JP6086894B2 - 癌の治療のためのクローディン18に対するモノクローナル抗体 - Google Patents
癌の治療のためのクローディン18に対するモノクローナル抗体 Download PDFInfo
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Description
・ CLD18A1またはCLD18A2のいずれかを発現する細胞への結合特性および/または前記細胞上で媒介されるエフェクター機能(CLD18スプライス変異体の識別)、
・ グリコシル化または非グリコシル化CLD18変異体のいずれかを発現する細胞への結合特性および/または前記細胞上で媒介されるエフェクター機能(N−グリコシル化を含むCLD18変異体とN−グリコシル化を含まないCLD18変異体の識別)、
・ 密着結合の形成によって隠されたCLD18エピトープへの結合特性、
・ 生細胞でのCLD18の凝集体形成を誘導する能力、および
・ 非ヒトCLD18変異体、特にマウス、ラット、ウサギおよび霊長動物からのCLD18変異体に結合する能力。
b)CLD18A2に結合するがCLD18A1には結合しないこと(たとえば26B5、37G11、38G5、42E12および43A11、45C1、125E1、163E12、166E2、175D10、ch−43A11、ch−45C1、ch−125E1、ch−163E12、ch−166E2、ch−175D10)
c)腫瘍細胞によって天然に発現されるCLD18に結合するが、胃および肺の細胞などの非癌細胞または組織によって天然に発現されるCLD18には結合しないこと(たとえば26B5、75B8、24H5、39F11、45C1、125E1、163E12、166E2、175D10)
d)CLD18A2を発現する細胞のCDC誘導性死滅を媒介するが、CLD18A1を発現する細胞のCDC誘導性死滅は媒介しないこと(たとえば26D12、28D10、37H8および39F11、163E12、ch−125E1、ch−163E12、ch−175D10)
e)CLD18を発現する細胞のADCC誘導性死滅を媒介すること(たとえば26B5、37G11、37H8、38G5、38H3、39F11、43A11、47D12および61C2、ch−163E12、ch−175D10)
f)CLD18を発現する細胞のADCC誘導性死滅を媒介するが、CDC媒介性死滅は媒介しないこと(たとえば37G11、42E12および43A11)
g)CLD18A2を発現する細胞のADCC誘導性死滅およびCDC誘導性死滅を媒介すること(たとえば37H8、38H3、39F11、ch−163E12、ch−175D10)。
a)正常な胃の分化した細胞に結合するが、胃の幹細胞には結合しない(たとえば39F11)
b)正常胃組織ならびに他の正常器官には結合せず、もっぱら癌細胞にのみ結合する(たとえば26B5)
c)CLD18の116位の非グリコシル化Asnを含むエピトープに結合する
d)ヒトならびにマウスCLD18に結合し、マウスにおいて前臨床毒性試験を実施することを十分に許容する、
分子をさらに包含する。
b)約100nM以下、好ましくは約5〜10nM以下、より好ましくは約1〜3nM以下の、CLD18、特にCLD18A2に対する結合親和性;
c)CD55/59陰性またはCD55/59陽性細胞のいずれかに対して高レベルのCDCを媒介する能力;
d)CLD18を発現する細胞の増殖を阻害する能力;
e)CLD18を発現する細胞のアポトーシスを誘導する能力;
f)CLD18を発現する細胞の同型接着を誘導する能力;
g)エフェクター細胞の存在下でCLD18を発現する細胞のADCCを誘導する能力;
h)CLD18を発現する腫瘍細胞を有する被験者の生存を延長させる能力;
i)CLD18を発現する細胞を激減させる能力;
j)低レベルのCLD18を発現する細胞を激減させる能力および/または
k)生細胞の表面でCLD18を凝集させる能力。
b.2005年10月19日に寄託された、182−D1106−056、アクセッション番号DSM ACC2738
c.2005年10月19日に寄託された、182−D1106−057、アクセッション番号DSM ACC2739
d.2005年10月19日に寄託された、182−D1106−058、アクセッション番号DSM ACC2740
e.2005年10月19日に寄託された、182−D1106−059、アクセッション番号DSM ACC2741
f.2005年10月19日に寄託された、182−D1106−062、アクセッション番号DSM ACC2742
g.2005年10月19日に寄託された、182−D1106−067、アクセッション番号DSM ACC2743
h.2005年11月17日に寄託された、182−D758−035、アクセッション番号DSM ACC2745
i.2005年11月17日に寄託された、182−D758−036、アクセッション番号DSM ACC2746
j.2005年11月17日に寄託された、182−D758−040、アクセッション番号DSM ACC2747
k.2005年11月17日に寄託された、182−D1106−061、アクセッション番号DSM ACC2748
l.2006年10月26日に寄託された、182−D1106−279、アクセッション番号DSM ACC2808
m.2006年10月26日に寄託された、182−D1106−294、アクセッション番号DSM ACC2809
n.2006年10月26日に寄託された、182−D1106−362、アクセッション番号DSM ACC2810。
(ii)重鎖は配列番号116によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、および軽鎖は配列番号121によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む、
(iii)重鎖は配列番号117によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、および軽鎖は配列番号123によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む、
(iv)重鎖は配列番号119によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、および軽鎖は配列番号126によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む、
(v)重鎖は配列番号118によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、および軽鎖は配列番号125によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む、
(vi)重鎖は配列番号120によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、および軽鎖は配列番号124によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む、
(vii)重鎖は配列番号120によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、および軽鎖は配列番号127によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む、
(viii)重鎖は配列番号120によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、および軽鎖は配列番号128によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む、および
(ix)重鎖は配列番号120によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、および軽鎖は配列番号129によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む。
(ii)VHは配列番号133によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、およびVLは配列番号138によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む、
(iii)VHは配列番号134によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、およびVLは配列番号140によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む、
(iv)VHは配列番号136によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、およびVLは配列番号143によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む、
(v)VHは配列番号135によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、およびVLは配列番号142によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む、
(vi)VHは配列番号137によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、およびVLは配列番号141によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む、
(vii)VHは配列番号137によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、およびVLは配列番号144によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む、
(viii)VHは配列番号137によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、およびVLは配列番号145によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む、
(ix)VHは配列番号137によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含み、およびVLは配列番号146によって表わされるアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントを含む。
(ii)CDR1:配列番号116の45−52位、CDR2:配列番号116の70−77位、CDR3:配列番号116の116−126位、
(iii)CDR1:配列番号117の45−52位、CDR2:配列番号117の70−77位、CDR3:配列番号117の116−124位、
(iv)CDR1:配列番号118の45−52位、CDR2:配列番号118の70−77位、CDR3:配列番号118の116−126位、
(v)CDR1:配列番号119の44−51位、CDR2:配列番号119の69−76位、CDR3:配列番号119の115−125位、および
(vi)CDR1:配列番号120の45−53位、CDR2:配列番号120の71−78位、CDR3:配列番号120の117−128位。
好ましい実施形態では、本発明の抗体は、以下の実施形態(i)−(ix)から選択される相補性決定領域CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3のセットを含有するVLを含む:
(i)CDR1:配列番号121の47−58位、CDR2:配列番号121の76−78位、CDR3:配列番号121の115−123位、
(ii)CDR1:配列番号122の49−53位、CDR2:配列番号122の71−73位、CDR3:配列番号122の110−118位、
(iii)CDR1:配列番号123の47−52位、CDR2:配列番号123の70−72位、CDR3:配列番号123の109−117位、
(iv)CDR1:配列番号124の47−58位、CDR2:配列番号124の76−78位、CDR3:配列番号124の115−123位、
(v)CDR1:配列番号125の47−58位、CDR2:配列番号125の76−78位、CDR3:配列番号125の115−123位、
(vi)CDR1:配列番号126の47−58位、CDR2:配列番号126の76−78位、CDR3:配列番号126の115−122位、
(vii)CDR1:配列番号127の47−58位、CDR2:配列番号127の76−78位、CDR3:配列番号127の115−123位、
(viii)CDR1:配列番号128の47−58位、CDR2:配列番号128の76−78位、CDR3:配列番号128の115−123位、および
(ix)CDR1:配列番号129の47−52位、CDR2:配列番号129の70−72位、CDR3:配列番号129の109−117位。
好ましい実施形態では、本発明の抗体は、以下の実施形態(i)−(ix)から選択される相補性決定領域CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3のセットを各々含有するVHとVLの組合せを含む:
(i)VH:CDR1:配列番号115の45−52位、CDR2:配列番号115の70−77位、CDR3:配列番号115の116−125位、VL:CDR1:配列番号122の49−53位、CDR2:配列番号122の71−73位、CDR3:配列番号122の110−118位、
(ii)VH:CDR1:配列番号116の45−52位、CDR2:配列番号116の70−77位、CDR3:配列番号116の116−126位、VL:CDR1:配列番号121の47−58位、CDR2:配列番号121の76−78位、CDR3:配列番号121の115−123位、
(iii)VH:CDR1:配列番号117の45−52位、CDR2:配列番号117の70−77位、CDR3:配列番号117の116−124位、VL:CDR1:配列番号123の47−52位、CDR2:配列番号123の70−72位、CDR3:配列番号123の109−117位、
(iv)VH:CDR1:配列番号119の44−51位、CDR2:配列番号119の69−76位、CDR3:配列番号119の115−125位、VL:CDR1:配列番号126の47−58位、CDR2:配列番号126の76−78位、CDR3:配列番号126の115−122位、
(v)VH:CDR1:配列番号118の45−52位、CDR2:配列番号118の70−77位、CDR3:配列番号118の116−126位、VL:CDR1:配列番号125の47−58位、CDR2:配列番号125の76−78位、CDR3:配列番号125の115−123位、
(vi)VH:CDR1:配列番号120の45−53位、CDR2:配列番号120の71−78位、CDR3:配列番号120の117−128位、VL:CDR1:配列番号124の47−58位、CDR2:配列番号124の76−78位、CDR3:配列番号124の115−123位、
(vii)VH:CDR1:配列番号120の45−53位、CDR2:配列番号120の71−78位、CDR3:配列番号120の117−128位、VL:CDR1:配列番号127の47−58位、CDR2:配列番号127の76−78位、CDR3:配列番号127の115−123位、
(viii)VH:CDR1:配列番号120の45−53位、CDR2:配列番号120の71−78位、CDR3:配列番号120の117−128位、VL:CDR1:配列番号128の47−58位、CDR2:配列番号128の76−78位、CDR3:配列番号128の115−123位、および
(ix)VH:CDR1:配列番号120の45−53位、CDR2:配列番号120の71−78位、CDR3:配列番号120の117−128位、VL:CDR1:配列番号129の47−52位、CDR2:配列番号129の70−72位、CDR3:配列番号129の109−117位。
「CLD18」という用語は、クローディン18に関し、細胞によって天然に発現されるまたはCLD18遺伝子でトランスフェクトされた細胞によって発現されるCLD18A1およびCLD18A2、CLD18の立体配座、アイソフォームおよび種ホモログを含む全ての変異体も包含する。好ましくは、「CLD18」は、ヒトCLD18、特にCLD18A2(配列番号1、2)および/またはCLD18A1(配列番号7、8)、より好ましくはCLD18A2に関する。
好ましくは、これらの修飾すべてがヒト重鎖定常領域のアミノ酸配列に含まれる。
以下は本発明の抗体の治療効果の基礎となる機構に関する考察であるが、いかなる意味においても本発明は限定されない。
本発明の抗体は、従来のモノクローナル抗体法、たとえばKohler and Milstein,Nature 256:495(1975)の標準体細胞ハイブリダイゼーション手法を含む、様々な手法によって作製することができる。
CLD18に対する抗体を作製するため、上述したように、組換え発現されたCLD18抗原またはそのフラグメントおよび/またはCLD18を発現する細胞の濃縮製剤である、CLD18配列に由来する担体複合ペプチドでマウスを免疫することができる。
CLD18に対するモノクローナル抗体を産生するハイブリドーマを作製するため、免疫マウスから脾細胞およびリンパ節細胞を単離し、マウス骨髄腫細胞系などの適切な不死化細胞系に融合することができる。
本発明の抗体はまた、たとえば当技術分野において周知である(Morrison,S.(1985)Science 229:1202)組換えDNA手法と遺伝子トランスフェクション法の組合せを用いて、宿主細胞トランスフェクトーマにおいて産生することができる。
マウスモノクローナル抗体は、毒素または放射性同位体で標識したときヒトにおける治療抗体として使用できる。
抗体は、主として6つの重鎖および軽鎖相補性決定領域(CDR)内に位置するアミノ酸残基を通して標的抗原と相互作用する。このため、CDR内のアミノ酸配列はCDRの外側の配列よりも個々の抗体の間で多様である。
抗体がCLD18に結合する能力は、実施例で述べるような(たとえばELISA、ウエスタンブロット法、免疫蛍光およびフローサイトメトリー分析)標準結合アッセイを用いて判定することができる。
抗CLD18抗体を精製するため、選択されたハイブリドーマをモノクローナル抗体精製用の2リットルスピナーフラスコに中で増殖させることができる。あるいは、抗CLD18抗体を透析バイオリアクターにおいて産生することができる。
選択された抗CLD18モノクローナル抗体がユニークエピトープに結合するかどうかを判定するため、部位指定または多部位指定突然変異誘発(multi−site directed mutagenesis)が使用できる。
精製抗体のアイソタイプを決定するため、様々な市販のキット(たとえばZymed、Roche Diagnostics)によるアイソタイプELISAを実施できる。マイクロタイタープレートのウエルを抗マウスIgで被覆することができる。
免疫したマウスの血清における抗CLD18抗体の存在またはCLD18を発現する生細胞へのモノクローナル抗体の結合を明らかにするために、フローサイトメトリーが使用できる。
免疫したマウスの血清における抗CLD18抗体の存在またはCLD18を発現する生細胞へのモノクローナル抗体の結合を明らかにするために、免疫蛍光顕微鏡検査が使用できる。
ウエスタンブロット法
抗CLD18 IgGは、ウエスタンブロット法によってCLD18抗原との反応性に関してさらに試験することができる。簡単に述べると、CLD18を発現する細胞からの細胞抽出物と適切な陰性対照を調製し、ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動に供することができる。
抗CLD18マウスIgGは、当業者に周知の方法での免疫組織化学によって、たとえば、日常的外科手術の間に患者から得たあるいは自然に(たとえばDAN−G、SNU−16またはKATO−III)またはトランスフェクション後に(たとえばHEK293細胞)CLD18を発現する細胞系を接種した異種移植腫瘍を担持するマウスから得た非癌組織または癌組織試料からの、パラホルムアルデヒドまたはアセトン固定した凍結切片またはパラホルムアルデヒドで固定したパラフィン包埋した組織切片を使用して、CLD18抗原との反応性に関してさらに試験することができる。
CLD18に特異的に結合することに加えて、抗CLD18抗体は、食作用およびCLD18を発現する細胞の死滅を媒介するそれらの能力に関して試験することができる。インビトロでのモノクローナル抗体活性の試験は、インビボモデルにおける試験に先立つ初期スクリーニングを提供できる。
簡単に述べると、健常ドナーからの多形核細胞(PMN)、NK細胞、単球、単核細胞または他のエフェクター細胞をFicoll Hypaque密度遠心、次いで夾雑赤血球の溶解によって精製することができる。
モノクローナル抗CLD18抗体は、様々な公知の手法を使用してCDCを媒介するそれらの能力に関して試験することができる。たとえば補体のための血清は、当業者に公知の方法で血液から入手できる。
アポトーシスを開始させる能力に関して試験するために、モノクローナル抗CLD18抗体を、たとえばCLD18陽性腫瘍細胞、たとえばSNU−16、DAN−G、KATO−IIIまたはCLD18トランスフェクト腫瘍細胞と共に37℃で約20時間インキュベートすることができる。
CLD18に結合するモノクローナル抗体はまた、CLD18発現腫瘍細胞増殖を制御する上でのそれらの効果を測定するためにインビボモデルにおいて(たとえばCLD18を発現する細胞系、たとえばDAN−G、SNU−16またはKATO−III、またはトランスフェクション後にCLD18を発現する細胞系、たとえばHEK293を接種した異種移植腫瘍を担持する免疫不全マウスにおいて)試験することができる。
本発明の抗体によって認識されるエピトープのマッピングは、"Epitope Mapping Protocols(Methods in Molecular Biology)"by Glenn E.Morris ISBN−089603−375−9および"Epitope Mapping:A Practical Approach" Practical Approach Series,248 by Olwyn M. R.Westwood,Frank C.Hayの中で詳細に述べられているように実施できる。
本発明のさらにもう1つの実施形態では、CLD18に対する抗体は、多数の結合部位または標的エピトープに結合する二重特異性または多重特異性分子を生成するためにもう1つ別の機能的分子、たとえば別のペプチドまたはタンパク質(たとえばFab'フラグメント)に誘導体化するまたは連結することができる。
もう1つの態様では、本発明は、細胞毒、薬剤(たとえば免疫抑制剤)または放射性同位体などの治療成分または物質に複合した抗CLD18抗体を特徴とする。そのような複合体をここでは「免疫複合体」と称する。
もう1つの態様では、本発明は、本発明の抗体の1つまたは組合せを含有する組成物、たとえば医薬組成物を提供する。医薬組成物は、Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,19th Edition,Gennaro,Ed.,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA,1995に開示されているような従来の手法に従って、医薬的に許容される担体または希釈剤ならびに何らかの他の公知のアジュバントと共に製剤され得る。
本発明の抗体(ここで述べる免疫複合体、二重特異性/多重特異性分子、組成物および他の誘導体を含む)は、CLD18を発現する細胞に関わる疾患の治療を含む数多くの治療上の有用性を有する。
本発明の組成物はまた、補体と共に投与することができる。
本発明は、以下の態様を含む。
1. CLD18に結合する能力を有し、およびCLD18を発現する細胞の死を媒介する抗体。
2. CLD18A1およびCLD18A2に結合する、前記1.に記載の抗体。
3. CLD18A2に結合するが、CLD18A1には結合しない、前記1.に記載の抗体。
4. 前記細胞死が、前記細胞によって発現されるCLD18への前記抗体の結合によって誘導される、前記1.から3.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
5. 前記細胞死が、前記細胞によって発現されるCLD18A2への前記抗体の結合によって誘導される、前記1.から4.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
6. 前記細胞死が、前記細胞によって発現されるCLD18A1への前記抗体の結合によって誘導されない、前記1.から5.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
7. CLD18を発現する前記細胞が癌細胞である、前記1.から6.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
8. 癌細胞が、腫瘍形成性胃、食道、膵臓および肺癌細胞から成る群より選択される、前記7.に記載の抗体。
9. 補体依存性細胞傷害(CDC)媒介性溶解、抗体依存性細胞傷害(ADCC)媒介性溶解、アポトーシス、同型接着、および/または食作用を誘導することによって前記細胞死を媒介する、前記1.から8.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
10. CDC媒介性溶解および/またはADCC媒介性溶解を誘導することによって前記細胞死を媒介する、前記1.から9.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
11. 前記細胞のCDC媒介性溶解を誘導しない、前記1.から10.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
12. 前記ADCC媒介性溶解が、単球、単核細胞、NK細胞およびPMNから成る群より選択されるエフェクター細胞の存在下で起こる、前記9.から11.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
13. 前記食作用がマクロファージによる、前記9.から12.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
14. モノクローナル、キメラまたはヒト化抗体、または抗体のフラグメントである、前記1.から13.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
15. IgG1およびIgG2、好ましくはIgG2aおよびIgG2b、IgG3、IgG4、IgM、IgA1、IgA2、分泌性IgA、IgD、およびIgE抗体から成る群より選択される、前記1.から14.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
16. CLD18A2が配列番号2に従ったアミノ酸配列を有する、前記2.から15.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
17. CLD18A1が配列番号8に従ったアミノ酸配列を有する、前記2.から16.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
18. 生細胞の表面に存在するCLD18の天然エピトープに結合する、前記1.から17.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
19. 癌細胞、特に胃癌細胞に特異的である、前記1.から18.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
20. 前記CLD18が前記細胞の表面で発現される、前記1.から19.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
21. 配列番号2、4、6、16、18、20〜23および26〜31から成る群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を有するタンパク質またはペプチド、またはその免疫原性フラグメント、または前記タンパク質またはペプチド、またはその免疫原性フラグメントを発現する核酸または宿主細胞で動物を免疫する工程を含む方法によって得られる、前記1.から20.のいずれかに記載の抗体。
22. アクセッション番号DSM ACC2737、DSM ACC2738、DSM ACC2739、DSM ACC2740、DSM ACC2741、DSM ACC2742、DSM ACC2743、DSM ACC2745、DSM ACC2746、DSM ACC2747、DSM ACC2748、DSM ACC2808、DSM ACC2809またはDSM ACC2810の下で寄託されたクローンによって産生される抗体。
23. 前記1.から22.のいずれかに記載の抗体を産生することができるハイブリドーマ。
24. アクセッション番号DSM ACC2737、DSM ACC2738、DSM ACC2739、DSM ACC2740、DSM ACC2741、DSM ACC2742、DSM ACC2743、DSM ACC2745、DSM ACC2746、DSM ACC2747、DSM ACC2748、DSM ACC2808、DSM ACC2809またはDSM ACC2810の下で寄託されたハイブリドーマ。
25. 治療薬に結合した前記1.から22.のいずれかに記載の抗体を含む複合体。
26. 治療薬が毒素、放射性同位体、薬剤または細胞傷害性物質である、前記25.に記載の複合体。
27. 前記1.から22.のいずれかに記載の抗体および/または前記25.または26.に記載の複合体、および医薬的に許容される担体を含有する医薬組成物。
28. 細胞を前記1.から22.のいずれかに記載の抗体および/または前記25.または26.に記載の複合体の有効量と接触させることを含む、CLD18を発現する細胞の増殖を阻害するおよび/または細胞を死滅させる方法。
29. 前記1.から22.のいずれかに記載の抗体、前記25または26に記載の複合体または前記27.に記載の医薬組成物を被験者に投与することを含む、CLD18を発現する細胞に関わる疾患または障害を治療するまたは予防する方法。
30. 疾患または障害が腫瘍関連疾患である、前記29.に記載の方法。
31. 腫瘍関連疾患が、胃癌、食道癌、膵癌、肺癌、卵巣癌、結腸癌、肝癌、頭頸部癌、および胆嚢の癌から成る群より選択される、前記30.に記載の方法。
32. 前記CLD18がCLD18A2である、前記28.から31.のいずれかに記載の方法。
33. 前記CLD18が前記細胞の表面で発現される、前記28.から32.のいずれかに記載の方法。
本発明を以下の実施例によってさらに説明するが、これらの実施例は本発明の範囲を限定すると解釈されるべきではない。
a.免疫:
Balb/cまたはC57/BL6マウスを、ヒトCLD18フラグメント(配列番号15、16、17、18)をコードする真核生物発現ベクターで免疫した。プラスミドDNA50μgまたは25μgを、Set1のモノクローナル抗体の作製のために1日目と10日目に、あるいはアジュバント、たとえばCpGの存在下でSet2のモノクローナル抗体の作製のために1日目と9日目、1日目と11日目、または1日目、16日目および36日目に四頭筋に(筋肉内、i.m.)注射した(詳細については表1b参照)。
標準プロトコールに基づき、マウス脾細胞を単離して、PEGでマウス骨髄腫細胞系に融合した。生じたハイブリドーマを、次に、ヒトCLD18をコードする核酸でトランスフェクトしたHEK293細胞を使用して、FACS分析によってCLD18特異性を有する免疫グロブリンの産生に関してスクリーニングした。
抗体のアイソタイプを決定するため、アイソタイプELISAを実施した。同定したCLD18反応性モノクローナル抗体のIgサブクラスを決定するためにmouse monoAB ID Kit(Zymed,CRL 90−6550)あるいはIsoStrip Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Isotyping Kit(Roche、カタログ番号1493027)を使用した。
26B5:マウスモノクローナルIgG2aκ抗体、182−D758−035、DSM ACC2745
26D12:マウスモノクローナルIgG3κ抗体、182−D758−036、DSM ACC2746
28D10:マウスモノクローナルIgG3κ抗体、182−D758−040、DSM ACC2747
37G11:マウスモノクローナルIgG2aκ抗体、182−D1106−055、DSM ACC2737
37H8:マウスモノクローナルIgG3κ抗体、182−D1106−056、DSM ACC2738
38G5:マウスモノクローナルIgG3κ抗体、182−D1106−057、DSM ACC2739
38H3:マウスモノクローナルIgG3κ抗体、182−D1106−058、DSM ACC2740
39F11:マウスモノクローナルIgG3κ抗体、182−D1106−059、DSM ACC2741
41C6:マウスモノクローナルIgG2aκ抗体、182−D1106−060
42E12:マウスモノクローナルIgG2aκ抗体、182−D1106−061、DSM ACC2748
43A11:マウスモノクローナルIgG2aκ抗体、182−D1106−062、DSM ACC2742
44E10:マウスモノクローナルIgG3κ抗体、182−D1106−063
47D12:マウスモノクローナルIgG3κ抗体、182−D1106−064
61C2:マウスモノクローナルIgG2bκ抗体、182−D1106−067、DSM ACC2743
75B8:マウスモノクローナルIgMκ抗体、182−D756−001
85A3:マウスモノクローナルIgMκ抗体、182−D756−002
9E8:マウスモノクローナルIgMκ抗体、182−D758−011
19B9:マウスモノクローナルIgMκ抗体、182−D758−024
45C1:マウスモノクローナルIgG2aκ抗体、182−D758−187
125E1:マウスモノクローナルIgG2aκ抗体、182−D1106−279、DSM ACC2808
163E12:マウスモノクローナルIgG3κ抗体、182−D1106−294、DSM ACC2809
166E2:マウスモノクローナルIgG3κ抗体、182−D1106−308
175D10:マウスモノクローナルIgG1κ抗体、182−D1106−362、DSM ACC2810。
CLD18に対して反応性のモノクローナル抗体の作製と精製:
機能的特性決定のためにmg量の抗体を作製するため、ハイブリドーマ細胞を2×106細胞/mlで透析バイオリアクター(CELLine CL1000,Integra,Chur,CH)に接種した。
a.WB、IFにおけるトランスフェクタントの品質管理:
CLD18A2発現細胞を生成するため、HEK293細胞またはCHO細胞を、CLD18A2(配列番号1、2)またはCLD18A2−myc(配列番号3、4)をコードする核酸でトランスフェクトした。
CHO細胞をCLD18A2(配列番号1、2)でトランスフェクトし、チェンバースライドで24時間増殖させた。
HEK293細胞を、アッセイの40時間前にヒトCLD18A2(配列番号1、2)および蛍光レポータータンパク質をコードする発現ベクターでコトランスフェクトするか、あるいはヒトCLD18A2を安定に発現するHEK293細胞(HEK293−CLD18A2)を使用して、ヨウ化プロピジウム(PI)で対比染色した。
同定されたCLD18特異的モノクローナル抗体の結合特性をさらに規定した。それゆえ、エピトープタグの挿入によって作製したCLD18A2突然変異体へのモノクローナル抗体結合を分析した。
同定されたモノクローナル抗体のCLD18A2アイソフォームへの結合特異性をフローサイトメトリーによって分析した。
HEK293細胞を、蛍光レポーターとCLD18A1(配列番号8)またはCLD18A2(配列番号2)の融合タンパク質をコードする発現ベクターで一過性にトランスフェクトし、チェンバースライドで増殖させた。
CLD18A2の発現に関して細胞系をスクリーニングするため、CLD18A2遺伝子特異的プライマー対(配列番号11、12)をRT−PCR分析において使用した。ヒト胃癌細胞系NCI−SNU−16(ATCC CRL−5974)、NUGC−4(JCRB0834)およびKATO−III(ATCC HTB−103)、およびヒト膵腺癌細胞系DAN−G(DSMZ ACC249)は、CLD18の堅固な内因性発現を示すことが認められた(図9)。発現は、CLD18に対するウサギポリクローナル血清での染色によってタンパク質レベルで確認された。
DAN−G、SNU−16、NUGC−4およびKATO−III細胞をチェンバースライド上で標準条件下にて増殖させた。細胞を固定しないかあるいはメタノールで固定して、それぞれの抗体で染色した。
KATO−IIIおよびNUGC−4生細胞上で構成的に発現されるCLD18A2の表面発現をフローサイトメトリーによって分析した。
配列比較においてヒトCLD18A2(NP_001002026)とヒトCLD18A1(NP_057453)はN末端が異なり、マウスCLD18変異体(NP_062789およびAAL15636)は分子間で高い相同性と配列変異部位を示す(図14参照)。
同定されたモノクローナル抗体のマウスCLD18A2およびマウスCLD18A1への結合をフローサイトメトリーによって分析した。蛍光マーカーとマウスCLD18A2(配列番号33、35)で、または蛍光マーカーとマウスCLD18A1(配列番号36、37)で一過性にコトランスフェクトしたHEK293細胞を、ヒトCLD18特異的モノクローナル抗体38G5、38H3、37G11、45C1および163E12をそれぞれ含むハイブリドーマ上清と共に4℃で30分間インキュベートし、次いでAlexa647複合抗マウスIgG二次抗体とのインキュベーションおよび細胞の固定を実施した。BD FACSArrayを使用してフローサイトメトリーによって結合を評価した。
配列番号21のペプチドでの免疫によって生成されるCLD18A2エピトープ特異的抗体を、CLD18A2発現の免疫組織化学的特性決定のために使用した。正常および腫瘍組織の包括的パネル(comprehensive panel)に由来するパラフィン包埋組織切片をタンパク質発現および局在化分析のために使用した。
a.フローサイトメトリーによって測定したSet1のモノクローナル抗体のCDC:
補体溶解のための血漿を、健常志願者からの血液をS−Monovette−EDTA Vacutainerチューブ(Sarstedt,Nurmbrecht,Germany)に採取し、それを600gで20分間遠心分離することによって調製した。血漿を採集し、−20℃で保存した。
第二セットの実験では、CLD18A2発現細胞へのCDCを誘導するモノクローナル抗体の特異性を分析した。それゆえ、ヒトCLD18A2に特異的に結合するかまたはヒトCLD18A1にも結合する抗体のセットを、ヒトCLD18A2(CHO−CLD18A2)またはヒトCLD18A1(CHO−CLD18A1)で安定にトランスフェクトしたCHO細胞に対するCDC誘導に関して試験した。
低濃度でCDCを誘導する抗CLD18抗体の能力を測定するため、3つの異なる抗体を滴定する実験を実施した。マイクロタイタープレートで増殖するCHO−CLD18A2細胞を、それぞれ75B8(100、30、10、3および1μg/ml)、37H8(10、3.3および1μg/ml)および28D10(10、1および0.1μg/ml)の濃度範囲で室温にて20分間インキュベートした。
補体溶解のための血清を、健常志願者からの血液をSerum−Monovette Vacutainerチューブ(Sarstedt,Nurmbrecht,Germany)に採取し、それを600gで20分間遠心分離することによって調製した。血清を採集し、−20℃で保存した。対照血清は、56℃で30分間熱を加えて不活性化した後、保存した。
ハイブリドーマ上清を、ヒトCLD18A2(HEK293−CLD18A2)またはヒトCLD18A1(HEK293−CLD18A1)を安定に発現するHEK293細胞に対して抗体依存性細胞傷害(ADCC)を誘導するそれらの能力に関して分析した。
精製マウスモノクローナル抗体を、ヒトCLD18A2を内因性に発現するKATO−III細胞の増殖を阻害するそれらの能力に関して分析した。
CLD18A2に特異的に結合する同定されたモノクローナル抗体の治療上の潜在的可能性を治療的異種移植モデルにおいて検討した。
SCIDマウスに、高レベルのヒトCLD18A2を安定に発現する1×107個のHEK293細胞(HEK293−CLD18A2)を皮下的に接種した。HEK293−CLD18A2細胞におけるヒトCLD18A2の発現レベルは、患者からの一次胃癌における発現レベルと同等であった。
HEK293−CLD18A2細胞に基づく同じ腫瘍異種移植モデルを、上述した早期治療ではなく後期治療開始プロトコールとして設計した。腫瘍細胞接種後27日目にマウスを、各々5〜6匹のマウスを含む試験群に無作為化し、マウスモノクローナル抗体43A11、163E12および175D10をそれぞれ含む精製ハイブリドーマ上清200μgで治療を開始した。
SCIDマウスに、CLD18A2タンパク質を低レベルで構成的に発現する浸潤性ヒト膵腺癌細胞系である、DAN−G腫瘍細胞系の2×105細胞を皮下的に接種した。腫瘍移植の3日後にマウス(群当たり10匹)の治療を開始した:マウスモノクローナル抗体45C1、125E1、163E12、166E2または175D10を含む精製ハイブリドーマ上清200μgを週に2回6週間にわたり、静脈内注射と腹腔内注射を交互に実施して投与した。
マウスCLD18A2特異的プライマー対(センス:CTA CCA AGG GCT ATG GCG TTC、アンチセンス:GCA CCG AAG GTG TAC CTG GTC)を、正常マウス組織の包括的パネルに由来するcDNAを増幅するためにRT−PCR分析において使用した(図28参照)。
a.マウス/ヒトキメラモノクローナル抗体の作製
全RNAおよびその後一本鎖cDNAをヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)からおよびヒト脾組織から当業者に公知の標準的方法によって、たとえばRNeasy Midi Kit(Qiagen)およびSuperscript II逆転写酵素(Invitrogen)を使用することによって調製した。
CLD18特異性を有するキメラ抗体を産生する哺乳動物細胞系を作製した。細胞系はHEK293T細胞に由来した(ATCC CRL−11268)。トランスフェクションの1日前、2.5×107細胞を14.5cm組織培養皿にプレートし、完全培地20ml中で培養するか、あるいは1×107細胞を10cm組織培養皿にプレートし、完全培地10ml中で培養するか、あるいは0.6×106細胞を12ウエル組織プレートのウエルに塗布し、完全培地2〜3ml中で培養した(完全培地:抗生物質を含まない、10%FBSを添加したDMEM:F12培地)。
クローニングして作製したキメラモノクローナル抗体のCLD18A2に対する結合特異性を、実施例3で述べたようにフローサイトメトリーによって分析した。ヒトCLD18A2を安定に発現するHEK293生細胞(HEK293−CLD18A2)およびヒトCLD18A1(配列番号7、8)を安定に発現するHEK293細胞(HEK293−CLD18A1)を、キメラモノクローナル抗体を含む精製HEK293T細胞培養上清と共に4℃で30分間インキュベートし、次いでAPC複合F(ab')2フラグメントヤギ抗ヒトIgG Fcγ二次抗体と共にインキュベートして、PIで対比染色した。BD FACSArrayを使用してフローサイトメトリーによって結合を評価した。
補体溶解のための血清を、健常志願者からの血液をSerum−Monovette Vacutainerチューブ(Sarstedt,Nurmbrecht,Germany)に採取し、それを600gで20分間遠心分離することによって調製した。血清を採集し、−20℃で保存した。対照血清は、56℃で30分間熱を加えて不活性化した後、保存した。
FPLC精製した本発明のキメラ抗体を、ヒトCLD18A2を内因性発現するKATO−III細胞に対して抗体依存性細胞傷害(ADCC)を誘導するそれらの能力に関して分析した。
アッセイのために、20:1のエフェクター対標的(E:T)比のエフェクター細胞(PBMC、上述したように調製した)およびFPLC精製キメラ抗体を添加し、37℃、5%CO2で2〜3時間インキュベートした。
FPLC精製した本発明のキメラ抗体を、ヒトCLD18A2を内因性発現するKATO−III細胞の増殖を阻害するそれらの能力に関して分析した。
理想的な臨床有力物質は、広い範囲の治療および診断適用をカバーし得る(第IV章−本発明の使用と方法も参照のこと)。
本発明に従って提供される抗体は、それらの結合特性およびCLD18を発現する細胞へのエフェクター機能を媒介するそれらの能力に従って異なるクラスに分類され得る。
a)ヒトCLD18A2に結合するがヒトCLD18A1に結合しない(たとえば43A11、45C1、125E1、163E12、166E2および175D10、およびch−43A1l、ch−45C1、ch−125E1、ch−163E12、ch−166E2およびch−175D10)。たとえば図6Aおよび6B参照。
b)マウスCLD18A2に結合するがマウスCLD18A1に結合しない(たとえば125E1、163E12、166E2および175D10)。たとえば図15Aおよび15B参照。
c)腫瘍細胞によって天然に発現されるCLD18に結合する(たとえば45C1、43A11、125E1、163E12、166E2および175D10、およびch−45C1、ch−43A1l、ch−125E1、ch−163E12、ch−166E2およびch−175D10)。たとえば図13参照。
d)細胞間接触帯でCLD18に結合する(たとえば45C1、43A11、125E1、163E12、166E2および175D10)。たとえば図12Aおよび12B参照。
e)CLD18を発現する細胞のCDC誘導性死滅を媒介する(たとえば45C1、125E1、163E12、166E2および175D10、およびch−163E12およびch−175D10)。たとえば図32参照。
f)CLD18を発現する細胞のADCC誘導性死滅を媒介する(たとえばch−163E12およびch−175D10)。たとえば図33参照。
g)CLD18を発現する細胞の増殖を阻害する(たとえば45C1、125E1、163E12、166E2および175D10、およびch−163E12およびch−166E2)。
h)CLD18を発現する細胞による異種移植モデルにおいて腫瘍増殖を阻害する(たとえば43A11、125E1、163E12、166E2および175D10)。たとえば図24参照。
i)CLD18を発現する細胞による異種移植モデルにおいて生存を延長する(たとえば43A11、125E1、163E12、166E2および175D10)。たとえば図25B参照。
有力候補物質選択のための性質の例示的概要
Claims (16)
- CLD18A2に結合するがCLD18A1には結合せず、およびCLD18A2を発現する細胞の死を媒介する、CLD18A2に結合する抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントを生産する方法であって、
(a)前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントをコードする1またはそれ以上の発現ベクターで形質転換された宿主細胞を、前記宿主細胞が前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントを発現する条件下で、培養する工程と、
(b)前記細胞によって発現される前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントの製剤を採取する工程と、を含み、
前記1またはそれ以上の発現ベクターが以下を含む、方法:
(i)配列番号115の45−52位、70−77位および116−125位を各々含有する重鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域をコードする核酸配列、および配列番号122の49−53位、71−73位および110−118位を各々含有する軽鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域をコードする核酸配列、
(ii)配列番号116の45−52位、70−77位および116−126位を各々含有する重鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域をコードする核酸配列、および配列番号121の47−58位、76−78位および115−123位を各々含有する軽鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域をコードする核酸配列、
(iii)配列番号117の45−52位、70−77位および116−124位を各々含有する重鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域をコードする核酸配列、および配列番号123の47−52位、70−72位および109−117位を各々含有する軽鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域をコードする核酸配列、
(iv)配列番号119の44−51位、69−76位および115−125位を各々含有する重鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域をコードする核酸配列、および配列番号126の47−58位、76−78位および115−122位を各々含有する軽鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域をコードする核酸配列、または
(v)配列番号118の45−52位、70−77位および116−126位を各々有する重鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域をコードする核酸配列、および配列番号125の47−58位、76−78位および115−123位を各々含有する軽鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域をコードする核酸配列。 - 前記宿主細胞が、CHO細胞、NS/0細胞、HEK293細胞、HEK293T細胞、植物細胞、真菌細胞、樹状細胞、B細胞および酵母細胞から成る群より選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記宿主細胞がCHO細胞である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記発現ベクターが、プロモーター配列、リーダー配列、翻訳開始配列、軽鎖定常領域、重鎖定常領域、3'非翻訳配列、ポリアデニル化配列または転写終結配列を含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 以下から成る群から選択される核酸配列を含む、組換え核酸:
(i)配列番号115の45−52位、70−77位および116−125位を各々含有する重鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域を含む抗体の重鎖をコードする核酸配列、
(ii)配列番号116の45−52位、70−77位および116−126位を各々含有する重鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域を含む抗体の重鎖をコードする核酸配列、
(iii)配列番号117の45−52位、70−77位および116−124位を各々含有する重鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域を含む抗体の重鎖をコードする核酸配列、
(iv)配列番号119の44−51位、69−76位および115−125位を各々含有する重鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域を含む抗体の重鎖をコードする核酸配列、および
(v)配列番号118の45−52位、70−77位および116−126位を各々含有する重鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域を含む抗体の重鎖をコードする核酸配列
であって、前記抗体が、CLDN18A2に結合する抗体である、組換え核酸。 - 前記核酸配列が、配列番号132、133、134、135、137および136から成る群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域をコードする、請求項5に記載の組換え核酸。
- 前記組換え核酸が、ヒトまたはマウスの重鎖定常領域を含む、請求項5または6に記載の組換え核酸。
- 前記核酸配列が、配列番号100、101、102、104、103および105から成る群から選択される、または配列番号115、116、117、119、118および120から成る群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖をコードする、請求項5から7のいずれか一項に記載の組換え核酸。
- 以下から成る群から選択される核酸配列を含む、組換え核酸:
(i)配列番号122の49−53位、71−73位および110−118位のアミノ酸配列を各々含有する軽鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域を含む抗体の軽鎖をコードする核酸配列、
(ii)配列番号121の47−58位、76−78位および115−123位のアミノ酸配列を各々含有する軽鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域を含む抗体の軽鎖をコードする核酸配列、
(iii)配列番号123の47−52位、70−72位および109−117位のアミノ酸配列を各々含有する軽鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域を含む抗体の軽鎖をコードする核酸配列、
(iv)配列番号126の47−58位、76−78位および115−122位のアミノ酸配列を各々含有する軽鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域を含む抗体の軽鎖をコードする核酸配列、および
(v)配列番号125の47−58位、76−78位および115−123位のアミノ酸配列を各々含有する軽鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3領域を含む抗体の軽鎖をコードする核酸配列
であって、前記抗体が、CLDN18A2に結合する抗体である、組換え核酸。 - 前記核酸配列が、配列番号139、138、140、143、142、141、144、145および146から成る群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域をコードする、請求項9に記載の組換え核酸。
- 前記組換え核酸が、ヒトまたはマウスの軽鎖定常領域を含む、請求項9または10に記載の組換え核酸。
- 前記核酸配列が、配列番号107、106、108、111、110、109、112、113および114を含む群から選択される、または配列番号122、121、123、126、125、124、127、128および129から成る群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖をコードする、請求項9から11のいずれか一項に記載の組換え核酸。
- 前記核酸配列が、発現制御配列に作動可能に連結される、請求項5から12のいずれか一項に記載の組換え核酸。
- 請求項5から13のいずれか一項に記載の前記組換え核酸を含む、形質転換細胞。
- 前記細胞が、CHO細胞、NS/0細胞、HEK293細胞、HEK293T細胞、植物細胞、真菌細胞、樹状細胞、B細胞および酵母細胞から成る群より選択される、請求項14に記載の形質転換細胞。
- 抗体を生産する細胞を生産する方法であって、
(a)請求項5から13のいずれか一項に記載の前記組換え核酸を含む発現ベクターで細胞を形質転換する工程と、
(b)該形質転換細胞を得る工程と、を含み、前記形質転換細胞は、抗体の重鎖をコードする前記核酸配列および/または前記抗体の軽鎖をコードする前記核酸配列を含む、方法。
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