JP6230989B2 - 非水電解質溶液およびその非水電解質溶液を含む電気化学セル - Google Patents
非水電解質溶液およびその非水電解質溶液を含む電気化学セル Download PDFInfo
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- JP6230989B2 JP6230989B2 JP2014505224A JP2014505224A JP6230989B2 JP 6230989 B2 JP6230989 B2 JP 6230989B2 JP 2014505224 A JP2014505224 A JP 2014505224A JP 2014505224 A JP2014505224 A JP 2014505224A JP 6230989 B2 JP6230989 B2 JP 6230989B2
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- Prior art keywords
- fluorinated
- electrolyte solution
- carbonate
- group
- phosphate
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- -1 phosphazene compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical class O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- JLEXUIVKURIPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.OCC(N)(CO)CO JLEXUIVKURIPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- KHUXNRRPPZOJPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxy radical Chemical group O=C1C=C[CH]C=C1 KHUXNRRPPZOJPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- ZQBFAOFFOQMSGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F ZQBFAOFFOQMSGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane Chemical group FC(F)C(F)(F)COC(F)(F)C(F)F HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XNZZEQCBAGUFMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6-pentafluoro-6-phenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound FP1(F)=NP(F)(F)=NP(F)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 XNZZEQCBAGUFMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CBTAIOOTRCAMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxy-2,4,4,6,6-pentafluoro-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound CCOP1(F)=NP(F)(F)=NP(F)(F)=N1 CBTAIOOTRCAMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GHQVTDPWFRUEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N COCCOP(F)=NP(F)N(F)P(F)F Chemical compound COCCOP(F)=NP(F)N(F)P(F)F GHQVTDPWFRUEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- STSCVKRWJPWALQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID ETHYL ESTER Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(F)(F)F STSCVKRWJPWALQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- HEAARZQULJNSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1(F)F HEAARZQULJNSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VGJOAISDEPXNNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dimethoxyphosphoryl-4-fluorobenzene Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 VGJOAISDEPXNNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BURXUZQXZYGEGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoroethyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CC(F)OC(O)=O BURXUZQXZYGEGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004206 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 claims description 2
- YCFMATXINRTPOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluorobutyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCC(F)COC(O)=O YCFMATXINRTPOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YJPJOELHSKMFPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=C1OC(=O)OC1=C YJPJOELHSKMFPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XILBBBKPGSBWAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)OP1(=NP(=NP(=N1)(F)F)(F)F)OCC Chemical compound C(C)OP1(=NP(=NP(=N1)(F)F)(F)F)OCC XILBBBKPGSBWAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PUYDSYZHTYHQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N FN(P(F)F)P(F)N=P(F)Oc1ccccc1 Chemical compound FN(P(F)F)P(F)N=P(F)Oc1ccccc1 PUYDSYZHTYHQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910011939 Li2.6 Co0.4 N Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010199 LiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010586 LiFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910016087 LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910014071 LiMn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013086 LiNiPO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013831 LiP(O2CCF2CO2)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013391 LizN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LSRMKTAEYAQFEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N OP(OC(F)(F)F)=O Chemical compound OP(OC(F)(F)F)=O LSRMKTAEYAQFEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WLLOZRDOFANZMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COC(=O)OCC(F)(F)F WLLOZRDOFANZMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- GADKBQVQNRVFNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OCC(F)(F)C(F)F GADKBQVQNRVFNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHHPUKUEMKPCII-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl fluoromethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCF UHHPUKUEMKPCII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- GBHRVZIGDIUCJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogenphosphite Chemical class OP([O-])[O-] GBHRVZIGDIUCJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 101150004907 litaf gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- GBPVMEKUJUKTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OCC(F)(F)F GBPVMEKUJUKTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SUQDLGGRKRPDGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl bis(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)COP(=O)(OC)OCC(F)(F)C(F)F SUQDLGGRKRPDGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004692 perflenapent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- NJCBUSHGCBERSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoropentane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F NJCBUSHGCBERSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZCFMZNRWGFMVFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)OP(=O)(OC(F)(F)C(F)F)OC(F)(F)C(F)F ZCFMZNRWGFMVFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019000 fluorine Nutrition 0.000 claims 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- DPDMZACOTSJMOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoropentan-3-yl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(CC)OC(O)=O DPDMZACOTSJMOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004793 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group Chemical group FC(CO*)(F)F 0.000 claims 1
- PDHIWTIQCGZFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diethyl-4,4,6,6-tetrafluoro-1,3,5-triaza-2lambda5,4lambda5,6lambda5-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound C(C)P1(=NP(=NP(=N1)(F)F)(F)F)CC PDHIWTIQCGZFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NOLGJZJMWUDWQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoroethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OCCF NOLGJZJMWUDWQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WRGHGNLPNCILIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCOP(F)=NP(F)N(F)P(F)F Chemical compound CCOP(F)=NP(F)N(F)P(F)F WRGHGNLPNCILIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UQWOVIXPXCKBTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [ethoxy-fluoro-[fluoro-[fluoro(fluorophosphanyl)amino]phosphanyl]imino-lambda5-phosphanyl]oxyethane Chemical compound O(CC)P(=NP(N(PF)F)F)(F)OCC UQWOVIXPXCKBTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YZWIIIGEQKTIMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-fluoroethyl) carbonate Chemical compound FCCOC(=O)OCCF YZWIIIGEQKTIMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IQFAIEKYIVKGST-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(fluoromethyl) carbonate Chemical compound FCOC(=O)OCF IQFAIEKYIVKGST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 84
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 5
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LARLSBWABHVOTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C(C(F)(F)F)(O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 LARLSBWABHVOTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XUPYJHCZDLZNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCC XUPYJHCZDLZNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NMJJFJNHVMGPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl formate Chemical compound CCCCOC=O NMJJFJNHVMGPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoate Chemical compound CNC(=O)CSP(=S)(OC)OC MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl methylphosphonate Chemical group COP(C)(=O)OC VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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Description
本発明は、非水電解質溶液と、その非水電解質溶液を備える電気化学的エネルギー貯蔵装置とに関する。より具体的には、本発明は、(a)1つ以上の溶媒、(b)1つ以上のイオン性塩、および(c)1つ以上の添加剤を含む非水電解質溶液に関する。エネルギー貯蔵電気化学セル(例えば、リチウム金属電池、リチウムイオン電池、リチウムイオンキャパシタ、および超コンデンサ)における発火を防止すること、または可燃性を減少させることが可能な非水電解質溶液は、非フッ素化カーボネート、リチウム塩、ホスファゼン化合物、およびフッ素化溶媒を含む。このような電解質溶液は、電池性能を向上させ、サイクル中および高温貯蔵中の容量低下を減少させ、かつ電解質溶液により作製された電池の可燃性を防止または減少させる。
リチウムイオン電池電解質溶液の可燃性
SET(自己消化性時間)テストは、リチウムイオン電池電解質溶液の可燃性を検査するために広く使用されている。テストは、ドラフトチャンバー(ヒュームフード)内で実行される。約1cmの直径のグラスウールボールをアルミニウムのカップの中心に置き、0.6gの電解質溶液をボールに滴下する。次に、プロパンガスの炎を約1秒間ボールと接触させる。次に、プロパンガス源を遠ざける。電解質溶液が発火する場合、炎を維持し、ガス源が除去された時から炎が自己消化するまでのSET時間を測定する。電解質溶液が発火しない場合、SET時間は0として記録される。3回から5回のトライアルについて同じ電解質溶液を上述のようにテストし、合計燃焼時間をトライアルの数で割ることによって、平均のSETを得る。その平均SET時間が0であるか、または0に近い場合、電解質溶液は、不燃性であると考えられる。指示電解質溶液を燃焼させる目的で、最大5回のトライアルを実施した。
Claims (22)
- リチウム塩および溶媒を含む電解質溶液であって、
a.前記溶媒は、
i.環状カーボネートおよび直鎖カーボネートのうちの少なくとも1つと、
ii.構造(PNX1X2X3X 4 ) nによって表される少なくとも1つのホスファゼン化合物であって、式中、n=1〜4であり、それによってn個のP−N中心を形成し、X1〜X 4 は、無、ハロゲン、酸素、硫黄、アルキル、アルコキシル、アルコキシ−アルコキシル(ROR’O−、式中RおよびR’は任意のアルキル基)、フェニル、フェノキシル、またはシロキシルから成る群から各P−N中心について独立して選択される置換基であるが、但し、フッ素であるかまたはフッ素を含有する少なくとも1つの置換基Xが存在し、かつnが1〜4であることを条件とする、ホスファゼン化合物と、
iii.少なくとも1つのフッ素化溶媒と、
を含み、
iv.前記ホスファゼンの式のnが3であり、かつX1〜X 4 がアルコキシ−アルコキシルを含まないとき、前記少なくとも1つのフッ素化溶媒は、有機リン酸塩、有機ホスホン酸塩、フッ素化エステル、およびフッ素化アルカンから成る群から選択され、
v.前記ホスファゼンの式のnが1、2、または4であるときか、または前記ホスファゼンの式のnが3であり、かつX1〜X 4 が少なくとも1つのアルコキシ−アルコキシル基を含むとき、前記少なくとも1つのフッ素化溶媒は、フッ素化カーボネートおよびフッ素化エーテル、有機リン酸塩、有機ホスホン酸塩、フッ素化エステル、ならびにフッ素化アルカンから成る群から選択され、
前記有機リン酸塩と前記有機ホスホン酸塩のうちの少なくとも1種は、フッ素化アルキルリン酸、フッ素化芳香族リン酸、フッ素化アルキルホスホン酸、フッ素化芳香族ホスホン酸のうちの少なくとも1種から選択され、
前記フッ素化アルキルリン酸又は前記フッ素化芳香族ホスホン酸は、リン酸トリス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)、リン酸トリス(1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエチル)、リン酸トリス(ヘキサフルオロ−イソプロピル)、(2,2,3,3−テトラフルオロプロピル)リン酸ジメチル、ビス(2,2,3,3−テトラフルオロプロピル)リン酸メチル、リン酸トリス(2,2,3,3−テトラフルオロプロピル)、フェニルジ(トリフルオロメチル)ホスホン酸塩および4−フルオロフェニルホスホン酸ジメチル及びこれらの混合物から選択され、
iv、vのいずれの場合も、前記フッ素化溶媒として前記有機リン酸塩と前記有機ホスホン酸塩の少なくとも一方を含有する
電解質溶液。 - a.前記溶媒は、
前記有機リン酸塩及び/又は前記有機ホスホン酸塩に加えて、フッ素化カーボネート、フッ素化エーテル、フッ素化エステル、フッ素化アルカンから成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの更なるフッ素化溶媒、
を含む、請求項1に記載の電解質溶液。 - 前記ホスファゼン化合物の量は、前記電解質溶液の0.01〜10体積%である、請求項1に記載の電解質溶液。
- 前記有機リン酸塩と有機ホスホン酸塩の少なくとも一方からなる溶媒の量は、0.01〜20体積%である、請求項1に記載の電解質溶液。
- 前記ホスファゼン化合物における少なくとも半分の前記置換基は、フッ素であるか、またはフッ素化されている、請求項1に記載の電解質溶液。
- 前記フッ素化溶媒は、部分的または完全にフッ素化されている、請求項1に記載の電解質溶液。
- 前記有機リン酸塩と前記有機ホスホン酸塩の少なくとも一方は、部分的または完全にフッ素化されている、請求項1に記載の電解質溶液。
- 前記ホスファゼンは、フッ素化され、エトキシル−ペンタフルオロトリホスファゼン、フェノキシル−ペンタフルオロトリホスファゼン、ジエトキシル−テトラフルオロトリホスファゼン、およびメトキシエトキシル−ペンタフルオロトリホスファゼン、ならびにそれらの組み合わせから選択される、請求項1に記載の電解質溶液。
- フッ素化アルキルリン酸が存在し、リン酸トリス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエトキシ)およびリン酸トリス(ヘキサフルオロ−イソプロピル)、ならびにそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される、請求項1に記載の電解質溶液。
- フッ素化エーテルが存在し、フッ素化エーテルは、3−(1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエトキシ)−(1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロ)−プロパンである、請求項1に記載の電解質溶液。
- フッ素化カーボネートが存在し、フッ素化カーボネートは、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、ビス(フルオロメチル)カーボネート、ビス(フルオロエチル)カーボネート、フルオロエチルフルオロメチルカーボネート、メチルフルオロメチルカーボネート、エチルフルオロエチルカーボネート、エチルフルオロメチルカーボネート、メチルフルオロエチルカーボネート、およびそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される、請求項1に記載の電解質溶液。
- フッ素化エステルおよびフッ素化アルカンのうちの前記少なくとも1つは、トリフルオロ酢酸(2,2,3,3−テトラフルオロプロピル)、パーフルオロペンタン、1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロシクロヘキサン、2,2,2−トリフルオロプロピオン酸エチル、酢酸エチル2,2,2−トリフルオロ、およびそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される、請求項1に記載の電解質溶液。
- 前記電解液は、SEI形成剤、過充電保護剤、膨張防止剤、低温性能向上剤、高温性能向上剤、ビニレンカーボネート、プロピレンスルトン、ビニルエチレンカーボネート、4−メチレン−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オン、および4,5−ジメチレン−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オン、ビフェニル、イソプロピルベンゼン、ヘキサフルオロベンゼンから成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの性能向上添加剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の電解質溶液。
- i.環状及び直鎖カーボネートとして、非フッ素化環状カーボネートと非フッ素化直鎖カーボネートのうちの少なくとも1種と、
ii.エトキシル−ペンタフルオロシクロトリホスファゼン、フェノキシル−ペンタフルオロシクロトリホスファゼン、ジエトキシル−テトラフルオロシクロトリホスファゼン、メチル−トリフルオロホファゼン、エチル−トリフルオロホファゼン、メトキシエトキシル−ペンタフルオロトリホスファゼンからなる群より選択されるホスファゼン化合物と、
iii.リン酸トリス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)、リン酸トリス(ヘキサフルオロ−イソプロピル)、フッ素化ジメチレンカーボネート、1,1’−フルオロジメチルカーボネート、(1,1,2,2)−テトラフルロ−3−(1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエトキシ)−プロパンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのフッ素化溶媒と、
を含む請求項1に記載の電解質溶液。 - 正電極、負電極、および請求項1に記載の電解質溶液を含む、電気化学的装置。
- a.アノードと、
b.カソードと、
c.請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の電解質溶液と、
を備える、2次電池。 - 前記ホスファゼン化合物は、エトキシル−ペンタフルオロシクロトリホスファゼン、フェノキシル−ペンタフルオロシクロトリホスファゼン、ジエチル−テトラフルオロシクロトリホスファゼン、メチル−トリフルオロホファゼン、エチル−トリフルオロホファゼン、およびそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される、請求項16に記載の2次電池。
- 前記ホスファゼン化合物は、前記電解質溶液の0.01〜10%の量で存在する、請求項16に記載の2次電池。
- ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)カーボネート、2,2,2−トリフルオロエチルメチルカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、2,2,2−トリフルオロエチルプロピルカーボネート、リン酸トリス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエトキシ)、3−(1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエトキシ)−1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロプロパン、およびそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択されるフッ素化化合物が用いられた、請求項16に記載の2次電池。
- 前記電解質溶液は、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiTaF6、LiAlCl4、Li2B10Cl10、Li2B12FxH(12−x)(式中、x=0〜12である)、LiB(C2O4)2、LiB(O2CCH2CO2)2、LiB(O2CCF2CO2)2、LiB(C2O4)(O2CCH2CO2)、LiB(C2O4)(O2CCF2CO2)、LiP(C2O4)3、LiP(O2CCF2CO2)3、LiClO4、LiCF3SO3;LiN(SO2CmF2m+1)(SO2CnF2n+1)、LiC(SO2CkF2k+1)(SO2CmF2m+1)(SO2CnF2n+1)(式中、それぞれk=1〜10、m=1〜10、かつn=1〜10である)、LiN(SO2CpF2pSO2)、およびLiC(SO2CpF2pSO2)(SO2CqF2q+1)(式中、p=1〜10かつq=1〜10である)、LiPFX(RF)6−XおよびLiBFy(RF)4−y(式中、RFが全フッ素置換されたC1〜C20アルキル基または全フッ素置換された芳香族基を表し、x=0〜5であり、かつy=0〜3である)、LiBF2[O2C(CX2)nCO2]、LiPF2[O2C(CX2)nCO2]2、LiPF4[O2C(CX2)nCO2](式中、XがH、F、Cl、C1−C4アルキル基およびフッ素化アルキル基から成る群から選択され、かつn=0〜4である)、ならびにそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される塩をさらに含む、請求項16に記載の2次電池。
- 前記カソードは、LiCoO2、LiMnO2、LiMn2O4、Li2Cr2O7、Li2CrO4、LiNiO2、LiFeO2、LiNixCo1−xO2(0<x<1)、LiFePO4、LiVPO4、LiMnPO4、LiNiPO4、LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2、LiMn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3O2、LiNixCoyMezO2(式中、MeがAl、Mg、Ti、B、Ga、またはSiのうちの1つ以上であり得、かつ0<x,y,z<1であり得る)、およびLiMc0.5Mn1.5O4(式中、Mcが2価金属である)、ならびにそれらの混合物から成る群から選択されるリチウム混合金属酸化物を含む、請求項16に記載の2次電池。
- 前記アノードは、炭素質材料、リチウム金属、LiMnO2、LiAl、LiZn、Li3Bi、Li3Cd、Li3Sb、Li4Si、Li4.4Pb、Li4.4Sn、LiC6、Li3FeN2、Li2.6Co0.4N、Li2.6Cu0.4N、Li4Ti5O12、およびそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される材料を含む、請求項16に記載の2次電池。
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CN103827416A (zh) | 2014-05-28 |
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