JP7300810B2 - 複合半透膜及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
複合半透膜及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7300810B2 JP7300810B2 JP2017177513A JP2017177513A JP7300810B2 JP 7300810 B2 JP7300810 B2 JP 7300810B2 JP 2017177513 A JP2017177513 A JP 2017177513A JP 2017177513 A JP2017177513 A JP 2017177513A JP 7300810 B2 JP7300810 B2 JP 7300810B2
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- semipermeable membrane
- composite semipermeable
- skin layer
- polyfunctional
- porous support
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- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-aminoethyl)amine Chemical compound NCCN(CCN)CCN MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0006—Organic membrane manufacture by chemical reactions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/06—Flat membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1213—Laminated layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/125—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/125—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction
- B01D69/1251—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction by interfacial polymerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/12—Specific ratios of components used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/40—Details relating to membrane preparation in-situ membrane formation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/20—Specific permeability or cut-off range
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/30—Chemical resistance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
前記多官能アミン成分は、脂環式ジアミンを含み、
前記スキン層は、FT-IR(フーリエ変換赤外分光法)の透過法によって得られる、アミド基のC=O伸縮振動に由来する吸収ピーク強度が0.03以上であることを特徴とする複合半透膜、に関する。
前記多官能アミン成分は、脂環式ジアミンを含み、
前記アミン溶液は、前記多官能アミン成分を3重量%以上含むことを特徴とする複合半透膜の製造方法、に関する。
(上記構造式(3)において、nは1~3の整数である。また、前記構造式(1)~(3)において、環を構成する炭素原子に結合する水素は炭素数1~2のアルキル基で置換されていてもよい。)
(透過流束及び塩阻止率の測定)
作製した平膜状の複合半透膜を所定の形状、サイズに切断し、平膜評価用のセルにセットした。1500mg/LのNaClを含みかつNaOHを用いてpH6.5~7に調整した水溶液を25℃で膜の供給側と透過側に1.5MPaの差圧を与えて膜に30分接触させた。この操作によって得られた透過水の透過速度および電導度を測定し、透過流束(m3/m2・d)および塩阻止率(%)を算出した。塩阻止率は、NaCl濃度と水溶液電導度の相関(検量線)を事前に作成し、それらを用いて下式により算出した。
塩阻止率(%)={1-(透過液中のNaCl濃度[mg/L])/(供給液中のNaCl濃度[mg/L])}×100
作製した複合半透膜をシクロヘキサノンに浸して多孔性ポリスルホン支持体を溶解し、ポリアミド系樹脂を含むスキン層を単離した。なお、スキン層を単離する際に、スキン層の割れ及び裂けを防ぐために予めポリビニルアルコール等の樹脂をスキン層表面に塗って補強してもよい。単離したスキン層をシクロヘキサノンで3回洗浄、エタノールで1回洗浄した。その後、PETフィルム(厚み:約180μm)に設けた直径1cmの穴をスキン層で覆うようにPETフィルム上にスキン層を積層し、スキン層を室温で30分乾燥して測定用サンプルを作製した。そして、フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計(PerkinElmer社製、Spectrum TWO)に測定用サンプルを取り付けて、FT-IR(フーリエ変換赤外分光法)の透過法により700~4000cm-1の範囲でスキャンし、スキン層の形成材料であるポリアミド系樹脂のアミド基のC=O伸縮振動に由来する吸収ピーク強度(1620cm-1付近)を測定した(スキャン回数16回)。
作製した複合半透膜の元素比率をX線光電子分光分析装置(島津社製、ESCA-3200)で分析し、得られた元素比率(atm%)を用いて下式により算出した。
塩素化率(%)={(Cl元素比率-Na元素比率)/(N元素比率/2)}×100
ピペラジン7重量%、ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム0.15重量%、水酸化ナトリウム1.48重量%、及びカンファースルホン酸6重量%を含有するアミン水溶液を多孔性ポリスルホン支持体(非対称膜)上に塗布し、その後、余分なアミン水溶液を除去することにより水溶液被覆層を形成した。次に、前記水溶液被覆層の表面を、トリメシン酸トリクロライド(TMC)0.42重量%をイソパラフィン系溶媒(出光興産社製、IP1016)に溶解させた酸クロライド溶液中に10秒間浸した。その後、前記水溶液被覆層表面の余分な溶液を除去し、60秒間風乾し、さらに120℃の熱風乾燥機中で3分間保持して、多孔性ポリスルホン支持体上にポリアミド系樹脂を含むスキン層を形成して複合半透膜を作製した。
実施例1で作製した複合半透膜を平膜評価用のセルにセットし、pH7.5、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム20ppmを含む水溶液を複合半透膜の供給側と透過側に1.5MPaの差圧を与えて30分接触させてスキン層中のポリアミド系樹脂を塩素化した。
アミン水溶液中のピペラジン濃度を3重量%に変更した以外は実施例2と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。
アミン水溶液中のピペラジン濃度を9重量%に変更した以外は実施例2と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。
次亜塩素酸ナトリウムの濃度を80ppmに変更した以外は実施例2と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作成した。
アミン水溶液中のピペラジン濃度を1.5重量%に変更した以外は実施例2と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。
アミン水溶液中のピペラジン濃度を1.5重量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。そして、作製した複合半透膜をpH7.5、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム700ppmを含む水溶液中に常圧で5分浸漬してスキン層中のポリアミド系樹脂を塩素化した。
Claims (7)
- 多官能アミン成分と多官能酸ハライド成分とを重合して得られるポリアミド系樹脂を含むスキン層が多孔性支持体の表面に形成されている複合半透膜であって、
前記多官能アミン成分は、脂環式ジアミンを含み、
前記スキン層は、FT-IR(フーリエ変換赤外分光法)の透過法によって得られる、アミド基のC=O伸縮振動に由来する吸収ピーク強度が0.06以上であることを特徴とする複合半透膜。 - 前記吸収ピーク強度は、0.1以下である請求項1に記載の複合半透膜。
- 前記脂環式ジアミンは、環を構成するヘテロ原子が窒素である複素脂環式ジアミンである請求項1又は2に記載の複合半透膜。
- 前記複素脂環式ジアミンは、ピペラジンである請求項3に記載の複合半透膜。
- 前記ポリアミド系樹脂は、塩素化率0.1~7%の範囲で塩素化されている請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の複合半透膜。
- 前記多官能酸ハライド成分は、トリメシン酸トリクロライドである請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の複合半透膜。
- 多官能アミン成分を含むアミン溶液と多官能酸ハライド成分を含む有機溶液とを多孔性支持体上で接触させて、ポリアミド系樹脂を含むスキン層を多孔性支持体の表面に形成する工程を含む、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の複合半透膜の製造方法であって、
前記多官能アミン成分は、脂環式ジアミンを含み、
前記アミン溶液は、前記多官能アミン成分を7重量%以上含むことを特徴とする複合半透膜の製造方法。
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US16/645,642 US20200261860A1 (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2018-08-16 | Composite semipermeable membrane and method for manufacturing same |
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