KR101529952B1 - 액정 실링제 및 이것을 사용한 액정 표시 셀 - Google Patents
액정 실링제 및 이것을 사용한 액정 표시 셀 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101529952B1 KR101529952B1 KR1020107009190A KR20107009190A KR101529952B1 KR 101529952 B1 KR101529952 B1 KR 101529952B1 KR 1020107009190 A KR1020107009190 A KR 1020107009190A KR 20107009190 A KR20107009190 A KR 20107009190A KR 101529952 B1 KR101529952 B1 KR 101529952B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- sealing agent
- crystal sealing
- curing
- agent
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polyethers, polyoxymethylenes or polyacetals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K3/1006—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers characterised by the chemical nature of one of its constituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F299/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F299/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers
- C08F299/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3215—Polyhydroxy compounds containing aromatic groups or benzoquinone groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/81—Unsaturated isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/8108—Unsaturated isocyanates or isothiocyanates having only one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group
- C08G18/8116—Unsaturated isocyanates or isothiocyanates having only one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group esters of acrylic or alkylacrylic acid having only one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/42—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof
- C08G59/4238—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof heterocyclic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/42—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof
- C08G59/4246—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof polymers with carboxylic terminal groups
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2003/1034—Materials or components characterised by specific properties
- C09K2003/1059—Heat-curable materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1341—Filling or closing of cells
- G02F1/13415—Drop filling process
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/02—Materials and properties organic material
- G02F2202/022—Materials and properties organic material polymeric
- G02F2202/023—Materials and properties organic material polymeric curable
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/02—Materials and properties organic material
- G02F2202/022—Materials and properties organic material polymeric
- G02F2202/023—Materials and properties organic material polymeric curable
- G02F2202/025—Materials and properties organic material polymeric curable thermocurable
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007298363 | 2007-11-16 | ||
JPJP-P-2007-298363 | 2007-11-16 | ||
PCT/JP2008/070171 WO2009063787A1 (ja) | 2007-11-16 | 2008-11-06 | 液晶シール剤およびそれを用いた液晶表示セル |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20100084162A KR20100084162A (ko) | 2010-07-23 |
KR101529952B1 true KR101529952B1 (ko) | 2015-06-18 |
Family
ID=40638639
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020107009190A KR101529952B1 (ko) | 2007-11-16 | 2008-11-06 | 액정 실링제 및 이것을 사용한 액정 표시 셀 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP5388091B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101529952B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101861545B (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI446076B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2009063787A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5393292B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-26 | 2014-01-22 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 液晶滴下工法用液晶シール剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示セル |
JP5543968B2 (ja) * | 2009-07-01 | 2014-07-09 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 液晶滴下工法用液晶シール剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示セル |
JP5433438B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-22 | 2014-03-05 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 熱硬化型液晶滴下工法用液晶シール剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示セル |
CN103649825B (zh) * | 2011-07-13 | 2016-05-18 | 日本化药株式会社 | 液晶密封剂及使用其的液晶显示单元 |
TW201410853A (zh) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-03-16 | Nippon Kayaku Kk | 液晶密封劑及使用該液晶密封劑之液晶顯示單元 |
JP6212055B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-11 | 2017-10-11 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 液晶シール剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示セル |
JP5531166B1 (ja) * | 2013-03-07 | 2014-06-25 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 液晶表示セルの製造方法及びその方法で得られる液晶表示セル |
WO2014136284A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-07 | 2014-09-12 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 液晶表示セルの製造方法及びその方法で得られる液晶表示セル |
WO2014148270A1 (ja) | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-25 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 液晶シール剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示セル |
JP5685346B1 (ja) * | 2013-05-15 | 2015-03-18 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 液晶滴下工法用シール剤、上下導通材料、及び、液晶表示素子 |
JP6338586B2 (ja) * | 2013-08-23 | 2018-06-06 | 三井化学株式会社 | 液晶シール剤、および液晶表示パネルの製造方法 |
JP6238761B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-20 | 2017-11-29 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 液晶シール剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示セル |
JP2016009584A (ja) * | 2014-06-24 | 2016-01-18 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示素子用封止剤及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示素子 |
WO2016088812A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-09 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | シリコーン粒子、液晶滴下工法用シール剤及び液晶表示素子 |
KR20160069908A (ko) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-17 | 에이치엔에스하이텍 (주) | 요변성이 우수한 광학용 투명 수지조성물 |
WO2016181860A1 (ja) | 2015-05-08 | 2016-11-17 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | シリコーン粒子、シリコーン粒子の製造方法、液晶滴下工法用シール剤及び液晶表示素子 |
JP6584132B2 (ja) * | 2015-05-11 | 2019-10-02 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 樹脂組成物の製造方法 |
JP6465740B2 (ja) * | 2015-05-11 | 2019-02-06 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 液晶シール剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示セル |
KR102389948B1 (ko) * | 2016-11-18 | 2022-04-21 | 가부시끼가이샤 쓰리본드 | 카메라 모듈용 양이온 경화성 접착제 조성물, 경화물 및 접합체 |
JP6338745B1 (ja) | 2016-12-27 | 2018-06-06 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 光硬化性樹脂組成物及び電子部品用封止剤 |
JP6486571B1 (ja) | 2017-06-06 | 2019-03-20 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 電子部品用接着剤 |
KR20190032222A (ko) | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-27 | 닛뽄 가야쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 디스플레이용 접착제 |
JP2019108432A (ja) | 2017-12-15 | 2019-07-04 | 日本化薬株式会社 | ディスプレイ用封止剤 |
JPWO2019221026A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-18 | 2020-05-28 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 液晶表示素子用シール剤、液晶表示素子、及び、液晶表示素子の製造方法 |
KR20210012994A (ko) * | 2018-05-25 | 2021-02-03 | 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 | 액정 표시 소자용 시일제, 상하 도통 재료 및 액정 표시 소자 |
KR20200012739A (ko) | 2018-07-27 | 2020-02-05 | 닛뽄 가야쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 전자 부품용 봉지제, 전자 부품 및 액정 표시 셀 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002030201A (ja) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-31 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | プラスチックフィルム液晶表示素子用シール材及びプラスチックフィルム液晶表示素子 |
JP2006057058A (ja) * | 2004-08-23 | 2006-03-02 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 半導体封止用樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた半導体装置 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1520829A1 (de) * | 1960-02-03 | 1970-01-22 | Gulf Oil Corp | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyamiden |
JP3865429B2 (ja) * | 1996-05-10 | 2007-01-10 | 三井化学株式会社 | 液晶封止用樹脂組成物 |
JP4302381B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-02 | 2009-07-22 | 三井化学株式会社 | 液晶シール剤組成物、液晶表示セルの製造方法および液晶表示素子 |
JP5268235B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-05 | 2013-08-21 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 液晶シール剤およびそれを用いた液晶表示セル |
JP5008117B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-11 | 2012-08-22 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 液晶シール剤およびそれを用いた液晶表示セル |
-
2008
- 2008-07-23 JP JP2008189388A patent/JP5388091B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-06 KR KR1020107009190A patent/KR101529952B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-11-06 WO PCT/JP2008/070171 patent/WO2009063787A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2008-11-06 CN CN2008801160782A patent/CN101861545B/zh active Active
- 2008-11-14 TW TW097144239A patent/TWI446076B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002030201A (ja) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-31 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | プラスチックフィルム液晶表示素子用シール材及びプラスチックフィルム液晶表示素子 |
JP2006057058A (ja) * | 2004-08-23 | 2006-03-02 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 半導体封止用樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた半導体装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI446076B (zh) | 2014-07-21 |
KR20100084162A (ko) | 2010-07-23 |
JP2009139922A (ja) | 2009-06-25 |
TW200931142A (en) | 2009-07-16 |
CN101861545B (zh) | 2012-06-27 |
JP5388091B2 (ja) | 2014-01-15 |
WO2009063787A1 (ja) | 2009-05-22 |
CN101861545A (zh) | 2010-10-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR101529952B1 (ko) | 액정 실링제 및 이것을 사용한 액정 표시 셀 | |
JP4668920B2 (ja) | 液晶シール剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示セル | |
JP4211942B2 (ja) | 液晶シール剤およびそれを用いた液晶表示セル | |
JP5268235B2 (ja) | 液晶シール剤およびそれを用いた液晶表示セル | |
EP1835333B1 (en) | Liquid crystal sealing material and liquid crystal display cells made by using the same | |
EP1803759B1 (en) | Radiation curable resin, liquid crystal sealing material, and liquid crystal display cell using same | |
KR101299026B1 (ko) | 액정 실링제 및 이를 사용한 액정 표시 셀 | |
EP1630594B1 (en) | Sealant for liquid crystal and liquid-crystal display cell made with the same | |
KR20050072810A (ko) | 액정 시일 제 및 이를 사용한 액정 표시 셀 | |
JP2007010769A (ja) | 液晶シール剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示セル | |
JPWO2004039885A1 (ja) | 液晶シール剤組成物及びそれを用いた液晶表示パネルの製造方法 | |
JP2010014771A (ja) | 熱硬化型液晶滴下工法用液晶シール剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示セル | |
JP2004037937A (ja) | 液晶シール剤およびそれを用いた液晶表示セル | |
JP5393292B2 (ja) | 液晶滴下工法用液晶シール剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示セル | |
WO2013005692A1 (ja) | 液晶シール剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示セル | |
JP2005115255A (ja) | 液晶シール剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示セル | |
JP5182834B2 (ja) | 液晶シール剤およびそれを用いた液晶表示セル |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A201 | Request for examination | ||
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20180516 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20190515 Year of fee payment: 5 |