JPH06502676A - デンプンと熱可塑性高分子をベースにした生分解性高分子組成物 - Google Patents
デンプンと熱可塑性高分子をベースにした生分解性高分子組成物Info
- Publication number
- JPH06502676A JPH06502676A JP4508540A JP50854092A JPH06502676A JP H06502676 A JPH06502676 A JP H06502676A JP 4508540 A JP4508540 A JP 4508540A JP 50854092 A JP50854092 A JP 50854092A JP H06502676 A JPH06502676 A JP H06502676A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- component
- starch
- composition according
- polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 title description 4
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 title description 4
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene-2,5-diol Chemical compound OC(=C)CCC(O)=C RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000856 Amylose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002485 inorganic esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KULQACNMKIDJNN-GASJEMHNSA-N (2r,3s,4r,5r)-1-aminohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Chemical compound NC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO KULQACNMKIDJNN-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BZANQLIRVMZFOS-ZKZCYXTQSA-N (3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-butoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound CCCCOC1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O BZANQLIRVMZFOS-ZKZCYXTQSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NYEZZYQZRQDLEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound CCC1=NCCO1 NYEZZYQZRQDLEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BUKOWKOPJSGGQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxy caprylic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)CCCCC(O)=O BUKOWKOPJSGGQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IQBGVZDRJBTLDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)CCC(C)CC(O)=O IQBGVZDRJBTLDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IWHLYPDWHHPVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)=O IWHLYPDWHHPVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004349 Polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005157 alkyl carboxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HOVAGTYPODGVJG-ZFYZTMLRSA-N methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside Chemical compound CO[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HOVAGTYPODGVJG-ZFYZTMLRSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYFFGSSZFBZTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylaminomethanetriol Chemical compound CNC(O)(O)O FYFFGSSZFBZTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoborinic acid Chemical compound OB=O VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- UNVGBIALRHLALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Hexanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCCCO UNVGBIALRHLALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
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Abstract
Description
Claims (26)
- 1.デンプン成分と合成熱可塑性高分子成分を含んでなる溶融物から得られる高 分子組成物であって、該合成成分が、 a)2〜24個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族ヒドロキシ酸、対応するラクトンまた はうクチドの単独重合体; b)2〜24個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族ヒドロキシ酸、対応するラクトンまた はラクチドと、第1のモノマーを構成するもの以外の2〜24個の炭素原子を有 する脂肪族ヒドロキシ酸、対応するラクトンまたはラクチド、芳香族ヒドロキシ 酸、脂肪族または芳香族イソシアネートよりなる群から選択されるモノマーとの 共重合体; c)単独重合体および共重合体a)またはb)の、一以上の以下の成分:i)セ ルロース、または酢酸セルロース、カルボキシルメチルセルロースのような改変 セルロース; ii)アミロース、アミロペクチン、天然のまたは改変デンプン;iii)ジオ ール、ポリエステルプレポリマー、またはジオール末端基を有するポリマーと、 −芳香族または脂肪族二官能性イソシアネート、−芳香族または脂肪族二官能性 エポキシド、−脂肪族ジカルボン酸 −ジカルボン酸性の環状脂肪族酸 −芳香族酸または無水物 との反応から誘導されるポリマー; iv)ポリウレタン、ジイソシアネートおよびアミノアルコールからのポリアミ ドーウレタン、ポリアミド、ジカルボン酸およびアミノアルコールからのポリエ ステル−アミド、アミノ酸およびグリコールのジエステルからのポリエステル尿 素 v)ポリビニルアルコール、エチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体(全体にまた は部分的に加水分解)、およびゲストリンまでの多糖類よりなる群から選択され るポリヒドロキシル化ポリマー; vi)ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルピロリドン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポ リエチルオキサゾリン; vii)ポリアクリレートおよびポリメタアクリレートから選択されるアイオノ マー的ポリマー; とのブロックまたはグラフト共重合体;d)イソシアネート、エポキシド、フェ ニルエステルおよび脂肪族カーボネートよりなる群から選択される鎖伸長剤で改 良された、上にa)およびb)で定義したようなモノマーまたコモノマーから得 られるポリエステル;e)トリメリト酸、ピロメリト酸よりなる群から選択され る多官能性の酸、ポリイソシアネート、およびポリエポキシドにより部分的に架 橋された、上にa)およびb)で定義したモノマーおよびコモノマーから得られ るポリエステル;からなる群より選択される少なくとも一個のポリマーまたはポ リマー混合物を含んでなる高分子組成物。
- 2.デンプンをベースにする成分と合成高分子成分が1:9〜9:1、好ましく は1:4〜4:1の重量比である請求の範囲第1項に記載の組成物。
- 3.合成成分が、6−ヒドロキシカプロン酸、6−ヒドロキシオクタン酸および 3,7−ジメチル−6−ヒドロキシオクタン酸からなる群より選択されるε−ヒ ドロキシ酸または対応するラクトンの重合体を含んでなる請求の範囲第1項に記 載の組成物。
- 4.合成成分が、ε−ヒドロキシ酸と、4,4−ジフェニルメタン−ジイソシア ネート、トルイレンジイソシアネート、イソホロンジイソシアネートおよびヘキ サメチレンジイソシアネートよりなる群から選択されるイソシアネートとの共重 合体である請求の範囲第3項に記載の組成物。
- 5.合成成分が、ポリーε−カプロラクトン、またはε−カプロラクトンと脂肪 族若しくは芳香族イソシアネートとの共重合体またはそれらの混合物を含んでな る請求の範囲第1項に記載の組成物。
- 6.合成成分が、40,000以上の分子量を有するポリーε−カプロラクトン を含んでなる請求の範囲第5項に記載の組成物。
- 7.合成成分が、ポリーε−カプロラクトン、およびε−カプロラクトンの脂肪 族または芳香族イソシアネートとの共重合体の混合物を、重量比5:1〜1:1 で含んでなる請求の範囲第6項に記載の方法。
- 8.合成高分子成分が、高分子a)〜e)およびそれらの混合物から選択される 成分A、並びにエチレン性不飽和のモノマーから誘導されるポリマーを含んでな る成分Bを含んでなり、そのポリマーはヒドロキシル、カルボキシル、カルボキ シアルキル、アルキルカルボキシル、ピロリジル、およびアセタールよりなる群 から選択される少くとも一個の官能性極性基を有する繰返し単位を有する請求の 範囲第1項に記載の組成物。
- 9.成分Bが、ポリビニルアルコール、エチレン−アクリル酸、エチレン−酢酸 ビニル、エチレン−ビニルアルコール、改変されたエチレン−ビニルアルコール 、改変されたポリビニルアルコールおよびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択さ れる高分子を含んでなる請求の範囲第8項に記載の組成物。
- 10.成分Bが、対応するポリーエチレン−酢酸ビニルの加水分解により得られ 、エチレン含量が44重量%以下であり、酢酸基の加水分解度が50〜100% であるポリーエチレン−ビニルアルコールを含んでなる請求の範囲第9項に記載 の組成物。
- 11.成分AおよびBが、1:6〜6:1、好ましくは1:4〜4:1の重量比 で存在する請求の範囲第8項に記載の組成物。
- 12. −約20〜約60重量%のデンプン成分−約10〜約80重量%の成分A −0〜約45重量%の成分B (%量はデンプンと全合成成分の和を基準にして表す)を含んでなる請求の範囲 第8項に記載の組成物。
- 13.約10〜約50重量%の成分A、および約2〜約30重量%の成分Bを含 んでなる請求の範囲第12項に記載の組成物。
- 14. −約5〜約60重量%のデンプン成分、−約40〜約80重量%の成分A、 −0〜約35重量%の成分B (%量はデンプンと全合成成分の和を基準にして表す)を含んでなる、請求の範 囲第8項に記載の組成物。
- 15.約5〜約30重量%の成分Bを含んでなる請求の範囲第14項に記載の組 成物。
- 16.グリセリン、ポリグリセロール、グリセロールエトキシレート、エチレン またはプロピレングルコール、エチレンまたはプロピレンジグリコール、エチレ ンまたはプロピレントリグリコール、ポリエチレンまたはポリプロピレングリコ ール、1,2−プロパンジオール、1,3−プロパンジオール、1,2−、1, 3−、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,5−ペンタンジオール、1,6−、1,5 −ヘキサンジオール、1,2,6−、1,3,5−ヘキサントリオール、ネオペ ンチルグリコール、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、ソルビト ールアセテート、ソルビトールジアセテート、ソルビトールモノエトキシレート 、ソルビトールジプロポキシレート、ソルビトールジエトキシレート、ソルビト ールヘキサエトキシレート、アミノソルビトール、トリヒドロキシメチルアミノ メタン、グルコース/PEG、エチレンオキサイドのグルコースとの反応生成物 、トリメチロールプロパンモノエトキシレート、マンニトールモノアセテート、 マンニトールモノエトキシレート、ブチルグルコシド、グルコースモノエトキシ レート、α−メチルグルコシド、カルボキシメチルソルビトールのナトリウム塩 、ポリグリセロールモノエトキシレートおよびそれらの混合物よりなる群より選 択される可塑剤を、デンプン/合成高分子系を基準にして1〜50重量%含んで なる請求の範囲第1〜8項に記載の組成物。
- 17.可塑剤が、デンプンおよび高分子成分よりなる組成物全体の重量を基準に して5〜25重量%存在する請求の範囲第16項に記載の組成物。
- 18.可塑剤がグリセリン、ソルビトールエトキシレートおよびそれらの混合物 から選択される請求の範囲第16項に記載の組成物。
- 19.組成物全体の重量を基準にして尿素を0.5〜20重量%含む請求の範囲 第16項に記載の組成物。
- 20.組成物全体を基準として、5重量%までのポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン およびポリスチレンよりなる群から選択される疎水性ポリマーを含んでなる請求 の範囲第1〜8項に記載の組成物。
- 21.組成物全体を基準として1.5〜5重量%の水含量を有する請求の範囲第 1〜8項に記載の組成物。
- 22.デンプン成分が78重量%以上のアミロペクチンを含む請求の範囲第1〜 8項に記載の組成物。
- 23.デンプン成分の重量を基準にして0.01〜10重量%の、ホウ酸、ホウ 砂、メタホウ酸、水酸化アルミニウムおよびアルカリ金属塩から選択する添加物 を含んでなる請求の範囲第1〜8項に記載の組成物。
- 24.デンプン成分が70重量%以上のアミクペクチン含量を有する請求の範囲 第23項に記載の組成物。
- 25.デンプン、合成熱可塑性高分子成分および可塑剤を含む熱可塑性高分子組 成物であって、合成熱可塑性成分がエチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体および /またはポリビニルアルコールおよび脂肪族ポリエステルを含んでなり、可塑剤 が以下のもの: a)1〜20個のヒドロキシル化された繰返し単位(各単位は2〜6個の炭素原 子を含む)により形成されるポリオール、b)1〜20個のヒドロキシル化され た繰り返し単位(各単位は2〜6個の炭素原子を含む)により形成されるポリオ ールのエーテル、チオエーテル、無機および有機エステル、アセタール並びにア ミノ誘導体c)1〜20個のヒドロキシル化された繰り返し単位(各単位は2〜 6個の炭素原子を含む)を有するポリオールの鎖伸長剤との反応生成物、d)少 くとも一個のアルデヒド、カルボキシル官能基またはそれらの混合物を含む、1 〜20個のヒドロキシル化された繰り返し単位(各単位は2〜6個の炭素原子を 含む)を有するポリオールの酸化生成物、からなる群より選択される組成物。
- 26.請求の範囲第1〜8項に記載の高分子組成物の使用により得られる物品、 特にフィルム、シート、繊維およびフィラメント。
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ITTO910327A IT1245485B (it) | 1991-05-03 | 1991-05-03 | Membrane permselettive e loro impiego |
AT91112942,7 | 1991-08-01 | ||
EP91112942A EP0525245A1 (en) | 1991-08-01 | 1991-08-01 | Disposable absorbent articles |
IT091A000327 | 1992-03-10 | ||
IT91112942,7 | 1992-03-10 | ||
ITTO920199A IT1256693B (it) | 1992-03-10 | 1992-03-10 | Composizione polimerica amidacea filmabile, ed articoli sagomati, particolarmente film e foglie ottenibili da tale composizione, aventi elevato effetto barriera e procedimento relativo. |
IT092A000199 | 1992-03-10 | ||
ITTO920282A IT1263114B (it) | 1992-03-27 | 1992-03-27 | Composizione polimerica amidacea biodegradabile |
PCT/EP1992/000959 WO1992019680A1 (en) | 1991-05-03 | 1992-05-04 | Biodegradable polymeric compositions based on starch and thermoplastic polymers |
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JPH06502676A true JPH06502676A (ja) | 1994-03-24 |
JP2527523B2 JP2527523B2 (ja) | 1996-08-28 |
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JP4508540A Expired - Fee Related JP2527523B2 (ja) | 1991-05-03 | 1992-05-04 | デンプンと熱可塑性高分子をベ―スにした生分解性高分子組成物 |
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EP (1) | EP0539541B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2527523B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR960008112B1 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE155161T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU658180B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9205258A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2084994C (ja) |
CZ (1) | CZ285748B6 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE69220754T2 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK0539541T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2103943T3 (ja) |
FI (1) | FI115138B (ja) |
GR (1) | GR3024078T3 (ja) |
HU (1) | HU216971B (ja) |
LV (1) | LV12151B (ja) |
NO (1) | NO319011B1 (ja) |
PL (1) | PL174799B1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2095379C1 (ja) |
SK (1) | SK279993B6 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1992019680A1 (ja) |
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