타실록산, 도데카메틸시클로헥사실록산, 헥사페닐시클로트리실록산, 옥타페닐시클로테트라실록산, 1,3,5,7-테트라메틸시클로테트라실록산, 1,3,5,7-테트라메틸-1,3,5,7-테트라페닐시클로테트라실록산, 1,1,3,3,5,5-헥사메틸시클로트리실라잔, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7-옥타메틸시클로테트라실라잔, 1,7-디아세톡시옥타메틸테트라실록산, 1,7-디클로로옥타메틸테트라실록산, 1,1,3,3,5,5-헥사메틸-1,5-디클로로트리실록산, 1,3-디클로로테트라이소프로필디실록산, 1,3-디에톡시테트라메틸디실록산, 1,3-디메톡시테트라메틸디실록산, 1,1,3,3-테트라메틸-1,3-디클로로디실록산, 1,2-비스(메틸디클로로실릴)에탄, 디아세톡시디페닐실란, 메틸트리스(에틸메틸케토옥심)실란, 메틸트리스(N,N-디에틸아미녹시)실란, 비스(에틸메틸케토옥심)메틸이소프로폭시실란, 비스(에틸메틸케토옥심)에톡시메틸실란, 2-(3,4-에폭시시클로헥실에틸)트리메틸실란, 트리스(1-메틸비닐옥시)비닐실란, 메틸트리이소프로페녹시실란, 에틸트리아세톡시실란, 메틸트리아세톡시실란, 디아세톡시디메틸실란, 트리아세톡시비닐실란, 테트라아세톡시실란, 디아세톡시메틸페닐실란, 디메톡시에틸메틸케토옥심메틸실란, 비스(트리메톡시실릴)벤젠, 비스(트리에톡시실릴)벤젠, 트리스(트리메톡시실릴)벤젠, 트리스(트리에톡시실릴)벤젠, 비스(트리메톡시실릴)비페닐, 비스(트리에톡시실릴)비페닐, 트리스(트리메톡시실릴)비페닐, 트리스(트리에톡시실릴)비페닐, 비스(트리메톡시실릴)나프탈렌, 비스(트리에톡시실릴)나프탈렌, 트리스(트리메톡시실릴)나프탈렌, 트리스(트리에톡시실릴)나프탈렌, 비스(메틸디메톡시실릴)벤젠, 비스(메틸디에톡시실릴)벤젠, 트리스(메틸디메톡시실릴)벤젠, 트리스(메틸디에톡시실릴)벤젠, 비스(메틸디메톡시실릴)비페닐, 비스(메틸디에톡시실릴)비페닐, 트리스(메틸디메톡시실릴)비페닐, 트리스(메틸디에톡시실릴)비페닐, 비스(메틸디메톡시실릴)나프탈렌, 비스(메틸디에톡시실릴)나프탈렌, 트리스(메틸디메톡시실릴)나프탈렌, 트리스(메틸디에톡시실릴)나프탈렌, 트리스(디메틸메톡시실릴)벤젠, 트리스(디메틸메톡시실릴)비페닐, 트리스(디메틸메톡시실릴)나프탈렌, 비스(트리메톡시실릴에티닐)벤젠, 비스(메틸디에톡시실릴에티닐)벤젠, 트리스(트리메톡시실릴에티닐)벤젠, 트리스(메틸디메톡시실릴에티닐)벤젠, 비스(트리메톡시실릴프로필)벤젠, 비스(메틸디에톡시실릴프로필)벤젠, 트리스(트리메톡시실릴프로필)벤젠, 트리스(메틸디메톡시실릴프로필)벤젠, 비스(트리메톡시실릴)메탄, 비스(메틸디메톡시실릴)메탄, 비스(트리메톡시실릴)에탄, 비스(메틸디메톡시실릴)에탄, 비스(트리메톡시실릴)프로판, 비스(메틸디메톡시실릴)프로판, 비스(트리메톡시실릴)부탄, 비스(메틸디메톡시실릴)부탄, 비스(트리메톡시실릴)펜탄, 비스(메틸디메톡시실릴)펜탄, 비스(트리메톡시실릴)헥산, 비스(메틸디메톡시실릴)헥산, 비스(트리메톡시실릴)헵탄, 비스(메틸디메톡시실릴)헵탄, 비스(트리메톡시실릴)옥탄, 비스(메틸디메톡시실릴)옥탄, 비스(트리메톡시실릴프로필)아민, 비스(메틸디메톡시실릴프로필)아민, 비스(트리메톡시실릴프로필)에틸렌디아민, 비스(메틸디메톡시실릴프로필)에틸렌디아민, 트리스(트리메톡시실릴프로필)이소시아누레이트, 헥사메톡시디실란, 메틸디메톡시디실란, 헥사에톡시디실란, 메틸디에톡시디실란, 디메톡시테트라메틸디실록산, 트리메톡시트리메틸디실록산, 테트라메톡시디메틸디실록산, 펜타메톡시메틸디실록산, 헥사메톡시디실록산, 디메톡시헥사메틸트리실록산, 트리메톡시펜타메틸트리실록산, 테트라메톡시테트라메틸트리실록산, 펜타메톡시트리메틸트리실록산, 헥사메톡시디메틸트리실록산, 헵타메톡시메틸트리실록산, 옥타메톡시트리실록산, 1,3,5,7-테트라메톡시-1,3,5,7-테트라메틸시클로테트라실록산, 옥타메톡시시클로테트라실록산, 1,3,5,7-테트라에톡시-1,3,5,7-테트라메틸시클로테트라실록산, 옥타에톡시시클로테트라실록산, 옥타키스(트리메톡시실릴에티닐)-T8-실세스퀴옥산, 옥타키스(메틸디메톡시실릴에티닐)-T8-실세스퀴옥산, 옥타키스(디메틸메톡시실릴에티닐)-T8-실세스퀴옥산, 비스(메틸디메톡시실릴)폴리프로필렌글리콜, 비스(트리메톡시실릴)폴리프로필렌글리콜, 비스(메틸디메톡시실릴)폴리이소부틸렌, 알콕시실릴기 함유(메트)아크릴레이트, 스티렌·3-(트리메톡시실릴)프로필(메트)아크릴레이트 공중합체, 알킬(메트)아크릴레이트·3-(트리메톡시실릴)프로필(메트)아크릴레이트·스티렌·알킬(메트)아크릴레이트·3-(트리메톡시실릴)프로필(메트)아크릴레이트 공중합체, 스티렌·3-(메틸디메톡시실릴)프로필(메트)아크릴레이트 공중합체, 알킬(메트)아크릴레이트·3-(메틸디메톡시실릴)프로필(메트)아크릴레이트·스티렌·알킬(메트)아크릴레이트·3-(메틸디메톡시실릴)프로필(메트)아크릴레이트 공중합체 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 에폭시기를 1분자 중에 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물 (B)는 특별히 한정되는 것은 아니다. 상기 에폭시기를 1분자 중에 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물 (B)로서는, 예를 들면, 글리시딜에테르계 에폭시 수지, 글리시딜에스테르계 에폭시 수지, 글리시딜아민계 에폭시 수지, 지환식 에폭시 수지, 에폭시화 SBS 또는 에폭시화 부타디엔 등을 들 수 있다. 그 중에서도, 글리시딜에테르계 에폭시 수지, 글리시딜에스테르계 에폭시 수지 및 글리시딜아민계 에폭시 수지로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종이 바람직하게 이용된다. 이들 바람직한 경화성 화합물을 이용한 경우에는, 상기 경화성 화합물을 상기 광 염기 발생제 (A)로부터 생긴 염기에 의해 효과적으로 활성화시켜, 빠르게 경화시킬 수 있다.
상기 글리시딜에테르계 에폭시 수지로서는, 예를 들면, 비스페놀 A형 에폭시 수지, 비스페놀 F형 에폭시 수지, 비스페놀 S형 에폭시 수지, 수소 첨가 비스페놀 A형 에폭시 수지, 수소 첨가 비스페놀 F형 에폭시 수지, 수소 첨가 비스페놀 S형 에폭시 수지, 페놀노볼락형 에폭시 수지, 브롬화페놀노볼락형 에폭시 수지, 1,1,2,2-테트라키스(4-글리시딜옥시페닐)에탄, 트리메틸올프로판트리글리시딜에테르, 네오펜틸글리콜디글리시딜에테르, 폴리프로필렌글리콜디글리시딜에테르, 폴리에틸렌글리콜디글리시딜에테르 또는 1,4-부탄디올디글리시딜에테르 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 글리시딜에스테르계 에폭시 수지로서는, 예를 들면, 시클로헥산-1,2-디카르복실산디글리시딜에스테르, 1,2,3,6-테트라히드로프탈산디글리시딜에스테르, 프탈산디글리시딜에스테르 또는 1,2,3,6-테트라히드로-4-메틸프탈산디글리시딜에스테르 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 글리시딜아민계 에폭시 수지로서는, 예를 들면, 4,4'-메틸렌비스(N,N-디글리시딜아닐린), N,N-디글리시딜-2-글리시딜옥시아닐린, N,N-디글리시딜아닐린, 2-메틸-N,N-디글리시딜아닐린 또는 N,N',N''-트리글리시딜이소시아누레이트 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 경화성 화합물 (B) 100 중량부에 대하여, 상기 광 염기 발생제 (A)는 1 내지 200 중량부의 범위 내로 함유되는 것이 바람직하고, 10 내지 150 중량부의 범위 내로 함유되는 것이 보다 바람직하고, 15 내지 100 중량부의 범위 내로 함유되는 것이 더욱 바람직하고, 20 내지 80 중량부의 범위 내로 함유되는 것이 특히 바람직하다.
광 염기 발생제 (A)의 양이 너무 적으면, 광 조사에 의해 발생하는 염기가 너무 적어, 경화성 화합물 (B)가 충분히 경화하지 않게 되는 경우가 있다. 광 염기 발생제 (A)의 양이 너무 많으면, 광 조사에 의해 발생하는 염기가 너무 많아, 일부의 염기가 경화성 화합물 (B)의 관능기와 반응하지 않는 경우가 있고, 또한 충분한 가교도가 얻어지지 않는 경우가 있다.
또한, 경화성 화합물 (B) 중의 에폭시기, (메트)아크릴로일기, 이소시아네이트기, 산 무수물기 및 알콕시실릴기로부터 선택되는 관능기의 합계 1몰에 대하여, 광 염기 발생제 (A)를 완전히 광분해시켰을 때에 생기는 염기성 화합물 (a2)의 염기성 관능기는 0.01 내지 2몰의 범위 내에 있는 것이 바람직하다.
경화성 화합물 (B) 중의 에폭시기, (메트)아크릴로일기, 이소시아네이트기, 산 무수물기 및 알콕시실릴기로부터 선택되는 관능기의 합계 몰수와, 염기성 화합물 (a2)의 염기성 관능기의 합계 몰수와의 몰비가 1:0.01 내지 1:2의 범위 내에 있는 것이 바람직하다.
상기 염기성 관능기의 몰수가 너무 적으면, 광 조사에 의해 발생하는 염기가 너무 적어, 경화성 화합물 (B)를 충분히 경화시킬 수 없는 경우가 있다. 염기성 관능기의 몰수가 너무 많으면, 광 조사에 의해 발생하는 염기가 많아져, 일부의 염기가 경화성 화합물 (B)의 관능기와 반응하지 않는 경우가 있고, 또한 충분한 가교도가 얻어지지 않는 경우가 있다.
또한, 경화성 화합물 (B)의 수평균 분자량을 경화성 화합물 (B) 중의 에폭시기, (메트)아크릴로일기, 이소시아네이트기, 산 무수물기 및 알콕시실릴기의 관능기의 총수로 나눈 값(수평균 분자량/관능기의 수)(이하, 관능기 당량라고도 함)은 170 내지 50000의 범위 내에 있는 것이 바람직하다. 상기 관능기 당량이 170 미만이면 경화성 화합물 (B)는 경화되지만, 미반응된 관능기가 잔류하기 쉬워진다. 또한, 경화물의 가교 밀도가 현저히 높아지기 때문에, 광 경화성 조성물의 접착성이 불안정하게 되어, 또한 경화물에 의해 피착체를 접합한 경우에, 경화물과 피착체의 접착 강도가 충분히 얻어지지 않는 경우가 있다. 상기 관능기 당량이 50000을 초과하면, 경화성 화합물 (B)는 반응하지만, 충분히 가교하지 않는 경우가 있다. 이 경우, 경화물과 피착체의 접착 강도가 충분히 얻어지지 않는 경우가 있다. 상기 관능기 당량은 180 내지 20000의 범위 내에 있는 것이 보다 바람직하고, 250 내지 10000의 범위 내에 있는 것이 더욱 바람직하다. 또한, 복수종의 경화성 화합물 (B)를 이용하는 경우, 상기 관능기 당량은 후술한 평가 방법에 의해 평균치로서 산출된다.
(염기 증식제 (C))
본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물은 염기의 작용에 의해 염기를 증식적으로 생성하는 염기 증식제 (C)를 더 포함하는 것이 바람직하다.
상기 염기 증식제 (C)로서는, 예를 들면, 이관능형, 구형 다관능 올리고머형, 직쇄 고분자형 또는 실록산형의 9-플루오레닐카르바메이트 유도체 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 9-플루오레닐카르바메이트 유도체는 예를 들면 1,6-헥사메틸렌디이소시아네이트와 이소시아네이트 유도체의 부가 반응에 의해 얻어진다. 상기 이소시아네이트 유도체로서, 예를 들면, 메타크실렌디이소시아네이트, 톨루일렌디이소시아네이트, 이소포론디이소시아네이트, 1,6-헥사메틸렌디이소시아네이트, 2-(메트)아크릴로일옥시에틸이소시아네이트, 또는 2-(메트)아크릴로일옥시에틸이소시아네이트를 포함하는 공중합체 등을 들 수 있다. 이들 9-플루오레닐카르바메이트 유도체는 단독으로 이용될 수도 있고, 2종 이상이 병용될 수도 있다.
상기 염기 증식제 (C)는 하기 화학식 10으로 표시되는 염기 증식성기를 갖는 염기 증식제 (C1)인 것이 바람직하다.
상술한 화학식 10으로 표시되는 염기 증식성기를 갖는 염기 증식제 (C1)은 염기 증식 반응에 의해서 분해되어, 새롭게 아민을 발생한다. 또한, 발생한 아민이 새로운 촉매로서 기능하여, 증식적으로 다수의 새로운 아민을 생성한다. 상기 화학식 10으로 표시되는 염기 증식성기가 분자 내에 많이 존재할수록, 분자 내에서의 염기 증식 반응이 효율적으로 발생하기 때문에, 아미노기의 생성 효율을 높일 수 있다.
상기 화학식 10으로 표시되는 염기 증식성기를 갖는 염기 증식제 (C1)을 이용한 염기 증식 반응에서는, 활성인 수소 원자가 염기에 의해서 방출되어, 카르바니온이 형성된다. 이어서, 카르밤산이 이탈하고, 또한 분해가 진행하여 아미노기와 이산화탄소를 생성한다. 이 아미노기가 촉매가 되어 이 반응을 가속한다. 이 반응을 하기 반응식 X1에 나타내었다.
<반응식 X1>
상기 화학식 10으로 표시되는 염기 증식성기는 하기 화학식 11로 표시되는 염기 증식성기인 것이 바람직하다.
상기 화학식 11 중, Z는 치환 또는 비치환된 알킬렌기를 나타낸다.
상기 화학식 11 중, Z의 구체예로서는, 메틸렌기, 에틸렌기 또는 프로필렌기 등을 들 수 있다. 상기 염기 증식 반응이 효과적으로 발생하기 때문에, Z는 비치환된 알킬렌기인 것이 바람직하다. 그 중에서도, Z에서의 입체 장해도 작아져, 염기 증식 반응이 한층더 효과적으로 발생하기 쉽기 때문에, Z는 메틸렌기인 것이 보다 바람직하다.
상기 화학식 11로 표시되는 염기 증식성기를 갖는 염기 증식제는 하기 화학식 12로 표시되는 염기 증식제인 것이 바람직하다.
상기 화학식 12 중, X는 수소, 치환되어 있는 알킬기 또는 비치환된 알킬기를 나타내고, Z는 치환 또는 비치환된 알킬렌기를 나타내며, n은 1 내지 4의 정수를 나타낸다.
상기 화학식 12 중, X의 구체예로서는, 메틸기, 에틸기 또는 프로필기 등을 들 수 있다. 염기 증식 반응이 효과적으로 발생하기 때문에, X는 비치환된 알킬기인 것이 바람직하다. 그 중에서도, X에서의 입체 장해가 작아져, 염기 증식 반응이 한층더 효과적으로 발생하기 쉽기 때문에, X는 에틸기인 것이 보다 바람직하다.
상기 화학식 12 중, n은 1 내지 4의 정수를 나타낸다. 상기 화학식 12로 표시되는 염기 증식제가 동일 분자 내에 복수의 9-플루오레닐카르바메이트기를 갖는 경우에는, 발생한 염기의 촉매 작용에 의해서 염기 증식 반응이 한층더 효과적으로 발생하기 쉽다. 따라서, 상기 화학식 12 중의 n은 3 또는 4인 것이 바람직하다.
상기 화학식 12로 표시되는 염기 증식제의 구체예로서는, 하기 화학식 13으로 표시되는 염기 증식제(Flu3), 또는 하기 화학식 14로 표시되는 염기 증식제(Flu4)를 들 수 있다. 하기 화학식 13 및 화학식 14로 표시되는 염기 증식제는 국제 공개 제06/095670호 공보에 기재된 방법에 의해서 얻을 수 있다.
상기 화학식 13 및 화학식 14로 각각 표시되는 염기 증식제는 동일 분자 내에 복수의 9-플루오레닐카르바메이트기를 갖는다. 따라서, 발생한 염기의 촉매 작용에 의해서 염기 증식 반응이 진행하기 쉽다. 염기 증식제 (C)는 상기 화학식 13으로 표시되는 염기 증식제인 것이 보다 바람직하고, 상기 화학식 14로 표시되는 염기 증식제인 것이 더욱 바람직하다. 이들 바람직한 염기 증식제를 이용한 경우에는 염기의 발생 효율을 한층더 높일 수 있다.
상기 화학식 10 및 11로 각각 표시되는 염기 증식성기를 갖는 염기 증식제, 또는 상기 화학식 12 내지 14로 각각 표시되는 염기 증식제의 합성 방법은 특별히 한정되는 것은 아니다. 이들 염기 증식제는 예를 들면 플루오레닐메탄올과 이소시아네이트 유도체와의 부가 반응이나, 플루오레닐카르바메이트기를 갖는 아크릴레이트 단량체와 폴리티올 유도체와의 부가 반응에 의해서 합성될 수 있다. 전자의 부가 반응에는 방울 촉매를 적절하게 이용함으로써, 후자의 부가 반응에는 염기 촉매를 적절하게 이용함으로써 염기 증식제를 용이하게 얻을 수 있다.
상기 화학식 10으로 표시되는 염기 증식성기는 하기 화학식 15로 표시되는 염기 증식성기인 것도 바람직하다.
상기 화학식 15 중, R은 수소 또는 메틸기를 나타낸다.
상기 화학식 10으로 표시되는 염기 증식성기를 갖는 염기 증식제 (C1)은, 상기 화학식 15로 표시되는 염기 증식성기와, 하기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 갖는 염기 증식제인 것이 보다 바람직하다.
상기 화학식 16 중, R은 수소 또는 메틸기를 나타낸다.
상기 화학식 15로 표시되는 염기 증식성기와 상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 갖는 염기 증식제는 가교에 의해 경화성 화합물 (B)와 화학 결합한다. 따라서, 염기 증식제가 경화물에 받아들여지기 때문에, 염기 증식제의 잔존에 의한 오염을 억제할 수 있다.
상기 화학식 15로 표시되는 염기 증식성기를 갖는 염기 증식제는, 예를 들면, 하기 반응식 X2에 나타낸 바와 같이, 상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 갖는 화합물과 9-플루오레닐메틸 N-(2-머캅토에틸)카르바메이트와의 부가 반응에 의해 얻을 수 있다. 또한, 이 부가 반응에서는, 상기 화학식 15 중의 R은 상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기의 R에서 유래한다.
<반응식 X2>
상기 반응식 X2 중, R은 수소 또는 메틸기를 나타낸다.
상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 갖는 화합물은 (메트)아크릴레이트기를 갖는 화합물이다.
상기 화학식 15로 표시되는 불포화기를 갖는 화합물로서는, 예를 들면, (메트)아크릴레이트계 단량체 또는 올리고머 등을 사용할 수 있다. 이들은 「광경화 기술 핸드북 재료편」(테크노네트사, 2000년)에 기재되어 있다.
염기 증식제가 동일 분자 중에 상기 화학식 15로 표시되는 염기 증식성기를 많이 포함하는 경우에는, 염기 증식 반응이 효율적으로 발생한다. 따라서, 에폭시계 화합물 등의 경화성 화합물 (B)의 가교 반응이 진행하기 쉬워진다. 이 때문에, 염기 증식제 (C)는 (메트)아크릴레이트기를 적어도 2개 갖는 단량체 또는 올리고머인 것이 바람직하다. 이러한 화합물로서는, 「광 경화 기술 핸드북 재료편」의 제20 내지 42페이지 및 제60 내지 68페이지에 기재된 다관능성 (메트)아크릴레이트 단량체, 또는 제84 내지 118페이지에 기재된 (메트)아크릴레이트올리고머를 사용할 수 있다.
상기 다관능성 (메트)아크릴레이트 단량체 또는 (메트)아크릴레이트올리고머로서는, 구체적으로는, 에틸렌디(메트)아크릴레이트, 1,4-부탄디올디(메트)아크릴레이트, 1,6-헥산디올디(메트)아크릴레이트, 네오펜틸글리콜디(메트)아크릴레이트, 글리세롤디(메트)아크릴레이트, 디에틸렌글리콜디(메트)아크릴레이트, 트리에틸렌글리콜디(메트)아크릴레이트, 테트라에틸렌글리콜디(메트)아크릴레이트, 폴리에틸렌글리콜디(메트)아크릴레이트, 디프로필렌글리콜디(메트)아크릴레이트, 트리프로필렌글리콜디(메트)아크릴레이트, 시클로헥산디메탄올디(메트)아크릴레이트, 알콕실화헥산디올디(메트)아크릴레이트, 알콕실화시클로헥산디(메트)메탄올디아크릴레이트, 프로폭실화네오펜틸글리콜디(메트)아크릴레이트, 디(메트)아크릴로일화이소시아누레이트, EO 변성 비스페놀 A 디(메트)아크릴레이트, 트리메틸올프로판트리(메트)아크릴레이트, 에톡실화트리메틸올프로판트리(메트)아크릴레이트, 프로폭실화트리메틸올프로판트리(메트)아크릴레이트, 펜타에리트리톨트리(메트)아크릴레이트, 카프로락톤 변성 트리메틸올프로판트리(메트)아크릴레이트, EO 변성 트리메틸올프로판트리(메트)아크릴레이트, 트리스(아크릴로일옥시에틸)이소시아누레이트, 펜타에리트리톨테트라(메트)아크릴레이트, 펜타에리트리톨에톡시테트라아크릴레이트, 디펜타에리트리톨펜타(메트)아크릴레이트, 디펜타에리트리톨헥사(메트)아크릴레이트, 카프로락톤 변성 디펜타에리트리톨헥사(메트)아크릴레이트, 폴리에스테르계아크릴레이트올리고머, 에폭시아크릴레이트 또는 우레탄(메트)아크릴레이트, 또는 이들의 유사물을 들 수 있다.
상기 다관능성 (메트)아크릴레이트 단량체 또는 (메트)아크릴레이트올리고머로서, 예를 들면, 노볼락형의 화합물이나, 일본 특허 공개 (평)11-193317호 공보 및 일본 특허 공개 제2005-76005호 공보에 기재되어 있는 다관능성 (메트)아크릴레이트도 사용할 수 있다. 이들은 단독으로 이용될 수도 있고, 2종 이상이 병용될 수도 있다.
염기 증식제의 동일 분자 중에 상기 화학식 15로 표시되는 염기 증식성기의 수를 늘리기 위해서는, 상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 적어도 2개 갖는 화합물을 이용하면 좋다.
상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 적어도 2개 갖는 화합물을 얻기 위해서는, 예를 들면, 상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 갖는 화합물에, α-티오글리세린을 마이클 부가 반응시킨다. 그것에 의하여, 불포화기를 하기 화학식 17로 표시되는 디올 치환된 기로 변환한다. 다음으로, 수산기를 에스테르화 또는 우레탄화한다. 이 반응에 의해서 후술하는 바와 같이, 예를 들면 1개의 불포화기를 2개 또는 4개의 불포화기로 변환할 수 있다.
상기 화학식 17 중, R은 수소 또는 메틸기를 나타낸다.
상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 적어도 2개 갖는 화합물과 α-티오글리세린을 반응시키는 경우, 상기 불포화기 1몰에 대하여, α-티오글리세린을 0.5 내지 1.5몰의 범위 내로 이용하는 것이 바람직하다. 모든 불포화기를 디올 구조를 갖는 상기 화학식 17로 표시되는 기로 변환하는 경우에는, 상기 불포화기 1몰에 대하여 α-티오글리세린을 바람직하게는 1.0 내지 1.2몰, 더욱 바람직하게는 1.0몰 이용하면 좋다. 이 반응을 촉진시키기 위해서 염기성 촉매를 이용하는 것이 바람직하다.
상기 염기성 촉매로서는 3급 아민이 바람직하게 이용된다. 상기 염기성 촉매로서는, 예를 들면, 트리에틸아민, 트리프로필아민, 트리부틸아민, 디메틸벤질아민, N-메틸디에탄올아민, 피리딘, 피콜린 또는 루티딘 등을 들 수 있다. 상기 염기성 촉매로서, 염기성 이온 교환 수지도 사용할 수 있다.
상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 적어도 2개 갖는 화합물을 얻기 위한 상술한 반응에 있어서의 반응 온도는, 바람직하게는 실온(23℃) 내지 150℃의 범위이고, 보다 바람직하게는 실온 내지 100℃의 범위이다. 반응 시간은 반응 온도에 의해 적절하게 변경될 수 있다. 반응 시간은 바람직하게는 10분 내지 60시간의 범위이고, 보다 바람직하게는 1시간 내지 50시간의 범위이다.
상기 화학식 17로 표시되는 기를 갖는 폴리올 화합물의 수산기에 불포화기인 (메트)아크릴레이트기를 도입하는 방법으로서, 에스테르화법 또는 우레탄화법을 사용할 수 있다.
상기 에스테르화법으로서는, (메트)아크릴로일클로라이드 또는 (메트)아크릴산 무수물을 이용하고, 통상법에 따라서, (메트)아크릴레이트기를 도입하면 좋다. 상기 에스테르화법으로서, 하기 반응식 X3으로 나타낸 바와 같이, 산 촉매의 존재 하에서 (메트)아크릴산과 탈수축합 반응시키는 방법도 바람직하게 사용할 수 있다. 이 반응에서 생성되는 물은 공비 등에 의해서 제거할 수 있다.
<반응식 X3>
상기 반응식 X3 중, R은 수소 또는 메틸기를 나타낸다.
상기 우레탄화법으로서는, 이소시아네이트기를 갖는 (메트)아크릴레이트 유도체와의 부가 반응이 이용된다. 이 반응에 이용되는 이소시아네이트 화합물로서는, 예를 들면, 2-이소시아네이트에틸아크릴레이트(쇼와 덴꼬 제조: 카렌즈 AOI), 2-이소시아네이트에틸메타크릴레이트(쇼와 덴꼬 제조: 카렌즈 MOI), 또는 1,3-디아크릴로일옥시-2-이소시아네이트-2-메틸프로판(쇼와 덴꼬 제조: 카렌즈 BEI) 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 화학식 17로 표시되는 기를 갖는 폴리올 화합물의 수산기 1몰에 대하여, 상기 이소시아네이트 화합물은, 바람직하게는 0.5 내지 2.0몰, 보다 바람직하게는 0.5 내지 1.5몰, 더욱 바람직하게는 1.0 내지 1.2몰 이용된다.
상기 폴리올 화합물을 적어도 부분적으로 용해하는 용매 중에서, 상기 부가 반응을 촉진하기 위해서, 디올 치환하기 위한 상기 부가 반응으로 이용한 염기성 촉매를 그대로 사용할 수 있다. 디-n-부틸주석디라우레이트 등의 촉매를 또한 이용할 수도 있다. 또한, 중합 반응을 억제하기 위해서 중합 금지제를 이용하는 것이 바람직하다. 반응 온도는 바람직하게는 실온 내지 100℃의 범위이고, 보다 바람직하게는 40 내지 80℃이다. 반응 시간은 반응 온도에 따라 적절하게 변경될 수 있다. 반응 시간은 바람직하게는 30분 내지 20시간의 범위이고, 보다 바람직하게는 1시간 내지 15시간의 범위이다.
반응 종료 후에 과잉의 이소시아네이트 화합물을 제거하는 경우에는, 예를 들면, N,N-디메틸에탄올아민을 반응 용액에 첨가하여, 과잉의 이소시아네이트 화합물과 반응시킨다. 다음으로, 산성 수용액을 이용한 세정, 또는 산성 이온 교환 수지를 이용한 흡착을 행하면 좋다.
상기 부가 반응에서는 이소시아네이트기가 상기 화학식 17로 표시되는 기의 수산기와, 우레탄 결합을 형성하도록 반응한다. 따라서, 2-이소시아네이트에틸(메트)아크릴레이트를 이용한 경우에는, 하기 반응식 X4에 나타낸 바와 같이, 1개의 수산기당 1개의 불포화기가 도입된다.
<반응식 X4>
상기 반응식 X4 중, R은 수소 또는 메틸기를 나타낸다.
1,3-디(메트)아크릴로일옥시-2-이소시아네이트-2-메틸프로판을 이용한 경우에는, 하기 반응식 X5에 나타낸 바와 같이, 1개의 수산기당 2개의 불포화기가 도입된다. 상기 반응식 X4에서는, 상기 반응식 X3과 같이 2개의 가지를 갖는 구조가 얻어진다. 하기 반응식 X5에서는 1개의 수산기에 2개의 아크릴레이트기가 도입되기 때문에, 한번에 4개의 가지를 갖는 구조가 얻어진다.
<반응식 X5>
상기 반응식 X5 중 R은 수소 또는 메틸기를 나타낸다.
상기 반응식 X3 내지 X5에 나타낸 바와 같이, 상기 화학식 17로 표시되는 기의 수산기를 에스테르화 또는 우레탄화함으로써, 상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 복수의 불포화기가 재생된다. 재생된 복수의 불포화기에 α-티오글리세린을 더 부가 반응시킴으로써 더욱 많은 수산기를 도입할 수 있다. 이것은, 불포화기 및 α-티오글리세린의 마이클 부가 반응과, 상기 부가 반응 후의 수산기에의 (메트)아크릴로일기의 도입 반응과의 반복이 세대수에 상당하는 덴드리머가 제조되는 것을 의미한다. 각각의 반응에 의해 분자쇄 말단에 (메트)아크릴로일기가 도입된 덴드리머를 제조할 수 있다. 따라서, 분자쇄 말단에 다수의 상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 갖는 화합물을 얻을 수 있다.
상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 상기 화학식 15로 표시되는 염기 증식성기로 변환하기 위해서, 상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 갖는 화합물과, 9-플루오레닐메틸 N-(2-머캅토에틸)카르바메이트와의 부가 반응이 바람직하게 이용된다.
상기 9-플루오레닐메틸 N-(2-머캅토에틸)카르바메이트는 머캅토기를 갖기 때문에, 상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 갖는 화합물과의 마이클 부가 반응이 용이하게 발생한다. 이 때문에, 상기 화학식 15로 표시되는 염기 증식성기를 갖는 화합물을 용이하게 얻을 수 있다.
상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 갖는 화합물과, 9-플루오레닐메틸 N-(2-머캅토에틸)카르바메이트의 반응에, 동일 분자 중에 상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 적어도 2개 갖는 화합물을 이용하는 경우에는, 모든 불포화기를 머캅토 화합물과 반응시킬 수도 있다. 또한, 일부의 불포화기를 머캅토 화합물과 반응시킬 수도 있다. 상기 화학식 15로 표시되는 염기 증식성기와 상기 화학식 16으로 표시되는 불포화기를 동일 분자 중에 갖는 화합물로서는, 염기 증식성기로부터 생성하는 아미노기와 불포화기가 부가 반응한다. 따라서, 상기 염기 증식성기와 불포화기를 동일 분자 중에 갖는 화합물 자체가 경화 반응을 발현한다.
상기 화학식 11로 표시되는 불포화기와, 9-플루오레닐메틸 N-(2-머캅토에틸)카르바메이트와의 사용 비율은 불포화기의 변환율에 따라서 적절하게 변경될 수 있다. 상기 화학식 11로 표시되는 불포화기 1몰에 대하여, 9-플루오레닐메틸 N-(2-머캅토에틸)카르바메이트를 1.0몰 내지 1.5몰 이용하는 것이 바람직하다. 이 반응을 효율적으로 진행시키기 위해서 염기성 촉매를 이용하는 것이 바람직하다.
상기 불포화기를 상기 염기 증식성기로 변환하기 위한 염기성 촉매는 3급 아민인 것이 바람직하다. 염기성 촉매로서는, 예를 들면, 트리에틸아민, 트리프로필아민, 트리부틸아민, 디메틸벤질아민, N,N-디이소프로필메틸아민, N,N-디시클로헥실메틸아민, N-메틸디에탄올아민, 피리딘, 피콜린, 루티딘 또는 염기성 이온 교환 수지 등을 들 수 있다. 상기 불포화기를 상기 염기 증식성기로 변환하는 반응의 반응 온도는 바람직하게는 실온 내지 150℃의 범위이고, 보다 바람직하게는 실온 내지 100℃의 범위이다. 반응 시간은 반응 온도에 따라 적절하게 변경될 수 있다. 반응 시간은 바람직하게는 10분 내지 60시간의 범위이고, 보다 바람직하게는 1시간 내지 50시간의 범위이다.
상기 경화성 화합물 (B) 100 중량부에 대하여, 상기 염기 증식제 (C)는 20 내지 100 중량부의 범위 내로 함유되는 것이 바람직하다. 염기 증식제 (C)의 양이 너무 적으면 염기 증식 반응에 의해 염기가 효율적으로 발생하지 않는 경우가 있다. 염기 증식제 (C)의 양이 너무 많으면 염기 증식제가 석출하는 경우가 있다.
(광 증감제 (D))
본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물로서는, 상기 광 염기 발생제 (A)가 포함되어 있기 때문에, 광 증감제가 포함되어 있지 않더라도, 단시간 또한 소량의 광 조사에 의해 충분한 양의 염기를 발생시킬 수 있다. 다만, 광 염기 발생제 (A)는 광 증감제 (D)와 병용될 수도 있다. 광 염기 발생제 (A)와 광 증감제 (D)와의 병용에 의해 광 분해성을 한층더 높일 수 있다.
상기 광 증감제 (D)로서는, 삼중항 여기 에너지 이동 광 증감제 또는 전자 이동 광 증감제 등을 들 수 있다. 상기 광 증감제 (D)의 구체예로서는, 예를 들면, 아세토페논류, 벤조페논, 미힐러 케톤, 벤질, 벤조인, 벤조인에테르, 벤질디메틸케탈, 벤조일벤조에이트, α-아실옥심에스테르, 테트라메틸티우람모노술피드, 티오크산톤, 지방족 아민, 방향족기를 포함하는 아민, 피페리딘 등의 질소가 환의 일부로서 존재하는 화합물, 알릴티오요소, O-톨릴티오요소, 나트륨디에틸디티오포스페이트, 방향족 술핀산의 가용성염, N,N-디치환-p-아미노벤조니트릴계 화합물, 트리-n-부틸포스핀, N-니트로소히드록실아민 유도체, 옥사졸리딘 화합물, 테트라히드로-1,3-옥사진 화합물, 포름알데히드 또는 아세트알데히드와 디아민의 축합물, 안트라센, 안트라센의 유도체, 크산틴, N-페닐글리신, 시아닌 색소류 포르피린 또는 시아닌 색소 포르피린의 유도체 등을 들 수 있다. 상기 시아닌 색소류 포르피린으로서는, 프탈로시아닌, 나프토시아닌 또는 티오시아닌 등을 들 수 있다.
그 중에서도, 매우 우수한 광 분해성이 얻어지기 때문에, 티오크산톤계 증감제가 바람직하다. 또한, 티오크산톤계 증감제란 티오크산톤, 또는 티오크산톤에 치환기를 도입한 화합물이다. 티오크산톤에 치환기를 도입한 화합물로서는, 예를 들면, 2,4-디에틸티오크산톤, 2-클로로티오크산톤, 2,4-디이소프로필티오크산톤, 2,4-디메틸티오크산톤 또는 이소프로필티오크산톤 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A) 100 중량부에 대하여, 상기 광 증감제 (D)는 1 내지 100 중량부의 범위 내로 함유되는 것이 바람직하고 1 내지 50 중량부의 범위 내로 함유되는 것이 보다 바람직하다. 광 증감제 (D)의 양이 너무 적으면 충분한 증감 효과가 얻어지지 않는 경우가 있다. 광 증감제 (D)의 양이 너무 많으면, 광 증감제 (D)에서 유래되는 잔류물이 증가하여, 원하는 경화물을 얻는 것이 곤란한 경우가 있다.
(첨가될 수 있는 다른 성분)
본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물은 적절한 용제를 더 함유하고 있을 수도 있다. 광 경화성 조성물이 용제를 포함하는 경우, 도공성을 높일 수 있다.
상기 용제는 특별히 한정되는 것은 아니다. 상기 용제의 구체예로서는, 방향족 탄화수소 화합물, 포화 또는 불포화 탄화수소 화합물, 에테르류, 케톤류 또는 에스테르류 등을 들 수 있다. 이들 용제는 단독으로 이용될 수도 있고, 2종 이상이 병용될 수도 있다.
상기 방향족 탄화수소 화합물로서는, 벤젠, 크실렌, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 스티렌, 트리메틸벤젠 또는 디에틸벤젠 등을 들 수 있다. 상기 포화 또는 불포화 탄화수소 화합물로서는, 시클로헥산, 시클로헥센, 디펜텐, n-펜탄, 이소펜탄, n-헥산, 이소헥산, n-헵탄, 이소헵탄, n-옥탄, 이소옥탄, n-노난, 이소노난, n-데칸, 이소데칸, 테트라히드로나프탈렌 또는 스쿠알란 등을 들 수 있다. 상기 에테르류로서는, 디에틸에테르, 디-n-프로필에테르, 디-이소프로필에테르, 디부틸에테르, 에틸프로필에테르, 디페닐에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜디메틸에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜디에틸에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜디부틸에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜메틸에틸에테르, 디프로필렌글리콜디메틸에테르, 디프로필렌글리콜디에틸에테르, 디프로필렌글리콜디부틸에테르, 디프로필렌글리콜메틸에틸에테르, 에틸렌글리콜디메틸에테르, 에틸렌글리콜디에틸에테르, 에틸렌글리콜디프로필에테르, 에틸렌글리콜메틸에틸에테르, 테트라히드로푸란, 1,4-디옥산, 프로필렌글리콜모노메틸에테르아세테이트, 에틸렌글리콜모노에틸에테르아세테이트, 디프로필렌글리콜메틸에테르아세테이트, 디에틸렌글리콜모노에틸에테르아세테이트, 에틸시클로헥산, 메틸시클로헥산, p-멘탄, o-멘탄, m-멘탄, 디프로필에테르 또는 디부틸에테르 등을 들 수 있다. 상기 케톤류로서는, 아세톤, 메틸에틸케톤, 메틸이소부틸케톤, 디에틸케톤, 디프로필케톤, 메틸아밀케톤, 시클로펜타논, 시클로헥사논 또는 시클로헵타논 등을 들 수 있다. 상기 에스테르류로서는, 아세트산에틸, 아세트산메틸, 아세트산부틸, 아세트산프로필, 아세트산시클로헥실, 아세트산메틸셀로솔브, 아세트산에틸셀로솔브, 아세트산부틸셀로솔브, 락트산에틸, 락트산프로필, 락트산부틸, 락트산이소아밀 또는 스테아르산부틸 등을 들 수 있다.
또한, 본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물에는 필요에 따라서 다른 첨가제를 또한 첨가할 수도 있다. 첨가제로서는, 충전제, 안료, 염료, 레벨링제, 소포제, 대전 방지제, 자외선 흡수제, pH 조정제, 분산제, 분산 보조제, 표면 개질제, 가소제, 가소 촉진제 또는 늘어짐 방지제 등을 들 수 있다.
본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물의 제조 방법은 특별히 한정되는 것은 아니다. 광 경화성 조성물의 제조 방법으로서는, 상기 광 염기 발생제 (A)와, 상기 경화성 화합물 (B)와, 필요에 따라서 첨가되는 각 성분을 용융 혼합하는 방법, 또는 각 성분을 용제에 용해시키는 방법 등을 들 수 있다.
본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물에 조사되는 광원은 특별히 한정되는 것은 아니다. 광원으로서, 초고압 수은등, Deep UV 램프, 고압 수은등, 저압 수은등, 메탈할라이드 램프, LED 광원 또는 엑시머 레이저 등이 이용된다. 이들 광원은 광 경화성 조성물에 포함되는 성분, 예를 들면 광 염기 발생제 (A) 또는 광 증감제 (D)의 감광 파장에 따라서 적절하게 선택된다.
광의 조사 에너지는 광 경화성 조성물에 포함되는 성분, 예를 들면 광 염기 발생제 (A) 또는 증감제 (D)의 종류에 따라 적절하게 변경될 수 있다. 광의 조사 에너지는 일반적으로 10 내지 2000 mJ/cm2의 범위 내이다. 광의 조사 에너지가 10 mJ/cm2보다도 작으면 광 경화성 조성물이 충분히 경화하지 않는 경우가 있다. 광의 조사 에너지가 2000 mJ/cm2보다도 크면, 조사 시간이 너무 길어, 광원으로부터 발하는 적외선에 의해서 경화물이 열열화하는 경우가 있다.
내열성을 갖는 기재에 광 경화성 조성물을 도공하고, 광 경화성 조성물을 경화시킬 수도 있다. 이 경우, 광 조사에 의해 발생한 아민에 의한 경화를 촉진하기 위해서, 가열 장치에 의해 광 경화성 조성물을 가열할 수 있다. 상기 가열 장치로서는, 오븐, 히트건, IR 히터, 원적외선 히터, 니크롬선 히터, 유전 가열 장치 또는 유도 가열 장치 등을 들 수 있다.
본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물로서는, 광 염기 발생제 (A)로부터 발생하는 염기의 양자 수율이 매우 높기 때문에, 종래의 광 염기 발생제 (A)를 이용한 경우와 비교하여 광 조사 에너지를 매우 적게 할 수 있어, 예를 들면 10분의 1 정도까지 억제할 수 있다.
본 발명에 따른 광 경화성 조성물은 접착제, 점착제, 도료, 코팅제, 밀봉제, 레지스트, 실링재 또는 잉크 등으로서 바람직하게 이용된다. 그 중에서도, 광 경화성 조성물은 접착제, 코팅제로서 특히 바람직하게 이용된다.
이하에 실시예를 들어 본 발명을 더욱 자세히 설명한다. 본 발명은 이들 실시예에만 한정되는 것은 아니다.
(합성예 1)
광 염기 발생제 (A1)의 합성
상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1)로서의 케토프로펜(도쿄 가세이 고교사 제조) 20 g과, 염기성 화합물 (a2)로서의 1,6-헥사메틸렌디아민(와코 준야꾸 고교사 제조) 4.57 g을 메탄올 50 g 중에 첨가하고, 실온에서 24시간 교반하여 반응시켰다. 다음으로, 에탄올을 증발기에 의해 제거한 후, 얻어진 조생성물을 에탄올/헥산을 이용하여 재결정시켜 광 염기 발생제 (A1)을 얻었다.
(합성예 2)
광 염기 발생제 (A2)의 합성
상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1)로서의 케토프로펜(도쿄 가세이 고교사 제조) 20 g과, 염기성 화합물 (a2)로서의 1,3-디-4-피페리딜프로판(도쿄 가세이 고교사 제조) 8.2 g을 이용하고, 광 염기 발생제 (A1)과 동일한 절차에 의해 광 염기 발생제 (A2)를 얻었다.
(합성예 3)
광 염기 발생제 (A3)의 합성
상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1)로서의 케토프로펜(도쿄 가세이 고교사 제조) 20 g과, 염기성 화합물 (a2)로서의 시클로헥실아민(와코 준야꾸 고교사 제조) 7.8 g을 이용하고, 광 염기 발생제 (A1)과 동일한 절차에 의해 광 염기 발생제 (A3)을 얻었다.
(합성예 4)
카르바모일이미노옥시계 화합물의 합성
헥사메틸렌디이소시아네이트 0.02몰 및 아세토페논옥심 0.04몰을 테트라히드로푸란(THF) 50 ml에 용해하고, 질소 분위기 하, 60℃에서 5시간 교반하였다. 그 후, 실온에서 5시간 정치하고, 얻어진 백색의 결정을 여과함으로써 채취하였다. 이것을, 진공 건조 오븐 내에서 건조하여, THF를 휘발시켜 광 염기 발생제 (A) 이외의 광 염기 발생제로서의 카르바모일이미노옥시계 화합물을 얻었다.
(합성예 5)
이소시아네이트기 함유 화합물 (B2)의 합성
트리메틸올프로판과 프로필렌옥사이드로 이루어지는 중량 평균 분자량 4,000의 폴리에테르트리올(아데카사 제조, 상품명: 아데카폴리에테르 T-4000) 100 중량부와, 폴리프로필렌옥사이드(중량 평균 분자량 6,000) 100 중량부와, 디페닐메탄-4,4'-디이소시아네이트(일본 폴리우레탄사 제조, 상품명: 밀리오네이트 MT)를, NCO/OH 비가 당량비로 1.9가 되도록 첨가하고, 80℃에서 5시간 반응시켜, 이소시아네이트기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물로서의 이소시아네이트기 함유 화합물 (B2)(우레탄 예비 중합체)얻었다.
(합성예 6)
알콕시실릴기 함유 화합물 (B4)의 합성
교반기, 냉각기, 온도계 및 질소 가스 도입구를 구비하는 1 L 분리형 플라스크에 n-부틸아크릴레이트(닛본 쇼꾸바이 제조) 50 g, 에틸아크릴레이트(닛본 쇼꾸바이 제조) 45 g, 3-메타크릴로일옥시프로필트리메톡시실란(신에쯔 가가꾸사 제조 KBM-503) 5 g, 라우릴메르캅탄(와꼬 쥰야꾸사 제조) 1 g 및 톨루엔 100 g을 가하고, 혼합하여 단량체 혼합 용액을 얻었다. 얻어진 단량체 혼합 용액을 질소 가스를 이용하여 20분간 버블링하여 용존 산소를 제거하였다. 그러한 후, 분리형 플라스크계 내를 질소 가스로 치환하고, 교반하면서 환류에 달할 때까지 분리형 플라스크 내의 온도를 승온하였다.
환류에 달한 후, 중합 개시제로서 1,1-디(t-헥실퍼옥시)-3,3,5-트리메틸시클로헥산 0.05 g을 1 g의 톨루엔으로 희석한 용액을 중합계에 가하였다. 1시간 후, 1,1-디(t-헥실퍼옥시)-3,3,5-트리메틸시클로헥산 0.1 g을 1 g의 톨루엔으로 희석한 용액을 가하였다. 또한, 중합 개시 후, 2시간 후에, 1,1-디(t-헥실퍼옥시)-3,3,5-트리메틸시클로헥산 0.5 g을 1 g의 톨루엔으로 희석한 용액을 가하였다. 1회째의 중합 개시제를 가하고 나서 4시간 후, 냉각하고, 에탄올 50 g을 가하여, 알콕시실릴기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물로서의 알콕시실릴기 함유 화합물 (B4)(폴리스티렌 환산 수평균 분자량 약 9000)의 톨루엔/에탄올 용액을 얻었다.
(합성예 7)
광 염기 발생제 (A4)의 합성
상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1)로서의 케토프로펜(도쿄 가세이 고교사 제조) 20 g과, 염기성 화합물 (a2)로서의 트리에틸아민(와코 준야꾸 고교사 제조) 7.96 g을 이용하고, 광 염기 발생제 (A1)과 동일한 절차에 의해 광 염기 발생제 (A4)를 얻었다.
(합성예 8)
광 염기 발생제 (A5)의 합성
상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1)로서의 케토프로펜(도쿄 가세이 고교사 제조) 20 g과, 염기성 화합물 (a2)로서의 1,4-디아자비시클로[2.2.2]옥탄(도쿄 가세이 고교사 제조) 8.8 g을 이용하고, 광 염기 발생제 (A1)과 동일한 절차에 의해 광 염기 발생제 (A5)를 얻었다.
(합성예 9)
광 염기 발생제 (A6)의 합성
상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1)로서의 케토프로펜(도쿄 가세이 고교사 제조) 20 g과, 염기성 화합물 (a2)로서의 1,8-디아자비시클로[5.4.0]-7-운데칸(DBU)(도쿄 가세이 고교사 제조) 12 g을 이용하고, 광 염기 발생제 (A1)과 동일한 절차에 의해 광 염기 발생제 (A6)를 얻었다.
(합성예 10)
광 염기 발생제 (A7)의 합성
상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1)로서의 케토프로펜(도쿄 가세이 고교사 제조) 20 g과, 염기성 화합물 (a2)로서의 졔파민D-230(헌츠맨사 제조) 9 g을 이용하고, 광 염기 발생제 (A1)과 동일한 절차에 의해 광 염기 발생제 (A7)을 얻었다.
(합성예 11)
광 염기 발생제 (A8)의 합성
상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1)로서의 2-페닐프로피온산(도쿄 가세이 고교사 제조) 20 g과, 염기성 화합물 (a2)로서의 1,3-디-4-피페리딜프로판(도쿄 가세이 고교사 제조) 14 g을 이용하고, 광 염기 발생제 (A1)과 동일한 절차에 의해 광 염기 발생제 (A8)를 얻었다.
(합성예 12)
폴리(글리시딜메타크릴레이트/n-부틸아크릴레이트) 공중합체 (B8)의 합성
교반기, 냉각기, 온도계 및 질소 가스 도입구를 구비하는 1 L 분리형 플라스크에, n-부틸아크릴레이트(닛본 쇼꾸바이 제조) 50 g, 글리시딜메타크릴레이트(미츠비시 가스 가가꾸사 제조) 50 g, 라우릴메르캅탄(와꼬 쥰야꾸사 제조) 3 g 및 톨루엔 100 g을 가하고, 혼합하여 단량체 혼합 용액을 얻었다. 얻어진 단량체 혼합 용액을 질소 가스를 이용하여 20분간 버블링하여 용존 산소를 제거하였다. 이러한 후, 분리형 플라스크 계 내를 질소 가스로 치환하고, 교반하면서 환류에 달할 때까지 분리형 플라스크 내의 온도를 승온하였다. 그 후, 합성예 6과 동일한 방법에 의해 중합하여, 글리시딜기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물로서의 폴리(글리시딜메타크릴레이트/n-부틸아크릴레이트) 공중합체 (B8)(폴리스티렌 환산 수평균 분자량 3000, 에폭시 당량 284)의 톨루엔/에탄올 용액을 얻었다.
(합성예 13)
폴리(글리시딜메타크릴레이트/n-부틸아크릴레이트) 공중합체 (B9)의 합성
n-부틸아크릴레이트(닛본 쇼꾸바이 제조)의 배합량을 98.22 g으로 변경하고, 글리시딜메타크릴레이트(미츠비시 가스 가가꾸사 제조)의 배합량을 1.78 g으로 변경하고, 또한 라우릴메르캅탄(와꼬 쥰야꾸사 제조)의 배합량을 1.7 g으로 변경한 것 이외에는 합성예 12와 동일하게 하여 글리시딜기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물로서의 폴리(글리시딜메타크릴레이트/n-부틸아크릴레이트) 공중합체 (B9)(폴리스티렌 환산 수평균 분자량 120000, 에폭시 당량 8000)의 톨루엔/에탄올 용액을 얻었다.
(합성예 14)
폴리(글리시딜메타크릴레이트/n-부틸아크릴레이트) 공중합체 (B10)의 합성
n-부틸아크릴레이트(닛본 쇼꾸바이 제조)의 배합량을 99.68 g으로 변경하고, 글리시딜메타크릴레이트(미츠비시 가스 가가꾸사 제조)의 배합량을 0.32 g으로 변경하고, 또한 라우릴메르캅탄(와꼬 쥰야꾸사 제조)의 배합량을 0.1 g으로 변경한 것 이외에는 합성예 12와 동일하게 하여 글리시딜기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물로서의 폴리(글리시딜메타크릴레이트/n-부틸아크릴레이트) 공중합체 (B10)(폴리스티렌 환산 수평균 분자량 135000, 에폭시 당량 45000)의 톨루엔/에탄올 용액을 얻었다.
(합성예 15)
폴리(글리시딜메타크릴레이트)(B11)의 합성
n-부틸아크릴레이트(닛본 쇼꾸바이 제조)를 이용하지 않은 것, 및 글리시딜메타크릴레이트(미츠비시 가스 가가꾸사 제조)의 배합량을 100 g으로 변경한 것 이외에는 합성예 12와 동일하게 하여 글리시딜기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물로서의 폴리(글리시딜메타크릴레이트)(B11)(폴리스티렌 환산 수평균 분자량 3000)의 톨루엔/에탄올 용액을 얻었다.
(합성예 16)
폴리(글리시딜메타크릴레이트/n-부틸아크릴레이트) 공중합체 (B12)의 합성
n-부틸아크릴레이트(닛본 쇼꾸바이 제조)의 배합량을 99.93 g으로 변경하고, 글리시딜메타크릴레이트(미츠비시 가스 가가꾸사 제조)의 배합량을 0.07 g으로 변경하고, 또한 라우릴메르캅탄(와꼬 쥰야꾸사 제조) 0.03 g으로 변경한 것 이외에는 합성예 12와 동일하게 하여 글리시딜기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물로서의 폴리(글리시딜메타크릴레이트/n-부틸아크릴레이트) 공중합체 (B12)(폴리스티렌 환산 수평균 분자량 200000, 에폭시 당량 66000)의 톨루엔/에탄올 용액을 얻었다.
(합성예 17)
HDI-플루오렌메탄올 부가체 (C2)의 합성
교반기, 냉각기, 온도계 및 질소 가스 도입구를 구비하는 반응기에, 분자체 3A에 의해 일주야 건조된 톨루엔 40 g을 가하고, 상기 톨루엔에 9-플루오렌메탄올(도쿄 가세이 고교사 제조) 10 g을 용해하고, 1,6-헥사메틸렌디이소시아네이트(도쿄 가세이사 제조) 4.28 g을 적하하였다. 그 후, 질소 분위기 하, 80℃에서 5시간 교반하였다. 그 후, 증발기에 의해 톨루엔을 제거하여, 염기 증식제로서의 HDI-플루오렌메탄올 부가체 (C2)를 얻었다.
(관능기 당량의 평가 방법)
실시예 및 비교예에서 이용한 경화성 화합물 (B)의 관능기 당량을 이하의 평가 방법에 의해 구하였다. 결과를 하기의 표 1 내지 3에 나타내었다. 복수의 경화성 화합물 (B)를 이용한 경우의 관능기 당량은 평균 관능기 당량을 나타낸다.
관능기가 에폭시기인 경우, 경화성 화합물 (B)의 관능기 당량을, JIS K 7236의 방법에 준하여 구하였다.
관능기가 (메트)아크릴로일기인 경우, 요오드의 원자량(126.9)을, JIS K 0070에 준하여 구한 요오드가(mgI/g)로 나눈 후, 1000배하여 상기 관능기 당량을 구하였다.
관능기가 이소시아네이트기인 경우, 이소시아네이트기의 화학식량(42.02)을, JIS K 7301에 준하여 구한 이소시아네이트기 함유율로 나누어, 상기 관능기 당량을 구하였다.
관능기가 산 무수물기인 경우, 우선, 에탄올에 의해 에스테르화 반응을 진행시키고, 이것과 동시에 산을 발생시킨 후, JIS K 0070에 준하여 산가(mgKOH/g)를 구한다. KOH의 식량 56.11을 구해진 상기 산가로 나눈 후, 1000배하여 상기 관능기 당량을 구하였다.
관능기가 알콕시실릴기인 경우, 규소 원자의 원자량 28을 원소 분석에 의해 측정된 경화성 화합물 (B) 중에 포함되는 규소의 함유량(중량%)으로 나눈 후, 100배하여 상기 관능기 당량을 구하였다.
상술한 경화성 화합물 (B)를 얻는 합성예에 있어서, 관능기가 합성 중에 소비되지 않는 경우, 투입비로부터, 하기 화학식에 의해 상기 관능기 당량을 구하였다.
관능기 당량=(원료 투입 합계량)/Σ{(관능기를 갖는 원료 n의 투입량)×(관능기를 갖는 원료 n의 관능기수)/(관능기를 갖는 원료 n의 분자량)}
여기서, (관능기를 갖는 원료 n의 투입량), (관능기를 갖는 원료 n의 관능기수) 및 (관능기를 갖는 원료 n의 분자량)은 각각, 관능기를 갖는 원료를 n 종류 이용했을 때의, n번째의 원료에 상당하는 투입량, 관능기수 및 분자량을 나타내고,
Σ{(관능기를 갖는 원료 n의 투입량)×(관능기를 갖는 원료 n의 관능기수)/(관능기를 갖는 원료 n의 분자량)}은, 1번째부터 n번째까지의 관능기를 갖는 원료에 대하여(관능기를 갖는 원료 n의 투입량)×(관능기를 갖는 원료 n의 관능기수)/(관능기를 갖는 원료 n의 분자량)을 구함으로써 얻어진 값의 총합을 나타낸다.
다만, 이용하는 관능기를 갖는 원료가 1 종류이고, 그 관능기수가 1인 경우, 상기 화학식의 변형에 의해, 상기 관능기 당량은 하기 화학식에 의해 표시된다.
관능기 당량=100×[관능기를 갖는 원료의 수평균 분자량]/[관능기를 갖는 원료의 투입량(중량%)]
(실시예 1)
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A1) 60 중량부와, (메트)아크릴로일기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물인 (메트)아크릴 수지 (B1)로서의 아로닉스 M8030(도아 고세이사 제조) 100 중량부를 희석제로서의 에탄올 40 중량부로 희석함으로써 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(실시예 2)
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A1) 15 중량부와, 상기 이소시아네이트기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물인 상기 이소시아네이트기 함유 화합물 (B2)로서의 우레탄 예비 중합체 100 중량부를 톨루엔 50 중량부로 희석함으로써 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(실시예 3)
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A1) 130 중량부와, 산 무수물기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물인 산 무수물기 함유 화합물 (B3)로서의 리카시드 MTA15(신닛본 케미컬사 제조) 100 중량부를 희석제로서의 N-메틸피롤리돈 100 중량부로 희석함으로써 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(실시예 4)
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A1) 30 중량부와, 상기 알콕시실릴기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물인 알콕시실릴기 함유 화합물 (B4)로서의 알콕시실릴기 함유 수지(폴리스티렌 환산 수평균 분자량 약 9000) 100 중량부 포함하는 톨루엔/에탄올 용액을 혼합하여 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(실시예 5)
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A1) 150 중량부와, 에폭시기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물인 에폭시 수지 (B5)로서의 비스페놀 A형 에폭시 수지 에피코트828(재팬 에폭시레진사 제조) 100 중량부를, 희석제로서의 에탄올 100 중량부로 희석함으로써 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(실시예 6)
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A1) 150 중량부와, 에폭시기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물인 에폭시 수지 (B6)로서의 노볼락계형 에폭시 수지 에피코트 152(재팬 에폭시레진사 제조) 100 중량부를, 희석제로서의 에탄올 100 중량부로 희석함으로써 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(실시예 7)
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A1) 150 중량부와, 에폭시기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물인 에폭시 수지 (B7)로서의 글리시딜아민계 에폭시 수지 에피코트 1031S(재팬 에폭시레진사 제조) 100 중량부를, 희석제로서의 에탄올 50 중량부 및 톨루엔 50 중량부로 희석함으로써 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(실시예 8)
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A1)을 상기 광 염기 발생제 (A2)로 바꾼 것 이외에는 실시예 5와 동일하게 하여 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(실시예 9)
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A1) 150 중량부를, 상기 광 염기 발생제 (A3) 20 중량부로 바꾼 것 이외에는 실시예 5와 동일하게 하여 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(실시예 10)
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A1) 75 중량부와, 에폭시기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물인 에폭시 수지 (B5)로서의 비스페놀 A형 에폭시 수지 에피코트828(재팬 에폭시레진사 제조) 100 중량부와, 염기 증식제로서의 상기 화학식 14로 표시되는 화합물 Flu4(C1) 75 중량부를 혼합함으로써 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(실시예 11)
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A1) 150 중량부와, 에폭시기를 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물인 에폭시 수지 (B5)로서의 비스페놀 A형 에폭시 수지 에피코트828(재팬 에폭시레진사 제조) 100 중량부와, 광 증감제로서의 디에틸티오크산톤(D1) 5 중량부를 혼합함으로써 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(비교예 1)
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A1)을 합성예 4에서 얻어진 카르바모일이미노옥시계 화합물로 바꾼 것 이외에는 실시예 5와 동일하게 하여 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(실시예 12 내지 25)
광 염기 발생제 (A) 및 경화성 화합물 (B)의 종류 및 배합량을 하기의 표 2에 나타낸 바와 같이 변경한 것 이외에는 실시예 1과 동일하게 하여 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(실시예 26 내지 30)
광 염기 발생제 (A) 및 경화성 화합물 (B)의 종류 및 배합량을 하기의 표 3에 나타낸 바와 같이 변경한 것, 및 하기의 표 3에 나타내는 염기 증식제 (C)를 하기의 표 3에 나타내는 비율로 추가로 배합한 것 이외에는 실시예 1과 동일하게 하여 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(실시예 31 내지 37)
광 염기 발생제 (A) 및 경화성 화합물 (B)의 종류 및 배합량을 하기의 표 3에 나타낸 바와 같이 변경한 것, 및 하기의 표 3에 나타내는 광 증감제 (D)를 하기의 표 3에 나타내는 비율로 추가로 배합한 것 이외에는 실시예 1과 동일하게 하여 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(비교예 2)
상기 광 염기 발생제 (A1) 60 중량부를, 상기 광 염기 발생제 (A6) 20 중량부로 바꾼 것, 및 경화성 화합물로서의 (메트)아크릴 수지 (B1) 100 중량부를 폴리이미드 전구체(리카코트SN-20, 신닛본 케미컬사 제조) 100 중량부로 바꾼 것 이외에는 실시예 1과 동일하게 하여 광 경화성 조성물을 얻었다.
(평가)
(1) 태크프리 조사 에너지
얻어진 각 광 경화성 조성물을 유리판 상에, 건조 후의 막 두께가 대략 50 μm가 되도록 도포하고, 120℃의 오븐으로 15분간 건조하여 희석제를 휘발시켜, 광 경화성 조성물의 도막을 얻었다. 얻어진 도막에 상측에서 고압 수은등으로 365 nm의 광을 조도 5 mw/cm2로 조사하였다. 광 조사를 개시하고 나서, 도막을 손가락으로 접촉시킨 때에 태크가 느껴지지 않게 되기까지의 조사 시간을 측정하여, 조도와 조사 시간의 곱으로부터 조사 에너지를 산출하였다.
(2) 전단 접착력 및 박리 접착력
JIS Z6850에 준하여, 길이 150 mm×폭 30 mm×두께 2 mm의 아크릴판의 표면을 에탄올로 탈지 건조시키고, 그 아크릴판의 표면에 광 경화성 조성물을 50 μm의 두께가 되도록 도포하였다. 아크릴판 상의 광 경화성 조성물을 120℃의 오븐 내에서 15분간 건조하여 희석제를 휘발시켰다. 이러한 후, 광 경화성 조성물 상에 별도 준비한 별도의 상기 아크릴판을 접합시켜 접합체를 얻었다. 다음으로, 300 내지 370 nm의 파장 영역에서, 광 조사량이 365 nm의 파장의 광으로 강도 10 mW/cm2 및 조사 시간 60초가 되도록 상기 접합체의 접합면에 광을 조사하였다.
광의 조사후, 인장 시험기를 이용하여, 인장 속도 10 mm/분의 조건으로, 상기 접합체의 전단 파괴 강도 및 박리 파괴 강도를 측정하였다. 접착 면적을 측정한 후, 얻어진 전단 파괴 강도를 접착 면적으로 나누어 전단 접착력을 구하였다. 또한, 박리 부위의 박리하고 있는 폭 방향의 치수를 구하고, 박리 파괴 강도을 박리하고 있는 폭 방향의 치수로 나누어 박리 접착력을 구하였다.
동일한 시험을 아크릴판 대신에 유리판(길이 150 mm×폭 30 mm×두께 8 mm)를 이용하여 행하였다.
(3) 바둑판 눈금 테이프 시험
얻어진 광 경화성 조성물을 에탄올로 표면을 탈지 건조시킨 아크릴판 상에, 건조 후의 막 두께가 대략 50 μm가 되도록 도포하였다. 아크릴판 상의 광 경화성 조성물을 120℃의 오븐 내에서 15분간 건조하고, 희석제를 휘발시켜 광 경화성 조성물의 도막을 얻었다. 얻어진 도막의 상으로부터, 고압 수은등을 이용하여, 365 nm의 광을 강도 10 mw/cm2의 조건으로 60초간 광 조사하였다. 이러한 후, JIS K5400에 준하여 바둑판 눈금 테이프 시험을 행하고 평가 갯수를 기록하였다. 또한, 평가 갯수가 높을수록 도막의 아크릴판에의 밀착성이 높은 것을 나타낸다.
결과를 하기 표 1 내지 3에 나타내었다.
Claims (13)
- 하기 화학식 1-1로 표시되는 카르복실산 (a1-1)과 염기성 화합물 (a2)의 염인 광 염기 발생제 (A)와,
에폭시기, (메트)아크릴로일기, 이소시아네이트기, 산 무수물기 및 알콕시실릴기로부터 선택되는 관능기를 일 분자 중에 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물 (B)를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 광 경화성 조성물.
<화학식 1-1>
(상기 화학식 1-1 중, R1 내지 R7은 각각 수소 또는 유기기를 나타내고, R1 내지 R7은 동일하거나 상이할 수도 있으며, R1 내지 R7 중 2개가 서로 결합하여 환상 구조를 형성하고 있을 수도 있음) - 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 화학식 1-1 중의 R1이 메틸기인 광 경화성 조성물.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 경화성 화합물 (B)가 에폭시기를 1분자 중에 적어도 2개 갖는 경화성 화합물로서, 글리시딜에테르계 에폭시 수지, 글리시딜에스테르계 에폭시 수지 및 글리시딜아민계 에폭시 수지로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종인 것을 특징으로 하는 광 경화성 조성물.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 경화성 화합물 (B)가 이소시아네이트기를 갖는 우레탄 예비중합체인 광 경화성 조성물.
- 제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 염기성 화합물 (a2)가 아민인 광 경화성 조성물.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 아민이 1분자 중에 아미노기를 적어도 2개 갖는 광 경화성 조성물.
- 제1항 내지 제9항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 염기 증식제 (C)를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 광 경화성 조성물.
- 제1항 내지 제10항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 광 증감제 (D)를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 광 경화성 조성물.
- 제1항 내지 제11항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 에폭시기, (메트)아크릴로일기, 이소시아네이트기, 산 무수물기 및 알콕시실릴기로부터 선택되는 관능기와, 상기 염기성 화합물 (a2)의 염기성 관능기의 몰비가 1:0.01 내지 1:2의 범위 내에 있는 광 경화성 조성물.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 경화성 화합물 (B)의 수평균 분자량을, 상기 에폭시기, (메트)아크릴로일기, 이소시아네이트기, 산 무수물기 및 알콕시실릴기로부터 선택되는 관능기의 수로 나눈 값(수평균 분자량/관능기의 수)이 170 내지 50000의 범위 내에 있는 광 경화성 조성물.
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JP (1) | JP5707622B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR101332463B1 (ko) |
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KR20160082940A (ko) * | 2013-11-13 | 2016-07-11 | 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 | 액정 표시 소자용 시일제, 상하 도통 재료, 및 액정 표시 소자 |
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KR20160082940A (ko) * | 2013-11-13 | 2016-07-11 | 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 | 액정 표시 소자용 시일제, 상하 도통 재료, 및 액정 표시 소자 |
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CN101970572A (zh) | 2011-02-09 |
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WO2009019979A1 (ja) | 2009-02-12 |
JP5707622B2 (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
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