JP5701475B2 - 複合半透膜 - Google Patents
複合半透膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5701475B2 JP5701475B2 JP2008180379A JP2008180379A JP5701475B2 JP 5701475 B2 JP5701475 B2 JP 5701475B2 JP 2008180379 A JP2008180379 A JP 2008180379A JP 2008180379 A JP2008180379 A JP 2008180379A JP 5701475 B2 JP5701475 B2 JP 5701475B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- semipermeable membrane
- composite semipermeable
- antibacterial agent
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 70
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B zirconium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[Zr+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 claims description 4
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 79
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JSYBAZQQYCNZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,4-triamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 JSYBAZQQYCNZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000110 poly(aryl ether sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQBNGMRDYGPUOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,3-n-dimethylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CNC1=CC=CC(NC)=C1 UQBNGMRDYGPUOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAHPQISAXRFLCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Diaminoanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N BAHPQISAXRFLCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diaminotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSMWYRLQHIXVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CC1CNC(C)CN1 NSMWYRLQHIXVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLYCRLGLCUXUPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-diaminotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C(N)C=CC=C1N RLYCRLGLCUXUPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITTFEPALADGOBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylpropanedioyl dichloride Chemical compound CCCCC(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O ITTFEPALADGOBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPOVOSHRRIJKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylpropanedioyl dichloride Chemical compound CCC(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O IPOVOSHRRIJKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLNSYGKGQFHSNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propylpropanedioyl dichloride Chemical compound CCCC(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O MLNSYGKGQFHSNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNSVHYQBYNMMHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chlorosulfonylphthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C1C(O)=O CNSVHYQBYNMMHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNIZQCLFRCBEGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylbenzene-1,2-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(Cl)=O GNIZQCLFRCBEGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001744 Polyaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKXVJHDEWHKBFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1CN GKXVJHDEWHKBFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YARQLHBOIGUVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3-trisulfonyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C1S(Cl)(=O)=O YARQLHBOIGUVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBGQXNZTVFEKEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2-disulfonyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(Cl)(=O)=O YBGQXNZTVFEKEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-triamine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC(N)=C1 RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC(C(Cl)=O)=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BZFATHSFIGBGOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1,1-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C(Cl)=O)(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O BZFATHSFIGBGOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- XWALRFDLDRDCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclobutane-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1(C(Cl)=O)CCC1(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O XWALRFDLDRDCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXLCHRQXLFIZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclobutane-1,1-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1(C(Cl)=O)CCC1 LXLCHRQXLFIZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBWUKDMYLKXAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1,2-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1CCCCC1(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O PBWUKDMYLKXAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLCGVCXKDYTMRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1(C(Cl)=O)CCCCC1 MLCGVCXKDYTMRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1N SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEQHKFFSPGPGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCCC(N)C1 GEQHKFFSPGPGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCC(N)CC1 VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCXMNNZFVFSGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1(C(Cl)=O)CCCC1(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O DCXMNNZFVFSGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JREFGECMMPJUHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane-1,1,2-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1CCCC1(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O JREFGECMMPJUHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYLFLXVROAGUFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane-1,1-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1(C(Cl)=O)CCCC1 YYLFLXVROAGUFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRMQURWQJQPUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopropane-1,1,2-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1CC1(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O CRMQURWQJQPUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OCIDXARMXNJACB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-phenylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 OCIDXARMXNJACB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LSHSZIMRIAJWRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1CCOC1C(Cl)=O LSHSZIMRIAJWRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MTAAPVANJNSBGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1,1-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCC(C(Cl)=O)(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O MTAAPVANJNSBGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GHAIYFTVRRTBNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperazin-1-ylmethanamine Chemical compound NCN1CCNCC1 GHAIYFTVRRTBNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLRIRAGKJXODNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1,1-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound CCC(C(Cl)=O)(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O VLRIRAGKJXODNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthaloyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(Cl)=O)C=C1 LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-aminoethyl)amine Chemical compound NCCN(CCN)CCN MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003176 water-insoluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y10T428/249954—With chemically effective material or specified gas other than air, N, or carbon dioxide in void-containing component
Description
(平均粒子径の測定)
銀系抗菌剤の平均粒子径は、レーザー回折式粒度分布計を用い、レーザー回折法により体積基準にて測定した。
作製した複合半透膜を6mmφの大きさ切り出してサンプルを得た。該サンプルを容器に入れ、そこに濃硝酸4ml及びフッ化水素酸1mlを加えて密栓した。その後、該容器にマイクロ波を照射し、そして容器表面が最高230℃になる条件で加熱して加圧酸分解を行った。分解後、容器内に超純水を加えて50mlの水溶液を得た。その後、誘導結合プラズマ質量分析装置(ICP−MS)を用いて該水溶液中の銀の含有量を測定し、抗菌層1m2中の銀の含有量(mg)を求めた。
作製した平膜状の複合半透膜を所定の形状、サイズに切断し、平膜評価用のセルにセットする。約1500mg/LのNaClを含みかつNaOHを用いてpH6.5〜7.5に調整した水溶液を25℃で膜の供給側と透過側に1.5MPaの差圧を与えて膜に接触させる。この操作によって得られた透過水の透過速度および電導度を測定し、透過流束(m3/m2・d)および塩阻止率(%)を算出した。塩阻止率は、NaCl濃度と水溶液電導度の相関(検量線)を事前に作成し、それらを用いて下式により算出した。また、作製した平膜状の複合半透膜をスパイラル状に加工してスパイラルエレメントを作製し、その透過流束(m3/m2・d)および塩阻止率(%)を上記と同様の方法で算出した。
塩阻止率(%)={1−(透過液中のNaCl濃度[mg/L])/(供給液中のNaCl濃度[mg/L])}×100
JIS Z2801:2000に準拠して評価した。以下、試験概要を示す。大腸菌を普通ブイヨン培地(NB)で35℃で振とう培養し、その後、増殖した大腸菌を1/500NBにて希釈し、2.5〜10×105cfu/mlの大腸菌溶液を調製した。この大腸菌溶液を超低圧逆浸透複合膜(日東電工製、型式:ES20、抗菌層なし)及び作製した複合半透膜上に滴下し、フィルムをカバーした後、35℃で24時間培養した。その後、超低圧逆浸透複合膜及び複合半透膜から大腸菌溶液を回収し、生存している菌数をそれぞれ測定した。菌数は大腸菌測定用ペトリフィルム(3M社製)にて計数した。
(超低圧逆浸透複合膜の生菌数)/(複合半透膜の生菌数)が1×104以上の場合を○(抗菌性に優れる)とし、1×102以下の場合を×(抗菌性なし)とした。
平均粒子径0.9μmの銀系抗菌剤(東亜合成製、ノバロンAG1100)0.7重量%、及びポリビニルアルコール(ケン化度:99%)0.5重量%を含む水溶液を、超低圧逆浸透複合膜(日東電工製、型式:ES20、スキン層:ポリアミド系樹脂、性能:前記測定方法で透過流束1.2(m3/m2・d)、塩阻止率99.6(%))のスキン層上に塗布し、その後オーブンにて130℃で3分間乾燥させて抗菌層を形成して複合半透膜を作製した。
銀系抗菌剤を0.7重量%から2重量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。
銀系抗菌剤を0.7重量%から5重量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。
平均粒子径0.9μmの銀系抗菌剤(東亜合成製、ノバロンAG1100)2重量%、及びポリビニルアルコール(ケン化度:90%)0.5重量%を含む水溶液(イソプロパノール:水=3:7)を、超低圧逆浸透複合膜(日東電工製、型式:ES20)のスキン層上に塗布し、その後オーブンにて130℃で3分間乾燥させて抗菌層を形成した。その後、得られた複合膜を、0.24N塩酸酸性のグルタルアルデヒド0.001重量%を含む水溶液中に10秒間浸漬し、再度130℃で5分間乾燥して複合半透膜を作製した。
銀系抗菌剤を0.7重量%から2重量%に変更し、ポリビニルアルコールを0.5重量%から0.2重量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。
銀系抗菌剤(東亜合成製、ノバロンAG1100)を800℃で加熱処理したものを用いた以外は実施例5と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。その後、作製した複合半透膜を金属製のセルにセットし、原水として30℃のRO水を用い、膜透過流束1.22(m3/m2・d)、及び線速0.33(m3/m2・秒)で11日間運転した。その後、複合半透膜を取り出し、前記と同様の方法で抗菌層中の銀の含有量を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
銀系抗菌剤(東亜合成製、ノバロンAG1100)を1000℃で加熱処理したものを用いた以外は実施例5と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。その後、実施例6と同様の方法で抗菌層中の銀の含有量を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
銀系抗菌剤(東亜合成製、ノバロンAG1100)を1200℃で加熱処理したものを用いた以外は実施例5と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。その後、実施例6と同様の方法で抗菌層中の銀の含有量を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
ポリビニルアルコール(ケン化度:99%)0.25重量%を含む水溶液を、超低圧逆浸透複合膜(日東電工製、型式:ES20)のスキン層上に塗布し、その後オーブンにて130℃で3分間乾燥させてポリマー層を形成して複合半透膜を作製した。
銀系抗菌剤を0.7重量%から0.04重量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で複合半透膜を作製した。
Claims (11)
- 多官能アミン成分と多官能酸ハライド成分とを反応させてなるポリアミド系樹脂を含むスキン層が多孔性支持体の表面に形成されている複合半透膜において、スキン層上に直接又は他の層を介して銀系抗菌剤及びポリマー成分を含有する抗菌層が形成されており、抗菌層中の銀系抗菌剤とポリマー成分との重量比が55:45〜95:5(銀系抗菌剤:ポリマー成分)であり、
前記銀系抗菌剤は、無機イオン交換体である六方晶リン酸ジルコニウムにイオン交換で銀イオンを担持させたものであることを特徴とする複合半透膜。 - 銀系抗菌剤は、銀イオンを含有する担持体である請求項1記載の複合半透膜。
- 銀系抗菌剤は、平均粒子径が1.5μm以下である請求項1又は2記載の複合半透膜。
- 銀系抗菌剤は、700℃以上で加熱処理されたものである請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の複合半透膜。
- 抗菌層中の銀の含有量が、30mg/m2以上である請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の複合半透膜。
- ポリマー成分が、ポリビニルアルコールである請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の複合半透膜。
- ポリビニルアルコールは、ケン化度が99%以上である請求項6記載の複合半透膜。
- ポリビニルアルコールは、ケン化度が90%以上であり、かつ前記スキン層のポリアミド系樹脂に架橋している請求項6記載の複合半透膜。
- 抗菌層中の銀系抗菌剤とポリマー成分との重量比が60:40〜95:5(銀系抗菌剤:ポリマー成分)である請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の複合半透膜。
- 抗菌層中の銀系抗菌剤とポリマー成分との重量比が80:20〜95:5(銀系抗菌剤:ポリマー成分)である請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の複合半透膜。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の複合半透膜を用いる水処理方法。
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CN101934203B (zh) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-04-25 | 浙江大学 | 一种复合抗菌分离膜的制备方法 |
EP2789379B1 (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2020-02-05 | LG Chem, Ltd. | Reverse osmosis membrane comprising silver nanowire layer, and preparation method thereof |
US20130264277A1 (en) * | 2012-04-04 | 2013-10-10 | Pall Corporation | Antimicrobial filter |
JP6305729B2 (ja) | 2013-11-05 | 2018-04-04 | 日東電工株式会社 | 複合半透膜 |
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- 2008-07-11 EP EP08778080A patent/EP2168667A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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KR101185701B1 (ko) | 2012-09-24 |
EP2168667A4 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
CN101678285B (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
CN101678285A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
US8672142B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 |
EP2168667A1 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
KR20100033426A (ko) | 2010-03-29 |
US20100178489A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
WO2009008500A1 (ja) | 2009-01-15 |
JP2009034673A (ja) | 2009-02-19 |
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