JP6291025B2 - 光学圧力センサアセンブリ - Google Patents
光学圧力センサアセンブリ Download PDFInfo
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Description
本特許出願は、下記の係属特許出願の1つ以上に関係している。米国出願(番号12/790,703、名称"OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FOR BIOLOGICAL IMAGING"、2010年5月28日出願)、米国出願(番号12/829,267、名称"CATHETER-BASED OFF-AXIS OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING SYSTEM"、2010年7月1日出願)、国際出願(名称"OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY WITH GRADED INDEX FIBER FOR BIOLOGICAL IMAGING"、同時出願)、米国出願(番号13/433,049、名称"OCCLUSION-CROSSING DEVICES, IMAGING, AND ATHERECTOMY DEVICES"、2012年3月28日出願)、国際出願(名称"OCCLUSION-CROSSING DEVICES"、同時出願)、国際出願(名称"CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION CROSSING DEVICES WITH IMAGING"、同時出願)、米国出願(番号12/829,277、名称"ATHERECTOMY CATHETER WITH LATERALLY-DISPLACEABLE TIP"、2010年7月1日出願)、米国出願(番号13/175,232、名称"ATHERECTOMY CATHETERS WITH LONGITUDINALLY DISPLACEABLE DRIVE SHAFTS"、2011年7月1日出願)、米国出願(番号13/654,357、名称"ATHERECTOMY CATHETERS AND NON-CONTACT ACTUATION MECHANISM FOR CATHETERS"、2012年10月17日出願)、米国出願(番号13/675,867、名称"OCCLUSION-CROSSING DEVICES, ATHERECTOMY DEVICES, AND IMAGING"、2012年11月13日出願)、国際出願(名称"ATHERECTOMY CATHETERS WITH IMAGING"、同時出願)、国際出願(名称"BALLOON ATHERECTOMY CATHETERS WITH IMAGING"、同時出願)、国際出願(名称"ATHERECTOMY CATHETER DRIVE ASSEMBLIES"、同時出願)。これらの特許出願の各々が参照により全体としてここに組み込まれる。
本明細書で言及されるすべての刊行物及び特許出願は、あたかも個々の刊行物又は特許出願が具体的にかつ個々に提示されて参照により組み込まれていると言える程度に、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
ここでは、生理学的パラメータ、例えば、末梢血管系および冠血管系での血圧、血流予備量比(FFR)などを測定するための光学圧力センシング/センサアセンブリを説明している。特に、光学圧力センサおよびアセンブリは、光干渉法を用いて血管内圧を計算する。説明する実施形態は、既存のイメージングシステム、例えば、光コヒーレンストモグラフィなどを用いた使用と適合しており、アテローム切除術(atherectomy)または他の閉塞横断(occlusion-crossing)装置とともに使用できる。
光ファイバと、
第1端および第2端を有するハウジングであって、光ファイバが通って延びる管腔を含み、第1端において開口を有する該ハウジングと、
ハウジングに装着され、開口に位置決めされた弾性膜であって、圧力に応じてハウジングに対して相対移動可能に構成された弾性膜と、
光ファイバの近位端に装着され、光源との光通信のために構成された光ファイバコネクタとを有する。
光源からの光を光ファイバに通して送信するステップと、
光ファイバからの光を、膜に作用した圧力に応じて移動可能である弾性膜の偏位した面に送信するステップと、
弾性膜から反射または散乱した光を、検出器へ送信するステップと、
反射または散乱した光を検出器で受信するステップと、
弾性膜から検出器によって受信した光から、血管内圧力測定値を発生するステップとを含む。
光ファイバをカテーテルの管腔に通して前進させるステップと、
光源からの光を光ファイバに通して送信するステップと、
光ファイバからの光を、圧力の下でファイバに向けて偏位する、カテーテル上の可撓性膜に送信するステップと、
弾性膜から反射または散乱した光を、検出器へ送信するステップと、
反射または散乱した光を検出器で受信するステップと、
弾性膜から検出器によって受信した光に基づいて、血管内圧力測定値を発生するステップとを含む。
細長い本体と、
細長い本体内で、細長い本体の近位端から細長い本体の遠位端へ延びている中心管腔と、
細長い本体の遠位端にあり、細長い本体に対して相対回転するように構成され、弾性膜が横断して位置している開口を有する回転可能な先端であって、膜は、膜の外面に対して作用する圧力に応じて、偏位するように構成されている、回転可能な先端と、
回転可能な先端と接続され、それとともに回転するように構成された光ファイバと、を含む。
OCTは、血管などの身体管腔内を含む組織の領域を撮像するのに特に有用である1つのテクニックとして提案されている。基本レベルにおいて、OCTは、光源から進んでより遠くの物体から散乱する光が、近隣の物体から散乱する光より、逆行するのがより長いという事実に依拠している。光の波の性質に起因して、ミクロンスケールで異なる距離を進行する光信号によって生ずる極めて小さい時間差が、基準光信号との建設的干渉または破壊的干渉を生じさせる。OCTシステムは、得られた干渉を測定して、目標の画像を得る。典型的なOCTシステムが、信号を印加された光から区別するために、1つ以上の干渉計を必要とする。
上述のように、血管内圧測定のための挑戦の1つが、例えば、ドリフトなどの電気的干渉の不具合を回避する圧力センサのニーズであり、これは、電気圧力センサの精度および信頼性に影響を与える。このニーズに対処するために、説明する実施形態は、干渉計を使用して血管内圧を決定する光学ベースの圧力センサを提供する。特に、想定される圧力センサは、血管圧力によって偏位する弾性膜からの反射または散乱した光を使用して、目標血管場所での血圧を決定する。機構が光ベースであるため、ドリフトなどの電気的外乱が回避される。
このセクションでは、光学圧力センサアセンブリを用いて圧力を測定する方法を説明する追加の詳細を提供する。一般的事項として、光干渉計のために使用される任意の方法が、基準および目標からの反射し散乱した光を検出することに適用できる。典型的には、干渉計が、光源からの光を光ファイバを通じて送信する。送信された光は、しばしば2つのビームに分岐され、第1ビームは、基準構造に向けられ、第2ビームは、目標構造に向けられる。各ビームが構造に出会うと、構造は、受けた光を反射及び/又は散乱することになる。反射/散乱した光の幾つかは、光ファイバに入って、検出器まで進行する。検出器または検出器と通信する別個のプロセッサが、受信した光を用いて、光ファイバの送信端と出会った構造の散乱/反射ポイントとの間の距離を決定できる。
Claims (20)
- 光出射端を有し、光源との間で光通信を行うように構成された光ファイバと、
細長い本体と光ファイバが通過する管腔とを含み、側壁に開口が設けられたハウジングと、
開口を横断して設けられ且つ開口の両側でハウジングに装着された弾性膜であって、ハウジング外側の圧力に応じてハウジングに対して中立位置から偏位位置まで相対移動可能に構成された弾性膜と、
コントローラとを備え、
コントローラは、
光ファイバから入力される読出しを用いて、中立位置から偏位位置への弾性膜の偏位量を計算するように、かつ、
弾性膜の偏位量に基づいて、ハウジングの外側の圧力を決定するように、構成されている、光学圧力センサアセンブリ。 - 光ファイバの遠位端が、ハウジング内で開口近くに固定され、ファイバの遠位端は、光源からの光を弾性膜へ送信し、弾性膜によって反射または散乱した光を受信するように構成される請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
- 光ファイバは、ハウジングに対して相対移動可能である請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
- 弾性膜は、正の圧力下で光ファイバに向けて偏位するように構成される請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
- 弾性膜は、膜が正の圧力下で偏位した場合、光ファイバに面する凸面を含む請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
- 弾性膜は、開口を覆うように構成される請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
- 弾性膜は、光ファイバの遠位端に向けて光を反射し散乱するように構成される請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
- 弾性膜は、フッ素化エチレンプロピレンで製作される請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
- 弾性膜は、光ファイバに面した第1面と、血管内腔に面するように構成された第2面とを含み、正の圧力が弾性膜の第2面に印加された場合、第1面と光ファイバとの間の距離が減少する、請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
- 弾性膜は、正の圧力下でハウジングの中心長手軸に向けて移動するように構成される請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
- 圧力センサ較正データを保存するメモリストレージ装置をさらに備える請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
- アセンブリについての圧力センサ較正データを保存するEEPROMをさらに備える請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
- 較正データは、弾性膜について圧力対偏位の関係を含む請求項11記載のアセンブリ。
- ファイバを出射した光を弾性膜に向けて反射させる、開口に対して整列したミラーをさらに備える請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
- 光ファイバの遠位端において界面媒体をさらに備え、該界面媒体は、光ファイバの第2屈折率とは異なる第1屈折率を有し、屈折率の相違は、フレネル反射を生じさせる請求項2記載のアセンブリ。
- 界面媒体は、Masterbond社のEP42HT−2、EpoTek社のOG127−4またはOG116、あるいはUV硬化性光接着剤OP−4−20658からなるグループから選択された接着剤である請求項15記載のアセンブリ。
- アセンブリの一部を回転し、OCT画像を発生するように構成された回転機構をさらに備える請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
- カテーテルがハウジングを形成し、カテーテルは、約0.014インチ〜約0.019インチの外径を有する請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
- コリメートした光をファイバの近位端の中に送信するように構成されたレンズをさらに備える請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
- アセンブリは、カテーテル管腔を通る挿入のための寸法を有する請求項1記載のアセンブリ。
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EP2967367A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
WO2014142958A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
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