JP6800195B2 - 免疫応答を調節するためのメソポーラスシリカ組成物 - Google Patents
免疫応答を調節するためのメソポーラスシリカ組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、国立衛生研究所によって付与された助成番号R01DE019917に基づく政府の支援によりなされた。政府は本発明に一定の権利を有する。
本発明は、生体適合性の注射用組成物に関する。
大部分の細胞ベースの治療などのエクスビボでの細胞操作を必要とするワクチンは、低下したリンパ節ホーミングおよび制限された効果を引き起こす。
免疫細胞動員化合物および免疫細胞活性化化合物を含むメソポーラスシリカロッド(mesoporous silica rod)を含む、組成物。
[本発明1002]
前記ロッドが直径2〜50nmの孔を含む、本発明1001の組成物。
[本発明1003]
前記ロッドが直径5〜25nmの孔を含む、本発明1001の組成物。
[本発明1004]
前記ロッドが直径5〜10nmの孔を含む、本発明1001の組成物。
[本発明1005]
前記ロッドが直径約8nmの孔を含む、本発明1001の組成物。
[本発明1006]
前記ロッドが5μm〜500μmの長さを含む、本発明1001の組成物。
[本発明1007]
前記ロッドが5μm〜25μmの長さである、本発明1001の組成物。
[本発明1008]
前記ロッドが80μm〜120μmの長さを含む、本発明1001の組成物。
[本発明1009]
前記動員化合物が、顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM-CSF)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド21(CCL-21)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド19(CCl-19)、またはFMS様チロシンキナーゼ3(Flt-3)リガンドを含む、本発明1001の組成物。
[本発明1010]
前記動員化合物がGM-CSFを含む、本発明1001の組成物。
[本発明1011]
抗原をさらに含む、本発明1001の組成物。
[本発明1012]
前記抗原が腫瘍抗原を含む、本発明1011の組成物。
[本発明1013]
前記抗原が腫瘍細胞溶解物を含む、本発明1011の組成物。
[本発明1014]
本発明1001の組成物を対象に投与する段階を含む、ワクチン抗原に対する全身性抗原特異的免疫応答を誘導する方法。
[本発明1015]
ワクチン抗原に対する全身性抗原特異的免疫応答を誘導するため、またはリンパ節にワクチン抗原特異的免疫細胞を戻すことを誘導するための、免疫細胞動員化合物、免疫細胞活性化化合物、およびワクチン抗原を含むメソポーラスシリカロッドを含む組成物の使用。
[本発明1016]
メソポーラスシリカロッドの懸濁液を提供する段階、該ロッドをワクチン抗原、免疫細胞動員化合物、および免疫細胞活性化化合物と接触させる段階を含む、ワクチンを製造する方法。
[本発明1017]
前記ワクチン抗原が腫瘍細胞溶解物を含み、前記動員化合物がGM-CSFを含み、かつ前記活性化化合物がCpG ODNを含む、本発明1016の方法。
[本発明1018]
前記ロッドを、前記ワクチン抗原、前記動員化合物、または前記活性化化合物と接触させる段階の前に、該ロッドがグリコール酸または乳酸により修飾される、本発明1016の方法。
本発明の他の特徴および利点は、その好ましい態様である以下の説明および請求項の記載から明らかであろう。定義がない限り、本明細書で使用される全ての技術的および科学的用語は、本発明が属する当業者によって通常理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。本発明の実施または試験において、本明細書に記載されるものと類似または同等の方法および材料が使用され得るが、適切な方法および材料は以下に記載される。本明細書に引用される全ての外国特許および特許出願は、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。本明細書に引用されたアクセッション番号により示されるGenbankおよびNCBIの提出は、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。本明細書に引用される全ての他の公開された文献、文書、原稿、および科学論文は、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。矛盾する場合には、定義を含む本明細書が優先される。さらに、材料、方法、および例は、説明することのみを目的としており、限定することを意図してはいない。
注射可能なMPSベースのマイクロロッドは、インビボで三次元骨格を形成するためにランダムに自己組織化する。このシステムは、免疫細胞を動員して一時的に収容し、それらに抗原を提示し、それらを危険シグナルによって活性化するために、サイトカインを放出するように設計される。該構造における細胞の動員および一時的な収容または提示の後、これらの免疫細胞は、装置構造から移動し、リンパ節に戻る。したがって、組成物は、装置を介した輸送の結果として、変更され/調節された免疫活性化の状態の内外で輸送/循環する細胞内のものである。
・MPSマイクロロッドのアスペクト比(100ミクロンの長さによる10nmの断面積)は、それらの取り込みを阻害し、したがって、三次元構造の局在化の形成を可能にする。
・8nmの孔サイズは、制御され持続的な様式での拡散を介して送達され得る低分子の吸着を可能にする。
・体積に対する高い表面面積の比は、様々なサイトカイン、危険シグナル、および抗原の負荷の制御を可能にする。
・MPSマイクロロッドの炎症特性は、他の炎症性サイトカインを必要とせずに、免疫細胞の動員を促進する。
・MPSロッドの特性、およびタンパク質がロッドに結合する方法を調節する、MPSロッドの表面化学修飾の能力における多用途性。
・GM-CSFの制御放出は、骨格の部位への免疫細胞の輸送を調節することができる。
・CpG-ODNの制御放出は、動員された樹状細胞を活性化する。
・固定されたタンパク質抗原は、骨格の部位で動員された免疫細胞によって取り込まれる。
メソポーラスシリカナノ粒子は、ミセルロッドで作製された鋳型とオルトケイ酸テトラエチルを反応させることによって合成される。その結果、規則的配列の孔で充填されるナノサイズのスフィアまたはロッドが収集される。その後、鋳型は、適切なpHに調整された溶媒で洗浄することによって除去され得る。別の技術において、メソポーラス粒子は、単純なゾルゲル法または噴霧乾燥法を用いて合成することができた。オルトケイ酸テトラエチルはまた、追加のポリマー単量体(鋳型として)と共に使用される。他の方法は、参照によって本明細書に組み入れられる米国特許出願公開第20120264599号および同第20120256336号に記載されているものを含む。
顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM-CSF)は、マクロファージ、T細胞、肥満細胞、内皮細胞、および線維芽細胞によって分泌されたタンパク質である。具体的には、GM-CSFは、白血球成長因子として機能するサイトカインである。GM-CSFは、顆粒球および単球を産生するために幹細胞を刺激する。単球は、血流を出て、組織に移動し、その後マクロファージにおいて成熟する。
CpG部位は、その長さに沿って直鎖状配列の塩基においてグアニンヌクレオチドの次にシステインヌクレオチドが生じるデオキシリボ核酸(DNA)の領域である(「p」はそれらの間のリン酸結合を示し、それらをシトシン-グアニン相補塩基対形成から区別する)。CpG部位は、遺伝子発現をサイレンシングするために細胞が使用する幾つかの内因性メカニズムの一つであるDNAメチル化において、極めて重要な役割を有する。プロモーター要素におけるCpG部位のメチル化は、遺伝子サイレンシングを引き起こし得る。癌の場合に、腫瘍抑制遺伝子がしばしばサイレンシングされ、癌遺伝子または癌誘発遺伝子が発現されることが知られている。腫瘍抑制遺伝子(これは癌形成を阻害する)のプロモーター領域におけるCpG部位は、メチル化されることが示されているが、癌遺伝子のプロモーター領域におけるCpG部位は、特定の癌において低メチル化または非メチル化される。TLR-9受容体は、DNAにおいて非メチル化CpG部位に結合する。
であり、ここでCpG要素は太字である。SEQ ID NO: 10)を含む。
本明細書に記載される組成物、方法、および装置は、腫瘍抗原または他の抗原を含む。抗原は、そのような装置が投与された対象において防御免疫を誘発し、または治療的免疫応答を産生させる。好ましい腫瘍抗原は、腫瘍細胞溶解物である(例えば、Ali et. al.、2009、Nature Materials 8, 151-158を参照のこと;これは参照により本明細書に組み入れられる)。例えば、腫瘍全体または腫瘍生検試料は、ヒト患者(または非ヒト動物)から抽出され、細胞外基質を分解するためにコラゲナーゼを用いて消化される。その後、腫瘍細胞は、細胞を液体N2中で凍結した後に温浴中で融解する、3サイクルの凍結融解工程を受ける。この工程は、その後GM-CSFおよびCpG ODNと同時にMPS粒子上に負荷される、腫瘍抗原を産生させる。例えば、腫瘍細胞溶解物抗原のワクチン用量は、1×106腫瘍細胞から得られる量である。MPS粒子の製造後、粒子は、例えばPBSなどの生理学的に許容される緩衝液中に懸濁され、ロッドの懸濁液に、動員化合物(例えばGM-CSF)、活性化化合物(例えばCpG)、および抗原が添加される。混合物は室温で一晩振盪され、その後、約4時間、凍結乾燥される。投与の前に、ロッドは再び緩衝液中に懸濁され、懸濁液は1mlのシリンジ(18ゲージ針)に充填される。典型的なワクチン用量は、1回の注射当たり150μlの混合物である。
プルロニックP-123(Sigma-Aldrich)界面活性剤を、室温で1.6M HCl中に溶解し、40℃加熱した。42mmolのオルトケイ酸テトラエチル(TEOS)(Sigma-Aldrich)を加え、撹拌しながら(600 rpm)40℃で20時間加熱した。その後、組成物を100℃に24時間加熱した。ロッド粒子を濾過により回収し、室温で風乾した。粒子をエタノール/HCl(500パートのEtOH に対して5パートのHCl)中で一晩80℃で抽出した。または、粒子を100%エタノール中で4時間550℃で焼成した。MPS組成物は、動員および/または活性化化合物を添加する前または後、ならびに抗原を添加する前または後の使用のために、保存および出荷されてもよい。例えば、抗原が、患者から採取された生検試料から作製された腫瘍細胞溶解物である場合、それは、患者に投与する直前にMPS粒子に加工および添加されてもよい。
標準1-エチル-3-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド(EDC)化学を、グリコール酸または乳酸のカルボン酸を活性化するために使用する。MPS粒子は、アミンプロピルシランを用いて修飾されたアミンである。その後、2つの成分を反応させるために室温で一晩共に混合する。その後、粒子を風乾させる。その後、得られたグリコール酸および/または乳酸で修飾された粒子をGM-CSFまたは上記のような他の化合物と接触させる。
マウス樹状細胞(DC)は、20ng/ml GM-CSFを用いて骨髄細胞から分化された。分化されたDCを106/mlで、100μg/mlのMPS粒子と共に18時間インキュベートし、フローサイトメトリーを用いてCD11c(ebiosciences, San Diego, CA)、CD86(ebiosciences, San Diego, CA)およびMHCクラス-II(ebiosciences, San Diego, CA)の発現について解析した。
MPS骨格を動物から回収し、ロッド由来の細胞を機械的に分離することによって消化した。APC結合CD11c(樹状細胞マーカー)、FITC結合MHCクラス-II、およびPE結合CD86(B7、同時刺激分子)染色を、DCおよび白血球の動員解析のために使用した。細胞は、アイソタイプ対照を用いて陽性のフルオレセインイソチオシアネート(FITC)、アロフィコシアニン(APC)、およびフィコエリトリン(PE)に従ってゲート制御され、各表面抗原に陽性の細胞染色の割合が記録された。
脾臓を採取し、消化した。赤血球を溶解した後、脾細胞をPE-CY7結合CD3(ebiosciences, San Diego, CA)、APC結合CD8(ebiosciences, San Diego, CA)、およびPE結合SIINFEKL(SEQ ID NO: )MHCクラス-I四量体(Beckman Coulter)を用いて解析した。SIINFEKLは、オボアルブミンに由来するペプチド[OVA(257-264)]である。
OT-II(CD4に対する)またはOT-I(CD8に対する)トランスジェニックC57bl/6マウス(Jackson Laboratories)に由来する脾臓を採取、消化、貯蔵し、細胞トレーサー、カルボキシフルオレセインスクシンイミジルエステル(CFSE)で染色した。20×106個の染色された脾細胞/マウスを、免疫化の2日後にC57bl/6(Jackson Laboratories)マウスに静脈内注射した。dLNおよび脾臓を、静脈内注射の4日後に回収し、PE結合CD8またはCD4マーカーを用いて解析した。
血液血清を、オボアルブミンを被覆したプレートを用いたELISAによって、IgG1およびIgG2a抗体に対して解析した。抗体滴定は、ELISA OD読み取り値が>0.3(ブランク)での最低血清希釈として規定された。
本発明はその詳細な説明と共に記載されるが、先の記載は説明することを意図しており、特許請求の範囲によって示される発明の範囲を制限するものではない。他の局面、利点、および改変は、特許請求の範囲の範囲内である。
Claims (31)
- メソポーラスシリカロッド;
免疫細胞を動員するサイトカインを含む免疫細胞動員化合物;
免疫細胞活性化化合物;および
抗原;
を含む、ワクチン組成物。 - 前記ロッドが直径2〜50nmの孔を含む、請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記ロッドが直径5〜25nmの孔を含む、請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記ロッドが直径5〜10nmの孔を含む、請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記ロッドが直径約8nmの孔を含む、請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記ロッドが5μm〜500μmの長さを含む、請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記ロッドが5μm〜25μmの長さである、請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記ロッドが80μm〜120μmの長さを含む、請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記動員化合物が、顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM-CSF)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド21(CCL-21)、ケモカイン(C-Cモチーフ)リガンド19(CCL-19)、またはFMS様チロシンキナーゼ3(Flt-3)リガンドを含む、請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記動員化合物がGM-CSFを含む、請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記抗原が腫瘍抗原を含む、請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記抗原が腫瘍細胞溶解物を含む、請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- 全身性抗原特異的免疫応答を誘導するための薬剤の製造におけるワクチン組成物の使用であって、該ワクチン組成物が、
メソポーラスシリカロッド;
免疫細胞を動員するサイトカインを含む免疫細胞動員化合物;
免疫細胞活性化化合物、および
該抗原に対する全身性抗原特異的免疫応答を誘導するため、またはリンパ節に抗原特異的免疫細胞を戻すことを誘導するための抗原を含む、前記使用。 - 対象に投与されたときに、前記メソポーラスシリカロッドが骨格組成物に自己組織化し、ここで、該骨格組成物が、免疫細胞の該骨格組成物への浸潤および該骨格組成物を介した輸送を可能にする、メソポーラスシリカロッド間の空間を含む、請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- 免疫活性化化合物がTLRアゴニストを含む、請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- TLRアゴニストが病原体関連分子パターン(PAMP)を含む、請求項15記載のワクチン組成物。
- PAMPが細菌由来の免疫調節物質を含む、請求項16記載のワクチン組成物。
- TLRアゴニストが、核酸、脂質、リポポリサッカリド及びそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項15記載のワクチン組成物。
- TLRアゴニストが、TLR3アゴニスト、TLR9アゴニスト及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項15記載のワクチン組成物。
- TLRアゴニストが、シトシン-グアノシンオリゴヌクレオチド(CpG-ODN)、ポリ(エチレンイミン)(PEI)縮合オリゴヌクレオチド(ODN)(PEI-CpG-ODN)、二本鎖デオキシリボ核酸(DNA)、ポリイノシン-ポリシチジン酸(ポリI:C)、PEIポリ(I:C)、ポリアデニル酸-ポリウリジル酸(ポリ(A:U))、PEI-ポリ(A:U)、二本鎖リボ核酸(RNA)、モノホスホリルリピドA(MPLA)、リポポリサッカリド(LPS)、及びそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項15記載のワクチン組成物。
- TLR9アゴニストが、ODN 1585、ODN 1668、ODN 1826、ODN 2006、ODN 2006-G5、ODN 2216、ODN 2336、ODN 2395、ODN M362及びそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項19記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記骨格が、前記メソポーラスシリカロッド、前記免疫細胞動員化合物及び前記免疫細胞活性化化合物が対象に投与されたあとで、自己組織化することによって形成する、請求項14記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記抗原が、MAGE-1、MART-1/メランa、チロシナーゼ、ガングリオシド、gp100、GD-2、O-アセチル化GD-3、GM-2、ムチン-1、Sos1、プロテインキナーゼC結合タンパク質、逆転写酵素タンパク質、AKAPタンパク質、VRK1、KIAA1735、T7-1、T11-3、T11-9、ホモサピエンステロメラーゼ酵素(hTRT)、サイトケラチン-19(CYFRA21-1)、扁平上皮癌抗原1(SCCA-1)、タンパク質T4-A、扁平上皮癌抗原2(SCCA-2)、卵巣癌抗原CA125(1A1-3B)(KIAA0049)、CTCL腫瘍抗原se1-1、CTCL腫瘍抗原se14-3、CTCL腫瘍抗原se20-4、CTCL腫瘍抗原se20-9、CTCL腫瘍抗原se33-1、CTCL腫瘍抗原se37-2、CTCL腫瘍抗原se57-1、CTCL腫瘍抗原se89-1、前立腺特異的膜抗原、5T4癌胎児性栄養膜糖タンパク質、Orf73カポジ肉腫関連ヘルペスウイルス、MAGE-C1(癌/精巣抗原CT7)、MAGE-B1抗原(MAGE-XP抗原)、DAM10、MAGE-B2抗原(DAM6)、MAGE-2抗原、MAGE-4a抗原、MAGE-4b抗原、結腸癌抗原NY-CO-45、肺癌抗原NY-LU-12バリアントA、癌関連表面抗原、腺癌抗原ART1、傍腫瘍性関連脳-精巣癌抗原、癌神経抗原(onconeuronal antigen)MA2、傍腫瘍性神経抗原、神経腫瘍学的腹側抗原(Neuro-oncological ventral antigen)2(NOVA2)、肝細胞癌抗原遺伝子520、腫瘍関連抗原CO-029、腫瘍関連抗原MAGE-X2、滑膜肉腫、Xブレイクポイント2、T細胞によって認識された扁平上皮癌抗原、血清学的に定義された結腸癌抗原1、血清学的に定義された乳癌抗原NY-BR-15、血清学的に定義された乳癌抗原NY-BR-16、クロモグラニンA;副甲状腺分泌タンパク質1、DUPAN-2、CA19-9、CA72-4、CA 195、または、癌胎児性抗原(CEA)を含む請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記免疫細胞が樹状細胞を含む、請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- 前記メソポーラスシリカロッドが、グリコール酸または乳酸で修飾されている、請求項1記載のワクチン組成物。
- 抗原に対する全身性抗原特異的免疫応答を誘導するための薬剤の製造における、請求項1〜12及び14〜25のいずれか一項記載のワクチン組成物の使用。
- 前記ワクチン組成物が対象に投与されたときに、前記ロッドが骨格組成物に自己組織化し、ここで、該骨格組成物が、免疫細胞の骨格組成物への浸潤および骨格組成物を介した輸送を可能にする、メソポーラスシリカロッド間の空間を含む、請求項13記載の使用。
- 前記投与が、前記ワクチン組成物の注射を含む、請求項27記載の使用。
- 前記注射が皮下注射を含む、請求項28記載の使用。
- 前記注射が18ゲージ針を用いる、請求項28又は29記載の使用。
- 前記抗原特異的免疫反応が、リンパ節における胚中心の形成、抗原を認識することができるCD8+細胞傷害性Tリンパ球(CTL)の増殖、抗原特異的CD4+ T細胞の増殖、強力かつ長期間の抗体産生またはバランスのとれたTH1/TH2応答、を含む、請求項27記載の使用。
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