JP6047207B2 - 生体分子の部位活性化複合体形成方法及び材料 - Google Patents
生体分子の部位活性化複合体形成方法及び材料 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本特許出願は、2009年3月4日に出願された、「反応性植物性収斂剤(REACTIVE PLANT BASED ASTRINGENT)」というタイトルの特許文献1の優先権を主張するものであり、これは、あらゆる目的のためにその全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
精製した粉末ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)の3つの試料を、水溶液中に調製した。試料#1はBSAのみを含んでいた。試料#2は、BSAとポリフェノールオキシダーゼを含んでいた。試料#3は、BSAとポリフェノールオキシダーゼと過酸化水素とを含んでいた。30分後、分光光度計で測定したときに、各試料は、同様の定常状態の濁りを示した。五倍子由来のポリフェノール(タンニン)の水溶液をこれらの試料の各々に添加した。1時間後、試料#1は、目に見える変化をほとんど示さなかった。試料#2は、粒径の増加による濁りの増加を示し、わずかなタンパク質凝固を示唆した。試料#3は、試験チューブの底に大量の沈殿があることと、濁りがないこととを示し、ポリフェノールと活性酸素種源との酵素的反応によって、タンパク質凝固の大幅な増加を達成することができることを示した。
五倍子と過酸化水素の溶液を(1)水で再構成した粉末ニワトリ卵白(粉末卵白の製造において用いられる乾燥プロセスは酵素を変性させる)を含むチューブ及び(2)水に新鮮ニワトリ卵アルブミンを含むチューブに添加した。はるかに大量の沈殿が新鮮ニワトリ卵アルブミン試料で観察され、植物ポリフェノールを動物起源の酵素で触媒して、植物創傷で示されるキノン形成と一致するタンパク質結合を増大させることができることが示された。
製剤Aを下記の方法を用いて調製した。1グラムの市販の緑茶粉末を、1リットルの脱イオン水を含む1リットルのPyrexビーカー中に調製し、室温で6時間抽出した。この溶液に35%食品等級過酸化水素を添加し、4時間静置した後、2ミクロンのメッシュ媒体またはフィルターに通して濾過した。得られた原液を18Mohm水で1000:1、200:1、及び100:1に希釈した。15mlの希釈溶液を、107個の野生株大腸菌(E.coli)培養物を含む等量の培養溶液(水対照)に添加し、37℃でインキュベートした。2時間、4時間、6時間、及び8時間で、各試験シリーズからの試料を寒天プレート上に満たしてインキュベートし、手作業でコロニーカウントを行なった。100:1の試料は4時間で100%の殺菌を達成し、200:1の試料は6時間で100%の殺菌を達成し、1000:1の試料は静菌的でしかなかった。これにより、原材料とエネルギー入力を非常に少なくして殺菌能力の高い植物性組成物を製造する可能性が示されている。
野生株大腸菌培養物を3つの試料に添加した。試料Aは、水に25ppmの過酸化水素を含んでいた。試料Bは、同じ25ppmの過酸化水素の割合になるまで希釈した製剤Aの溶液を含んでいた。試料Cは、製剤Aと同じ濃度の緑茶抽出物を含むが、過酸化水素を含まない溶液を含んでいた。過酸化水素(試料A)中の細菌個体群は、初めは減少したが、16時間後には目に見える濁りの増加を示し始め、抗微生物能の枯渇を示唆した。緑茶抽出物のみ(試料C)では、目に見える抗微生物活性がほとんど示されなかった。製剤A(試料B)は、殺菌し続けて、3日後に逆戻りを示さず、100%の殺菌及び/または抗微生物効果の増大を示した。これにより、緑茶抽出物と過酸化水素の組合せがもたらした殺菌性能の顕著な増加が示されている。
試料#2は、上記の製剤Aを用いて事前調製した溶液であり、事前調製した試料#1と同じポリフェノール濃度を再現するように希釈した溶液であった。試料#3では、ポリフェノールと希釈過酸化水素を組み合わせて、試料#2と同じポリフェノール対過酸化水素比を達成した。各試料の連続希釈を調製し、24時間放置した。105個/mlの野生株大腸菌を含む溶液を各試料に添加し、その後、これらをインキュベートし、目視によるコロニーカウントのために寒天上にすべてプレーティングした。事前調製した試料#2のポリフェノール−酸化性物質溶液は、試料#3希釈液中よりもかなり低い濃度で効果的に殺菌し続けた。これにより、ポリフェノール基質−酸化性物質組成物が、希釈前に(活性のあるオキシドレダクターゼまたは他の還元作用物質の非存在下で)高濃度で産生された場合、低い濃度での性能が高まることが示され、安定性を改善するための分子間力による隔離という概念が裏付けられた。
以下は、製剤Bの調製方法であり、ポリフェノール基質抽出プロセスを説明したものである。30グラムの乾燥したザクロの皮を用いる。ザクロの皮は、150℃で1時間乾燥させ、すりつぶして細かい粉末状にし、80℃で20分間加熱した10リットルの脱イオン水と合わせた後、室温まで2時間冷却したものであった。35%食品等級過酸化水素を添加し、6時間静置した後、5ミクロンの媒体に通して濾過した。ポリフェノールとの過剰反応を防ぐために、添加された過酸化水素溶液は、溶液への添加後、溶液中10%未満とした。得られた溶液を水で連続希釈したものを107〜108個の細菌の培養液に添加した。得られた溶液を24時間インキュベートし、濁りを目視観察した。表1に示すように、濁り(+濁りあり、−濁りなし)は生菌を示す。
実験用マウス表面のメスによる左右対称の創傷に製剤Aの200:1希釈物を適用すると、生理食塩水対照または抗生物質軟膏で処置した創傷の約3分の1において創傷閉鎖が示された。
製剤Aの200:1希釈物に浸漬した綿パッドを、炎症を起こした口腔粘膜に10分間当てた。3人のボランティアのうち、全員が1時間以内に疼痛や腫脹の顕著な軽減を経験した。感染は2人において完全に消失しており、粘膜組織に対する抗炎症能と抗感染能が示された。
現在頻回下痢または慢性下痢の症状を有する及び過去に頻回下痢または慢性下痢の症状の既往歴がある10人のヒトボランティアに対して、製剤Bを水250mlに40:1希釈したものを5ml、5日間投与した。9人が、1週間以上の間、不快感や症状の顕著な軽減を示した。
製剤A及び製剤Bの100:1希釈物0.5mlを、表面に大腸菌が植菌されたヒツジ血液注入寒天プレート上の穴の開いたウェルに導入した。ウェルの周囲には、PP−O複合体を透過させない不透明な架橋された血液タンパク質の領域が素早く形成され、ウェルの周辺に細菌抑制帯は示されなかった。それに比べて、血液タンパク質を含まない最小栄養寒天では、培地中へのPP−Oの拡散を示す顕著な抑制帯が示された。これにより、毒性ポテンシャルの低下を裏付ける、組成物の組織透過の低さが示された。
商品生産農場の5日齢のアジア産ランドレース雑種ブタを試験被験体13頭と対照被験体3頭に分けて、全頭に生まれてから3カ月まで同じ量及び同じ種類の餌を与えた。試験被験体には、給水中の5マイクログラム(乾燥植物重量当量)の製剤Aを3日ごとに投与し、下痢が観察された場合には、同じ用量を毎日投与した。対照には、下痢を治療するための抗生物質注射を施した。21日の時点で、試験群は対照よりも下痢になる頻度が低く、平均して1.0kg重かった。3カ月の時点で、試験被験体の平均体重は、胴回りの測定に基づくと、対照群の体重よりも25〜30%大きく、製剤Aが予防・成長促進物としての抗生物質代替品として実現可能であることが示された。
純血種のランドレース子ブタ99頭の成長を追跡し、評価した。子ブタには、製剤Bの酸化性物質−ポリフェノール組成物を含むブタ代用乳を与えた。21日齢のスターターは、環境移行によるストレスを受ける傾向があり、約1週間、下痢の発生率が上昇した。実験群は、この期間中に対照群よりも18%高い平均体重増加を示し、成長の最適化や代用乳との適合性の点で商業的価値を示した。
特定病原体が感染していない純血種ランドレースブタ10頭(各々23日齢)を用いて、毒物学的安全性を試験した。これらのブタに、250μgまたは2500μg用量を毎日1回、45日間投与した。血液化学と成長をモニタリングし、組織検査を行なったところ、組織または器官への悪影響は全く示されなかった。
離乳したスターター子ブタ50頭を5つの群に分け、3日ごとに1回12μg用量を5週間投与した。統計解析からは、実験群におけるより大きい体重増加が示されている。上記の実験は、病原体の制御におけるポリフェノール−酸化性物質組成物の効果的利用の証拠となるものであり、多くの商業上及び医療上有用な用途における相当に重要な価値を示している。これらの実験は、農業用動物生産における直接的な成長促進利益を示しているが、ブタは、ヒトと生理学的及び免疫学的にかなり類似していることが知られており、ヒトにおける性能や安全性の予測判断材料として一般に用いられている。したがって、潜在的な効果をヒトについて推定し、主張することができる。これは、原因が不特定のたまの消化障害や下痢がすぐに治まるという直接体験によって裏付けられる。20〜250μg(乾燥重量当量)の単回用量は、ヒトの下痢を消失させるのに有効であることが観察されており、症状の緩和は、通常1時間以内に認められる。
本発明の好ましい態様は、下記の通りである。
〔1〕a.ヒドロキシル基を有する分子を含む処理された流体と、
b.そのヒドロキシル基を酸化作用物質や触媒で酸化することにより分子を活性化する活性化機構であって、分子の活性化が分子の結合親和性を増大させる機構と、
を含むことを特徴とする組成物。
〔2〕前記分子が、高分子または高分子化合物を含む、前記〔1〕に記載の組成物。
〔3〕前記分子が、ポリフェノールを含む、前記〔1〕に記載の組成物。
〔4〕前記ポリフェノールが、植物に由来する、前記〔3〕に記載の組成物。
〔5〕前記植物が、カメリア・シネンシスの葉、ザクロの皮、またはそれらの組合せを含む、前記〔4〕に記載の組成物。
〔6〕前記分子が、タンニン、リグニン、フラボノイド、ヒドロキシクマリン、アルカロイド類、またはそれらの組合せを含む、前記〔3〕に記載の組成物。
〔7〕前記分子が、少なくとも1つの人工合成部分を含む、前記〔1〕に記載の組成物。
〔8〕前記触媒が、オキシドレダクターゼを含む、前記〔1〕に記載の組成物。
〔9〕前記触媒が、カタラーゼ、ペルオキシダーゼ、フェノールオキシダーゼ、チロシナーゼ、金属触媒、またはそれらの組合せを含む、前記〔1〕に記載の組成物。
〔10〕前記触媒が、動物細胞にある、前記〔1〕に記載の組成物。
〔11〕前記触媒が、病原体によって生成される、前記〔1〕に記載の組成物。
〔12〕前記病原体が、ウイルス、細菌、真菌、真核生物、プリオン、またはそれらの組合せを含む、前記〔11〕に記載の組成物。
〔13〕前記酸化作用物質が、活性酸素種(ROS)を含む、前記〔1〕に記載の組成物。
〔14〕前記活性酸素種が、過酸化水素を含む、前記〔13〕に記載の組成物。
〔15〕前記活性酸素種が、オゾン還元産物を含む、前記〔13〕に記載の組成物。
〔16〕前記流体が、ポリフェノール、多糖、またはそれらの組合せを含む乾燥混合物から調製される、前記〔1〕に記載の組成物。
〔17〕前記ポリフェノール、前記多糖、または前記それらの組合せが、溶液中の前記触媒や前記酸化作用物質と接触したときに、前記活性化機構が開始される、前記〔16〕に記載の組成物。
〔18〕前記ヒドロキシル基の活性化の後、ヒドロキシル基がカルボニル基になる、前記〔1〕に記載の組成物。
〔19〕前記ヒドロキシル基の活性化の後、前記分子がキノン基を含む、前記〔1〕に記載の組成物。
〔20〕前記ヒドロキシル基の活性化の後、前記分子が病原体の不活化において効果を有する、前記〔1〕に記載の組成物。
〔21〕前記酸化作用物質が、フリーラジカルを提供する、前記〔1〕に記載の組成物。
〔22〕前記活性化分子が、フリーラジカルを提供する、前記〔1〕に記載の組成物。
〔23〕a.植物から1以上の生体高分子を得ることと、
b.その1以上の生体高分子の分子結合親和性を増大させるために、その1以上の生体高分子上のヒドロキシル基を活性化することと、
を含むことを特徴とする組成物の調製方法。
〔24〕前記1以上の生体高分子が、ポリフェノール、多糖、またはそれらの組合せを含む、前記〔23〕に記載の方法。
〔25〕前記1以上の生体高分子を実質的に乾燥した形態で動物に与えることを含む、前記〔23〕に記載の方法。
〔26〕前記活性化が、前記1以上の生体高分子を酵素、酸化作用物質、またはそれらの組合せと接触させることを含む、前記〔23〕に記載の方法。
〔27〕前記酸化作用物質を実質的に乾燥した形態で動物に与えることを含む、前記〔26〕に記載の方法。
〔28〕前記活性化された1以上の生体高分子を動物のタンパク質と架橋することを含む、前記〔23〕に記載の方法。
〔29〕前記1以上の生体高分子が、それら同士で架橋構造を形成する、前記〔23〕に記載の方法。
〔30〕前記1以上の生体高分子を1以上の病原体と結合させることを含む、前記〔23〕に記載の方法。
〔31〕前記1以上の生体高分子を前記1以上の病原体と結合させることによって凝集の沈殿が生じ、その結果、前記沈殿を濾過し、除去することができる、前記〔30〕に記載の方法。
〔32〕前記結合が、前記病原体の繁殖を停止させる、前記〔30〕に記載の方法。
〔33〕前記1以上の活性化された生体高分子が、病原体またはウイルスの代謝経路または機能を阻止することができる、前記〔23〕に記載の方法。
〔34〕前記1以上の活性化された生体高分子を用いて、動物の下痢症状を治療することを含む、前記〔23〕に記載の方法。
〔35〕前記ヒドロキシル基の活性化が、動物の部位表面の酵素によって誘発される、前記〔23〕に記載の方法。
〔36〕前記ヒドロキシル基の活性化が、酵素を外から添加することによって達成される、前記〔23〕に記載の方法。
〔37〕酸化性物質と反応するオキシドレダクターゼまたは還元化合物の除去、不活化、またはそれらの組合せを含む、前記〔23〕に記載の方法。
〔38〕病原体の侵入を防ぐように、前記1以上の生体高分子を動物のタンパク質と架橋してバリアを形成させることを含む、前記〔23〕に記載の方法。
〔39〕a.添加された活性酸素種を生体高分子上のヒドロキシル基の反応近傍に局在化させることと、
b.その生体高分子のヒドロキシル基を活性化することと、
c.その生体高分子を標的部位に適用することと、
を含むことを特徴とする局所反応を容易にする方法。
〔40〕前記生体高分子が、ポリフェノール、多糖、またはそれらの組合せを含む、前記〔39〕に記載の方法。
〔41〕前記活性化が、酵素に接触させることを含む、前記〔39〕に記載の方法。
〔42〕前記活性酸素種が、過酸化水素を含む、前記〔39〕に記載の方法。
〔43〕前記過酸化水素を前記生体高分子を含む溶液に添加して、前記ヒドロキシル基の反応近傍における前記過酸化水素の密度を増加させることを含む、前記〔42〕に記載の方法。
〔44〕前記生体高分子が、多数のヒドロキシル基を含む、前記〔39〕に記載の方法。
〔45〕a.予め選択された化学物質を含む1以上の生体分子を調製することと、
b.その1以上の生体分子が動物組織を透過する速度を制御するために、サイズ、重量、またはそれらの組合せを選択することと、
を含むことを特徴とする制御された化学物質送達方法。
〔46〕前記化学物質が、フェノール化合物を含む、前記〔45〕に記載の方法。
〔47〕前記化学物質が、キノン化合物を含む、前記〔45〕に記載の方法。
〔48〕前記生体分子が、植物由来の抽出物を含む、前記〔45〕に記載の方法。
〔49〕前記調製することが前記生体分子を単離することを含む、前記〔45〕に記載の方法。
〔50〕前記選択することが、前記生体分子を抽出することを含む、前記〔45〕に記載の方法。
〔51〕前記生体分子を前記動物組織に適用しても前記動物組織からの毒性反応が生じないように、前記透過速度を適度に調整する、前記〔45〕に記載の方法。
Claims (18)
- 抗微生物薬としての使用のためのポリフェノール−酸化性物質組成物であって、
(i)タンニンを含むポリフェノールを含む植物組織の水溶性抽出物、および
(ii)外因性過酸化水素
の組合せを含み、活性還元作用物質及び酵素を実質的に含まないことを特徴とする組成物。 - 消化器系の感染または消化器系への損傷の処置における使用のための、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記抽出物が、前記組合せ中の前記過酸化水素に対する捕捉効果を有し、前記組成物が、細菌と接触したときに細菌を死滅させるものであり、かつ、前記植物組織が、五倍子、カメリア・シネンシスの葉およびザクロの皮からなる群から選択される成分を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリフェノール及び前記過酸化水素が組み合わされ、前記組成物においてフェノール単位の近接において前記過酸化水素を安定化および濃縮させる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記植物組織が、カメリア・シネンシスの葉およびザクロの皮の組合せを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記抽出物が、リグニン、フラボノイド、ヒドロキシクマリンおよびアルカロイドからなる群から選択される成分を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、3.9〜500μg/mlの範囲の濃度で前記抽出物を有する水性製剤である、請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 下痢を治療するのに使用するための、請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 感染組織を治療するのに使用するための、請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 標的組織の創傷治癒に使用するための、請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 損傷組織を保護するのに使用するための、請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 20〜250μgの範囲の用量で対象に投与するための薬物を産生するのに使用するための、請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 乾燥した安定な形態の請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の組成物を含むキット。
- 前記外因性過酸化水素が、過炭酸ナトリウム、過炭酸カリウム、過酸化カルバミドおよび過酸化尿素からなる群から選択される活性酸素種源の形態である、請求項13に記載のキット。
- 前記活性酸素種が、乾燥した過炭酸カリウムまたは過炭酸ナトリウムを含む、請求項14に記載のキット。
- 請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載のポリフェノール−酸化性物質組成物を産生する方法であって、
前記植物組織をカメリア・シネンシスの葉およびザクロの皮から選択するステップ、
前記植物組織から活性のある還元作用物質または触媒を不活性化または除去することを含む内因性酵素を変性させるステップ、
前記植物組織を粉砕するステップ、
溶媒を用いて前記植物組織から前記ポリフェノールを抽出して、抽出物を生成させるステップ、および
活性酸素種源の形態の外因性過酸化水素を有効量で前記抽出物に添加するステップ
を含む、前記方法。 - 前記植物組織が、カメリア・シネンシスの葉およびザクロの皮の組合せを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記抽出物が、タンニン、リグニン、フラボノイド、ヒドロキシクマリンおよびアルカロイドからなる群から選択される成分を含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
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JP2017061529A (ja) * | 2009-03-04 | 2017-03-30 | ライブリーフ,インコーポレーテッド | 生体分子の部位活性化複合体形成方法及び材料 |
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