JPWO2009096528A1 - 多孔膜および二次電池電極 - Google Patents
多孔膜および二次電池電極 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2009096528A1 JPWO2009096528A1 JP2009551605A JP2009551605A JPWO2009096528A1 JP WO2009096528 A1 JPWO2009096528 A1 JP WO2009096528A1 JP 2009551605 A JP2009551605 A JP 2009551605A JP 2009551605 A JP2009551605 A JP 2009551605A JP WO2009096528 A1 JPWO2009096528 A1 JP WO2009096528A1
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- 235000010409 propane-1,2-diol alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000770 propane-1,2-diol alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
(1)平均重合度が500〜2500である水溶性高分子と、
無機フィラーと、
非水溶性の粒子状高分子とを含んでなる多孔膜。
(2)前記水溶性高分子が、増粘多糖類から選択される(1)に記載の多孔膜。
(3)前記水溶性高分子が、セルロース系半合成系高分子、そのナトリウム塩及びアンモニウム塩からなる群から選択される(2)に記載の多孔膜。
(4)前記水溶性高分子が、セルロース系半合成系高分子、そのナトリウム塩及びアンモニウム塩からなる群から選択されるものであって、そのエーテル化度が0.5〜1.0である(1)〜(3)の何れかに記載の多孔膜。
(5)前記多孔膜中の水溶性高分子の含有割合が、前記無機フィラー100質量部に対して0.1〜5質量部であり、非水溶性の粒子状高分子の含有割合が、無機フィラー100質量部に対して0.1〜15質量部である(1)〜(4)の何れかに記載の多孔膜。
(6)バインダーと、電極活物質とを含んでなる電極合剤層が、集電体に付着してなり、かつ電極合剤層の表面に、(1)に記載の多孔膜が設けられてなる二次電池電極。
(7)平均重合度が500〜2500である水溶性高分子と、無機フィラーと、非水溶性の粒子状高分子と、分散媒とを含んでなる多孔膜用スラリーを、バインダーと、電極活物質とを含んでなる電極合剤層上に塗布、乾燥する工程を含む(6)に記載の二次電池電極の製造方法。
(8)正極、負極、及び電解液を含むリチウムイオン二次電池であって、正極及び負極の少なくとも一方が、(6)に記載の電極である、リチウムイオン二次電池。
本発明の多孔膜は、水溶性高分子と、無機フィラーと、非水溶性の粒子状高分子とを含む。
水系のスラリーにおいて、水溶性高分子の一部が水中に存在し、一部が無機フィラー表面に吸着することで無機フィラーの水中での分散安定化が行われているものと考えられる。そして、水溶性高分子の平均重合度が無機フィラーへの吸着安定性に大きく影響を与える。
このような無機フィラーは、分散安定性に優れ、多孔膜用スラリーを調製した際にも沈降することなく、均一なスラリー状態を長時間維持する。
ブチルアクリレート・スチレン共重合体、ブチルアクリレート・アクリロニトリル共重合体、ブチルアクリレート・アクリロニトリル・グリシジルメタクリレート共重合体、エチルアクリレート・アクリロニトリル・メタクリル酸・グリシジルメタクリレート共重合体などの、アクリル酸またはメタクリル酸誘導体の単独重合体またはそれと共重合可能な単量体との共重合体
ポリイソブチレン、イソブチレン・イソプレンゴム、イソブチレン・スチレン共重合体などの、イソブチレンの単独重合体またはそれと共重合可能な単量体との共重合体
ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレン、ブタジエン・スチレンランダム共重合体、イソプレン・スチレンランダム共重合体、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエン共重合体、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエン・スチレン共重合体、ブタジエン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体、スチレン・ブタジエン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体、イソプレン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体、スチレン・イソプレン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体などの、ジエン化合物の単独重合体またはそれと共重合可能な単量体との共重合体
ジメチルポリシロキサン、ジフェニルポリシロキサン、ジヒドロキシポリシロキサン
ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ−1−ブテン、エチレン・α−オレフィン共重合体、プロピレン・α−オレフィン共重合体、エチレン・プロピレン・ジエン共重合体(EPDM)、エチレン・プロピレン・スチレン共重合体などの、オレフィン化合物の単独重合体またはそれと共重合可能な単量体との共重合体
ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリステアリン酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル・スチレン共重合体などの不飽和アルコールおよびアミンまたはそのアシル誘導体またはアセタール
ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリプロピレンオキシド、エピクロルヒドリンゴムなどの、エポキシ化合物の単独重合体またはそれと共重合可能な単量体との共重合体
フッ化ビニリデン系ゴム、四フッ化エチレン−プロピレンゴム
天然ゴム、ポリペプチド、蛋白質、ポリエステル系熱可塑性エラストマー、塩化ビニル系熱可塑性エラストマー、ポリアミド系熱可塑性エラストマー
更に、下に例示する軟質重合体もバインダーとして使用することができる。
ポリブチルアクリレート、ポリブチルメタクリレート、ポリヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリアクリロニトリル、ブチルアクリレート・スチレン共重合体、ブチルアクリレート・アクリロニトリル共重合体、ブチルアクリレート・アクリロニトリル・グリシジルメタクリレート共重合体などの、アクリル酸またはメタクリル酸誘導体の単独重合体またはそれと共重合可能な単量体との共重合体である、アクリル系軟質重合体;
ポリイソブチレン、イソブチレン・イソプレンゴム、イソブチレン・スチレン共重合体などのイソブチレン系軟質重合体;
ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレン、ブタジエン・スチレンランダム共重合体、イソプレン・スチレンランダム共重合体、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエン共重合体、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエン・スチレン共重合体、ブタジエン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体、スチレン・ブタジエン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体、イソプレン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体、スチレン・イソプレン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体などジエン系軟質重合体;
ジメチルポリシロキサン、ジフェニルポリシロキサン、ジヒドロキシポリシロキサンなどのケイ素含有軟質重合体;
液状ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ−1−ブテン、エチレン・α−オレフィン共重合体、プロピレン・α−オレフィン共重合体、エチレン・プロピレン・ジエン共重合体(EPDM)、エチレン・プロピレン・スチレン共重合体などのオレフィン系軟質重合体;
ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリステアリン酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル・スチレン共重合体などビニル系軟質重合体;
ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリプロピレンオキシド、エピクロルヒドリンゴムなどのエポキシ系軟質重合体;
フッ化ビニリデン系ゴム、四フッ化エチレン−プロピレンゴムなどのフッ素含有軟質重合体;
天然ゴム、ポリペプチド、蛋白質、ポリエステル系熱可塑性エラストマー、塩化ビニル系熱可塑性エラストマー、ポリアミド系熱可塑性エラストマーなどのその他の軟質重合体などが挙げられる。これらの軟質重合体は、架橋構造を有したものであってもよく、また、変性により官能基を導入したものであってもよい。
以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。尚、本実施例における部および%は、特記しない限り質量基準である。
実施例および比較例において、各種物性は以下のように評価した。
<1. 水溶性高分子>
<1.1 平均重合度>
水溶性高分子の平均重合度は、粘度法を用いて測定した値である。粘度法による平均重合度は、Staudingerの粘度則に基づいて下記算出式:
{η}= Km×P×α
により求められる。式中、Pは平均重合度、{η}は粘度、Kmおよびαは定数である。0.1NのNaClを溶媒としてウベローデ粘度計を用いて極限粘度を求め、平均重合度を算出した。
エーテル化度(置換度)は、以下の方法および式により求められる。
まず、試料0.5〜0.7gを精密にはかり、磁製ルツボ内で灰化する。冷却後、得られた灰化物を500mlビーカーに移し、水約250ml 、さらにピペットでN/10硫酸35mlを加えて30分間煮沸する。これを冷却し、フェノールフタレイン指示薬を加えて、過剰の酸をN/10水酸化カリウムで逆滴定して、次式から置換度を算出する。
置換度=M×A/(10000−80A)
A:試料1g中の結合アルカリ金属イオンに消費されたN/10硫酸のml
a:N/10硫酸の使用ml
f:N/10硫酸の力価係数
b:N/10水酸化カリウムの滴定ml
f1:N/10水酸化カリウムの力価係数
M:試料の重量平均分子量
試料約1gを200mlの水に溶解させ、これにN/10硫酸5mlを加え、10分間煮沸した後、冷却して、フェノールフタレイン指示薬を加え、N/10水酸化カリウムで滴定する。このときの滴定量をSmlとする。同時に空試験を行い、そのときの滴定量をBmlとし、次式からアルカリ度(または酸度)を求める。(B−S)×f値がプラス値の場合はアルカリ度が得られ、マイナスの場合は酸度が得られる。
f:N/10水酸化カリウムの力価係数
<2.1 凝集性>
レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置を用いて多孔膜スラリー中の無機フィラーの分散粒子径を測定し、体積平均粒子径D50を求めた。下記基準で凝集性を判断している。分散粒子径が1次粒子に近いほど凝集性が小さく分散が進んでいることを示している。
B:0.5μm以上〜1.0μm未満
C:1.0μm以上〜2.0μm未満
D:2.0以上〜5.0μm未満
E:5.0μm以上
<3.1 膜均一性>
多孔膜電極、幅6cm×長さ1mにおいて幅方向に3点、長さ方向は5cmおきに厚みを測定し、そのバラつきを計算した。
A:5%未満
B:5%以上〜10%未満
C:10%
D:10%を超え〜50%未満
E:50%以上
<4.1 充放電レート特性>
得られたコイン型電池を用いて、20℃で0.1Cの定電流で0.02Vまで充電し、0.1Cの定電流で1.5Vまで放電する充放電サイクルと、5.0Cの定電流で1.5Vまで放電する充放電サイクルをそれぞれ行った。0.1Cにおける電池容量に対する5.0Cにおける放電容量の割合を百分率で算出して充放電レート特性とし、下記の基準で判定した。この値が大きいほど、内部抵抗が小さく、高速充放電が可能であることを示す。
A:60%以上
B:55%以上60%未満
C:50%以上55%未満
D:50%未満
(粒子状高分子の調製)
撹拌機を備えた反応器に、イオン交換水70部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.2部および過硫酸カリウム0.3部をそれぞれ供給し、気相部を窒素ガスで置換し、60℃に昇温した。一方、別の容器でイオン交換水50部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.5部、および重合性単量体としてエチルアクリレート80部、アクリロニトリル15部、メタアクリル酸3部、グリシジルメタアクリレート2部を混合して単量体混合物を得た。この単量体混合物を4時間かけて前記反応器に連続的に添加して重合を行った。添加中は、60℃で反応を行った。添加終了後、さらに70℃で3時間撹拌して反応を終了した。重合転化率は99%であった。得られた重合反応液を25℃に冷却後、アンモニア水を添加してpHを7に調整し、その後スチームを導入して未反応の単量体を除去し粒子状高分子の40%水分散体を得た。得られた粒子状高分子は、架橋性基としてエポキシ基を有するものであり、ガラス転移温度は−35℃、平均粒子径は150nmであった。
<負極の製造>
負極活物質として粒子径20μm、比表面積4.2m2/gのグラファイトを98部と、バインダーとしてSBR(ガラス転移温度:−10℃)を固形分で1部とを混合し、更にカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)を1部加えてプラネタリーミキサーで混合してスラリー状の負極用電極組成物を調製した。この負極用組成物を厚さ0.1mmの銅箔の片面に塗布し、120℃で3時間乾燥した後、ロールプレスして厚さが100μmの負極を得た。
無機フィラー(α-Al2O3、平均粒子径0.5μm)、水溶性高分子および粒子状高分子を、それぞれの固形分重量比が90:4:6となるように水中で混合して、多孔膜用スラリーを調製した。スラリーにおける原料(固形分の合計)の含有量は、いずれの場合も40質量%とした。なお、水溶性高分子は予め1重量%濃度にて水に溶解させたものを用いた。
多孔膜用スラリーを、負極表面に負極合剤層が完全に覆われるように、乾燥後の厚みが10μmになるように塗工し、110℃で20分間乾燥し、多孔膜を形成し、多孔膜付二次電池電極を得た。多孔膜の膜均一性を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
次いで、得られた電極を直径13mm、負極を14mmφの円形に切り抜いた。電極の負極合剤層が形成されている面側に直径18mm、厚さ25μmの円形ポリプロピレン製多孔膜からなるセパレーター、厚さ0.5mm、直径16mmφのリチウム金属膜を順に積層し、これをポリプロピレン製パッキンを設置したステンレス鋼製のコイン型外装容器中に収納した。この容器中に電解液(EC/DEC=1/2、1MLiPF6)を空気が残らないように注入し、ポリプロピレン製パッキンを介して外装容器に厚さ0.2mmのステンレス鋼のキャップをかぶせて固定し、電池缶を封止して、直径20mm、厚さ約3.2mmのリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した(コインセルCR2032)。得られた電池の充放電レート特性を測定した結果を表2に示す。
Claims (8)
- 平均重合度が500〜2500である水溶性高分子と、
無機フィラーと、
非水溶性の粒子状高分子とを含んでなる多孔膜。 - 前記水溶性高分子が、増粘多糖類から選択されるものである請求項1に記載の多孔膜。
- 前記水溶性高分子が、セルロース系半合成系高分子、そのナトリウム塩及びアンモニウム塩からなる群から選択されるものである請求項2に記載の多孔膜。
- 前記水溶性高分子が、セルロース系半合成系高分子、そのナトリウム塩及びアンモニウム塩からなる群から選択されるものであって、そのエーテル化度が0.5〜1.0である請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の多孔膜。
- 前記多孔膜中の水溶性高分子の含有割合が、前記無機フィラー100質量部に対して0.1〜5質量部であり、非水溶性の粒子状高分子の含有割合が、無機フィラー100質量部に対して0.1〜15質量部である請求項1〜4の何れかに記載の多孔膜。
- バインダーと、電極活物質とを含んでなる電極合剤層が、集電体に付着してなり、かつ電極合剤層の表面に、請求項1に記載の多孔膜が設けられてなる二次電池電極。
- 平均重合度が500〜2500である水溶性高分子と、無機フィラーと、非水溶性の粒子状高分子と、分散媒とを含んでなる多孔膜用スラリーを、バインダーと、電極活物質とを含んでなる電極合剤層上に塗布、乾燥する工程を含む請求項6に記載の二次電池電極の製造方法。
- 正極、負極、及び電解液を含むリチウムイオン二次電池であって、
正極及び負極の少なくとも一方が、請求項6に記載の電極である、
リチウムイオン二次電池。
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CN103151481B (zh) | 2015-10-07 |
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CN103151481A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
KR20100114055A (ko) | 2010-10-22 |
CN101932639B (zh) | 2013-04-17 |
JP5434598B2 (ja) | 2014-03-05 |
JP5704223B2 (ja) | 2015-04-22 |
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US8940442B2 (en) | 2015-01-27 |
US20110020709A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
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